2016管理类联考英语真题(含答案)

MBA联考-英语(二)真题2016年Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.Happy people work differently. They're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking3 for making investments for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would5 the way companies invested. So they compared U. S. cities' average happiness 6by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest——like size, industry, and sales——and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less codified decision making process" and the possible presence of "younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment." The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. "It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average," said one researcher.1.A.whyB.howC.whereD.when答案：B[解答] 根据空白处下文too的提示，答案应该在上文找到“相似性”的线索。

2016年MPA英语真题Dwould ___5___the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness___6___by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.___7___enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were ___8___.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities ___9___why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various ___10___that might make firms more likely to invest –like size, industry, and sales –and for indicators that a place was ___11___to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally ___12___even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors ___13___to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less ___14___managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was ___15___stronger in places where happiness was spread more ___16___.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.___17___this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least ___18___at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help ___19___how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and ___20___R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how[D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect[D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism[D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil[D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented[D] assumed7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed[D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels[D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable[D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged[D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer[D]compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious[D]experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also[D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly[D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While[D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints[D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify[D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon'sSchool of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that's become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in," said Victoria Friedman, aninstructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______[A] complete future job training[B] remodel the way of thinking[C] formulate logical hypotheses[D] perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has considered their________[A] experience[B] interest[C] career prospects[D] academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________[A] help students learn other computer languages[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C] need improving when students look for jobs[D] enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______[A] bring forth innovative computer technologies[B] stay longer in the information technology industry[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world[D] compete with a future army of programmers25.The word "coax"(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to ________[A] persuade[B] frighten[C] misguide[D] challengeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species 'historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened ."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued that the" threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver 's seat for managing the species," Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and atleast a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesn't go far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, " says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____.[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____.[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____.[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is______.[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______.[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challengeText 3That everyone's too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There's never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient. The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times." But in my experience, using such methods to free up theodd 30 minutes doesn't work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption." Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, "becoming more efficient" is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. "The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours,minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them." No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us "step outside time's flow" into "soul time." You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. "Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you're "making time to read," but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques don't work because .[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C] what people often forget is carrying a book withthem[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The "empty bottles" metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .[A] update their to-do lists[B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through[D] pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set[B] develop online reading habits[C] promote ritualistic reading[D] achieve immersive reading34. "Carry a book with you at all times" can work if .[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be .[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B] How to Find Time to Read[C] How to Set Reading Goals[D] How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favorcommunities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job aftergraduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said." I can't afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen." Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young."I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn't have college degrees,"Schneider said."I don't think people are capable of that anymore. "36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is .[A] trying out different lifestyles[B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to .[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by theyoung will .[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that .[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success[C] His parents' good life has little to do with a college degree[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challengingPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.[A]Be silly[B]Have fun[C]Express your emotions[D]Don't overthink it[E]Be easily pleased[F]Notice things[G]Ask for helpAs adults, it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art —— and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy, instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41.______C________What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. When he's angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviors, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take thisprocess too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then——again, like children——move.42._____E________A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't stop talking about it. Too often we believe that a new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43._______A_______________Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting offinfections. All of which, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels.44.______B_____________The problem with being a grown up is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with——work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?) --it doesn't matter, so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45.___________D________Having said all of the above, it’s important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:"Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness."And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by-product of the way they live.Part C Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you’ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you’ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Market Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.参考译文超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽可能长的时间。

2016年MPAcc管理类联考英语完形真题及解析2016年考研英语考试应经结束了，跨考小编为各位考生整理了2016年MPAcc管理类联考英语完形真题及解析，请参考！Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with –or even looking at –a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to the phones, even without a __1__ on a subway.It’s a sad reality –our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings –because there’s __2__ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, __3__ into your phone. This universal protection sends the __4__:”Please don’t approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide __5__ our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be __6__ as “weird.”We fear we’ll be __7__. We fear we’ll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently__8__to us, so we are more likely to feel__9__when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we_ 10_ to our phones.”Phones become our security blanket,”Wortmann says.”They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more __11___”But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t ___12___so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a __13___. They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow __14___.”When Dr. Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to __15___how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their __16___ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,”The New York Timessummarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they __17__with the experiment,”not a single person reported having been embarrassed”__18__, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, ___19___human beings thrive off of social connections. It’s that ___20___: Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A]signal [B]permit [C]ticket [D]record2. [A]nothing [B]little [C]another [D]much3. [A]beaten [B]guided [C]plugged [D]brought4. [A]sign [B]code [C]notice [D]message5. [A]under [B]behind [C]beyond [D]from6. [A]misapplied [B]mismatched [C]misadjusted [D]misinterpreted7. [A]replaced [B]fired [C]judged [D]delayed8. [A]unreasonable [B]ungrateful [C]unconventional [D]unfamiliar9. [A]comfortable [B]confident [C]anxious [D]angry10. [A]attend [B]point [C]take [D]turn11. [A]dangerous [B]mysterious [C]violent [D]boring12. [A]hurt [B]resist [C]bend [D]decay13. [A]lecture [B]conversation [C]debate [D]negotiation14. [A]passengers [B]employees [C]researchers [D]trainees15. [A]reveal [B]choose [C]predict [D]design16. [A]voyage [B]ride [C]walk [D]flight17. [A]went through [B]did away [C]caught up [D]put up18. [A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In particular [D]In consequence19. [A]unless [B]since [C]if [D]whereas20. [A]funny [B]logical [C]simple [D]rare参考答案及解析：1.【答案】A signal【解析】名词辨析。

