African American(GRE阅读练习材料)

1.19Sec.11.Among the M people of DNG,legends are associated with specific S region,andthese legends are________；only the cave owner can share its secretsA.impenetrableB.immutableC.proprietaryD.didacticE.self-perpetuating2.It is paradox of the V ictorims that they were both_____________and,through their empire, cosmopolitanA.capriciousB.insularC.mercenaryD.idealisticE.intransigent3.Despite the scathing precision with which she satirizes the lives of social aspirants and moneyed folk,the writer appears to______being part of the world she presents as so________A.abhor D.unattainableB.relish E.insufferableC.evoke F.enchanting4.The contemporary trend whereby fashion designers flout mainstream tradition is unique only in its___earlier fashion designers experience the same____impulse,albeit in a less extreme form.A.subversiveness D.indiscriminateB.intensity E.iconoclasticC.culpability F.temperate5.Memory-prompt technology such as online birthday remainders does more than enhance our recall abilities;it induce us to____over more behaviors to automated processes.Witness the____ a program that allows us to create computer greeting cards for the entire year in one sitting.A.delegate D.controversy overB.ascribe E.popularity ofC.liken F.sophistication of6.Biologists have little_____drawing the link between the success of humanity and human____. Indeed,many biologists claim that this attributes,the ability to____or to put it more sharply,to make individuals subordinate their self-interest to the needs of the group,lies at the root of human achievement.A.consensus regarding D.resilience G.reflectpunction about E.sociability municateC.justification for F.uniqueness I.CooperateMany cultural anthropologists have come to reject the scientific framework of empiricism that dominated the field until the1970s and now regard all scientific knowledge as sociality constructed.They argue that information about culture during the empiricist era typically came from anthropologist who brought with them a prepacked set of conscious and unconscious biases. Cultural anthropology,according to the post-1970s critique,is unavoidably subjective,and the anthropologist should be explicit in acknowledging that fact.Anthropology should stop striving to build a better database about cultural behavior and should turn to developing a more humanistic interpretation of cultures.The new frame work holds that it may be more enlightening to investigate the biases of earlier texts than to continue with empirical methodologies.7.The author implies which of the following about most cultural anthropologists working prior to the1979?C.They regarded scientific knowledge as consisting of empirical truths8.According to the passage,“many cultural anthropologists”today would agree that anthropologists shouldD.turn to examining older anthropological texts for unacknowledged biases.Despite winning several prestigious literary awards of the day,when it first appeared,Alice Walker’s The Color Purple generated critical unease over puzzling aspects of its compositions.In what,as one reviewer put it,was“clearly intended to be a realistic novel,”many reviewers perceived violations of the conventions of the realistic novel form,pointing out variously that late in the book,the narrator protagonist Celie and her friends are propelled toward a happy ending with more velocity than credibility,that the letters from Nettie to her sister Celie intrude into the middle of the main action with little motivation or warrant,and that the device of Celie’s letters to God is especially unrealistic inasmuch as it forgoes the concretizing details that traditionally have given the epistolary novel(that is,a novel composed of letters)its peculiar verisimilitude:the ruses to enable mailing letters,the cache,and especially the letters received in return.Indeed,the violations of realistic convention are so flagrant that they might well call into question whether The Color of Purple is indeed intended to be a realistic novel,especially since there are indications that at least some of those aspects of the novel regarded by viewers as puzzling may constitutes its links to modes of writing other than Anglo-European nineteenth-century realism.For example,Henry Louis Gates,Jr.,has recently located the letters to God within an African American tradition deriving from slave narrative,a tradition in which the act of writing is linked to a powerful deity who“speaks”through scripture and bestows literacy as an act of grace.For Gates,the concern with finding a voice,which he sees as the defining feature of African American literature,links Celie’s letters with certain narrative aspects of Zora Neale Hurston’s1937novel Their Eyes W ere W atching God,the acknowledged predecessor of The Color Purple.Gates’s paradigm suggests how misleading it may be to assume that mainstream realist criteria are appropriate for evaluating The Color Purple.But in his preoccupation with voice as a primary element unifying both the speaking subject and the text as a whole Gates does not elucidate manyof the more conventional structural features of Walker’s novel.For instance,while the letters from Nettie clearly illustrate Nettie’s acquisition of her own voice,Gates’s focus on“voice”sheds little light on the place that these letters occupy in the narrative or on why the plot takes this sudden jump into geographically and culturally removed surroundings.What is needed is an evaluative paradigm that,rather than obscuring such startling structural features(which may actually be explicitly intended to undermine traditional Anglo-European novelistic conventions),confronts them,thus illuminating the deliberately provocative ways in which The Color Purple departs from the traditional models to which it has been compared.9.The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the letters from Nettie to Celie?A.They mark an unintended shift to geographically and culturally removed surroundingsB.They may represent a conscious attempt to undermine certain novelistic conventionsC.They are more closely connected to the main action of the novel than is at first apparentD.They owe more to the tradition of the slave narrative than do Celie’s letters to GodE.They illustrate the traditional concretizing details of the epistolary novel form10.In the second paragraph,the author of the passage is primarily concerned withA.examining the ways in which The Color Purple echoes its acknowledged predecessor,Their Eyes W ere W atching GodB.providing an example of a critic who has adequately addressed the structural features of The Color PurpleC.suggesting that literary models other than the nineteenth-century realistic novel may inform our understanding of The Color PurpleD.demonstrating the ineffectiveness of a particularly scholarly attempt to suggest an alternative way of evaluating The Color PurpleE.disputing the perceived notion that The Color Purple departs from conventions of the realistic novel form11.According to the passage,an evaluative paradigm that confronts the startling structural features of The Color Purple would accomplish which of the following?A.It would adequately explain why many reviewers of this novel have discerned its connections to the realistic novel traditionB.It would show the ways in which this novel differs from its reputed Anglo-European nineteenth-century modelsC.It would explicate the overarching role of voice in this novelD.It would address the ways in which this novel echoes the central themes of Hurston’s Their Eyes Are W atching GodE.It would reveals ways in which these structural features serve to parody novelistic conventions12.The author of the passage suggests that Gates is most like the reviewers mentioned in the first paragraph in which of the following ways?A.He points out discrepancies between The Color Purple and other traditional epistolary novelsB.He sees the concern with finding a voice as central to both The Color Purple and Their EyesAre W atching GodC.He assumes that The Color Purple is intended to be a novel primarily in the tradition of Anglo-American nineteenth-century realismD.He does not address many of the unsettling structural features of The Color PurpleE.He recognizes the departure of The Color Purple from traditional Anglo-European realistic novel conventions.13.Progressive and reactionary populist movements are not necessarily_____________;each may and usually does,possess features of the other.A.dichotomiesB.untenableC.unsustainableD.contradictoryE.subversiveF.efficacious14.Flawed as it may be because it is conducted by subjective scientists,science itself has methods that help us_____our biases and talk about objective reality with some validityA.bypassB.reduceC.exacerbateD.magnifyE.acknowledgeF.circumvent15.In Japanese aesthetics,especially but not only in MH,beauty contains the idea of ___________;beauty must have an air of evanescence,the intimation of its own demiseA.transienceB.symmetryC.decayD.simplicityE.balanceF deterioration16.Although one can adduce myriad of examples of ecosystem disruption by nonindigenous species,nevertheless most introduced species that survive in fact appear to have quite_ ____effects on the ecosystem they have invadedA.minimalB.triflingC.markedD.conspicuousE.intriguingF.deleterious(The Great Sphinx is a huge statue in Egypt….In over10000years胡夫是2600B.C的腿是1万年前的)脸非胡夫17.削弱：E.The face of the Sphinx is small relative to the rest of the head,indicating that the face may have been recarved long after the Sphinx was builtAs of the late1980’s,neither theorists nor large-scale computer climate models could accurately predict whether cloud systems would help or hurt a warming globe.Some studies suggested that a four percent increase in stratocumulus clouds over the ocean could compensate for a doubling in atmospheric carbon dioxide,preventing a potentially disastrous planetwide temperature increase. On the other hand,an increase in cirrus clouds could increase global warming.That clouds represented the weakest element in climate models was illustrated by a study of fourteen such paring climate forecasts for a world with double the current amount of carbon dioxide,researchers found that the models agreed quite well if clouds were not included. But when clouds were incorporated,a wide range of forecasts was produced.With such discrepancies plaguing the models,scientists could not easily predict how quickly the world’s climate would change,nor could they tell which regions would face dustier droughts or deadlier monsoons.18.The author of the passage is primarily concerned withA.confirming a theoryB.supporting a statementC.presenting new informationD.predicting future discoveriesE.reconciling discrepant findings19.It can be inferred that one reason the14models described in the passage failed to agree was thatA.they failed to incorporate the most up-to-date information about the effect of clouds on climateB.they were based on faulty information about factors other than clouds that affect climateC.they were based on different assumptions about the overall effects of clouds on climateD.their originators disagreed about the kinds of forecasts the models should provideE.their originators disagreed about the factors other than clouds that should be included in the models20.The information in the passage suggests that scientists would have to answer which of the following questions in order to predict the effect of clouds on the warming of the globe?A.What kinds of cloud systems will form over the Earth?B.How can cloud systems be encouraged to form over the ocean?C.What are the causes of the projected planetwide temperature increase?D.What proportion of cloud systems are currently composed of cirrus of clouds?E.What proportion of the clouds in the atmosphere form over land masses?21.It can be inferred that the primary purpose of the models included in the study discussed in the second paragraph of the passage was to(A)predict future changes in the world’s climate(B)predict the effects of cloud systems on the world’s climate(C)find a way to prevent a disastrous planetwide temperature increase(D)assess the percentage of the Earth’s surface covered by cloud systems(E)estimate by how much the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere will increaseSec.21.Apparently,advanced tortoises evolved multiple times:the high-domed shells and columnar, elephantine feet of forms are specializations for terrestrial life that evolved____on each continent.A.independentlyB.interchangeablyC.paradoxicallyD.simultaneouslyE.symmetrically2.Instead of demonstrating the____of archaeological applications of electronic remote sensing, the pioneering study became,to some skeptics,an illustration of the imprudence of interpreting sites based on virtual archaeology.A.ubiquityB.limitationC.promiseD.redundancyplexity3.Given the___the committees and the____nature of its investigation,it would be unreasonable to gainsay the committee’s conclusions at first glance.A.sterling reputation of D.superficialck of finding of E.spontaneousC.ad hoc existence of F.exhaustive4.Though many professional book reviewers would agree that criticism should be_____enterprise,a tendency to write____reviews has risen;partly out of the mistaken belief that sharing personal details will help reviewers stand out of the pack.A.anonymous D.scathingB.an evenhanded E.confessionalC.a spirited F.superficial5.Scientific papers often____what actually happened in the course of the investigations they describe.Misunderstandings,blind alleys,and mistakes of various sorts will fail to appear in the final written accounts because____is a desirable attribute when transmitting results in a scientificreport and served by____.A.amplify D.transparency G.a comprehensive historical accountB.misrepresent E.efficiency H.a purely quantitative analysisC.particularize F.exhaustiveness I.an overly superficial discussion6.Analysis of475-million-year-old fossils from Pakistan has yielded fresh insights into the early ancestors of modern whales.For example,M I was a land animal----life in the sea.One M.Innus fossil encased a fetus positioned for a head-first delivery which is typical of a land mammal and suggests the species gave birth onshore.But it probably spent much of its time___:its big teeth were suited for catching fish,while its flipper-like feet must have been__walking.A.resistant D.in the water G.incompatible withB.removed from E.fleeing from predators H.clumsy forC.adapted to F.protecting its young I.strengthened byThe editors of the essay collection RB tells us repeatedly that biography is an invention of the Romantic period in British literature(late eighteen and nineteen centauries),yet we are never shown that processes of invention in motion.H,the most prominent example of the Romantic biographer,is almost invisible.The Romantic period was not just the period in which biography was invented---or,rather,the period in which some of its informing principles were invented, since biography could just as easily be said to have originated in the scandalous memoirs that formed part of the pre-Romantic culture of the novel.It was also the period in which biography, through its sheer ubiquity,became an object of major ideological significance within British culture.7.The passage mentions the“scandalous memoirs”that were written prior to the Romantic period primarily in order toA.indicate an alternative account of the origins of biography8.According to the passage,biography attained great significance within British culture during the Romantic period because biographiesC.were so widespread in Britain at the time(Our study revealed that nest-guarding long-tailed….even if the nest may have already been preyed upon)skinksS离家近+S回家更成功Reason1:S离家太远→S回不了家转：R1错↑无论多远都有S能找到家Reason2:trade-off代价小→花能量回家远→花能量多回家远→蛋被吃←snake蛋多→更多回家9.The primary purpose of the passage is toB.consider explanation for a finding regarding long-tailed skinks10.The claim in the highlighted sentence assumes which of the following about the individuals that managed to find their way home from each distance?D.They did not possess better homing skills than did the other long-tailed skinks studied11.The“second possibility”implies which of the following as a possible explanations for the female long-tailed skinks that failed to home from distances over50meters?A.They had relatively small churches12.The C.P archaeological site was initially interpreted as indicative of_____society,since it was thought to have been sat the center of a cluster of smaller,contemporary settlements that itpresumably controlled.A.an expansionistB.a hierarchicalC.an urbanD.heterogeneousE.a diverseF.stratified12.The CP archaeological site was initially interpreted as indicative of_____society,since it was thought to have been at the center of a Chester of smaller,contemporary settlements that it presumably controlled.A.an expansionistB.a hierarchicalC an urbanD.heterogeneousE.a diverseF.stratified13.Even if the story now seems a surprisingly innocuous overture to the author’s later,more fully developed narrations,it____some of the key traits of those bleaker tales.A.avoidsB.beliesC.undercutsD.anticipatesE.possessesF prefigures14.In the absence of a surface gradient.The new laws of refraction and refraction are theconventional law,so they represent more of an extension than a completeA.inferable fromB.entailed byC.antithetical toD.coincident toE.antecedent toF.oppositional to15.While recognizes that recent reports of cyberwarfare-phone-hacking scandals,and identity thefts have tended to accent the destruction connotation of the world.Sye.H maintains that”Hacking”is such term that is meaning nearly always derives from its context.A.a genericB.an inclusiveC.positiveD.subjectiveE.affirmativeF.technical(stylistic evidence….Reached the Americas)画里有犰狳+VE活的时候欧洲没有犰狳↓画不是VE画的16.In the argument given,the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles?C.The first presents the main conclusion of the argument;the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion.[From1910to1913,….opposition from anti-suffragists]女人游街（男人游→solidarity）↓↓solidarity~social order social order游街不女人Scholars:让步——游街→social changeScholars转：L:游街——双刃剑↑PC+opposition17.It can be inferred from the passage that men’s and women’s parades were similar in that bothE were intended by their participants as public declarations of solidarity18.The passage suggests which of the following about proponents of the“rules of social order”D.They believed that it was unfeminine for women to march in suffrage parades.[Some attine ants carry…….ant hosts]Ants抗植被→种花园→产蘑菇吃Ants:active→（看似）蚂蚁控制蘑菇转：1.共生久→cultivar traits→benefit蘑菇2.很多微生物产生机理→控制共生动物1+2↓很可能蘑菇控制蚂蚁19.The passage points out which of the following in order to explain the appeal of the notion that some attine ants cultivate and control fungus?A.The ants play the behaviorally active roles in the symbiotic relationship20.In the context in which it appears,the word“manipulate”most nearly means.E.outmaneuver答案：S1S21C1A2B2C3BE3CF4BE4AE5AF5BEG6BEI6CDH9B12BF10C13DF11B14AB12E15AB13AD14AF15CF16AB18B19C20A21A。

