2018年考研管理类联考：历年英语试题(附答案)

2018管理类联考：历年英语试题2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题（8）2018考研，真题是最有价值的参考复习资料，对于2018工商管理硕士考研的同学来说，大家一定要把真题多做几遍，这样才能够更好地理解出题的方向和模式，从而有助于自己合理的规划和安排自己的复习计划。

下面是小编和考生分享的关于考研管理类联考的英语试题，供考生们参考!Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA,B,C,D on answer sheet1(10points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic ___1___ by the Word Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert ____2___ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3___ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is”____4____”in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, ____5___ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the ____6___ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global ____7____ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths ___8_____ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height ofa panic, cases began to ____9____ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade ____10____ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009,officials reported therewas___11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the____12____ tested are the new swine flu, also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu. In the U.S, it has____13____more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials ____14___ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began ___15___ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16___ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those ___17__ dose were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not ____18 ___ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other ___19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group，health care workers, people ___20____infants and healthy young people.1. [A]criticized [B]appointed [C]commented [D]designated2. [A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted3. [A]digits [B]numbers [C]amounts [D]sums4. [A]moderate [B]normal [C]unusual [D]extreme5. [A]with [B]in [C]from [D]by6. [A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor7. [A]reality [B]phenomenon [C]concept [D]notice8. [A]over [B]for [C]among [D]to9. [A]stay up [B]crop up [C]fill up [D]cover up10. [A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until11. [A]excessive [B]enormous [C]significant [D]magnificent12. [A]categories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples13. [A]imparted [B]immersed [C]injected [D]infected14. [A]released [B]relayed [C]relieved [D]remained15. [A]placing [B]delivering [C]taking [D]giving16. [A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applicable17. [A]prevalent [B]principal [C]innovative [D]initial18. [A]presented [B]restricted [C]recommended [D]introduced19. [A]problems [B]issues [C]agonies [D]sufferings20. [A]involved in [B]caring for [C]concerned with [D]warding off Section ⅡReading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. MBA加油站In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where thebail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporaryart fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory”because ____-.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A.auction houses ' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room --a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,”Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day —chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins —are results of manufactured habits.A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cuesthrough relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of thelaw. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite orblue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurorsand required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSection ⅢTranslation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability”has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,”says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）答案及解析参考答案：1-5：CADBD6-10：BCDBA11-15：BBACD16-20：ACBAC21-25：DCADB26-30：DABCA31-35：BCDDB36-40：BAACD41-45：EGABD46. 参考译文：在他出生之前，欧洲正在经历宗教戏剧的衰退，古典悲剧和喜剧催生了新的戏剧形式。

47. 参考译文：任何一个上过文法学校的男孩都知道戏剧是一种文学形式。

文学曾经给希腊和罗马带来荣耀，或许还可以给英格兰带来荣耀。

48.参考译文：但是，专业公司的永久剧场生意蒸蒸日上，怀揣文学野心的大学生也很快投靠到这些剧院，以写剧为生。

49. 参考译文：本土的文学戏剧就此诞生，并与大众剧院结缘，少说也引生了一些了不起的传统。

50.参考译文：要想认识当时戏剧活动的盛况，我们还需意识到大批剧本已然遗失，而且也许没有哪位知名剧作家的作品全然遗留至今。

51. 参考作文：Dear professors,I wonder if there is the possibility for you to come to my graduation at our university’s gymnasium at 7:00 pm next Saturday night.It would be my pleasure to share the important moments with you. During the experiment, it is your generous help and constant encouragement that contributes to the success of the experiment. As I have been elected as the students’ representative, I will deliver a speech at the ceremony. I do wish you to be there to witness my growth and allow me to express my sincerest gratitude to you in person.I would like you to attend, so please let me know your decision.Yours faithfully,Li Ming 52. 参考作文：As is vividly depicted in the picture, sitting in front of a computer is a university student pondering over which kind of course he should choose: the courses creative, informative and difficult to pass or the easy and less-work-amount ones.The implication underlying this picture is rather thought-provoking: his confusion in fact mirrors hundreds of thousands of students’dilemmas. Nowadays, many students in universities or colleges are not sure of what they want and where they will go in the future. As a result, they easily become anxious and helpless when choices confront them.What should we do? In my opinion, the most important thing is having a goal. It is crucial for us college students to understand what we actually want and what kind of men we want to be. And then follow your heart. If you have the ambition to be an expert in some fields, you will naturally choose the courses that are creative, informative and progressive rather than courses oriented to students who want just to dip into it for fun or credit. Otherwise, if your focus is on honing your work skills or just feeding yourselves early and supporting your family, you can just choose whichever subject you would like to successfully graduate and then hunt for jobs or establish your own career.解析：1.【答案】[C] for【解析】考察介词的用法。

2018年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. ThetwistHalf of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified ;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who kn ew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced t his effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fing ernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgustin g insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,s ays Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound cur iosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how th ey would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture w ere less likely to 17 to see such an results su ggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative e ffects of curiosity."Hsee other words,don't read on line comments.1. A. resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore. refuse B. wait C. seek D. regret. rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt. alert B. tie C. expose D .treat. message B. trial C. review D. concept. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A. ratherthan B. such asC. regardless ofD. owing to 10. A. disagree B. forgiveC. forgetD. discover 11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. schooling . begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to. withdrawal B. inquiry C.persistence D. diligence . self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive. resist B. define C. replace D. trace . predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty. whether B. why C. where D. how20.A .limitations B. investments C . strategies D. consequencesSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost asthough he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chainAs Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype, that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economicengine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When educationbecomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of______.A. mechanical memorizationB. academic trainingC. practical abilityD. pioneering spirit22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.A. are financially disadvantagedB. are not academically successfulC. have a stereotyped mindD. have no career motivation23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.A. are entitled to more “educational privilegesB. are reluctant to work in manufacturingC .used to have more job opportunitiesD. used to have big financial concerns24. The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all_____.A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as_____.A. supportiveB. disappointedC. tolerantD. cautiousText2While fossil fuels- coal, oil, gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted Business to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the stories about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the powergenerated in the US ,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “what happens when the wind doesn' t blow or the sun doesn'tshine" has provided a qui ck put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage-capacity of batteries is making their ability to ke ep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manuf acturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electricvehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarityon roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rap idly in coming years.While there's a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace ofchange in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does-or doesn't do-to promote alternative energy may mean less and l ess a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word "plummeting"(Line 3, is closest in meaning to ______A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America ______A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa,______.A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing —Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops of owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in themarketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them —and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce wheto Paragraph1，Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its 。

2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题（8）2018考研，真题是最有价值的参考复习资料，对于2018工商管理硕士考研的同学来说，大家一定要把真题多做几遍，这样才能够更好地理解出题的方向和模式，从而有助于自己合理的规划和安排自己的复习计划。