MBA联考-英语(二)真题2016年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section Ⅰ Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Happy people work differently. They"re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too. Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That"s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking3 for making investments for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would5 the way companies invested. So they compared U. S. cities" average happiness6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms" investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that"s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest——like size, industry, and sales——and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less codified decision making process" and the possible presence of "younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment." The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesn"t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It"s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. "It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average," said one researcher.（分数：10.00）A.whyB.howC.whereD.whenA.In returnB.In particularC.In contrastD.In conclusionA.necessaryB.famousC.perfectD.sufficientA.individualismB.realismC.optimismD.modernismA.missB.echoC.spoilD.changeB.measuredC.assumedD.inventedA.SureB.OddC.UnfortunateD.OftenA.dividedB.advertisedC.overtaxedD.headquarteredA.summarizeB.overstateC.explainD.emphasizeA.factorsB.stagesC.levelsD.methodsA.desirableB.sociableC.reliableD.reputableA.resumedB.emergedC.heldD.brokeA.assignB.attributeC.transferpareA.seriousB.civilizedC.ambitiousD.experiencedA.insteadB.thusC.alsoD.neverA.rapidlyB.directlyC.regularlyD.equallyA.WhileB.UntilC.AfterD.SinceA.arrivesC.hintsD.strikesA.shareB.rediscoverC.simplifyD.shapeA.pray forB.lean towardsC.send outD.give away二、Section Ⅱ Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It"s true that high-school coding classes aren"t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon"s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it"s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It"s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that"s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they"re interested in," said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won"t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.（分数：10.00）(1).Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to ______.（分数：2.00）plete future job trainingB.remodel the way of thinkingC.formulate logical hypothesesD.perfect artwork production(2).In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their ______.（分数：2.00）A.experienceB.interestC.career prospectsD.academic backgrounds(3).Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ______.（分数：2.00）A.help students learn other computer languagesB.have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC.need improving when students look for jobsD.enable students to make big quick money(4).According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______.（分数：2.00）A.bring forth innovative computer technologiesB.stay longer in the information technology industryC.become better prepared for the digitalized worldpete with a future army of programmers(5).The word "coax" (Para. 6) is closest in meaning to ______.（分数：2.00）A.persuadeB.frightenC.misguideD.challenge五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species" historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. "The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the"threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken"s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next l0 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let "states remain in the driver"s seat for managing the species," Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn"t go far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction," says biologist Jay Lininger.（分数：10.00）(1).The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is ______.（分数：2.00）A.its drastically decreased populationB.the underestimate of the grassland acreageC.a desperate appeal from some biologistsD.the insistence of private landowners(2).The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it ______.（分数：2.00）A.was a give-in to governmental pressureB.would involve fewer agencies in actionC.granted less federal regulatory powerD.went against conservation policies(3).It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they ______.（分数：2.00）A.agree to pay a sum for compensationB.volunteer to set up an equally big habitatC.offer to support the WAFWA monitoring jobD.promise to raise funds for USFWS operations(4).According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is ______．（分数：2.00）A.the federal governmentB.the wildlife agenciesC.the landownersD.the states(5).Jay Lininger would most likely support ______.（分数：2.00）A.industry groupsB.the win—win rhetoricC.environmental groupsD.the plan under challenge六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)That everyone"s too busy these days is a cliche. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There"s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don"t seem sufficient. The web"s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times." But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn"t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you"re so exhausted that a challenging book"s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication... It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption." Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can"t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, "becoming more efficient" is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and you"ll manage only goal-focused reading—useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. "The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them." No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book. So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You"d think thismight fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us "step outside time"s flow" into "soul time." You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. " Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too—providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you"re "making time to read," but just reading, and making time for everything else.（分数：10.00）(1).The usual time-management techniques don"t work because ______.（分数：2.00）A.what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB.what challenging books demand is repetitive readingC.what people often forget is carrying a book with themD.what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed(2).The "empty bottles" metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to ______.（分数：2.00）A.update their to-do listsB.make passing time fulfillingC.carry their plans throughD.pursue carefree reading(3).Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps ______.（分数：2.00）A.encourage the efficiency mind-setB.develop online reading habitsC.promote ritualistic readingD.achieve immersive reading(4)."Carry a book with you at all times" can work if ______.（分数：2.00）A.reading becomes your primary business of the dayB.all the daily business has been promptly dealt withC.you are able to drop back to business after readingD.time can be evenly split for reading and business(5).The best title for this text could be ______.（分数：2.00）A.How to Enjoy Easy ReadingB.How to Find Time to ReadC.How to Set Reading GoalsD.How to Read Extensively七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found. From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believeit is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said, "I can"t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen." Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. "I still grew up in an upper middleclass home with parents who didn"t have college degrees," Schneider said. "I don"t think people are capable of that anymore."（分数：10.00）(1).One cross-generation mark of a successful life is ______.（分数：2.00）A.trying out different lifestylesB.having a family with childrenC.working beyond retirement ageD.setting up a profitable business(2).It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to ______.（分数：2.00）A.favor a slower life paceB.hold an occupation longerC.attach importance to pre-marital financeD.give priority to childcare outside the home(3).The priorities and expectations defined by the young will ______.（分数：2.00）A.become increasingly clearB.focus on materialistic issuesC.depend largely on political preferencesD.reach almost all aspects of American life(4).Both young and old agree that ______.（分数：2.00）A.good-paying jobs are less availableB.the old made more life achievementsC.housing loans today are easy to obtainD.getting established is harder for the young(5).Which of the following is true about Schneider?（分数：2.00）A.He found a dream job after graduating from college.B.His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.C.His parents" good life has little to do with a college degree.D.He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A. Be sillyB. Have funC. Ask for helpD. Express your emotionsE. Don"t overthink itF. Be easily pleasedG. Notice thingsAct Your Shoe Size, Not Your AgeAs adults, it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yetchildren appear to have it down to an art—and for the most part they don"t need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it"s time to learn a few lessons from them.1What does a child do when he"s sad? He cries. When he"s angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don"t dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. That"s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then—again, like children—move on.2A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn"t stop talking about it. Too often we believe that a new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.3Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.4The problem with being a grownup is that there"s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with —work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it"s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?)—it doesn"t matter, so long as they"re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you"re on a tight budget.5Having said all of the above, it"s important to add that we shouldn"t try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said : "Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness." And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.（分数：10.00）九、Section Ⅲ Translatio(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1.The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you"ll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you"ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.（分数：15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________十、Section Ⅳ Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十一、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)2.DirectionsSuppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation. Write him a reply to1) thank him, and2) give your advice.You should Write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write your address.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 十二、Part B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)3.Direction:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing，you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语[1A]考生须知1．选择题的答案须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷上的答案无效。