GRE考试《阅读理解》练习题及答案(20)GRE阅读题目解析:云对地球暖化效应的作用P40As of late 1980s, neither theorists nor large-scale computer climate models could accurately predict whether cloud systems would help or hurt a warming gl obe. Some studies suggested that a four percent increase in stratocumulus cloud s over the ocean could compensate for a doubling in atmospheric carbon dioxide, preventing a potentially disastrous planet-wide temperature increase. On the o ther hand, an increase in cirrus clouds could increase global warming.That clouds represented the weakest element in climate models was illustrat ed by a study of fourteen such models. Comparing climate forecasts for a world with double the current amount of carbon dioxide, researchers found that the mo dels agreed quite well if clouds were not included. But when clouds were incorp orated, a wide range of forecasts was produced. With such discrepancies plaguin g the models, scientists could not easily predict how quickly the world’s clim ate would change, nor could they tell which regions would face dustier droughts or deadlier monsoons.1. The author of the passage is primarily concerned withA. confirming a theoryB. supporting a statementC. presenting new informationD. predicting future discoveriesE. comparing points of view2. It can be inferred that one reason the fourteen models described in the passage failed to agree was thatA. they failed to incorporate the most up-to-date information about the eff ect of clouds on climateB. they were based on faulty information about factors other than clouds th at affect climateC. they were based on different assumptions about the overall effects of cl ouds on climateD. their originators disagreed about the kinds of forecasts the models shou ld provideE. their originators disagreed about the factors other than clouds that sho uld be included in the models3. The information in the passage suggests that scientists would have to an swer which of the following questions in order to predict the effect of clouds on the warming of the globe?A. What kinds of cloud systems will form over the Earth?B. How can cloud systems be encouraged to form over the ocean?C. What are the causes of the projected planetwide temperature increase?D. What proportion of cloud systems are currently composed of cirrus cloud s?E. What proportion of the clouds in the atmosphere form over land masses?P401As of late 1980s, neither theorists nor large-scale computer climate models could accurately predict whether cloud systems would help or hurt a warming gl obe.1980 年代末，无论气象理论学家还是大规模计算机气象模型都无法精确预测，云对地球暖化效应发挥积极或消极作用。

定额市鞍钢阳光实验学校甘肃省兰州市2016高考英语阅读理解和短文改错自练（8）阅读理解。

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

America is growing older. Fifty years ago, only 4 out of every 100 people in the United States were 65 or older. Today, 10 out of every 100 Americans are over 65. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways —education, medicine, and business. Quietly, the aging of America has made us a very different society — one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior is suitable at various ages.A person’s age no longer tells you anything about his/ her social position, marriage or health. There’s no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. The social clock that kept us on time and told us when to go to school, get a job, or stop work ing isn’t as strong as it used to be. It doesn’t surprise us to hear of a 29-year-old university president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or a 70-year-old man who has become a father for the first time. Public ideas are changing.Many people say, “I am much younger than my mother or my father was at my age.” No one says “Act your age” any more. We’ve stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.1. It can be learned from the text that the aging of the population in America ________.A. has made people feel youngerB. has changed people’s social positionC. has changed people’s understanding of ageD. has slowed down the country’s social development2. The underlined word “one” refers to ________.A. a societyB. AmericaC. a placeD. population3. “Act your age” means people should ________.A. be active when they are oldB. do the right thing at the right ageC. show respect to their parents young or oldD. take more physical exercises suitable to their age4. If a’ 25-year-old man becomes general manager of a big firm, the writer of the text would most probably consider it _________.A. normalB. wonderfulC. unbelievableD. unreasonable【参考答案及解析】1. C 主旨题。