下面是小编和考生分享的关于考研管理类联考的英语试题，供考生们参考!Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA,B,C,D on answer sheet1(10points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic ___1___ by the Word Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert ____2___ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising _____3___ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is” ____4____” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, ____5___ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the ____6___ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global ____7____ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths ___8_____ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to ____9____ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade ____10____ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009,officials reported there was___11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the ____12____ tested are the new swine flu, also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu. In the U.S, it has____13____more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials ____14___ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began ___15___ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16___ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those ___17__ dose were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not ____18 ___ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other ___19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group，health care workers, people ___20____infants and healthy young people.1. [A]criticized [B]appointed [C]commented [D]designated2. [A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted3. [A]digits [B]numbers [C]amounts [D]sums4. [A]moderate [B]normal [C]unusual [D]extreme5. [A]with [B]in [C]from [D]by6. [A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor7. [A]reality [B]phenomenon [C]concept [D]notice8. [A]over [B]for [C]among [D]to9. [A]stay up [B]crop up [C]fill up [D]cover up10. [A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until11. [A]excessive [B]enormous [C]significant [D]magnificent12. [A]categories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples13. [A]imparted [B]immersed [C]injected [D]infected14. [A]released [B]relayed [C]relieved [D]remained15. [A]placing [B]delivering [C]taking [D]giving16. [A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applicable17. [A]prevalent [B]principal [C]innovative [D]initial18. [A]presented [B]restricted [C]recommended [D]introduced19. [A]problems [B]issues [C]agonies [D]sufferings20. [A]involved in [B]caring for [C]concerned with [D]warding offSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. MBA加油站In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory”because ____-.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A.auction houses ' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room --a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbandsto be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble,Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representativedemocracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSection Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him thatsustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,”says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一) Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2 , in the wrong place often carries a high 3 .4 , why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good.5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure8 this hormone puts us in a trusting9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before look ing into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15 . Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.19 , only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes onlow-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text, the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verifystories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.[C] the administrations ability to handle information.[D] social media was a reliable source of news.27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] sharpen[B] define[C] boast[D] share28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A] readers outdated values.[B] journalists’ biased reporting[C] readers’ misin terpretation[D] journalists’ made-up stories.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C] It fell short of the latter's expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] contemptuous.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate –where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering thatpersonnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A]. its unbalanced budget.[B] .its rigid management.[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A]. the interference from interest groups.[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.[D] .the incompetence of postal unions.38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with[A] respect.[B] tolerance.[C] discontent.[D] gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B] .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese[C] .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborateFrench Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41.—C—42.—43.—F—44.—45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. (6)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语答案解析1.[答案]C[解析]该题选择的是介词，与后面的many worthwhile things一块做后置定语修饰前面的condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要的条件。

北京社科赛斯教育集团·MBA 辅导中心选择success，怎能不成功！中国MBA 备考网 12018管理类联考英语（二）翻译真题解析Section III Translation46．Direction ：Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assigment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.He ticks "astonaut'"but quickly adds"scientist”to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough,he can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads-everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.He reads so pasoately that his parents have to instiute a"no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn't stopped reading yet -not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.Nowadays,his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books:recently,he revealed that he reads at least 50nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.翻译参考答案（社科赛斯教育集团英语教研团队独家提供）一名五年级的学生的一项家庭作业是从职业列表中选出自己未来想要从事的职业。