2．其他题一律用蓝色钢笔或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在指定位置的答案无效。

3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。

否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷1ASection I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In modern digital era, more and more people feel their lives are disturbed by the ill content which search engines link to their names and want to change it.Many European politicians are 1 to this feeling. Governments such as France and Britain have long allowed the deletion of criminal records in any 2 once punishment is 3 . The European Parliament has backed a 4 known as “a right to forgotten”, but to become law it would need the 5 of all the European Union’s 28 members states. Recently, as a advocate of “a right to forgotten”, Mr. Mosley has won the first round of a 6 battle in Germany to block his “dirty” images appearing on Google 7 there.8 , the right to be forgotten would also undermine the internet’s great strength. 9 ，the internet is similar to a library of unimaginable 10 –full, as all libraries are, of useful news, tips, document material 11 some stuff which may to different degrees be irrelevant, wrong or mad. Internet has made the best and worst of information more freely and readily 12 than ever before. Then, search engines should be 13 library catalogues and should be comprehensive and 14 , without fear or favor of what the contents may reveal, or of 15 they may be used.It should be the right of 16 , rather than governments or institutions, to distinguish what is right or wrong, useful or immaterial and factual or false. People should be 17 of giving the power to make that very 18 , even to a court that thinks hard about it and backs the disadvantaged mass. As James Madison 19 it: I believe there are more instances of the depriving of the freedom of the people by gradual and silent invasion of those in power than by 20 and violent seizure.1. A. indifferent B. sympathetic C. prudent D. ignorant2. A. searches B. explorers C. servers D. engines3. A. on B. out C. over D. off4. A schedule B. practice C. prospect D. campaign5. A. cooperation B. approval C. integration D. intelligence6. A. lateral B. literate C. liberal D. legal7. A. agent B. explorer C. search D. server8. A. Indeed B. However C. Therefore D. Moreover9. A. In turn B. In vain C. In particular D. In effect10. A. size B. roof C. home D. grade11. A. as well as B. as long as C. as far as D. as soon as12. A. available B. feasible C. eligible D. reasonable13. A. with B. like C. against D. among14. A. biased B. diverse C. neutral D. logical15. A. what B. which C. whether D. how16. A. inhabitants B. natives C. individuals D. peoples17. A. tired B. aware C. cautious D. fond18. A. contribution B. judgment C. opportunity D. option19. A puts B. makes C. carries D. lets20. A. random B. normal C. forceful D. sudenSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Lots of states would love to be California, having their own little Hollywood, and then film crews would come to town and spend money in hair salons and hotels. Last year, more than 40 states had incentives like huge tax credits to lure film producers, costing them a record $1.4 billion. Yet, the huge tax credits can be justified in no way.California is reluctant but has no way but to be in that game, with the assumption that it has to take actions to defend itself against the new-coming hunters. In 2003, when only a few states offered incentives, California made two-thirds of America’s big-studio films, but now it makes far fewer than half. Film LA, an organization that co-ordinates permits for film shoots in Los Angeles, says that without California’s own tax credit, “2010 would have been the worst year” since the mid-1990s for filming in Hollywood.All this costs money, which legislators volunteer on behalf of taxpayers. Many tax credits exceed the filmmaker’s total tax liability to that state. The credits have even become an industr y unto themselves. In Iowa some filmmakers were transferring their credits to others as transactions until the state shut its program in 2009. Last month an Iowa judge sentenced a producer to ten years in prison for cheating credits. Incentives do not necessarily have to call for the involvement of tax credits. Some states simplify the paperwork by just giving out cash and others remit film-makers from sales or hotel taxes or give them other subsidies.According to Joseph Henchman at the Tax Foundation, even when a state succeeds in luring film crews, they rarely boost the economy or tax revenues enough to justify the costs of the incentives. After all, film companies usually import their staff and export them again when the shoot is over, and thus the local jobs they create are mostly temporary. In addition, since virtually all statesare at it, the programs largely cancel out one another and no state gets a lasting advantage. The craze resembles a war with mutually destructive tariffs with its loopholes for every lobby and thus higher rates for all. The only winner is the film industry.It begins sinking in. Arizona, Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, New Jersey and Washington have recently ended, suspended or shrunk their programs, and many others, struggling with budget deficits, intend to do the same, diverting the money into something permanent or even leaving it to taxpayers.21. The fact that California makes fewer films is mentioned to illustrate it ________.A. loses its advantages in film shoot technologiesB. does not regard film shoot as a main industryC. gives importance to the attack and defend gameD. is compelled to attract film crews with incentives22. According to paragraph 3, some filmmakers ______.A. are willing to shoulder some tax of taxpayersB. spend more in filmmaking to get subsidiesC. sell their tax credits for profits illegallyD. do not have to pay for their hotel fees23. According to paragraph 4, Joseph Henchman believes ______.A. film companies creates permanent employmentsB. it is not wise to attract film crews by incentivesC. film companies help local in imports and exportsD. film shootings create lasting advantage to a state24. By saying “It begins sinking in” (last paragraph), the author implies that ______.A. some states refuse to accept film shootingB. some states reduce the state deficitsC. some states reconsider attracting film shootingD. some states give in to California in films25. The most appropriate title for this text would be ______.A. Film Shooting: Hard to LoveB. Film Shooting: Thriving BusinessC. Film Shooting: Engine for DevelopmentD. Film Shooting: High-cost IndustryText 2More often than not, it appears, we are told that our American children’s poor performance in tests of math and science, and about new initiatives from universities or foundations to expand STEM courses and deemphasize the humanities. From President Obama on down, public officials have cautioned against pursuing degrees like art, language or history, which are seen as luxuries in today’s world and they contend that a liberal education is irrelevant, and technical training is the only new path forward. It is the only way, we are told, to ensure that Americans survive in an age defined by technology and shaped by global competition. If we are to find what Americans areunited in any conviction currently, it is that we urgently need to shift the country’s education toward the teaching of specific, technical skills.This dismissal of broad-based learning stems from a fundamental misinterpreting of the facts and puts America on a significantly dangerously narrow path for the future. A broad general education helps nurture critical thinking and creativity, and exposure to a variety of fields produces synergy and cross fertilization, which renders it possible that the United States has led the world in economic dynamism, innovation, entrepreneurship and other fields. When unveiling a new edition of the iPad, Jobs explained that “it’s in Apple’s DNA that technology al one is inadequate —that it’s technology married with liberal arts, married with the humanities, that yields us the result that makes our hearts sing.”In their well-known comprehensive research “The Race Between Education and Technology”, Harvard’s Cl audia Goldin and Lawrence Katz point out that in late 18th and 19th century, countries like Britain, France and Germany educated only a few and put them through narrow programs designed to impart only the skills crucial to their professions. America, by contrast, provided mass general education because people were not rooted in specific locations with long-established trades, and the American economy changed so quickly that the nature of work and the qualifications for above-average tended to vary from one generation to the next and people didn’t want to lock themselves into one professional guild for life.In truth, though, the United States has never done well on international tests, and they are not good predictors of our national success. Since 1964, when the first such exam was administered to 13-year-olds in 12 countries, America has lagged behind its peers, rarely rising above the middle of the pack and doing particularly poorly in science and math. Yet, over these past five decades, that same laggard country has dominated the world of science, technology, research and innovation.26. According to the text, the American society generally believe that ______.A. public servants in America are poor at humanitiesB. American education has to change its emphasisC. it’s hard currently to survive in the global competitionD. STEM courses are too difficult to get good text scores27. The quotation of Jobs in paragraph 2 is used to illustrate ______.A. comprehensive education is crucial for the U. S. to keep leadB. America’s education policies are misunderstood in the worldC. world leaders are advanced in critical thinking and creativityD. intermarriage is a well established trend in American society28. Claudia Goldin and Lawrence Katz’s study reveals that compared with other countries’, American’s education is more ______.A. formal in styleB. radical in contentC. variable in devicesD. desirable in design29. The American’s fast changing economy probably calls for people’s ______.A. loyalty to a particular profession they qualifyB. variable skills necessary for potential professionsC. outstanding acquisition of professional knowledgeD. proficiency in a certain skill needed for trade30. The author’s attitude toward the American’s present education is ______.A. skepticalB. biasedC. optimisticD. ironicText 3The number of people who believe they could be born poor, work hard and get rich is at a two-decade low in New York Times polling, further evidence of the fade of the long-held idea of the American Dream. Over the past decade of the Times asking the same question, the proportion of respondents with the belief of starting off impoverished and achieving rich has steadily declined.Another low appeared in the poll conducted in 1983, and this low is worth exploring. It occurred right during a grievous economic recession and unemployment nationwide was over 10 percent and had touched the high teens or even low 20s in some states. In Ronald Reagan's 1983 State of the Union address,he began this way: "As we gather here tonight, the state of our Union is strong, but our economy is stagnant. For too many of our fellow citizens – farmers, steel and auto workers, lumbermen, black teenagers, working mothers – this is a painful period." Of course, 1983 was also a turn-around year for the economy. By year's end, the unemployment rate had dipped by almost two points and Reagan’s reelection a