长春市新解放学校2022-2023学年下学期第一次月考高二英语第一部分听力(共两节;满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．Where are the speakers probably?A．On a train. B．In a taxi. C．At a railway station. 2．What are the speakers talking about?A．A neighbor. B．A phone. C．A movie.3．What will the woman do today?A．Buy a book. B．Attend a lecture. C．Teach English. 4．What does the man order?A．A pie. B．A cake. C．An ice cream. 5．What docs the woman usually do in the evening?A．She watches TV. B．She goes for a run. C．She does yoga.第二节（共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6．What’s the probable relationship b etween the speakers?A．Fellow travelers.B．Interviewer and interviewee.C．Friends.7．What’s the woman’s advantage?A．She is calm under pressure.B．She can fly many kinds of airplanes.C．She is good-looking.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

gre阅读240答案解析Gre阅读240题：The following is an excerpt from a book about the history of the American West:“The American West was a place of great opportunity and adventure. It was a place where people could go to start anew, to make their fortunes, and to find a better life. It was also a place of danger and hardship, where people had to contend with harsh climates, hostile Native Americans, and lawlessness. But despite the difficulties, the American West was a place of great promise and potential.”答案：The passage is an excerpt from a book about the history of the American West. It paints a picture of the American West as a place of great opportunity and adventure, but also of danger and hardship. It notes that people went to the American West to start anew, to make their fortunes, and to find a better life, but had to contend with harsh climates, hostile Native Americans, and lawlessness. Despite the difficulties, the American West was still a place of great promise and potential.The passage paints a vivid picture of the American West as a place of both opportunity and danger. It emphasizes the potential of the American West, noting that people went there to start anew, to make their fortunes, and to find a better life. At the same time, it acknowledges the difficulties that people faced, such as harsh climates, hostile Native Americans, and lawlessness. Despite these difficulties, the American West was still a place of great promise and potential.The passage also highlights the importance of the American West in American history. It notes that people went to the American West to start anew, to make their fortunes, and to find a better life. This suggests that the American West was a place of great opportunity and potential, and that it played an important role in the history of the United States. The passage also acknowledges the difficulties that people faced in the American West, such as harsh climates, hostile Native Americans, and lawlessness. This suggests that the American West was a place of both opportunity and danger, and that it was an important part of American history.。