2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark,A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that willobviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals thatthe need to know is so strong that people will ___2___ to satisfy their curiosity evenwhen it is clear the answer will___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University ofChicagoBooth School Of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that theresearcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the penswould ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-sevenwere told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the studentswho did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurredmore jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experimentsreplicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as thebasic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct —itcan ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such ___13___can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing anunpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These resultssuggest that imagining the ___18___ of following through on one's curiosity ahead oftime can help determine ___19___ it is worth the endeavor. “ Thinking aboutlong-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects ofcuriosity, e ” H says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2. A refuse B. wait C. seek D .regret3. A .rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4. A. alert B. tie C. expose D. treat5. A. message B.trial C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A rather than B. such as C. regardless D .owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. school12. A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13. A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence14. A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive15. A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16. A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19. A. whether B. why C. where D. how20 .A. limitations B. Investments C. strategies D. consequences【答案】1. A resolve 8. A happen 15. A resist2. C seek 9. B such as 16. A predict3. D hurt 10. D discover 17.B choose4. C expose 11. C food 18. C outcome5. B trial 12. D lead to 19. A whether6. C deliver 13. B inquiry 20. D consequences7. D when 14. A self-destructiveSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing isnecessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuckwithgenerations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling abicycle.But he’also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands isseen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education“ have that stereotype ... that it ’ s for kids who can ’ t make it academically, On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’sevolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that theUS economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. Moreeducation is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor ’s degreesll–andforathe subtle devaluingof anything less –misses an important point: That ’ s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor ’ s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percentof the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing, according to the National Skills Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren ’equippedt to do them. Koziatek ’ s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’ s school is a wake-upcall. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, itrisks overlooking a nation ’ s diversity of gifts.21. A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students ___ ’lack ofA.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who ___A. are financially disadvantagedB. are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD. have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates ___B.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push intobachelor ’ s degrees for all ___A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author ’ s attitude toward Koziateschool can’s be described as ___A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousTest 2While fossil fuels –coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of the world ’ senergy supply, it ’ s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sourcesh suc as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businessesto fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewable, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panelshas dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in thepast eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated inthe US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path toeconomic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he won easily in 2016, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not playwell with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent ofthe state ’ s electricity generationand where tech– giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, and Google are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “ whathappens when the wind doesn’blowt or the sun doesn’ tshine? ”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storagecapacity of batteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big betson battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roadsin 2017, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there ’s a long way to go, the trend lines forrenewable are spiking. Thepace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up–perhaps just in time tohave a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does – ordoesn’dot –to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of aglobal shift in thought.26.The word “ plummeting(line3”.para2) is closest in meaning to ______.A. risingB.fallingC.changingD.stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3.the use of renewable energy in America_______.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa_____.A .wind is a widely used energy source B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels C.tech giants are investing in clean energy D.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which of following in true about clean energy according to paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storageB. It is commonly used in can manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D .Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environment changeC. is not really encouraged by the US government Dis not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’havet any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users ’friendships and social lives. Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to who was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of theWhatsApp groups in which Theresa May ’ s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon of Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied itmay have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. Butthere is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’ tpay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them–and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digital advertising to the detriment of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they ’ re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm aphids for the honeydew that oozes from them when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’feelt like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.This article was amended on 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Apple whichwas not apt.31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____. A.digital productsB． user informationB.physical assetsC.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _____. A.worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author, competition law __A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presciently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. They are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the service is generally digitalD. the service are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate __A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author ofDeep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Word, recommends building ahabit of “ deep work-the ability” to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual ;or taking a“ journalistic ” approach to seizing momentsofdeep work when you can throughoutthe day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time andstick to it.Newport also recommends deep scheduling ”to combat constant interruptionsand get more done in less time. At any given point, I should have deep workscheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this timelike Iwould a doctor ’ s appointment or important meeting, ” he writes. Anotherapproach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities you ’-rein pd a rticulary how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author ofmessy: the power of Disorder to Transform Our lives, points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduatesinto two groups: some were advised to Set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goalsIn much more detail, day by day.While the researchersassumed that the well-structured daily plans would bemost effective when is come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: thedetailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitabledistractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embracedowntime, or as Newport suggests, “ be lazy ”.“ Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary togetting any work done, ” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard medical school, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due tothe way our brains operate. When our brain switches between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“ what people don ’ t realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocused circuits in their brain ” , says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_____.A. seize every minute to workB. list you immediate tasksC. make specific dailyplansD. Keep to your focus time37.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC. distractions may actually increase efficiencyD. daily schedules are indispensable to studying38.According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energyD. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brain ’ s shift between being focusedand inA. can bring about greater efficiencyB. can result in psychological well-beingC. is driven by task urgencyD. is aimed at better balance in work40. This text is mainly about _______.A. Approaches to getting more done in less timeB. Ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeC. The key to eliminating distractionsD. The cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections：You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the mostsuitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET .（10 points）A. Be presentB. Just say itC. Ask for an opinionD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the "me too" sF. Pay a unique complimentG. Skip the small talkFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a newperson a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment willstrengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, and newpeople at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversationwith them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and start a conversation with strangers.41Suppose you are in the room with someone you don ’ t know & you look across the room and you see a stranger and something within you says that I want to talkwith this person & you know something that mostly happens with all of us, youwanted to say something the First word. It just won ’ t come out. It feels like it stuck somewhere and refused to come out. I know the feeling & here is my advice “ Just it out ”.Just think what the worst could happen. They won ’ t talk with you. Well they are not talking with you now.I truly believe that once you said first word everything else just gets flows. Sokeep it simple “ Hi ” , ” Hey” or Hello & do what the best person in you does gather allof the enthusiasm, the energy, put on a big smile and say “ Hi ”.42It ’ s problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you wantto talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “ h” , “ hello ” , “ how are you ” and going on? ” , you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don ’ t be afraid to ask more personal questions, Trust me, you ’ ll besurpristo see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43When you meet the person for the first time make an efforts to find the thingswhich you and that person is in common so that you can build the conversation fromthat point. When you start conversation from that point & then move outwards fromthere you will find all of the sudden that conversation become lot easier.44Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy theirphone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “ I can multitask So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communicationwholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact, you can feel theconversation.45 _______________You all came into a conversation where you met the person, but after some timeyou may have met again and you forgotten their name. Isn awkward!’ t thatSo remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with.Perhaps places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like,the things they hate-whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in theirwellbeing. So they feel responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That ’ s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almostanyone.Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with.参考答案及解析41.B Just say it.42.G Skip the small talk.43. E Find the “me too ’s.44. A Be Present.45.D Name，Place，Thing.46.Direction:In this section there is a test in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write yourtranslation on ANSWER SHEET. (15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from alist of occupations. He ticks “ astronautbut”quickly adds “ scientist to the” list andselect it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as manycareer paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to sciencefiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a reading “policy ” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’stopped reading yet —not even afterbecoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays， his readingmaterial has changed from science fiction and reference book：recently， he revealedthat he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titlesbecause they explain how the world works. “ Eachbook opens up new avenues ofknowledge, ” Gates says.参考答案：一个五年级的学生得到一份家庭作业，作业要求是从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blankand mark, A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Whydo people read negative Internet commentsand do other things thatwill obviously be painful? Because humanshave an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. Thenew research reveals that the need to know is so strong that peoplewill___2___ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answerwill___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School Of Business and the Wisconsin Schoolof Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed werefrom a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; anothertwenty-seven were told only that somewere electrified. ___7___ left alonein the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock themclicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew whatwould ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with otherstimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographsof disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the sameas the basic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is oftenconsidered a good instinct —it can ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance —but sometimes such ___13___ can backfire. The insight that curiositycan drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a finalexperiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they wouldfeel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18___ offollowing through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine___19___ it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long -term ___20___is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity, ”H e says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2. A refuse B. wait C. seek D .regret3. A .rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4. A. alert B. tie C. expose D. treat5. A. message B. trial C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A rather than B. such as C. regardless D .owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D.discover 11. A. pay B. marriage C.food D.school12. A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13. A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D.diligence14. A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evidentD. self-deceptive15. A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16. A. predict B. overlook C. design D.conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend 18.A. reliefB. planC. outcomeD. duty19. A. whether B. why C. where D. how20 .A. limitations B. Investments C.strategies D. consequences【答案】1. A resolve 8. A happen self-destructive2. C seek 9. B such as 15. A resist3. D hurt 10. D discover 16. A predict4. C expose 11. C food 17.B choose5. B trial 12. D lead to 18. C outcome6. C deliver 13. B inquiry 19. A whether7. D when 14. A 20. D consequencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET.(40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to学习资料. . . .New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books andtests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer StacyTeicher Khadaroo in this week’s cover story. Whendid it becomeaccepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of theUnited States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothingis necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family ofvocational education “have that stereotype ... that it ’s for kids who can’t make it academically, ”he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduateshas largely evaporated. More education is the new mantra. We want morefor our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor ’s deg rees for all –and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That ’s not the only thing the American economyneeds. Yes, a bachelor ’s degreeopens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing,according to the National Skills Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time whenthe working class has turned the countryon its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that oncedefined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in theface. Thereis a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs mostaren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek ’s Manchester School of TechnologyHigh School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomesone-size-fits- all, it risks overlooking a nation ’s diversity of gifts.21. A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students ’lack of ___A. mechanical memorizationB. academic trainingC. practical abilityD. pioneering spirit22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who___A. are financially disadvantagedB. are not academically successful学习资料D. have no career motivation23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates ___A. are entitled to more “educational privileges ”B. are reluctant to work in manufacturingC. used to have more job opportunitiesD. used to have big financial concerns24. The headlong push into bachelor ’s degrees for all ___A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author ’s attitude toward Koziate ’s school can be described as___A. supportiveB. disappointedC. tolerantD. cautiousTest 2While fossil fuels –coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of the world ’s energy supply, it ’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move torenewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account formore than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsightedbusinesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewable, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbinesby close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principalenergy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enoughelectricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing aremarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar poweraccounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he woneasily in 2016, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that messagedid not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbinesdot the fields and provide 36 perce nt of the state ’s electricity generation –and where tech giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, andGoogle are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to powertheir data centers.The question “what ha ppens when the wind doesn ’t blow or the sundoesn’t shine? ” has provided a quick put -down for skeptics. But a boostin the storage capacity of batteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placingbig bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads in 2017, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there ’s a long way to go, the tr end lines for renewable are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up –perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climatechange. What Washington does – or doesn’t do – to promote alternativeenergy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting”(line3.para2) is closest in meaning to ______.A. risingB. fallingC. changingD. stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3.the use of renewable energy in America_______.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa_____.A .wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossilfuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of following in true about clean energy according to paragraphs5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storageB. It is commonly used in can manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D .Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environment changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing –Amazonhas just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foodsfor $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquirethe WhatsAppmessaging service, which doesn’t have any physical productat all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users ’friendships an d social lives. Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbersto Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as thedeal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, theknowledge of who sent them and to who was enormously revealing and stillcould be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want toknow the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May ’s enemiesare currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazonof Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, butthe records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalancesof power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared tothe pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem hasbeen addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, tobe replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptualproblem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious whenthe usersof these services don ’t pay for them. The users of their services arenot their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising fromthem –and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digitaladvertising to the detriment of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they ’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some antsfarm aphids for the honeydewthat oozes from them whenthey feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants keep predatoryinsects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers outof our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a humanor democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.This article was amendedon 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Apple which was not apt.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____.A. digital productsB．user informationB. physical assetsC. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _____.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law __A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presciently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. They are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the service is generally digitalD. the service are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate __A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digitalgiants C. the benefits provided for digital giantscustomersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport,author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Word, recommendsbuilding a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-beit lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a dailyritual ;or taking a “journalistic ” approach to seizing momentsof deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is todetermine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends deep scheduling ”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar,I protect this time lik e I would a doctor ’s appointment or important meeting, ”he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink howyou priorities you ’re day -in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of messy: the power of Disorder to Transform Our lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to Set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals In much more detail, day学习资料While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily planswould be most effective when is come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the bestresults.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need toembrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy ”.“Idleness is not just a vacati on, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ”he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard medical school, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brainswitches between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to bemore efficient.“what people don’t realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocused circuits in theirbrain ”, says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_____.A. seize every minute to workB. list you immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. Keep to your focus time37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB.detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC. distractions may actually increase efficiencyD.daily schedules are indispensable to studying38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energyD. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brain ’s shift between being focused and in focused____A. can bring about greater efficiencyB. can result in psychological well-beingC. is driven by task urgencyD. is aimed at better balance in work40. This text is mainly about _______.A. Approaches to getting more done in less timeB. Ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeC. The key to eliminating distractionsD. The cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections ：You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choosethe most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET . （10 points ）A. Be presentB. Just say itC. Ask for an opinionD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the "me too" sF. Pay a unique complimentG. Skip the small talkFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which meanswhenyou have a conversation witha new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver,and new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply startinga conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and starta conversation with strangers.41Suppose you are in the room with someone you don ’t know & you lookacross the room and you see a stranger and something within you says thatI want to talk with this person & you know something that mostly happenswith all of us, you wanted to say something the First word. It just won’t comeout. It feels like it stuck somewhereand refused to comeout. I know the feeling & here is my advice “Just get it out ”.Just think what the wor st could happen. They won ’t talk with you.Well they are not talking with you now.I truly believe that once you said first word everything else justgets flows. So keep it simple “Hi” , ”Hey”or Hello & do what the best person in you does gather all of the enthusiasm, the energy, put on abig smile and say “Hi”.42It ’s problem all of us face; you have limited time with the personthat you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “h”, “hello ”, “how are you”and “what’s going on? ”, you will fail to give the initial joltto the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions, Trust me, you’llbe surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43When you meet the person for the first time make an efforts to findthe things which you and that person is in common so that you can buildthe conversation from that point. When you start conversation from thatpoint & then moveoutwards from there you will find all of the sudden that conversation become lot easier.44Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are justbusy their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask ”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact,you can feel the conversation.45 _______________You all came into a conversation where you met the person, but after sometime you mayhave met again and you forgotten their name. Isn ’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talkedwith. Perhaps places they have been to, the places they want to go, thethings they like, the things they hate-whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investorin their wellbeing. So they feel responsibility to you to keep thatrelationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation withalmost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with.参考答案及解析41. B Just say it.42.G Skip the small talk.43.E Find the “me too’s.44. A Be Present.45. D Name，Place，Thing.46. Direction:In this section there is a test in English. Translate it into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15points)A fifth grader gets a homeworkassignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut ” but quickly adds “scientist ” to the list and select it as well. The boy is convinced thatif he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. Andso he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy ”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet —not evenafter becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays，his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference book：recently ，he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge, ”Gates says.参考答案：一个五年级的学生得到一份家庭作业，作业要求是从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。