year later went from questionable to certain.It's easy to acknowledge that there exists direct correlation between people not having faith in the American Dream and prolonged periods of economic struggle. Whether the current slow recovery is what's to blame for the extended pessimistic mentalities or whether we, as a country, have simply entered a different stage in our relationship with the idea of the American Dream, remains a question.However, asking people whether they can be born poor and get rich through hard work is not, for everyone, a definition of the American Dream, and "rich" and "successful" are not synonymous. So there may well be people who believe you can be born to humble circumstances and achieve success who don't buy into the poor/rich dynamic presented in the Times questionnaire. In addition, comparing people who say they believe you can be born poor and get rich to people who say things either will or won't be better for future generations isn't apples to apples.There seem to be a dip in the twin ideas that a) the country is moving, inexorably, in a better direction and b) the opportunity to succeed exists for all of us (mostly) equally. That presents a major challenge for some politicians who have spent the last two decades leaning too heavily on what now looks like a somewhat outdated idea of not only the American Dream but whether it can be achieved.31. We can learn from paragraph 1 that ______.A. people from poor families are gradually losing faith in American DreamB. people born to different eras hold different opinions of American dreamC. people believe they are able to realize their dreams by working harderD. people born to rich families get rich more easily than those to poor ones32. According to the text, which of the following is true about 1983’s America?A. Unemployment rate reached historical peak.B. Reagan achieved success in general reelection.C. Fellow citizens were short of life necessities.D. Economy began to recover from former recession.33. According to paragraph 3, it’s hard to decide whether ________.A. lengthy economic recession destroys American DreamB. period of economic recovery pace affects people’s attitudeC. the US has entered a different era of economic growthD. people’s relation loosens during economic recessions34. The author’ attitude toward Times questionnaires is _________.A. positiveB. objectiveC. skepticalD. ironic35. According to the author, some politicians should _________.A. stick to their belief in American DreamB. pursue realization of American dreamC. rely on the ideal of American DreamD. update their idea of American DreamText 4Mention price cartels and many people will think of big, visible ones like the one OPEC runs to fix oil prices and the now-extinct one for diamonds. Nevertheless, at least as damaging are the many insidious cartels in such unattractive areas as ball-bearings and cargo rates, which go unnoticed for years, quietly pushing up the end cost to consumers of all manner of goods and services.Alliances or collusion among manufacturers to manipulate prices and carve up markets is thriving, with the cartels growing ever more complex and global in scope. A Competition Committee’s investigation have uncovered several big conspiracies, including one in which more than 20 airlines worldwide had fixed prices on perhaps 20 billion of freight shipments. They were fined a total of 3 billion. One academic study conducted by the Committee revealed that the typical cartel raised the price of the goods or services in question by 20%.Investigators are still addressing the problem of a huge global cartel network among suppliers of wide range of car parts. Makers of seat belts, radiators and foam seat-stuffing have had substantial fine imposed on them. Earlier this month, the European Council fined five makers of automotive bearings a total of 953m. This week its investigators raided a bunch of makers of car exhausts. Also in recent days, Brazilian officials have charged executives from a dozen foreign train-makers accused of m anipulating bids for rail and subway contracts in the country’s main cities.Anyway, we there are reasons to be optimistic because enforcement has got tougher, smarter, more coordinated, and thus more effective and efficient. Gone are the days when price-fixers got a slap on the wrist. Firms are likely to expect severe fines and bosses are likely to go to jail. Whilemany cartels now operate across boarders, so do investigators. American and Japanese bureau joined forces to flush out the car parts cartels. And incentives for whistle blowers have also increased: around 50 countries now offer immunity or reduced penalties for informers.The best study of the issue so far concluded that, given the still low risk of detection, price alliance manipulation pays. Yet, The preferable answer is stiffer prison sentences, particularly for senior executives. American courts, only too ready to lock up other types of offenders for a long time, have rarely jailed wicked price-fixers for anything like the maximum of ten years that the legislation allows. Or, the other way? Beyond a certain point – which the fines now imposed by American and European regulators have probably reached – fines constitute so much damage on guilty companies that they undermine competition rather than enhance it.36. The best title of the text probably is _________.A. Breaking Overlooked Price-fix AlliancesB. Establishing Proper Price-fix MechanismC. Reversing the Recent Price Rising TrendD. Sustaining the Present Cost of Consumers37. According to paragraph 2, A Competition Committee _________.A. protected 20 airlines from price discriminationB. fixed the prices of airline freight shipmentsC. determined the prices of goods and servicesD. found some companies united to fix prices38. According to the text, punishment of price monopoly has involved all the following industries EXCEPT _________.A. aviationB. tourismC. automobileD. railway39. By “Gone are the days … the wrist” (paragraph 3), the author implies price-fixers _________.A. will possibly be preventedB. are getting less efficientC. employ reliable informersD. cooperate with each other40. The author advocates stiffer prison sentence of price-fixers because _________.A. criminals have to be sentenced to prison longB. laws allow sentence of price-fixers to prisonC. this alternative way helps protect competitionD. price offenders deserve longer imprisonmentPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the left column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The first question people ask me when they learn that my husband lost his job, our house went underwater and we went from middle class to barely working poor during the 2008 economic crisis is: How did you stay together?It always struck me as a strange question. But it’s actually a reasonable one. Overall, America’s divorce rate has fallen. But like many things, the poor have not reaped the benefits of this trend. The number of married, college-educated couples splitting by their seventh anniversary has dropped from more than 20 percent in the early 1980s to just 11 percent today.Why this discrepancy? To start, money is a major source of tension for all couples. And less money can equal more problems. Raevan Zayas stays at home with her 1-year-old baby in California while her husband struggles at a low-paying job. “I can’t afford child care to go to work. We can barely afford groceries. Our kid needs new shoes and clothes, and I can’t remember the last time Isaac and I did something nice together,” she said. “Our relationship is so stra ined. How are you supposed to work through the problems in your relationship when you’re worried about how you’re going to buy milk for your kid?”University of Michigan economist Justin Wolfers said he’s also found that working-class families have more stringent views about men as providers and that the economy has shifted so that those without college degrees have more trouble finding such work, which contributes not only to financial hardship but also to relationship stress. As Johns Hopkins sociologist Andrew Cherbin explains: “I’ve looked at the marriage gap between men with high- and low-earning occupations, and it varies directly with the amount of economic inequality in the country.Two-thirds of all divorces are initiated by women, according to Bill Doherty, professor of family social science at the University of Minnesota. In the 1960s and ’70s, he said, highly educated mothers got divorced at about the same rate of less educated mothers. Doherty theorizes that the reason for this has something to do with the changing expectations women have for their partners. “What we have is historically high expectations for what young people call a 50-50 marriage,” he said. “People are looking for a high-intimacy, high-income marriage where both partners contribute, regardless of income bracket.Cece Azadi of Alabama said the anticipations that working-class couples have of each other shouldn’t be unrealistic. It’s not that she needed a man to provide for her, she said, she simply wanted a partner who would work with her rather than against her. “With my first divorce, poverty was an issue, for sure,” she said. “He kept working and quitting, and eventually I realized that since I was the only reliable person in the family making money, there wasn’t m uch reason to hold onto the marriage.”Examples like this ring especially true during periods of high inequality. As we came out of the recession, unemployment levels dropped from their historic highs, but more so for women than men.In the summer of 2013, about 7.5 percent of men over age 20 were unemployed, compared with 6.5 percent of women, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.The workforce has also polarized, with high- and low-income jobs increasing, and middle-income jobs that men without a college degree previously performed disappearing.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)120 presidents and prime ministers will gather in New York for a UN conference on climate change. It is the first time the subject has brought so many leaders together since the ill-fated Copenhagen summit of 2009. Now, as then, they will assert that reining in global warming is a political priority. Some may commit their governments to policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.According to scientists, cutting carbon-dioxide emission is an essential part of reducing catastrophic risk from climate change. Yet governments are persistently reluctant to provide estimates of how much carbon a policy saves. That may because, in countries where climate change is controversial, it makes more sense to talk about the other benefits a scheme offers rather than its effect on carbon. Or it may be that, in countries which are enthusiastic about renewable energy, pointing out that it may not save that much carbon is seen as unhelpful. Or perhaps governments think climate change is so serious that all measures must be taken, regardless of cost.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: You are supposed to write for the Postgraduate’s Association a notice to rec ruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization. The notice should include the basic qualifications for applicants and the other information which you think is relative.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own but use “Postgraduate’s Association” at the end of the letter.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48.Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart:1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)十年间城镇居民上下班交通方式变化图。