新gre练习题GRE填空题1. Though the volume of radioactive waste produced by nuclear power plants is________, the problem of how to dispose of that waste is not: rather, it is of major importance. [单选题] *A.unmanageableB.troublingC.significantD.small(正确答案)E.deceptive2. Investors are grateful that the attorney general has stepped in to pursue inquiries into the misfeasance in the financial markets, given that the regulators officially charged with policing the industry have been________. [单选题] *A.tenaciousB.diffident(正确答案)C.meticulousD.implacableE.straightforward3. The author suggests that cinema archives should become more like museums, justifying their existence by selecting, grouping and commenting on important films. By thus (i)________films,archives would not only serve as repositories, but would provide (ii)________as well.*A. improvingB. restoringC. interpreting(正确答案)D. conservationE. education(正确答案)F. income4. “Argument” may be an overly (i)________word to apply to the gossamer contrivance that is A summer of Humming birds. In what seems a self-conscious (ii)________ of its mascot, the book flits from one subjects or moment in history to another, following the various whims of its authors.*A. archaicB. impreciseC. strong(正确答案)D. repudiationE. emulation(正确答案)F. misrepresentation5. The skin of the poison dart frog contains deadly poison called batrachotoxins. But the(i)of the toxins has remained an enigma, as the frog does not (ii)________them. Now an analysis suggests that the melyrid beetle is the source. Collected beetle specimens all contained batrachotoxins, suggesting that these beetles are(iii)________ by the frogs.*A. effectB. origin(正确答案)C. purposeD.pressureE. produce(正确答案)F.suffer fromG. eaten(正确答案)H. neutralizedI. poisoned6. When a new scientific model emerges, research studies (i)________that paradigm tend to dominate in the scientific literature: the process of selecting articles for publication is tilted towardpositive results. But once the paradigm (ii)________, the academic incentives shift in the opposite direction: research results are more likely to be consideredworthy of publication when they(iii)________what has become the established view.*A. tweakingB. affirming(正确答案)C. controvertingD. is initially articulatedE. has become entrenched(正确答案)F. is about to be attackedG. bolsterH. circumventI. undermine(正确答案)7. The beauty of the scientific approach is that even when individual researchersdo________bias or partiality, others can correct them using a framework of evidence on which everyone broadly agrees. *A.overreact toB.deviate fromC.succumb to(正确答案)D.recoil fromE.yield to(正确答案)F.shrink from8.The initial, widely shared pessimism turned out to be________, because it ignored the many things that would be done with resources left behind. *A.unimportantB.unintelligibleC.unfathomableD.unfounded(正确答案)E.unimaginativeF.unjustified(正确答案)9. Despite a tendency to be overtly________, the poetry does not consist solely of pious sentiments: It sparks the imagination and provides lively entertainment. *A.preachy(正确答案)B.querulousC.insincereD.sanctimonious(正确答案)E.plaintiveF.disingenuous10. Though it may seem as if more than a century of________has made the electrical grid an all-encompassing web connecting the whole of the continent, many vast and beautiful areas remain without power. *A.refinementB.expansion(正确答案)C.ubiquityD.augmentation(正确答案)E.omnipresenceF.isolation11. With the numerous opponents of the controversial new taxation measure in such a fury, anyone who publicly advocated the measure did not fail to meetwith________usage. [单选题] *A.politicB.severe(正确答案)C.soberD.respectfulE.dejected12. The paleontologist examined the problem afresh, believing that the accepted classification________the essential continuity of the specimens by making specious distinctions among them. [单选题] *A.disprovedB.belied(正确答案)C.conflatedD.divulgedE.relaxed13.Invention was (i)________the work of the ancient Greek historians, whose writings were filled with long and often purely fictitious speeches by great historical figures. The animating force in historical writing was rhetoric rather than (ii)________. Even well into the eighteenth century, not a few historians continued to understand themselves as artists, given a license to invent.*A. discouraged inB. a hallmark of(正确答案)C. exceptional inD. eloquenceE. evidence(正确答案)F. imagination14. Scholars have marveled over the (i)________that Shakespeare displays in his works, noting that such broad learning is all the more remarkable given that books were relatively (ii)________ in Shakespeare's time.*A. meticulousnessB. humorC. erudition(正确答案)D. edifyingE. scarce(正确答案)F. inexpensive15.She was never (i)________: she was nothing if not discreet, so she (ii)________ for the present to declare her passion.*A. precipitate(正确答案)B. tactfulC. thoughtfulD. pretendedE. decidedF. forbore(正确答案)16.The slow pace of job creation was without precedent for the period of recovery from a recession,but the conditions that conspired to cause the recession were also (i)________. The stock market declined sharply, and rampant business investment slumped. Then an ensuing spate of scandals (ii)________ public trust in the way companies were run. And yet,despite these powerful (iii)________ to growth, the recession proved surprisingly mild.*A. hearteningB. atypical(正确答案)C. ambiguousD. weakened(正确答案)E. illuminatedF. consolidatedG. counterforce(正确答案)H. stimulantsI. concomitants17.A cure for the common cold has been so elusive that it has become a modern symbol of______. *A.dangerB.futility(正确答案)C.uneaseD.pointless(正确答案)E.slothF.apathy18.The dictators gleaming military uniform and imperial paraphernalia sharply contrast with the________fashion favored by most other contemporary political leaders. *A.unostentatious(正确答案)B.modest(正确答案)C.augustD.majesticE.formalF.casual19. Despite her rather________choices, Moreland was neither a rebellious spirit nor someone who saw herself as anything out of the ordinary. *A.unconventional(正确答案)B.impracticalC.quirky(正确答案)D.flamboyantE.successfulF.lucrative20. His premiership, seemingly cast-iron a year ago, is now so vulnerable that even a good day at the office does no more than buy him a few weeks of________from rebels within his own party. *A.controversyB.reproachC.respite(正确答案)D.relief(正确答案)E.blameF.deference21.In the last two hundreds years, the practice of archaeology has changed greatly, from digging up ancient artifacts for use by wealthy individuals as art objects to analyzing the detritus of everyday life in the laboratory, and thus from________to data collection. [单选题] *A.suppositionB.theorizingC.fact-findingD.treasure hunting(正确答案)E.scientific discovery22.The identity of hominid remains found in a cave in the Altai Mountainswas________until Paabo and his colleagues ended the speculation by showing that DNA sequences indicated the bones belonged to Neanderthals. [单选题] *A.extraneousB.conjectural(正确答案)C.improbableD.demonstrableE.consistent23. The documentation of Earth’s biodiversity is complicated by the(i)________taxonomists. Those experts in classifying species tent to be (ii)________ North America and Europe, whereas most of the undocumented biodiversity is likely in the tropics.*A. uneven distribution of(正确答案)B. theoretical commitments ofC. professional rivalries amongD. clustered in(正确答案)E. oblivious toF. exported from24. For decades, economic ideas have been (i)________ political purpose. Economists, for example, have peddled their theories as a way of gaining public prominence or political appointment, while politicians have (ii)________economic doctrines as possible solutions to the nation’s social problems.*A. undermined byB. inspired byC. exploited for(正确答案)D. rejectedE. ignoredF. promoted(正确答案)25. Computers make it spectacularly easy to search for particular pieces of information in downloaded texts. And doing research in this strategic, targeted manner can feel(i)________. Instead of (ii)________ the organizing logic of the book you are reading, you can approach the book with your own questions and (iii)________. You, not the author, are the master.*A. disorientingB. humblingC. empowering(正确答案)D. disregardingE. surrendering to(正确答案)F. imitatingG. begin to discern the author’s intentH. glean precisely what you want from it(正确答案)I. evaluate the book on its own terms26.There are two opposing theories about mountain formation and climate over the past 40 million years: either the surge of mountain building (i)________the global cooling, or vice versa. The first of these two theories asserts that widespread mountain buildingcooled the earth as a result of the(ii)________mountains and climate. For example, mountain glaciers tent to be (iii)________: once established, they increase the reflectivity of the surface, thus lowering temperatures and allowing more ice to form.*A. supersededB. haltedC. caused(正确答案)D. disparity betweenE. feedback between(正确答案)F. complexity ofG. unpredictableH. staticI. self-perpetuating(正确答案)27. If giant x-ray flares churn circumstellar disks enough to keep newborn planets, such as Earth once was, from spiraling into their suns, it would be an ironic twist on our conception of x-ray flares as ______ . *A.dangerous(正确答案)B.predictableC.ancientD.ephemeralE.perilous(正确答案)F.foreseeable28. Despite their cultural and social significance, rapid growth, and widespread appeal in China, video game—unlike traditional media—have received________attention from international communication researches. *A.undueB.scant(正确答案)C.excessiveD.focusedE.limited(正确答案)F.dwindling29. Although Wynne claims to recognize that________evidence is available to make definitive statements, she offers them nonetheless, arriving at some sweeping generalizations. *A.concreteB.finiteC.insufficient(正确答案)D.indirectE.conclusiveF.meager(正确答案)30.Although the biography never explicitly assesses what role the dynamic between Mr. Merrills parents might have played in the development of his personality, the author offers plenty of _____ *A.mystificationB.elucidationC.speculation(正确答案)D.reflectionE.obfuscationF.conjecture(正确答案)GRE阅读题GRE阅读题【1】At a certain period in Earth’s history, its atmosphere contained almost no oxygen, although plants were producing vast quantities of oxygen. As a way of reconciling these two facts, scientists have hypothesized that nearly all of the oxygen being produced was taken up by iron on Earth’s surface. Clearly, however, this explanation is inadequate. New studies show that the amount of iron on Earth’s surface was not sufficient to absorb anywhere near as much oxygen as was being produced. Therefore, something in addition to the iron on Earth’s surface must have absorbed much of the oxygen produced by plant life.1. In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles? [单选题] *A. The first is a claim made by the argument in support of a certain position; the second is that position.B. The first is a judgment made by the argument about a certain explanation; the second is that explanation.C. The first expresses the argument’s dismissal of an objection to the position it seeks to establish; the second is that position.D. The first sums up the argument’s position with regard to a certain hypothesis; the second provides grounds for that position.(正确答案)E. The first is a concession by the argument that its initial formulation of the position it seeks to establish requires modification; the second presents that position in a modified form.Rain-soaked soil contains less oxygen than does drier soil. The roots of melon plants perform less efficiently under the low-oxygen conditions present in rain soaked soil. When the efficiency of melon roots is impaired, the roots do not supply sufficient amounts of the proper nutrients for the plants to perform photosynthesis at their usual levels. It follows that melon plants have a lower-than-usual rate of photosynthesiswhen their roots are in rain-soaked soil. When the photosynthesis of the plants slows, sugar stored in the fruits is drawn off to supply the plants with energy. Therefore, ripe melons harvested after a prolonged period of heavy rain should be less sweet than other ripe melons.2. In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles? [单选题] *A. The first states the conclusion of the argument as a whole; the second provides support for that conclusion.B. The first provides support for the conclusion of the argument as a whole; the second provides evidence that supports an objection to that conclusion.C. The first provides support for an intermediate conclusion that supports a further conclusion stated in the argument; the second states that intermediate conclusion.(正确答案)D. The first serves as an intermediate conclusion that supports a further conclusion stated in the argument; the second states the position that the argument as a whole opposes.E. The first states the position that the argument as a whole opposes; the second supports the conclusion of the argument.Columnist: Until very recently, Presorbin and Veltrex, two medications used to block excess stomach acid, were both available only with a prescription written by a doctor. In an advertisement for Presorbin, its makers argue that Presorbin is superior on the grounds that doctors have written 200 million prescriptions for Presorbin, as compared to 100 million for Veltrex. It can be argued that the number of prescriptions written is never a worthwhile criterion for comparing the merits of medicines, but that the advertisement’s argument is absurd is quite adequately revealed by observing that Presorbin was available as a prescription medicine years before Veltrex was.3. In the columnist’s argument, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles? [单选题] *A. The first is a claim that the columnist’s argument seeks to clarify; the second states a conclusion drawn about one possible interpretation of that claim.B. The first identifies the conclusion of an argument that the columnist’s argument is directed against; the second states the main conclusion of the columnist’s argument.