2018年考研管理类联考试题及参考答案一、冋题求解：第L1列極费允 共輻分悔题给出的•臥c.叭E 五个 型页中.只有一顶是符合试鯉求內请在答軀卡上将ffift 顶的审母涂聽K 学科竟寒设一等奖、二等奖和三尊奖，比例为1：3： S,茯奖率为30%、已知10人获得 —等奖，则金力喳寒的人数为(A> 300 (B) 400 (C) 500 (D) 550(E) 6002、为了解某公司员工的年龄结村 按钛 女人数的比例进f 亍了随机抽样，结果如F ；男貝工年龄(岁)23 2620 30 3224362841女員工年龄(岁〉 23 2527272931根將表中数1B 估计，诙公司男员工的平均年龄与全体员工的平均年龄分別杲(单位：岁)(A) 32, 30 (B) 32. 29.5 (C) 32, 27 (D) 30, 27(E) 29_5, 273>某单位采馭分段吹務的方式收取朗络流量(单■位；GB)费用；每月流量其(创 以内 免魏，溢量加到30 ｛含)的埒GB 收我1元，浚量如到40 (含)的毎GBlft 费弐元，流 量40以上的每GB 收费' 元 小王这个月用了巧GB 的茨邑贝」他应该交費4$元 (B) 65元 (C) 75元 (D)阴元(E) 135 元斗.如凰圆O 是三角形ABC 的内切圆，若三角形ABC 的面积与周长的犬小之比为1： 23(B) 2JT (D) 47TCE) 57T5、设实数a 丄満足阳上|乜3-聞=迪则CAi 30 22 (C) 15 (D) 13CE) 100甲、乙两人曲亍围棋比第约定先胜2盘者蛊得比第已知毎盘楫甲茯胜的槪率是0®乙狂胜的探卒呈丄4,—盘狂匕 川甲嬴唱比暮葩播举力3 K(C) 3HO) 0.144 (B) 0.2SS(C)0.36 (D) 0.4<E) 0.67、如團，四边形4耳G D、平行四边形，4 ，C「D】分别是£ § C】。

2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题（8）2018考研，真题是最有价值的参考复习资料，对于2018工商管理硕士考研的同学来说，大家一定要把真题多做几遍，这样才能够更好地理解出题的方向和模式，从而有助于自己合理的规划和安排自己的复习计划。