2016mba英语试题及答案2016 MBA英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题2分）1. According to the passage, what is the primary reason for the decline in the number of honeybees?A) The use of pesticides in farming.B) The loss of natural habitats.C) The spread of a disease.D) The increase in urbanization.答案：C2. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem of declining honeybee populations?A) Banning the use of certain pesticides.B) Reintroducing honeybees into the wild.C) Planting more flowers in urban areas.D) Encouraging the growth of wildflowers in farmlands.答案：A3. In the second passage, what is the main topic discussed?A) The impact of technology on education.B) The benefits of online learning.C) The challenges of integrating technology in classrooms.D) The future of education in the digital age.答案：D4. What is the author's opinion on the role of technology in education?A) It is essential for the future of learning.B) It can be distracting and should be limited.C) It should be used selectively to enhance learning.D) It has no significant impact on the learning process.答案：C5. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of online learning mentioned in the passage?A) Flexibility in scheduling.B) Access to a wide range of courses.C) The need for a stable internet connection.D) The opportunity to learn at one's own pace.答案：C二、完形填空（共15分，每题1.5分）[文章内容略]6. The company had to _______ its employees due to the economic downturn.A) lay offB) promoteC) trainD) relocate答案：A7. Despite the challenges, the employees remained _______ and were determined to find a solution.A) optimisticB) indifferentC) pessimisticD) skeptical答案：A8. The new strategy involved _______ the production process to reduce costs.A) simplifyingB) complicatingC) expandingD) outsourcing答案：A9. The employees were _______ to contribute their ideas to the new plan.A) reluctantB) eagerC) indifferentD) obliged答案：B10. As a result of the changes, the company was able to_______ its market share.A) maintainB) increaseC) loseD) stabilize答案：B三、翻译（共25分，每题5分）11. 请将以下句子翻译成英文：这家公司的创新策略帮助他们在竞争激烈的市场中获得了优势。