(正确答案)C. The first states the main conclusion of the columnist’s argument; the second states a conclusion that the columnist draws in defending that conclusion against an objection.D. The first identifies an assumption made in an argument that the columnist's argument is directed against; the second states the main conclusion of the columnist’s argument.E. The first is a claim that has been offered as evidence to support a position that the columnist opposes; the second states the main conclusion of the columnist’s argument. Politician: The number of traffic deaths in our region has increased over the past several years. Because the poor condition of our roads and highways has caused a number of fatal accidents, the road commission recommended that, to reduce traffic deaths, the budget for road maintenance should be increased. Many major traffic deaths, however, are attributed to traffic congestion than to poor road condition, and better road will encourage people to drive more, worsen traffic congestion. So a better strategy for the road commission to recommend would be to reduce traffic congestion, though the best means for doing so remains to be determined. Improving mass transit is only one possibility.4. In the politician’s argument, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles? [单选题] *A. The first introduce the position that the politician seeks to establish, the second provides evidence to support that position.B. The first introduces the position that the politician seeks to establish, the second is evidence that was cited in support of the position that the politician opposes.C. The first introduces the position that the politician seeks to establish, the second is an intermediate conclusion that is made in order to support that position.D. The first introduces a problem, the response to which is presented in the argument, the second provides evidence that is aimed at arguing that a proposed response to this problem will turn out to be counterproductive.(正确答案)E. The first introduces a problem, the response to which is presented in the argument, the second is evidence that was cited in support of a response that the politician opposes. Stylistic evidence and laboratory evidence strongly support the claim that the magnificent painting Garden of Eden is a work of the Flemish master van Eyck. Nevertheless, the painting must have been the work of someone else, as anyone with a little historical and zoological knowledge can tell merely by looking at the painting. The animals in the painting are all vivid representations of actual animals, including armadillos. Yet armadillos are native only to Americas, and van Eyck died decades before Europeans reached the Americas.5. In the argument given, the two highlighted portions play which of the following roles? [单选题] *A. The first is a position that the argument seeks to reject, the second is evidence that the argument uses against that position.B. The first and the second are each pieces of evidence that have been used to support the position that the argument opposes.C. The first presents the main conclusion of the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that conclusion.(正确答案)D. The first is a judgment that serves as the basis for the main conclusion of the argument; the second states that main conclusion.E. The first is an intermediate conclusion drawn in order to support a further conclusion stated in the argument; the second provides evidence in support of that intermediate conclusion.GRE阅读题【2】A ten-year comparison between the United States and the Soviet Union in terms of crop yields per acre revealed that when only planted acreage is compared, Soviet yields were equal to 68 percent of United States yields. When total agricultural acreage (planted acreage plus fallow acreage) is compared, however, Soviet yield was 114 percent of United States yield.1. From the information above, which of the following can be most reliably inferred about United States and Soviet agriculture during the ten-year period? [单选题] *A. A higher percentage of total agricultural acreage was fallow in the United States than in the Soviet Union.(正确答案)B. The United States had more fallow acreage than planted acreage.C. Fewer total acres of available agricultural land were fallow in the Soviet Union than in the United States.D. The Soviet Union had more planted acreage than fallow acreage.E. The Soviet Union produced a greater volume of crops than the United States produced.New methods developed in genetic research have led taxonomists to revise their views on the evolutionary relationships between many species. Traditionally the relatedness of species has been ascertained by a close comparison of their anatomy. The new methodsinfer the closeness of any two species’ relationship to each other directly from similarities between the species’ genetic codes.2. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information? [单选题] *A. The apparent degree of relatedness of some species, as determined by anatomical criteria, is not borne out by their degree of genetic similarity.(正确答案)B. When they know the differences between two species’ genetic codes, taxonomists can infer what the observable anatomical differences between those species must be.C. The degree to which individuals of the same species are anatomically similar is determined more by their genetic codes than by such environmental factors as food supply.D. The traditional anatomical methods by which taxonomists investigated the relatedness of species are incapable of any further refinement.E. Without the use of genetic methods, taxonomists would never be able to obtain any accurate information about species’ degrees of relatedness to one another.Years ago, consumers in Frieland began paying an energy tax in the form of two Frieland pennies for each unit of energy consumed that came from nonrenewable sources. Following the introduction of this energy tax, there was a steady reduction in the total yearly consumption of energy from nonrenewable sources.3. If the statements in the passage are true, then which of the following must on the basis of them be true? [单选题] *A. There was a steady decline in the yearly revenues generated by the energy tax in Frieland.(正确答案)B. There was a steady decline in the total amount of energy consumed each year in Frieland.C. There was a steady increase in the use of renewable energy source in Frieland.D. The revenues generated by the energy tax were used to promote the use of energy from renewable sources.E. The use of renewable energy sources in Frieland greatly increased relative to the use of nonrenewable energy sources.GRE阅读题【3】During the day in Lake Constance, the zooplankton D. hyalina departs for the depths where food is scarce and the water cold. D. galeata remains near the warm surface wherefood is abundant. Even though D. galeata grows and reproduces much faster, its population is often outnumbered by D. hyalina.1. Which of the following, if true, would help resolve the apparent paradox presented above? [单选题] *A. The number of species of zooplankton living at the bottom of the lake is twice that of species living at the surface.B. Predators of zooplankton, such as whitefish and perch, live and feed near the surface of the lake during the day.(正确答案)C. In order to make the most of scarce food resources,D. hyaline matures more slowly than D. galeata.D. D. galeata clusters under vegetation during the hottest part of the day to avoid the Sun’s rays.E. D. galeata produces twice as many offspring per individual in any given period of time as does D. hyalina.In the past ten years, there have been several improvements in mountain-climbing equipment. These improvements have made the sport both safer and more enjoyable for experienced climbers. Despite these improvements, however, the rate of mountain climbing injuries has doubled in the past ten years.2. Which of the following, if true, best reconciles the apparent discrepancy presented in the passage? [单选题] *A. Many climbers, lulled into a false sense of security, use the new equipment to attempt climbing feats of which they are not capable.(正确答案)B. Some mountain-climbing injuries are caused by unforeseeable weather conditions.C. Mountain climbing, although a dangerous sport, does not normally result in injury to the experienced climber.D. In the past ten years there have been improvements in mountain-climbing techniques as well as in mountain-climbing equipment.E. Although the rate of mountain-climbing injuries has increased, the rate of mountain-climbing deaths has not changed.Despite the fact that the health-inspection procedure for catering establishments are more stringent than those for ordinary restaurant, more of the cases of food poisoning reported to the city health department were brought on by banquets served by catering services than were brought on by restaurant meals.3. Which of the following, if true, helps explain the apparent paradox in the statement above? [单选题] *A. A significantly larger number of people eat in restaurants than attend catered banquets in any given time period.B. Catering establishments know how many people they expect to serve, and therefore are less likely than restaurants to have, and serve, leftover foods, a major source of food poisoning.C. Many restaurant provide catering services for banquets in addition to serving individual meals.D. The number of reported food-poisoning cases at catered banquets is unrelated to whether the meal is served on the caterer’s or the client’s premises.E. People are unlikely to make a connection between a meal they have eaten and a subsequent illness unless the illness strikes a group who are in communication with one another.(正确答案)Despite a dramatic increase in the number of people riding bicycles for recreation in Parkville, a recent report by the Parkville Department of Transportation shows that the number of accidents involving bicycles has decreased for the third consecutive year.4. Which of the following, if true during the last three years, best reconciles the apparent discrepancy in the facts? [单选题] *A. The Parkville Department of Recreation confiscated abandoned bicycles and sold them at auction to any interested Parkville residents.B. Increased automobile and bus traffic in Parkville had been the leading cause of the most recent increase in automobile accidents.C. Because of the local increase in the number of people bicycling for recreation, many out-of-town bicyclists ride in the Parkville area.D. The Parkville Police Department enforced traffic rules for bicycle riders much more vigorously and began requiring recreational riders to pass a bicycle safety course.(正确答案)E. The Parkville Department of Transportation canceled a program that required all bicycles to be inspected and registered each year.Although initially symptomless, glaucoma can eventually cause blindness when not properly treated. Tests under laboratory conditions of the traditional treatment, daily administration of eyedrops, show it to be as effective in relieving the internal ocular pressure that causes glaucoma as is a new laser-surgical procedure. Yet glaucoma-related blindness occurs in a significantly smaller percentage of patients who have had the surgery than of patients for whom only the eyedrop treatment was prescribed.5. Which of following, if true, most helps to explain the low rate glaucoma-related blindness among patients who had the surgery? [单选题] *A. Glaucoma-related blindness is no more common among patients who have had only the surgery than it is among patients who had the surgery after using the eyedropsB. Doctors rarely recommend the surgery for glaucoma patients who have already started the traditional course of treatmentC. There is no known physiological cause of glaucoma other than increase in pressure inside the eyeD. A significant percentage of the people for whom the eyedrop treatment has been prescribed fail to follow the prescribed daily regimen, because the eyedrops have unpleasant side effects.(正确答案)E. The eyedrops traditionally prescribed to treat glaucoma are normally prescribed to treat other disease of the eye.GRE阅读题【4】In 1998 the United States Department of Transportation received nearly 10,000 consumer complaints about airlines; in 1999 it received over 20,000. Moreover, the number of complaints per 100,000 passengers also more than doubled. In both years the vast majority of complaints concerned flight delays, cancellations, mishandled baggage, and customer service. Clearly, therefore, despite the United States airline industry’s serious efforts to improve performance in these areas, passenger dissatisfaction with airline service increased significantly in 1999.1. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument? [单选题] *A. Although the percentage of flights that arrived on time dropped slightly overall, from77 percent in 1998 to 76 percent in 1999, some United States airlines’ 1999 on-time rate was actually better than their 1998 on-time rate.B. The number of passengers flying on United States airlines was significantly higher in 1999 than in 1998.C. Fewer bags per 1,000 passengers flying on United States airlines were lost or delayed in 1999 than in 1998.D. The appearance in 1999 of many new Internet sites that relay complaints directly to the Department of Transportation has made filing a complaint about airlines much easier for consumers than ever before.(正确答案)E. Although the number of consumer complaints increased for every major United States airline in 1999, for some airlines the extent of the increase was substantial, whereas for others it was extremely small.。