下面是小编和考生分享的关于考研管理类联考的英语试题，供考生们参考!Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA,B,C,D on answer sheet1(10points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declareda global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic ___1___by the Word Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert ____2___ a n emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising _____3___in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is” ____4____” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, ____5___ the overwhelming majority ofpatients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the____6___ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global ____7____ in late April 2009, when Mexicanauthorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths___8_____ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of apanic, cases began to ____9____ in New Y ork City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade ____10____ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009,officials reported there was___11__ fluactivity in almost every state and that virtually all the ____12____ tested are the new swine flu, also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu. In the U.S, ithas____13____more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths andmore than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials ____14___ Tamiflu for children from the nationalstockpile and began ___15___ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16___ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made availablein early October 2009, though most of those ___17__ dose were of the FluMistnasal spray type, which is not ____18 ___ for pregnant women, people over 50or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other ___19__.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group，health care workers, people ___20____infants and healthy young people.1. [A]criticized [B]appointed [C]commented [D]designated2. [A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted3. [A]digits [B]numbers [C]amounts [D]sums4. [A]moderate [B]normal [C]unusual [D]extreme5. [A]with [B]in [C]from [D]by6. [A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor7. [A]reality [B]phenomenon [C]concept [D]notice8. [A]over [B]for [C]among [D]to9. [A]stay up [B]crop up [C]fill up [D]cover up10. [A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until11. [A]excessive [B]enormous [C]significant [D]magnificent12. [A]categories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples13. [A]imparted [B]immersed [C]injected [D]infected14. [A]released [B]relayed [C]relieved [D]remained15. [A]placing [B]delivering [C]taking [D]giving16. [A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applicable17. [A]prevalent [B]principal [C]innovative [D]initial18. [A]presented [B]restricted [C]recommended [D]introduced19. [A]problems [B]issues [C]agonies [D]sufferings20. [A]involved in [B]caring for [C]concerned with [D]warding offSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passageby choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien H irst, “Beautiful Inside My H ead F orever”, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It wasa last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldestbanks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion,reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings togethergreat wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matchedby few other industries. MBA加油站In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of thebanks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise ofmany art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed awayfrom galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most seriouscontraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckonthat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have beenfar more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there arestill buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand e ven though many c ollectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first halfof 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said thatthe biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of goodwork to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waitingfor confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory”because ____-.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worthbuying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A.auction houses ' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room --a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening oneman had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdoteswhile his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk tothem. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She'sthe talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothingto say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole eveningin silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men t end to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And thispattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late'70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "DivorceTalk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men --gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the currentdivorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most oftenfocused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of dailylife-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk tome." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbandsto be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share thisexpectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is thestereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with anewspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of itwanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will mostprobably focus on ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creatingautomatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble,Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many o f the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners,water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners,fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, becauseof canny advertising and public health campaigns, many A mericans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and nowoffice workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, oncebought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers areadvertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushingand putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter& Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other productslast year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned inParagraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help createpeople’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed dueto _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section ofthe community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a juryon account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants areentitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent theconscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representativedemocracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some s tates, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Althoughthe Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racialdiscrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. WestVirginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juriesprovided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until themid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for juryduty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names i ncluded on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection andService Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This lawabolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In thelandmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to thestate level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in juryselection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same proceduresfor selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some statesbecause_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federaljurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entirecommunity[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSection Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful periodof unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him thatsustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action andchoice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed onwith a Boulder agency.It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move b ecause that’s not my p assion,”says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack ofsales. “I was miserable, I had so much a nxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money a nd needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

2018管理类联考：历年英语试题2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题（8）2018考研，真题是最有价值的参考复习资料，对于2018工商管理硕士考研的同学来说，大家一定要把真题多做几遍，这样才能够更好地理解出题的方向和模式，从而有助于自己合理的规划和安排自己的复习计划。