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each number ed blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They're more productive, more crea tive, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that hap piness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in place with happier people invest more, acco rding to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more o n R&D(research and development).That's because happiness is linked to t he kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-ta king that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So t hey compared U.S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8. But it is really happine ss that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier citie s 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researches co ntrolled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry , and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. They link between happiness and inv estment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less confined decision making process" and the possible presence of younger and less 14 mana gers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.'' The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16. Firms s eem to invest more in places.17 this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that po ssibility. It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would hel p 19 how executives think about the future. It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward -thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average," said one researcher.1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7. [A] sure [B] odd [C] unfortunate [D] often8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12. [A] resumed [B] held [C] emerged [D] broke13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D] compare14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send act 1-5题答案：CBDCD6-10题答案：BADAB11-15题答案：ABADC16-20题答案：BADABSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each te xt by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEE T. (40 points)Text 1It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learnin g computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endl ess string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artw ork, or test hypotheses. It's not as hard for them to transform their though t processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-si zed chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are pac ked to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined stude nts away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, start ed as one of the many coding bootcamps that's become popular for adult s looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculu m, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in," said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quic k turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even b e relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creati ng a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offi ces, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn ho w computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they wa nt -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______[A] complete future job training[B] remodel the way of thinking[C] formulate logical hypotheses[D] perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has consider ed their________[A] experience[B] interest[C] career prospects[D] academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________[A] help students learn other computer languages[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C] need improving when students look for jobs[D] enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______[A] bring forth innovative computer technologies[B] stay longer in the information technology industry[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world[D] compete with a future army of programmers25.The word "coax"(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to ______ __[A] persuade[B] frighten[C] misguide[D] challenge21-25题答案：BBACAText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chicken s---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But ju st some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species ' historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened ."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed th e agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives feder al officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe a nd others argued that the" threatened" tag gave the federal government fl exibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations appro aches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with weste rn state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. and wit h the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chic ken's habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecu te landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan req uires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their oper ations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acre s of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowner s who set aside habitat , USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring pra irie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the ne xt 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Age ncies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progre ss. Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver 's seat for mana ging the species," Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four st ates, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. N ot surprisingly, doesn't go far enough. "The federal government is giving r esponsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, " says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is_ ___.[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in th at it_____.[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doer s will not be prosecuted if they_____.[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species in ______.[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______.[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challenge26-30题答案：ADBDBText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map t o success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while yo ung and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling l ife, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely t han older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe th ey will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor co mmunities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree th at couples should be financially secure before getting married or having c hildren, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents work ing outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out inlife are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread th rough virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majoritie s of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for th ose starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just ge tting started in life" face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, m anaging debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 2 7-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled t o find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working st eadily, he said." I can't afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen." Loo king back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life fo r their children even though neither had completed college when he was y oung."I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn 't have college degrees,"Schneider said."I don't think people are capable o f that anymore. "36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is .[A] trying out different lifestyles[B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to .[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will .[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that .[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success[C] His parents' good life has little to do with a college degree[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging36-40题答案：BCDDCPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph s (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Be silly[B] Have fun[C] Ask for help[D] Express your emotions.[E] Don't overthink it[F] Be easily pleased[G] Notice thingsAct Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age.(1) As adults, it seems that we're constantly pursuing happiness, o ften with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy. Instead, the y look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than w e do as grownups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41_____ [D] Express your emotions(2) What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. When he's an gry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our be haviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative one s. That's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we feel appropriately and then-again, like children-move on.42______[F] Be easily pleasedA couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was9 years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost les s than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, b ut the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness le vels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better w ay to improve wellbeing.43_______[A] Be sillyHave you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults cou ld indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve b lood flow to our hearts and ever have a greater chance of fighting off infe ction. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happine ss levels.44______ [B] Have funThe problem with being a grownup is that there's an awful lot of s erious stuff to deal with-work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to co ok for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to cont rol our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy th e thing we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or compl etely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?)-it doesn't matter, so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if y ou're on a tight budget.45______ [E] Don't overthink itHaving said all of the above, it's important to add that we shouldn' t try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can back fire and actuall y have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher C huang Tzu is reported to have said: "Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness." And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.41-45题答案：DFABESection III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. Th e average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a stat e of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the deman ds of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After ab out 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally s elective, and instead began shopping emotionally-which is the point at whi ch we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intend ed buying.【参考译文】超市旨在吸引顾客在自己店内停留尽量长的时间。