2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第1套选词填空After becoming president of Purdue University in2013, Mitch Daniels asked the faculty to prove that their students have actually achieved one of higher education’s most important goals: critical thinking skills. Two years before, a nationwide study of college graduates had shown that more than a third had made no 26 gains in such mental abilities during their school years. Mr. Daniels needed to__27__ the high cost of attending Purdue to its students and their families. After all, the percentage of Americans who say a college degree is "very important" has fallen 28 in the last 5-6 years.Purdue now has a pilot test to assess students' critical thinking skills. Yet like many collegeteachers around the U.S., the faculty remain __29__ that their work as educators can be measured by "learning 30 _ " such as a graduate's ability to investigate and reason. However, the professors need not worry so much. The results of a recent experiment showed that professors can use __31__ metrics to measure how well students do in three key areas: critical thinking, written communication, and quantitative literacy.Despite the success of the experiment, the actual results are worrisome, and mostly __32__ earlier studies. The organizers of the experiment concluded that far fewer students were achieving high levels on critical thinking than they were doing for written communication or quantitative literacy. And that conclusion is based only on students nearing graduation.American universities, despite their global 33__ for excellence in teaching, have only begun to demonstrate what they can produce in real-world learning. Knowledge-based degrees are still important, but employers are still important, but employers are __34__ advanced thinking skills from college graduates. If the intellectual worth of a college degree can be __35__ measured, more people will seek higher education—and come out better thinkers.A. accuratelyB. confirmC. demandingD. doubtfulE. drasticallyF. justifyG. monopolizedH. outcomeI. predominanceJ. presumingK. reputationL. significantM. signifyN. simultaneouslyO. standardized答案：(26)L. significant(27)F. justify(28)E. drastically(29)D. doubtful(30)H. outcome(31)O. standardized(32)B. confirm(33)K. reputation(34)C. demanding(35)A. accurately2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第1套仔细阅读2篇Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadlyagree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.Some communities have agreed to share online—geneticists, for example, post DNA sequencesat the GenBank repository (库) , and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some500 million objects—but these remain the excepti on, not the rule. Historically, scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standardsfor formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the barriers are disappearing, in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide areencouraging scientists to make their data public. Last year, the Royal Society in London said inits report that scientists need to "shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as aprivate preserve". Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be publicinformation, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitallyin ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing upto make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely altruistic (利他的). Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved visibility and increased citatio ns. The most successful sharers—those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often---get noticed, and their work gets used. For example, one of the most popular data sets onmultidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has beendownloaded 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how muc h carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber. "I'd much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions," she says. "It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible."Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize andlabel files so others can understand them, scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding confusion later on.46. What do many researchers generally accept?A. It is imperative to protect scientists' patents.B. Repositories are essential to scientific research.C. Open data sharing is most important to medical science.D. Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.47. What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?A. Opposed.B. Ambiguous.C. Liberal.D. Neutral.48. According to the passage, what might hinder open data sharing?A. The fear of massive copying.B. The lack of a research culture.C. The belief that research data is private intellectual property.D. The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.49. What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?A. The ever-growing demand for big data.B. The advancement of digital technology.C. The changing attitude of journals and funders.D. The trend of social and economic development.50. Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing ________.A. is becoming increasingly popularB. benefits sharers and users alikeC. makes researchers successfulD. saves both money and laborPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Macy's reported its sales plunged 5.2% in November and December at stores open more than a year, a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing wide-ranging challenges. Its flagship stores in major U.S. cities depend heavily on international tourist spending, which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar. Meanwhile, Macy's has simply struggled to lure consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories.The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on unseasonably warm weather. "About 80% of our company's year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to shortfalls (短缺) in cold-weather goods," said chief executive Teny Lundgren in a press release. This prompted the company to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter.However, it's clear that Macy's believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary aberration (偏离) off the thermometer. The retail giant said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing $400 million in cost-cutting measures. The company pledged to cut 600 back-office positions, though some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs. It also plans to offer "voluntary separation" packages to 165 senior executives. It will slash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores, a move affecting some 3,000 employees.The retailer also announced the locations of 36 stores it will close in early 2016. The company had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said which locations would be affected. None of the chain's stores in the Washington metropolitan area are to be closed.Macy's has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a new era of shopping. It has plans to open more locations of Macy's Backstage, a newly-developed off-price concept which might help it better compete with ambitious T. J. Maxx. It's also pushing ahead in 2016 with an expansion of Bluemercury, the beauty chain it bought last year. At a time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta instead of department store beauty counters, Macy's hopes Bluemercury will help strengthen its position in the category.One relative bright spot for Macy's during the holiday season was the online channel, where it rang up "double-digit" increases in sales and a 25% increase in the number of orders it filled. That relative strength would be consistent with what was seen in the wilder retail industry during the early part of the holiday season. While Thanksgiving, Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online, in-store sales plunged over the holiday weekend.51. What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.?A. It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S. dollar.B. It is a direct result of the global economic recession.C. It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods.D. It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S.52. What does Macy's believe about its problems?A. They can be solved with better management.B. They cannot be attributed to weather only.C. They are not as serious in its online stores.D. They call for increased investments.53. In order to cut costs, Macy's decided to ________.A. cut the salary of senior executivesB. relocate some of its chain storesC. adjust its promotion strategiesD. reduce the size of its staff54. Why does Macy's plan to expand Bluemercury in 2016?A. To experiment on its new business concept.B. To focus more on beauty products than clothing.C. To promote sales of its products by lowering prices.D. To be more competitive in sales of beauty products.55. What can we learn about Macy's during the holiday season?A. Sales dropped sharply in its physical stores.B. Its retail sales exceeded those of T. J. Maxx.C. It helped Bluemercury establish its position worldwide.D. It filled its stores with abundant supply of merchandise.Passage one46.D47.A48.C49.C50.BPassage two51.A52.B53.D54.D55.A2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第2套选词填空Half of your brain stays alert and prepared for danger when you sleep in a new place, a study has revealed. This phenomenon is often __26__ to as the "first-night-effect". Researchers from Brown University found that a network in the left hemisphere of the brain "remained more active" than the network in the right side of the brain. Playing sounds into the right ears (stimulating the left hemisphere) of __27__ was more likely to wake them up than if the noises were played into their left ear.It was __28__ observed that the left side of the brain was more active during deep sleep. When the researchers repeated the laboratory experiment on the second and third nights they found the left hemisphere could not be stimulated in the same way during deep sleep. The researchers explained that the study demonstrated when we are in a __29__ environment the brain partly remains alert so that humans can defend themselves against any __30__ danger.The researchers believe this is the first time that the "first-night-effect" of different brain states has been __31__ in humans. It isn't, however, the first time it has ever been seen. Some animal __32__ also display this phenomenon. For example, dolphins, as well as other __33__ animals, shut down one hemisphere of the brain when they go to sleep. A previous study noted that dolphins always __34__ control their breathing. Without keeping the brain active while sleeping, they would probably drown. But, as the human study suggest, another reason for dolphins keeping their eyes open during sleep is that they can look out for __35__ while asleep. It also keeps their physiological processes working.A.ClassifiedB. consciouslyC. dramaticallyD. exoticE. identifiedF. inherentG. marineH. novelI. potential J. predators K. referred L. species M. specifically N. varieties O. volunteers答案(26)K. referred(27)O. volunteers(28)M. specifically(29)H. novel(30)I. potential(31)E. identified(32)L. species(33)G. marine(34)B. consciously(35)J. predators2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第2套仔细阅读2篇Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.We live today indebted to McCardell, Cashin, Hawes, Wilkins, and Maxwell, and other women who liberated American fashion from the confines of Parisian design. Independence came in tying, wrapping, storing, harmonizing, and rationalizing that wardrobe. These designers established the modem dress code, letting playsuits and other active wear outfits suffice for casual clothing, allowing pants to enter the wardrobe, and prizing rationalism and versatility in dress, in contradiction to dressing for an occasion or allotment of the day. Fashion in America was logical and answerable to the will of the women who wore it. Implicitly or explicitly, American fashion addressed a democracy, whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was prescriptive and imposed on women, willing or not.In an earlier time, American fashion had also followed the dictates of Paris, or even copied and pirated specific French designs. Designer sportswear was not modeled on that of Europe, as "modem art" would later be; it was genuinely invented and developed in America. Its designers were not high-end with supplementary lines. The design objective and the business commitment were to sportswear, and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was most important: summer dresses and outfits, in particular, were chiefly cotton, readily capable of being washed and pressed at home. Closings were simple, practical, and accessible, as the modem woman depended on no personal maid to dress her. American designers prized resourcefulness and the freedom of women who wore the clothing.Many have argued that the women designers of this time were able to project their own clothing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in justifying apparel (服装) on the basis of utility. If Pariswas cast aside, the tradition of beauty was also to some degree slighted. Designer sportswear would have to be verified by a standard other than that of pure beauty; the emulation of a designer's life in designer sportswear was a crude version of this relationship. The consumer was ultimately to be mentioned as well, especially by the likes of Dorothy Shaver, who could point to the sales figures at Lord & Taylor.Could utility alone justify the new ideas of the American designers? Fashion is often regarded as a pursuit of beauty, and some cherished fashion's trivial relationship to the fine arts. What the designers of the American sportswear proved was that fashion is a genuine design art, answering to the demanding needs of service. Of course these practical, insightful designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion. They were the pioneers of gender equity, in their useful, adaptable clothing, which was both made for the masses and capable of self-expression.46. What contribution did the women designers make to American fashion?A. They made some improvements on the traditional Parisian design.B. They formulated a dress code with distinctive American features.C. They came up with a brand new set of design procedures.D. They made originality a top priority in their fashion design.47. What do we learn about American designer sportswear?A. It imitated the European model.B. It laid emphasis on women's beauty.C. It represented genuine American art.D. It was a completely new invention.48. What characterized American designer sportswear?A. Pursuit of beauty.B. Decorative closings.C. Ease of care.D. Fabric quality.49. What occurred in the design of women's apparel in America during the 1930s-40s?A. A shift of emphasis from beauty to utility.B. The emulation of traditional Parisian design.C. A search for balance between tradition and novelty.D. The involvement of more women in fashion design.50. What do we learn about designers of American sportswear?A. They catered to the taste of the younger generation.B. They radically changed people's concept of beauty.C. They advocated equity between men and women.D. They became rivals of their Parisian counterparts.Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Massive rubbish dumps and sprawling landfills constitute one of the more uncomfortable impacts that humans have on wildlife. They have led some birds to give up on migration. Instead offlying thousands of miles in search of food, they make the waste sites their winter feeding grounds.Researchers in Germany used miniature GPS tags to track the migrations of 70 white storks(鹳) from different sites across Europe and Asi a during the first five months of their lives. While many birds travelled along well-known routes to warmer climates, others stopped short and spent the winter on landfills, feeding on food waste, and the multitudes of insects that thrive on the dumps.In the short-term, the birds seem to benefit from overwintering (过冬) on rubbish dumps. Andrea Flack of the Max Planck Institute found that birds following traditional migration routes were more likely to die than German storks that flew only as far as northern Morocco, and spent the winter there on rubbish dumps. "For the birds it's a very convenient way to get food. There are huge clusters of organic waste they can feed on," said Flack. The meals are not particularly appetising, or even safe. Much of the waste is discarded rotten meat, mixed inwith other human debris such as plastic bags and old toys."It's very risky. The birds can easily eat pieces of plastic or rubber bands and they can die," said Flack."And we don't know about the long-term consequences. They might eat something toxic and damage their health. We cannot estimate that yet."The scientists tracked white storks from different colonies in Europe and Africa. The Russian, Greek and Polish storks flew as far as South Africa, while those from Spain, Tunisia and Germany flew only as far as the Sahel.Landfill sites on the Iberian peninsula have long attracted local white storks, but all of theSpanish birds tagged in the study flew across the Sahara desert to the western Sahel. Writing inthe journal, the scientists describe how the storks from Germany were clearly affected by thepresence of waste sites, with four out of six birds that survived for at least five months over wintering on rubbish dumps in northern Morocco, instead of migrating to the Sahel.Flack said it was too early to know whether the benefits of plentiful food outweighed the risksof feeding on landfills. But that's not the only uncertainty. Migrating birds affect eco systems both at home and at their winter destinations, and disrupting the traditional routes could haveunexpected side effects. White storks feed on locusts (蝗虫) and other insects that can become pests if their numbers get out of hand. "They provide a useful service," said Flack.51. What is the impact of rubbish dumps on wildlife?A. They have forced white storks to search for safer winter shelters.B. They have seriously polluted the places where birds spend winter.C. They have accelerated the reproduction of some harmful insects.D. They have changed the previous migration habits of certain birds.52. What do we learn about birds following the traditional migration routes?A. They can multiply at an accelerating rate.B. They can better pull through the winter.C. They help humans kill harmful insects.D. They are more likely to be at risk of dying.53. What does Andrea Flack say about the birds overwintering on rubbish dumps?A. They may end up staying there permanently.B. They may eat something harmful.C. They may evolve new feeding habits.D. They may have trouble getting adequate food.54. What can be inferred about the Spanish birds tagged in the study?A. They gradually lose the habit of migrating in winter.B. They prefer rubbish dumps far away to those at home.C. They are not attracted to the rubbish dumps on their migration routes.D. They join the storks from Germany on rubbish dumps in Morocco.55. What is scientists' other concern about white storks feeding on landfills?A. The potential harm to the ecosystem.B. The genetic change in the stork species.C. The spread of epidemics to their homeland.D. The damaging effect on bio-diversity.Passage one46.B47.D48.C49.A50.CPassage two51.D52.D53.B54.C55.A2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第3套选词填空Let's all stop judging people who talk to themselves. New research says that those who can't seem to keep their inner monologues (独白) in are actually more likely to stay on task, remain __26__ better and show improved perception capabilities. Not bad, really, for some extra muttering.According to a series of experiments published in theQuarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology by professors Gary Lupyan and Daniel Swignley, the act of using verbal clues to __27__ mental pictures helps people function quicker.In one experiment, they showed pictures of various objects to twenty __28__ and asked themto find just one of those, a banana. Half were __29__ to repeat out loud what they were lookingfor and the other half kept their lips __30__. Those who talked to themselves found the banana slightly faster than those who didn't, the researchers say. In other experiments, Lupyan andSwignley found that __31__ the name of a common product when on the hunt for it helpedquicken someone's pace, but talking about uncommon items showed no advantage and slowed you down.Common research has long held that talking themselves through a task helps children learn, although doing so when you've __32__ matured is not a great sign of __33__. The two professors hope to refute that idea, __34__ that just as when kids walk themselves through a process, adults can benefit from using language not just to communicate, but also to help"augment thinking".Of course, you are still encouraged to keep the talking at library tones and, whatever you do, keep the information you share simple, like a g rocery list. At any __35__, there's still such a thing as too much information.A. apparentlyB. arroganceC. brillianceD. claimingE. dedicatedF. focusedG. incurH. instructedI. obscurelyJ. sealedK. spectatorsL. triggerM. utteringN. volumeO. volunteers(26)F. focused(27)L. trigger(28)O. volunteers(29)H. instructed(30)J. sealed(31)M. uttering(32)A. apparently(33)C. brilliance(34)D. claiming(35)N. volume2017年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第3套仔细阅读2篇Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Tennessee's technical and community colleges will not outsource (外包) management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an analysis of spending at each campus.In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal analysis showed that each campus' spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified by the state. Morgan said those findings—which included data from the system's 13 community colleges, 27 technical colleges and six universities—were part of the decision not to move forward with Governor Bill Haslam's proposal to privatize management of state buildings in an effort to save money."While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel any adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial," Morgan wrote to the presidents. "System institutions are operating very efficiently based on this analysis, raising the question of the value of pursuing a broad scale outsourcing initiative."Worker's advocates have criticized Haslam's plan, saying it would mean some campus workers would lose their jobs or benefits. Haslam has said colleges would be free to opt in or out of the out souring plan, which has not been finalized.Morgan notified the Haslam administration of his decision to opt out in a letter sent last week. That letter, which includes several concerns Morgan has with the plan, was originally obtained by The Commercial Appeal in Memphis.In an email statement from the state's Office of Customer Focused Government, which is examining the possibility of outsourcing, spokeswoman Michelle R. Martin said officials were still working to analyze the data from the Board of Regents. Data on management expenses at the college system and in other state departments will be part of a "business justification" the state will use as officials deliberate the specifics of an outsourcing plan."The state's facilities management project team is still in the process of developing its business justification and expects to have that completed and available to the public at the end of February," Martin said. "At this time there is nothing to take action on since the analysis has yet to be completed."Morgan's comments on outsourcing mark the second time this month that he has come out against one of Haslam's plans for higher education in Tennessee. Morgan said last week that he would retire at the end of January because of the governor's proposal to split off six universities of the Board of Regents system and create separate governing boards for each of them. In his resignation letter, Morgan called the reorganization "unworkable".46. What do we learn about the decision of technical and community colleges in Tennessee?A. It is backed by a campus spending analysis.B. It has been flatly rejected by the governor.C. It has neglected their faculty's demands.D. It will improve their financial situation.47. What does the campus spending analysis reveal?A. Private companies play a big role in campus management.B. Facilities management by colleges is more cost-effective.C. Facilities management has greatly improved in recent years.D. Colleges exercise foil control over their own financial affairs.48. Workers' supporters argue that Bill Haslam's proposal would _________.A. deprive colleges of the right to manage their facilitiesB. make workers less motivated in performing dutiesC. render a number of campus workers joblessD. lead to the privatization of campus facilities49. What do we learn from the state spokeswoman's response to John Morgan's decision?A. The outsourcing plan is not yet finalized.B. The outsourcing plan will be implemented.C. The state officials are confident about the outsourcing plan.D. The college spending analysis justifies the outsourcing plan.50. Why did John Morgan decide to resign?A. He had lost confidence in the Tennessee state government.B. He disagreed with the governor on higher education policies.C. He thought the state's outsourcing proposal was simply unworkable.D. He opposed the governor's plan to reconstruct the college board system.Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Beginning in the late sixteenth century, it became fashionable for young aristocrats to visit Paris, Venice, Florence, and above all, Rome, as the culmination (终极) of their classical education. Thus was born the idea of the Grand Tour, a practice which introduced Englishmen, Germans, Scandinavians, and also Americans to the art and culture of France and Italy for the next 300 years. Travel was arduous and costly throughout the period, possible only for a privileged class—the same that produced gentlemen scientists, authors, antique experts, and patrons of the arts.The Grand Tourist was typically a young man with a thorough grounding in Greek and Latin literature as well as some leisure time, some means, and some interest in art. The German traveler Johann Winckelmann pioneered the field of art history with his comprehensive study of Greek and Roman sculpture; he was portrayed by his friend Anton Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome. Most Grand Tourists, however, stayed for briefer periods and set out with less scholarly intentions, accompanied by a teacher or guardian, and expected to return home with souvenirs of their travels as well as an understanding of art and architecture formed by exposure to great masterpieces.London was a frequent starting point for Grand Tourists, and Paris a compulsory destination; many traveled to the Netherlands, some to Switzerland and Germany, and a very few adventurers to Spain, Greece, or Turkey. The essential place to visit, however, was Italy. The British traveler Charles Thompson spoke for many Grand Tourists when in 1744 he described himself as "being impatiently desirous of viewing a country so famous in history, a country which once gave laws to the world, and which is at present the greatest school of music and painting, contains the noblest productions of sculpture and architecture, and is filled with cabinets of rarities, and collections of all kinds of historical relics". Within Italy, the great focus was Rome, whose ancient ruins and more recent achievements were shown to every Grand Tourist. Panini's Ancient Rome and Modem Rome represent the sights most prized, including celebrated Greco-Roman statues and views of famous ruins, fountains, and churches. Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the close of the eighteenth century, Grand Tourists often saw paintings and sculptures by gaining admission to private collections, and many were eager to acquire examples of Greco-Roman and Italian art for their own collections. In England, where architecture was increasingly seen as an aristocratic pursuit, noblemen often applied what they learned from the villas of Palladio in the Veneto and the evocative (唤起回忆的) ruins of Rome to their own country houses and gardens.51. What is said about the Grand Tour?A. It was fashionable among young people of the time.B. It was unaffordable for ordinary people.C. It produced some famous European artists.D. It made a compulsory part of college education.52. What did Grand Tourists have in common?。