下面是小编和考生分享的关于考研管理类联考的英语试题，供考生们参考！Directions:Read the followi ng text.Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered bla nkand markA,B,C,D on an swer sheet1(10po in ts)The outbreak of swi ne flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared aglobal epidemic on June 11,2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic ___ 1__ b ythe Word Health Organization in 41 years.The heighte ned alert __ 2 ___ a n emerge ncy meeti ng with flu experts inGen eva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising____ 3 _ in Britai n, Japa n, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is ”____ 4_ ” in severity, accord ing to Margaret Chan, the organization ' s director general, ____ 5 __ the overwhelming majority ofpatients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the___ 6 __ of any medical treatme nt.The outbreak came to global ___ 7 ___ in late April 2009, whe n Mexica n authorities no ted an unu sually large nu mber ofhospitalizati ons and deaths__ 8 ___ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut dow n at the height of apanic, cases bega n to __ 9 ___ in New York City, the southwester n Un itedStates and around the world.In the Un ited States, new cases seemed to fade __ 10 ___ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009,officials reported there was _ 11__ fluactivity in almost every state and that virtually all the ____ 12 ___ tested are thenew swine flu, also known as(A)H1N1, not seas onal flu. In the U.S, it has 13 m ore tha n one milli on people,a nd caused more tha n 600 deathsand more tha n 6,000 hospitalizatio ns.Federal health officials ___ 14 __ Tamiflu for childre n from the n ati onalstockpile and bega n __ 15 __ orders from the states for the new swi ne fluvacci ne. The new vacci ne, which is differe nt from the annual flu vacc in e, is 16 a head of expectati ons. More tha n three milli on doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those ____________________________ 17__ dose were of the FluMist n asal spray type, which is not ___ 18 ___ for preg nant wome n,people over 50 or those with breath ing difficulties, heart disease or several other 19__. But it was still possible to vacc in ate people in other high-riskgroup , health care workers, people ___ 20 ___ infants and healthy young people.1. [A]criticized [B]appoi nted [C]comme nted [D]desig nated2. [A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted3. [A]digits [B]n umbers [C]amou nts [D]sums4. [A]moderate [B]no rmal [C] unu sual [D]extreme5. [A]with [B]i n [C]from [D]by6. [A]progress [B]abse nee [C]prese nee [D]favor7. [A]reality [B]phe nomenon [C]c on eept [D ]no tiee8. [A]over [B]for [C]amo ng [D]to9. [A]stay up [B]erop up [C]fill up [D]eover up10. [A]as [B]if [C]u nless [D]u ntil11. [A]exeessive [B]e no rmous [C]sig nifica nt [D]mag nifice nt12. [A]eategories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples13. [A]imparted [B]immersed [C]injeeted [D]i nfected14. [A]released 回relayed [C]relieved [D]remai ned15. [A]plaei ng [B]deliveri ng [C]taki ng [D]givi ng16. [A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applieable17. [A]prevale nt [B]pri ncipal [C]i nno vative [D]i nitial18. [A]prese nted [B]restrieted [C]reeomme nded [D]i ntroduced19. [A]problems [B]issues [C]ago nies [D]sufferi ngs20. [A]i nvo Ived in [B]eari ng for [C]e oncerned with [D]wardi ng offSeetion n Reading eomprehensionPart ADirections:Read the follow ing four passages. An swer the questi ons below each passage by choos ing A, B, C and D. Mark your an swers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 poi nts) Text1The Ion gest bull run in a cen tury of art-market history ended on a dramatic n ote with a sale of 56 works by Damie n Hirst, “ Beautiful In side My Head Forever ”, at Sotheby ' s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetchi ng more tha n 帝0m, a record for a sale by a sin gle artist.It was a last hurrah. As the aucti on eer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehma n Brothers, filed for ban kruptcy.The world art market had already bee n los ing mome ntum for a while after risi ng vertig ino usly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billio n, reck ons Clare McAn drew, foun der of Arts Econo mics, a research firm —double the figure five years earlier. Since the n it may have come dow n to $50 billio n.But the market gen erates in terest far bey ond its size because it brings together great wealth, eno rmous egos, greed, passi on and con troversy in a way matched by few other in dustries. MBA 加油站In the weeks and mon ths that followed Mr Hirst ' s sale, spe nding of any sort became deeply un fashi on able, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coin cided with the loss of thousa nds of jobs and the finan cial demise of many art-bu ying inv estors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of con temporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector —for Chin ese con temporary art —they were dow n by n early 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world ' s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby ' s and Christie ' s, had to pay out n early $200m in guara ntees to clie nts who had placed works for sale with them.The curre nt dow ntur n in the art market is the worst sincethe Japa nese stopped buying Impressi oni sts at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious con tract ion in the market since the sec ond world war. This time experts reck on that prices are about 40% dow n on their peak on average, though some have bee n far more volatile. But Edward Dolma n, Christie ' s chief executive, says:“I' m pretty con fide nt we ' re at the bottom. ”What makes this slump differe nt from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, whe n in terest rates were high, there was no dema nd eve n though many collectors wan ted to sell. Christie ' s reve nues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006.Almost every one who was in terviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the mome nt is not a lack of dema nd but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds —death, debt and divorce —still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keep ing away, wait ing for con fide nee to retur n.21.ln the first paragraph,Damie n Hirst's sale was referred to as “ a last victory ” because ___ -.A. the art market hadwit nessed a successi on of victoryiesB. the auct ion eer fin ally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful In side My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world finan cial crisis22. By say ing “ spe nding of any sort became deeply un fashi on able ”(Line1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that ___ .A . collectors were no Ion ger actively invo Ived in art-market aucti onsB .people stopped every ki nd of spe nding and stayed away from galleriesC.art collect ion as a fashi on had lost its appeal to a great exte ntD .works of art in gen eral had gone out of fashi on so they were not worthbuyi ng23. Which of the follow ing stateme nts is NOT ture?A .Sales of con temporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other in dustries in mome ntum.C. The market gen erally went dow nward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were await ing better cha nces to come.24. The three Ds men ti oned in the last paragraph are __A. auct ion houses ' favoritesB. c on temporary trendsC. factors promot ing artwork circulati onD. styles represe nting impressio nists25. ________________________________________ The most appropriate titlefor this text could be __________________________A. FIuctuatio n of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art Auctio nsC. Art Market in Decli neD. Shifted In terest in ArtsText2I was address ing a small gatheri ng in a suburba n Virg inialiv ing room -- a wome n's group that had in vited men to join them. Throughout the eve ning one man had bee n particularly talkative freque ntly offeri ng ideas and an ecdotes while his wife sat sile ntly beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the eve ning I comme nted that wome n freque ntly compla in that their husba nds don't talk to them. This man quickly con curred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he expla in ed. "Whe n I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she did n't keep the con versati on going we'd spe nd the whole eve ning in sile nee."This episode crystallizes the irony that although America n men tend to talk more tha n wome n in public situati ons they ofte n talk less at home. And this pattern is wreak ing havoc with marriage.The patter n was observed by political scie ntist An drew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catheri ne Kohler Riessma n reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the wome n she in terviewed -- but on ly a few of the men -gave lack of com muni catio n as the reas on for their divorces. Give n the curre nt divorce rate of n early 50 perce nt that amounts to milli ons of cases in the Un ited States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conv ersati on.In my own research compla ints from wome n about their husba nds most ofte n focused not on tan gible in equities such as hav ing give n up the cha nee for a career to accompa ny a husba nd to his or doing far more tha n their share of daily life-support work like clea ning cook ing social arran geme nts and erran ds. In stead they focused on com muni cati on: "He does n't liste n to me" "He does n't talk to me."I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husba nds to be first and foremost conv ersatio nal part ners but few husba nds share this expectati on of their wives.In short the image that best represe nts the curre nt crisis is the stereotypical carto on sce ne of a man sitt ing at the breakfast table with a n ewspaper held up in front of his face while a woma n glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectati on of their husba nds?A. Talki ng to them.B. Trusti ng