2016考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。

Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。

（10 points）Happy people work differently。

They’re more productive，more creative，and willing to take greater risks。

And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work，too。

Companies located in place with happier people invest more，according to a recent research paper。

2 ，firms in happy places spend more on R&D（research and development）。

That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future。

The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested。

So they compared U.S。

cities’average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas。

MBA联考-英语(二)真题2016年(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.Happy people work differently. They"re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too. Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That"s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future. The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking **e with happiness would 5 the **panies invested. So **pared U. S. cities" average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms" investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that"s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest——like size, industry, and sales——and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less codified decision making process" and the possible presence of "younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment." The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesn"t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 atthat possibility. It"s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. "It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average," said one researcher.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.A whyB howC whereD when分值: 0.5答案:B[解析] 根据空白处下文too的提示，答案应该在上文找到“相似性”的线索。

2016mba英语试题及答案2016 MBA英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）1. 阅读下面的文章，回答下列问题。

文章摘要：随着全球化的发展，跨国公司在国际市场上扮演着越来越重要的角色。

这些公司不仅推动了全球经济的发展，同时也带来了文化和环境方面的挑战。

文章讨论了跨国公司如何平衡经济利益与社会责任。

问题：A. 跨国公司在全球化中扮演了哪些角色？B. 文化和环境挑战是如何产生的？C. 跨国公司如何平衡经济利益与社会责任？2. 阅读下面的短文，然后回答问题。

短文摘要：本文介绍了一种新型的太阳能电池板，它不仅能够转换太阳能为电能，还能通过特殊的涂层将多余的热量转化为热水。

这种新型电池板可以为家庭提供电力和热水，从而节省能源和开支。

问题：A. 新型太阳能电池板的主要功能是什么？B. 这种电池板如何节省能源？C. 它对家庭开支有何影响？二、词汇与语法（共30分）1. 选择正确的词汇或语法结构完成句子。

A. Despite the heavy rain, they decided to _______ thetrip.A) call offB) call forC) call inD) call outB. The company has _______ a new policy to improve employee satisfaction.A) implementedB) imitatedC) complicatedD) complicated2. 用所给词的正确形式填空。

A. She is one of the most _______ actresses in the industry.A) talentedB) more talentedC) most talentedD) talentedestB. The project was completed on _______, which was earlier than expected.A) scheduleB) scheduledC) schedulingD) schedules三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的选项中选择最佳答案填空。

2016年管理类联考英语（二）试卷Section I Use of En glishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B],[C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently.They 're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recentresearch paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D( researchand development ). That 's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer -term thinking 3 for making investments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come withhappiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities ' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms ' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that 's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various10 that might make firms more likely to in vest - like size, in dustry, and sales —and for in dicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong where mostpeople are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.17 this doesn 't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer- term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It 's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would bemore forward- thinking and creative and 20 R&Dmore than the average, ” said one researcher. 参考答案：(华章提供)：C 1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] whenB 2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusionD 3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessaryfor younger firms, which the authors 13 to process ”and the possible presence ofmore likely to be influenced by sentiment. “less codified decision makingyounger and less 14 managers who are ” The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seemto invest more in placesC 4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realismD 5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] changeB 6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumedA 7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] OftenD 8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquarteredA 9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasizeB 10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methodsA 11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliableB 12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] brokeA 13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compareD 14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experiencedA 15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] neverD 16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equallyC 17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] SinceC 18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikesA 19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] shareB 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send outSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. Whenyounger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking downproblems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they getto college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the manycoding bootcamps that's becomepopular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in," said Victoria Friedman, an instructor.For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easierto ______[A] complete future job training[B] remodel the way of thinking[C] formulate logical hypotheses[D] perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has consideredtheir _______[A] experience[B] interest[C] career prospects[D] academic backgrounds23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will[A] help students learn other computer languages[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C] need improving when students look for jobs[D] enable students to make big quick money24. ____________________________________________________________________ A c cording to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ________________________[A] bring forth innovative computer technologies[B] stay longer in the information technology industry[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world[D] compete with a future army of programmers25. ___________________________________________________ The word "coax"(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to _____________________[A] persuade[B] frighten[C] misguide[D] challengeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---akind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species 'historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened ."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued that the" threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. andwith the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWSand the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWSalso set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA),a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver 's seat for managing the species," Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesn't go far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, " says biologist Jay Lininger.26. ___________________________________________________ The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is __________________________ .[A] its drastically decreased population[B] the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C] a desperate appeal from some biologists[D] the insistence of private landowners27. __ The "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it .[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure[B] would involve fewer agencies in action[C] granted less federal regulatory power[D] went against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will notbe prosecuted if they ____ .[A] agree to pay a sum for compensation[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D] _______________________________________________________promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29. _______________________________________________________According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species in ____________________________.[A] the federal government[B] the wildlife agencies[C] the landowners[D] the states30. ____________________________________ Jay Lininger would most likely support .[A] industry groups[B] the win-win rhetoric[C] environmental groups[D] the plan under challengeText 3That every on e's too busy these days is a clich e . But one specific compla int is made especially mournfully: There's never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient. The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times." But in myexperience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn't work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhelmingly inclined toward com muni cati on •…It is not simply that one is in terrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption." Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, "becoming more efficient" is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you'll manageonly goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. "The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them." No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us "step outside time's flow" into "soul time." You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. "Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you're "making time to read," but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques don't work because .[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The "empty bottles" metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressureto .[A] update their to-do lists[B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through[D] pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set[B] develop online reading habits[C] promote ritualistic reading[D] achieve immersive reading34. "Carry a book with you at all times" can work if .[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be .[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B] How to Find Time to Read[C] How to Set Reading Goals[D] How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe theywill advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. Whlie younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said." I can't afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen." Looking back,he is struck that his parentscould provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young."I still grew up in an upper middle-class homewith parents who didn't have college degrees,"Schneider said."I don't think people are capable of that anymore. "36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is .[A] trying out different lifestyles[B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to .[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will .[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that .[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success[C] His parents' good life has little to do with a college degree[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Be silly[B] Have fun[C] Ask for help[D] Express your emotions.[E] Don't overthink it[F] Be easily pleased[G] Notice thingsAct Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age.(1) As adults, it seems that we're constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.41 _____ [D] Express your emotions(2) What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. Whenhe's angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotionsso they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. That's about as effective as brushing dirtunder a carpet and can even makeus ill. What we feel appropriately and then-again, like children-move on.42 _____ [ F] Be easily pleasedA couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was 9 years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43 _____ [ A] Be sillyHave you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in ourbodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.44 _____ [B] Have funThe problem with being a grownup is that there's an awful lot of seriousstuff to deal with-work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?)-it doesn't matter, so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.45 _____ [E] Don't overthink itHaving said all of the above, it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can back fire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: "Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness." And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much timeas possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you ' ll see, and the more stuff you see, the moreyou' ll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Market Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state ofinformation overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too muchfor us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally —which isthe point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.参照译文(华章提供)：超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽量长的时间来购物。