基础题型保分练（一）阅读理解（A、B篇）+语法填空+短文改错距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

I.阅读理解A（2023·北京延庆·统考一模）GREAT BOOKS TO TEACH CHILDREN ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGEHere is a shortened list of books sponsored by the magazines TIME and TIME for Kids that are suitable for primary schoolers. To make the list, we considered how age-appropriate the material was, and whether the tone and story line left the reader feeling engaged and empowered rather than anxious or confused.Experts recommend the youngest kids to read books that explore the beauty and fragility (脆弱) of nature. When developing an appreciation for the world around them, they can switch to books that show the cause and effect of how humans treat our planet, and why it’s important to respect the environment. For older primary school kids, picture books can illustrate how our use of fossil (化石) fuels contributes to global warming. Most of the books on the list also offer lessons about how children, families, schools, and communities can make a difference.THANK YOU, EARTH: ALOVE LETTER TO OUR PLANETBy April Pulley Sayre This photography book shows to us plants, animals and landscapes in vivid colors and descriptions. From up-close images of insects to pictures of mountain ranges, the pages introduce children to the planets’ diversity in a simple but effective way.THE LORAXBy Dr. Seuss Thanks to its rhyme, and whimsical illustration, this classic tale is suitable for young children who can grasp the scarcity of natural resources, and also older kids who can see a danger in valuing profits over long-term environmental harm.WE ARE W ATERPROTECTORSBy Carole LindstromA tribute to native tribes that are protecting the planet, this book vividly shows the harms of oil pipelines. Kids will see the value of community action, while adults will recognize the story of the native tribes Standing Rock Sioux’s fight against the Dakota Access Pipeline.POLAR BEAR, WHY IS YOUR WORLD MELTING?By Robert E. Wells This book introduces the greenhouse effect with illustrations showing how sunlight gets trapped. It then explains fossil-fuel energy, and our reliance on it for electricity and transportation. The pages are full of science.1．To make the book list for kids, what should be considered first? A．Confusing story line.B．The tone of anxiety. C．The books sponsorship.D．Age-appropriate content. 2．What can kids learn from the book “WE ARE WATER PROTECTORS”? A．They can see the value of community action.B．They can know how to protect the native tribes.C．They can recognize the story of the native tribes.D．They can understand the importance of oil pipelines.3．Which book explains how the greenhouse effect come into existence? A．THE LORAXB．WE ARE WA TER PROTECTORSC．POLAR BEAR, WHY IS YOUR WORLD MELTING?D．THANK YOU, EARTH: A LOVE LETTER TO OUR PLANET【答案】1．D2．A3．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文。

GRE阅读36篇译文Exercise 11.1与博弈理论相关的是某些寄生黄蜂的性别比率，他们拥有大量的雌蜂。

在这些蜂类中，受精卵孵化为雌蜂，未受精卵孵化为雄蜂。

雌蜂储存精子，她产的每个卵子是否受精都由雌蜂决定。

根据F的基因理论，生物倾向于这样的性别比例，即能够拥有最多数量的后代，因此能最大程度复制并传递基因，为此，产生等量的雌性和雄性后代对他们是有利的。

H认识到这些卵都在宿主，即另外的昆虫的幼虫中孵化；而且，新产生的成蜂马上交配二手很快消失，对这些现象的认知，提供了更让人信服的分析。

由于通常一个宿主幼虫只有一个雌蜂产卵，因此只孵化一只雄蜂便可获益匪浅，因为这只雄蜂可以使同时孵化出的所有的雌蜂都受精。

和F一样，H也在寻找生物进化的稳定策略，但是他更深入了一步，认识到他正在寻找这样的策略。

1.2T学者很显然是错误所谓。

J时代的美国并不是一个流动易变、平均主义的社会，个人富有和贫困只是一时的情况。

至少根据P的理论，他对美国1825-1850年极富人群的研究破除了传统观念。

为了证明这个极富阶级确实存在，P提供了大量的事例和一些让人耳目一新、清楚明了的数据。

虽然这些富人也活跃于商业和一些行业，但是大多数富人的财富不是白手起家的，而是家族世袭的。

金融风暴使得资本少的人倾家荡产，而这些富人却得以保存并且好发无损。

事实上，在一些城市这些最富裕的人的比例还继续增长，到1850年拥有一半的社会财富。

虽然这些观察是真实情况，但是P根据这些得出结论，认为美国在18世纪晚期形成的无可争议的不平等在J执政时期依然持续，美国在工业革命之前就已经是一个阶级分化严重，财阀统治的社会，未免言过其实。

1.3所谓厌氧糖酵解，是指能量在无氧状态下通过肌肉糖原分解为能量物——物乳酸和ATP的过程。

厌氧能量产生的多少与糖原的多少相关——在所有脊椎动物中大约是他们肌肉敬重的0.5%。

这样，脊椎动物厌氧能量的储存和动物的体积成正比。

比如如果捕食者攻击一个重达100吨的恐龙，这些恐龙尽管行动迟缓，但是他们通过厌氧糖酵解产生的即时能量相当于3000个人通过有氧代谢产生的能量。

GRE之OG2阅读真题精选汇总为了帮助大家更好的备考GRE阅读，小编整理了一些GRE之OG2阅读真题，小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

GRE阅读真题之OG2 Passage 26OG-2Passage 26Historian F. W. Maitland observed that legal documents are the best—indeed, often the only—available evidence about the economic and social history of a given period. Why, then, has it taken so long for historians to focus systematically on the civil (noncriminal) law of early modern (sixteenth- to eighteenth-century) England? Maitland offered one reason: the subject requires researchers to “master an extremely formal system of pleading and procedure.” Yet the complexities that confront those who would study such materials are not wholly different from those recently surmounted by historians of criminal law in England during the same period. Another possible explanation for historians’ neglect of the subject is their widespread assumption that most people in early modern England had little contact with civil law. If that were so, the history of legal matters would be of little relevance to general historical scholarship. But recent research suggests that civil litigation during the period involved artisans, merchants, professionals, shopkeepers, and farmers, and not merely a narrow, propertied, male elite. Moreover, the later sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries saw an extraordinary explosion in civil litigation by both women and men, making this the most litigious era in English history on a per capita basis.1. The passage suggests that the history of criminal law in early modern England differs from the history of civil law during that same period in that the history of criminal lawA. is of more intellectual interest to historians and their readersB. has been studied more thoroughly by historiansC. is more relevant to general social historyD. involves the study of a larger proportion of the populationE. does not require the mastery of an extremely formal system of procedures2. The author of the passage mentions the occupations of those involved in civil litigation in early modern England most likely in order toA. suggest that most historians’ assumptions about the participants in the civil legal system during that period are probably correctB. support the theory that more people participated in the civil legal system than the criminal legal system in England during that periodC. counter the claim that legal issues reveal more about a country’s ordinary citizens than about its eliteD. illustrate the wide range of people who used the civil legal system in England during that periodE. suggest that recent data on people who participated in early modern England’s legal system may not be correct3. The author of the passage suggests which of the follow ing about the “widespread assumption” (line 15)?A. Because it is true, the history of civil law is of as much interest to historians focusing on general social history as to those specializing in legal history.B. Because it is inaccurate, the history of civil law in early modern England should enrich the general historical scholarship of that period.C. It is based on inaccurate data about the propertied male elite of early modern England.D. It does not provide a plausible explanation for historians’ failure to study the civil law of early modern England.E. It is based on an analogy with criminal law in early modern England.GRE阅读真题之OG2 Passage 27OG-2Passage 27Geese can often be seen grazing in coastal salt marshes. Unfortunately, their intense grazing removes the grassy covering, exposing marsh sediment; this increases evaporation, which in turn increases salt concentration in marsh sediments. Because of this increased concentration, regrowth of plants is minimal, leading to increased erosion, which leads to a decrease in the fertile topsoil, leading to even less regrowth. In time, the salt marsh becomes a mudflat. This process challenges one of the most widely held beliefs about the dynamics of salt-marshecosystems: supposedly, consumers such as geese do not play a large role in controlling the productivity of marsh systems. Rather, the standard view claims, marshes are controlled by bottom-up factors, such as nutrients and physical factors.1. The author discusses “the standard view” (line 14) most likely in order to identify a view thatA. explains the occurrence of the chain of events described in the passageB. provides a summary of the chain of events described in the passageC. is called into question by the chain of events described in the passageD. advocates reassessment of the widely held belief described in the passageE. is undermined by the widely held belief described in the passage2. According to the passage, which of the following is a widely held belief about geese?A. They are not often seen grazing in coastal salt marshes.B. They are not the primary consumers in salt-marsh ecosystems.C. They play only a minor role in the productivity of salt-marsh ecosystems.D. They are the primary determinants of which resources will thrive in coastal salt marshes.E. They control the productivity of salt-marsh ecosystems through a bottom-up process.GRE阅读真题之OG2 Passage 28OG-2Passage 28Last year, Mayor Stephens established a special law-enforcement task force with the avowed mission of eradicating corruption in city government. The mayor’s handpicked task force has now begun prosecuting a dozen city officials. Since all of these officials were appointed by Mayor Bixby, Mayor S tephens’ predecessor and longtime political foe, it is clear that those being prosecuted have been targeted because of their political affiliations.1. Which of the following, if true, most weakens the editorial’s argument?A. Complaints of official corruption in city government have decreased since the anticorruption task force began operating.B. Former mayor Bixby did not publicly oppose Mayor Stephens’ establishment of the anticorruption task force.C. Almost all of the officials who have served in city government for any length of time are appointees of Mayor Bixby.D. All of the members of the anticorruption task force had other jobs in city government before the task force was formed.E. During the last mayoral election campaign, then–Mayor Bixby hotly disputed the current mayor’s claim that there was widespread corruption in city government. GRE阅读真题之OG2 Passage 29OG-2Passage 29The decrease in responsiveness that follows continuous stimulation (adaptation) is common to all sensory systems, including olfaction. With continued exposure to chronically present ambient odors, individuals’ perception of odor intensity is greatly reduced. Moreover, these perceptual changes can be profound and durable. It is commonly reported that following extended absences from the odorous environment, reexposure may still fail to elicit perception at the original intensity.Most research on olfactory adaptation examines relatively transient changes in stimulus detection or perceived intensity—rarely exceeding several hours and often less—but because olfactory adaptation can be produced with relatively short exposures, these durations are sufficient for investigating many parameters of the phenomenon. However, exposures to odors in natural environments often occur over far longer periods, and the resulting adaptations may differ qualitatively from short-term olfactory adaptation. For example, studies show that even brief periods of odorant stimulation produce transient reductions in receptors in the olfactory epithelium, a process termed “receptor fatigue.” Prolonged odor stimulation, however, could produce more long-lasting reductions in response, possibly involving structures higher in the central nervous system pathway.1. According to the passage, the phenomenon of olfactory adaptation may cause individuals who are reexposed to an odorous environment after an extended absence toA. experience a heightened perception of the odorB. perceive the odor as being less intense than it was upon first exposureC. return to their original level of perception of the odorD. exhibit a decreased tolerance for the odorous environmentE. experience the phenomenon of adaptation in other sensory systems2. The passage asserts which of the following about the exposures involved in the “research on olfactory adaptation” (line 11)?A. The exposures are of long enough duration for researchers to investigate many aspects of olfactory adaptation.B. The exposures have rarely consisted of reexposures following extended absences from the odorous environment.C. The exposures are intended to reproduce the relatively transient olfactory changes typical of exposures to odors in natural environments.D. Those exposures of relatively short duration are often insufficient to produce the phenomenon of receptor fatigue in study subjects.E. Those exposures lasting several hours produce reductions in receptors in the olfactory epithelium that are similar to the reductions caused by prolonged odor stimulation.3. The author of the passage discusses “receptor fatigue” (line 24) primarily in order toA. explain the physiological process through which long-lasting reductions in response are thought to be producedB. provide an example of a process that subjects would probably not experience during a prolonged period of odorant stimulationC. help illustrate how the information gathered from most olfactory research may not be sufficient to describe the effects of extended exposures to odorsD. show how studies of short-term olfactory adaptation have only accounted for the reductions in response that follow relatively brief absences from an odorous environmentE. qualify a statement about the severity and duration of the perceptual changes caused by exposure to chronically present ambient odorsGRE阅读真题之OG2 Passage 30OG-2Passage 30Among academics involved in the study of Northern Renaissance prints (reproducible graphic artworks), an orthodox position can be said to have emerged. This position regards Renaissance prints as passive representations of their time—documents that reliably record contemporary events, opinions, and beliefs—and therefore as an important means of accessing the popular contemporary consciousness. In contrast, pioneering studies such as those by Scribner and Moxey take a strikingly different approach, according to which Northern Renaissance prints were purposeful, active, and important shaping forces in the communities that produced them. Scribner, for example, contends that religious and political prints of the German Reformation (ca.1517–1555) functioned as popular propaganda: tools in a vigorous campaign aimed at altering people’s behavior, attitudes, and beliefs.For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and choose all that apply.1. The passage suggests that an adherent to the “orthodox position” (line 3) would agree with which of the following statements?A. Northern Renaissance prints should be regarded as passive representations of their time.B. Northern Renaissance prints were part of a campaign aimed at altering contemporary thinking.C. Northern Renaissance prints provide reliable records of contemporary events, opinions, and beliefs.2. Replacement of the word “passive” (line 5) which of the following words results in the least change in meaning for the passage?A. disinterestedB. submissiveC. flaccidD. supineE. unreceptive26BDB27CC28 C29 B A C30 AC A。