them.C. Support ing their careers.D. Shsri ng housework.27. Judg ing from the con text ,the phrase“wreaking havoc ”(Line3,Para.2)most probably means __ .A gen erati ng motivati on.B. exert ing in flue neeC. caus ing damageDcreat ing pressure28. AII of the followi ng are true EXCEPT ____A. me n tend to talk more in public tan wome nB. n early 50perce nt of rece nt divorces are caused by failed con versati onC. wome n attach much importa nee to com muni cati on betwee n couples Dafemale tends to be more talkative at home tha n her spouse29. Which of the followi ng can best summarize the mia n idea of this textA. The moral decay ing deserves more research by sociologists .B. Marriage break_up stems from sex in equalities.C. Husba nd and wofe have differe nt expectati ons from their marriage.D. Conv ersati onal patter ns betwee n man and wife are differe nt.3O.ln the followi ng part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid acco unt of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed descripti on of the stereotypical carto onC. other possible reas ons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief in troduct ion to the political scie ntist An drew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many compa nies had perfected the art of creat ing automatic behaviors —— habits —— among con sumers. These habits have helped compa nies earn billio ns of dollars whe n customers eat sn acks, apply lotio ns and wipe coun ters almost without thi nking, ofte n in resp onse to a carefully desig ned set of daily cues.“ There are fun dame ntal public health problems, like hand wash ing with soap, that rema in killers only because we can ' t figure out how to cha nge people ' s habits, ” Dr. Curtis said. “ We wan ted to lear n from private industryh ow to create new behaviors that happe n automatically. ”The compa nies that Dr. Curtis tur ned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Un ilever —had in vested hun dreds of millio ns of dollars finding the subtle cues in con sumers ' lives that corporati ons could use to in troduce new routi nes.If you look hard eno ugh, you 'll find that many of theproducts we use every day —chew ing gums, ski n moisturizers, disi nfecti ng wipes, air freshe ners, waterpurifiers, health sn acks, an tiperspira nts, colog nes, teeth white ners, fabric softe ners, vitami ns —are results of manu factured habits. A cen tury ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertis ing and public health campaig ns, many America ns habitually give their pearlywhites a cavity-preve nti ng scrub twice a day, ofte n with Colgate, Crest or one of the other bran ds.A few decades ago, many people did n ' drink water outside of a meal. Thenbeverage compa nies started bottli ng the producti on of far-off spri ngs,a nd now office workers unthinkin gly sip bottled water all day long. Chew ing gum, once boughtprimarily by adolesce nt boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshe ner and teeth clea nser for use after a meal. Sk in moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in betwee n hair brush ing and putt ing on makeup.“ Our products succeed whe n they become part of daily or weekly patter ns, ”said Carol Berning, a con sumer psychologist who rece ntly retired from Procter &Gamble, the compa ny that sold $76 billi on of Tide, Crest and other products last year.“ Creat ing positive habits is a huge part of impro ving our consumers ' lives, and it ' s essential to making new products commercially viab le. ”Through experime nts and observati on, social scie ntists like Dr. Berning have lear ned that there is power in tying certa inbehaviors to habitual cues through rele ntless advertis ing. As this new scie nee of habit has emerged, con troversies have erupted whe n the tactics have bee n used to sell questi on able beauty creams or un healthy foods.31. _____________________________________________________ Accord ingto Dr.Curtis,habits like hand wash ing with soap __________________ .[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be cha nged gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water,chew ing gun and skin moisturizers are men ti oned in Paragraph 5 so as to ___[A] reveal their impact on people ' habits[B] show the urge nt n eed of daily n ecessities[C] indicate their effect on people ' buying power[D] ma ni fest the sig nifica nt role of good habits33. which of the followi ng does NOT bel ong to products that help createpeople ' s habits?[A] Tide[B] Crest[C] Colgate[D] U nilver34. From the text wekonw that some of consumer ' s habits are developed due to ____[A] perfected art of products[B] automatic behavior creati on[C] commercial promoti ons[D] scie ntific experime nts35. _____ the author ' sattitude toward the in flue nee of advertiseme nt onpeople s habits is[A] i ndiffere nt[B] n egative[C] positive[D] biasedText4Many America ns regard the jury system as a con crete expressi on of crucial democratic values, in cludi ng the prin ciples that all citize ns who meet mini mal qualificati ons of age and literacy are equally compete nt to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected ran domly from a represe ntative cross secti on of the com mun ity; that no citize n should be denied the right to serve on a jury on acco unt of race, religi on, sex, or n atio nal orig in; that defe ndants are en titled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represe nt the con scie nee of the com mun ity and n ot just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surv iving example of direct rather tha n represe ntative democracy .In a direct democracy, citize ns take turns gover ning themselves, rather tha n elect ing represe ntatives to gover n for them.But as rece ntly as in 1986, jury selecti on procedures con flicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to pers ons of supposedly superior in tellige nee, educati on, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the Un ited States had prohibited inten ti onal racial discrimi natio n in jury selectio n as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virgi nia,the practiceof select ing so-called elite or blue-ribb on juries provided a convenient way around this and other an tidiscrim in ati on laws.The system also failed to regularly in clude wome n on juries un til the mid-20th cen tury. Although wome n first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not un til the 1940s that a majority of states made wome n eligible for jury duty. Eve n the n several states automatically exempted wome n from jury duty uni ess they pers on lly asked to have their n ames in cluded on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that wome n were n eeded at home, and it kept juries un represe ntative of wome n through the 1960s.In 1968, the Con gress of the Un ited States passed the Jury Selecti on and Service Act, usheri ng in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educati onal requireme nts for federal jurors and required them to be selected at ran dom from a cross secti on of the en tire com mun ity .In the Ian dmark 1975 decisi on Taylor v. Louisia na, the Supreme Court exte nded the requireme nt that juries be represe ntative of all parts of the com mun ity to the state level. The Taylor decisi on also declared sex discrimi natio n in jury selecti on to be uncon stituti onal and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecti ng male and female jurors.36. From the prin ciples of theUS jury system,welearn that ____[A] both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B] defe ndants are immune from trial by their peers[C] no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D] judgme nt should con sider the opinion of the public37. The practice of select ing so —called elite jurors prior to 1968showed _____[A] the in adcquavy of an tidiscrim in ati on laws[B] the prevale nt discrimi natio n aga inst certa in races[C] the con flict ing ideals in jury selectio n procedures38. Eve n in the 1960s,wome n were seldom on the jury list in some states because ____[A] they were automatically banned by state laws[B] they fell far short of the required qualificati ons[C] they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D] they ten ded to evade public en gageme nt39. After the Jury Select ion and Service Act was passed. _[A] sex discrimi natio n in jury selecti on was uncon stituti onal and had to be abolished[B] educati onal requireme nts became less rigid in the selecti on of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be represe ntative of the en tire com mun ity[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reformi ng the jury system4O.i n discuss ing the US jury system,the text cen ters on ____[A] its n ature and problems[B] its characteristics and traditi on[C] its problems and their soluti ons[D] its traditi on and developme ntSection 川Translation46. Directio ns:In this secti on there is a text in En glish .Tra nslate it into Chin ese. Write your tran slatio n on ANSWER SHEET2.(15poi nts)“ Suata in ability ” has become apopular word these days,but to Ted Ning, the con cept will always have pers onal meaning. Having en dured apa inful period of un susta in ability in his own life made itclear to him that susta in ability-orie nted values must be expressed though everyday acti on and choice.Ning recalls spe nding aconfusing year in the late 1990s selli ng in sura nee.He ' d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder age ncy.It did in ' t go well. “ It was a really had move because that ' s not my passion, ”says Ning, whose dilemma about the job transla ted, predictably, into a lack of sales. “ I was miserable, I had so much an xiety that I would wake up in the middle of the ni ght and stare at the ceili ng. I had no money and n eeded the job. Every one said, ‘ Just wait, you ' ll trun the corner, give it some time. '”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题（5）2018考研，真题是最有价值的参考复习资料，对于2018工商管理硕士考研的同学来说，大家一定要把真题多做几遍，这样才能够更好地理解出题的方向和模式，从而有助于自己合理的规划和安排自己的复习计划。

下面是文编和考生分享的关于考研管理类联考的英语试题，供考生们参考!Section I Vocabulary (10 points)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.1.In some countries girls are still_____of a good education。

A deniedB declinedC denvedD deprived2. As the years passed，the memories of her childhood______away。

A fadedB disappearedC flashedD fired3. Brierley’s book has the________ of being both informative and readable。

A inspirationB requirementsC mythD merit4.If I have any comments to make，I’ll write them in the ______of the book I’m readingA edgeB pageC marginD side5. My________would really trouble me if I wore a fur coat。

2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题（7）2018考研，真题是最有价值的参考复习资料，对于2018工商管理硕士考研的同学来说，大家一定要把真题多做几遍，这样才能够更好地理解出题的方向和模式，从而有助于自己合理的规划和安排自己的复习计划。

下面是小编和考生分享的关于考研管理类联考的英语试题，供考生们参考!Part I Vocabulary and Structure (10%)Direction: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.1. The poor lady was too and distressed to talk about the tragedy.A. engagedB. exhaustedC. ignorantD. energetic2. At fist , the famous painting doesn’t impress the audience at all.A. glanceB. gazeC. stareD. view3. Delegates agree to the plan in , but there were some details they didn’t approve.A. disciplineB. theoryC. principleD. nature4. I took the medicine 10minutes ago, but the bitterness is still in my mouth.A. scatteringB. fellingC. maintainingD. lingering5. Since the of human history, human beings have been asking questions like "What is the essence of life."A. duskB. dustC. twinkle C. Dawn6. The eldest son all the family members to discuss how to celebrate the 50th weddinganniversary of their parents.A. ClusteredB. resembledC. assembledD. rendered7. I must leave now, ,if you want that book I’LL bring it you tomorrow .A. AccidentallyB. IncidentallyC. OccasionallyD. Subsequently8. My mother is a light sleeper, to any sound even as low as the humming of mosquito.A. alertB. acuteC. keenD. immune9. The newly built factory is in urgent need of a number of skilled and workers.A. consistentB. consciousC. confidentialD. conscientious10. As an outstanding scholar, he has become to the research team.A. seniorB. juniorC. indispensible C. independent11. Sixteen days after the earthquake, 40people, in their village, were rescued.A. trappedB. confinedC. enclosedD. captured12. Working far away from home, Jerry had to from downtown to his office everyday.A. wanderB. commuteC. rambleD. motion13. The finance minister has not been so since he raised taxes to an unbearable level.A. famousB. favorableC. popularD. preferable14. It is unimaginable for someone in such a high in the govemment to behave so badly in public.A. situationB. positionC. professionD. appointment15. Information given to employees must be , clear and in easy-to-follow language.A.convenientB.continuousC.constantD.concise16. John was very upset because he was by the police with breaking the law.A. sentencedB. arrestedC. accusedD. charged17. David likes country life and has decided farming.A. go in forB. go back onC. go along withD. go through with18. Jennifer has never really her son’s death. It’s very hard to accept the face that she’llnever have a child.A. come to terms withB. come up againstC. come out withD. come down to19. A national debate is now about whether we should replace golden weeks with paidVacations.A. in the wayB. by the wayC. under wayD. out of the way20. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects peopleand asks them questions.A. at easeB. at randomB. in essence D. in sumIn1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had 21 the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge 22 from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and India to widespread 23 in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria’s delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have 24 the economic and political map of the world, 25 some old notions of power.Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, 26 major importers—including chinaand India, home to a third of the world’s population-- 27 rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central 28 of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to 29 scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, 30 how unpleasant, to do it .In many poor nations with oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption, 31 these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments, 32 some in the west see as a new threat.Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil 33, a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, 34 costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany.35 it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia 36 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose 37 higher in the spring of 2008,the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama 38 for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to 39 ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems 40 the country reported a sharp increase in riders.21. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D. instability24. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatening26. A. and B. while C. thus D. though27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront28. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of31. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating32. A. what B. that C. which D. whom33. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues34. A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D. as well as35. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As36. A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplied37. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly38. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding39. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform40. A. for B. from C. across D. overPart III Reading Comprehension (40%)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.PASSAGE1.Henric Ibsen ,author of the play"A Doll’s House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandonsHer husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.. From January Ist ,2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors arewomen. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or socompanies it affects are still too male for the government’s liking. They will shortly receive a letterinforming them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences---whichcould include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female , according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America’s 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway’s stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck , head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,"be says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has beenDifficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegiancompanies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and thatIn turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen , who was voted Norway’s chairman of the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."41. The author mentions Ibsen’s play in the first paragraph in order to .A. depict women’s dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to .A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44.The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to .A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be .A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsen’s playC. women’s status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayPASSAGE2.While there’s never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she’s discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healing addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn’t funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her ( Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru ), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancer road trips," she calls them).She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin my party," she writes. " Thereare just too many cool things to do and plan and live for."Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you’re not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor’s "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. " people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3 ) probably refers to ________A. a cancer research organizationB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________A. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carr’s cancer tips we may infer that ________A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsPASSAGE3。

2018年考研管理类联考试题及参考答案参考答案：56.论证有效性分析：分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞。

选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。

（论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致。

有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等等。

）哈佛大学教授本杰明?史华慈（Benjamin L Schwartz）在二十世纪末指出，开始席卷一切的物质主义潮流将极大地冲击人类社会固有的价值观念，造成人类精神世界的空虚，这一论点值得商榷。

首先，按照唯物主义物质决定精神的基本原理，精神是物质在人类头脑中的反映。

因此，物质丰富只会充实精神世界，物质主义潮流不可能造成人类精神世界的空虚。

其次，后物质主义理论认为：个人基本的物质生活条件一旦得到满足，就会把注意点转移到非物质方面。

物质生活丰裕的人，往往会更注重精神生活，追求社会公平，个人尊严等等。

还有，最近一项对某高校大学生的抽样调查表明，有69%的人认为物质生活丰富可以丰富人的精神生活，有22%的人认为物质生活和精神生活没有什么关系，只有9%的人认为物质生活丰富反而会降低人的精神追求。

总之，物质决定精神，社会物质生活水平的提高会促进人类精神世界的发展，担心物质生活的丰富会冲击人类的精神世界，这是杞人忧天罢了。

【论证有效性分析解析】材料论述“物质丰富只会充实精神世界，物质主义潮流不可能造成人类精神世界的空虚”，这是欠妥当的。

物质对精神世界有影响，但是其影响结果极可能是积极的充实也可能是消极的影响，所以其推理不当假设了物质对精神的影响都是积极的充实的影响，日常事实告诉我们存在不少物质过度富足的群体其精神世界反而是极度匮乏的。

故上述结论不足信。

此处论述有“不当假设”之嫌。

材料中的后物质主义理论认为：个人基本的物质生活条件一旦得到满足，就会把注意点转移到非物质方面，这是欠妥当的。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案解析1.【答案】[A]【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网上的负面评论，并做一些明显会让人伤心的事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。

[A]解决；[B]保护；[C]讨论；[D]忽视。

根据语境可知[A]项。

2.【答案】[C]【解析】本题考查动介词搭配。

句意：人们会___满足自己的好奇心。

[A]拒绝；[B]等待；[C]寻求，力求；[D]后悔。

结合空格前三句及选项释义可知，[C]项符合文义。

3.【答案】[D]【解析】句意：新的研究发现，人们想要知道的欲望十分强烈，即使答案明显会_____，人们也会去满足自己的好奇心。

[A]提高，增长；[B]持续；[C]误导，使误信；[D]使伤心，感到疼痛。

根据语境及转折副词even可推知，此处应选[D]项。

4.【答案】[C]【解析】本题考查固定搭配。

句意：在连续的四项实验中，芝加哥大学和威斯康星商学院的行为科学家测试了学生是否会为了满足好奇心而愿意让他们自己_____不愉快的刺激。

expose sb./oneself to sth.是固定搭配，意为“使面临，使遭受”，符合语境。

故选[C]项。

5.【答案】[B]【解析】根据文章第二段句首In a series of four experiments及该句后半部分a previous experiment可推知，该空处所缺词应为“实验”之意。

[A]信息；[B]实验；[C]复习；[D]观念。

故选[B]项。

6.【答案】[C]【解析】动宾搭配。

结合语境，“当点击的时候，一半的钢笔会____电流。

”根据动宾搭配，本题需要一个动词来搭配电流。

[A]移除；[B]削弱；[C]传递；[D]打扰。

[A]项符合语境。

7.【答案】[D]【解析】考查时间状语。

句意：___被独自留在房间，学生会……”,这是一个非常明显的时间状语从句。

选[D]项。

8.【答案】[A]【解析】动词辨析。