2016年管理类联考综合试卷英语部分真题答案参考答案：1.how2. In particular3. necessary4. optimism5. change6. measured7.Sure8. headquartered9. explain 10. factors 11. desirable 12.held 13. attribute 14. experienced 15. also 16.equally 17. While 18. hints 19. shape 20. lean towardsPart A:Text 1：21.remodel the way of thinking22.interest23. help students learn other computer languages24.become better prepared for the digitalized world25.persuadeText 2：26.its drastically decreased population27.went against conservation policies28.volunteer to set up an equally big habitat29.the states30.the win-win rhetoricText 3：31.what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.make passing time fulfilling33.achieve immersive reading34.reading becomes your primary business of the day35.How to Find Time to ReadText 4：36.having a family with children37.attach importance to pre-marital finance38.reach almost all aspects of American life39.getting established is harder for the young40.His parents' good life has little to do with a college degreePart B:41.Express your emotions42.Be easily pleased43.Be silly44.Have fun45.Don't overthink it46.参照译文:超市旨在吸引顾客在店里停留尽量长的时间来购物。

2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)真题及答案(完整版)(注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently. They're more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8. But it is really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researches controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest like size, industry , and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to "less confined decision making process" and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.'' The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16. Firms seem to invest more in places.17 this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward -thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average," said one researcher.1.[A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when2.[A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion3.[A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary4.[A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism5.[A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change6.[A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed7.[A] sure [B] odd [C] unfortunate [D] often8.[A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered9.[A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize10.[A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods11.[A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable12.[A] resumed [B] held [C] emerged [D] broke13.[A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D] compare14.[A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D] experienced15.[A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never16.[A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally17.[A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since18.[A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes19.[A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share20.[A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send act1-10 题答案：CBDCD BADAB11-20 题答案：ABADC DCCABSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that's become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in," said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better.21.C ortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier t o[A]complete future job training[B]remodel the way of thinking[C]formulate logical hypotheses[D]perfect artwork production22.I n delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has considered their[A]experience[B]interest[C]career prospects[D]academic backgrounds23.D eborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will[A]help students learn other computer languages[B]have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C]need improving when students look for jobs[D]enable students to make big quick money24.A ccording to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected t o[A]bring forth innovative computer technologies[B]stay longer in the information technology industry[C]become better prepared for the digitalized world[D]compete with a future army of programmers25.T he word "coax"(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to[A]persuade[B]frighten[C]misguide[D]challenge21-25 题答案：BBACAText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species 'historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened ."The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued that the" threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let "states" remain in the driver 's seat for managing the species," Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesn't go far enough. "The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, " says biologist Jay Lininger.26.T he major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is .[A]its drastically decreased population[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists[D]the insistence of private landowners27.T he "threatened" tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it .[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure[B]would involve fewer agencies in action[C]granted less federal regulatory power[D]went against conservation policies28.I t can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted i f they .[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.A ccording to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species in .[A]the federal government[B]the wildlife agencies[C]the landowners[D]the states30.J ay Lininger would most likely support .[A]industry groups[B]the win-win rhetoric[C]environmental groups[D]the plan under challenge26-30 题答案：ADBDBText 3That everyone's too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There's never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient. The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times." But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn't work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else you're so exhausted that a challenging book's the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication…It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption." Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, "becoming more efficient" is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. "The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and。

2016年MBA考研英语二真题及答案2016考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。

Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。

（10 points）Happy people work differently。

They’re more productive，more creative，and willing to take greater risks。

And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work，too。

Companies located in place with happier people invest more，according to a recent research paper。

2 ，firms in happy places spend more on R&D （research and development）。

That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future。

The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested。

So they compared U.S。

cities’average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with theinvestment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas。