6级试卷和答案(2012年9月)B

Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Man and Computer by commenting on the saying, “The real danger is not that the computer will begin to think like man, but that man will begin to think like the computer.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Man and ComputerPart II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）（15 minutes）Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on A nswer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Thirst grows for living unpluggedMore people are taking breaks from the connected life amid the stillness and quiet of retreats like the Jesuit Center in Wernersville, Pennsylvania.About a year ago, I flew to Singapore to join the writer Malcolm Gladwell, the fashion designer Marc Ecko and the graphic designer Stefan Sagmeister in addressing a group of advertising people on “Marketing to the Child of Tomorrow.”Soon after I arrived, the chief executive of the agency that had invited us took me aside. What he was most interested in, he began, was stillness and quiet.A few months later, I read an interview with the well-known cutting-edge designer Philippe Starck.What allowed him to remain so consistently ahead of the curve? “I never read any magazines or watch TV,” he said, perhaps with a little exaggeration. “Nor do I go to cocktail parties, dinners or anything like that.” He lived outside conventional ideas, he implied, because “I live alone mostly, in the middle of nowhere.”Around the same time, I noticed that those who part with $2,285 a night to stay in a cliff-top room at the Post Ranch Inn in Big Sur, California, pay partly for the privilege of not having a TV in their rooms; the future of travel, I’m reliably told, lies in “black-hole resorts,” which charge high prices precisely because you can’t get online in their rooms.Has it really come to this?The more ways we have to connect, the more many of us seem desperate to unplug. Internet rescue camps in South Korea and China try to save kids addicted to the screen.Writer friends of mine pay good money to get the Freedom software that enables them to disable the very Internet connections that seemed so emancipating not long ago. Even Intel experimented in 2007 with conferring four uninterrupted hours of quiet time (no phone or e-mail) every Tuesday morning on 300 engineers and managers. Workers were not allowed to use the phone or send e-mail, but simply had the chance to clear their heads and to hear themselves think.The average American spends at least eight and a half hours a day in front of a screen, Nicholas Carr notes in his book The Shallows. The average American teenager sends or receives 75 text messages a day, though one girl managed to handle an average of 10,000 every 24 hours for a month.Since luxury is a function of scarcity, the children of tomorrow will long for nothing more than intervals of freedom from all the blinking machines, streaming videos and scrolling headlines that leave them feeling empty and too full all at once.The urgency of slowing down—to find the time and space to think—is nothing new, of course, and wiser souls have always reminded us that the more attention we pay to the moment, the less time and energy we have to place it in some larger context. “Distraction is the only thing that consoles us for our miseries,” the French philosopher Blaise Pascal wrote in the 17th century, “and yet it is itself the greatest of our miseries.” He also famously remarked that all of man’s problems come from his inability to sit quietly in a room alone.When telegraphs and trains brought in the idea that convenience was more important than content, Henry David Thoreau reminded us that “the man whose horse trots (奔跑), a mile in a minute does not carry the most important messages.”Marshall McLuhan, who came closer than most to seeing what was coming, warned, “When things come at you very fast, naturally you lose touch with yourself.”We have more and more ways to communicate, but less and less to say. Partly because we are so busy communicating. And we are rushing to meet so many deadlines that we hardly register that what we need most are lifelines.So what to do? More and more people I know seem to be turning to yoga, or meditation (沉思), or tai chi (太极)；these aren’t New Age fads (时尚的事物) so much as ways to connect with what could be called the wisdom of old age. Two friends of mine observe an “Internet sabbath (安息日)” every week, turning off their online connections from Friday night to Monday morning. Other friends take walks and “forget” their cellphones at home.A series of tests in recent years has shown, Mr. Carr points out, that after spending time in quiet rural settings, subjects “exhibit greater attentiveness, stronger memory and generally improved cognition. Their brains become both calmer and sharper.” More than that, empathy (同感，共鸣)，as well as deep thought, depends (as neuroscientists like Antonio Damasio have found) on neural processes that are “inherently slow.”I turn to eccentric measures to try to keep my mind sober and ensure that I have time to do nothing at all (which is the only time when I can see what I should be doing the rest of the time). I have yet to use a cellphone and I have never Tweeted or entered Facebook. I try not to go online till my day’s writing is finished, and I moved from Manhattan to rural Japan in part so I could more easily survive for long stretches entirely on foot.None of this is a matter of asceticism (苦行主义)；it is just pure selfishness. Nothing makes me feel better than being in one place, absorbed in a book, a conversation, or music. It is actually something deeper than mere happiness: it is joy, which the monk (僧侣) David Steindl-Rast describes as “that kind of happiness that doesn’t depend on what happens.”It is vital, of course, to stay in touch with the world. But it is only by having some distance from the world that you can see it whole, and understand what you should be doing with it.For more than 20 years, therefore, I have been going several times a year—often for no longer than three days—to a Benedictine hermitage (修道院)，40 minutes down the road, as it happens, from the Post Ranch Inn. I don’t attend services when I am there, and I have never meditated, there or anywhere; I just take walks and read and lose myself in the stillness, recalling that it is only by stepping briefly away from my wife and bosses and friends that I will have anything useful to bring to them. The last time I was in the hermitage, three months ago, I happened to meet with a youngish-looking man with a 3-year-old boy around his shoulders.“You’re Pico, aren’t you?” the man said, and introduced himself as Larry; we had met, I gathered, 19 years before, when he had been living in the hermitage as an assistant to one of the monks.“What are you doing now?” I asked.We smiled. No words were necessary.“I try to bring my kids here as often as I can,” he went on. The child of tomorrow, I realized, may actually be ahead of us, in terms of sensing not what is new, but what is essential.1. What is special about the Post Ranch Inn?A) Its rooms are well furnished but dimly lit.B) It makes guests feel like falling into a black hole.C) There is no access to television in its rooms.D) It provides all the luxuries its guests can think of.2. What does the author say the children of tomorrow will need most?A) Convenience and comfort in everyday life.B) Time away from all electronic gadgets.C) More activities to fill in their leisure time.D) Greater chances for individual development.3. What does the French philosopher Blaise Pascal say about distraction?A) It leads us to lots of mistakes.B) It renders us unable to concentrate.C) It helps release our excess energy.D) It is our greatest misery in life.4. According to Marshall McLuhan, what will happen if things come at us very fast?A) We will not know what to do with our own lives.B) We will be busy receiving and sending messages.C) We will find it difficult to meet our deadlines.D) We will not notice what is going on around us.5. What does the author say about yoga, meditation and tai chi?A) They help people understand ancient wisdom.B) They contribute to physical and mental health.C) They are ways to communicate with nature.D) They keep people from various distractions.6. What is neuroscientist Antonio Damasio’s finding?A) Quiet rural settings contribute a lot to long life.B) One’s brain becomes sharp when it is activated.C) Eccentric measures are needed to keep one’s mind sober.D) When people think deeply, their neural processes are slow.7. The author moved from Manhattan to rural Japan partly because he could _______.A) stay away from the noise of the big city.B) live without modern transportation.C) enjoy the beautiful view of the countryside.D) practice asceticism in a local hermitage8. In order to see the world whole, the author thinks it necessary to __________.9. The author takes walks and reads and loses himself in the stillness of the hermitage so that he can bring his wife and bosses and friends ___________.10. The youngish-looking man takes his little boy to the hermitage frequently so that when he grows up he will know __________.Part III Listening Comprehension （35 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Ask his boss for a lighter schedule.B) Trade places with someone else.C) Accept the extra work willingly.D) Look for a more suitable job.12. A) It is unusual for his wife to be at home now.B) He is uncertain where his wife is at the moment.C) It is strange for his wife to call him at work.D) He does not believe what the woman has told him.13. A) The man is going to send out the memo tomorrow.B) The man will drive the woman to the station.C) The speakers are traveling by train tomorrow morning.D) The woman is concerned with the man’s health.14. A) The suite booked was for a different date.B) The room booked was on a different floor.C) The room booked was not spacious enough.D) A suite was booked instead of a double room.15. A) The reason for low profits.B) The company’s sales policy.C) The fierce competition they face.D) The lack of effective promotion.16. A) Go and get the groceries at once.B) Manage with what they have.C) Do some shopping on their way home.D) Have the groceries delivered to them.17. A) The hot weather in summer.B) The problem with the air conditioner.C) The ridiculous rules of the office.D) The atmosphere in the office.18. A) Set a new stone in her ring.B) Find the priceless jewel she lost.C) Buy a ring with precious diamond.D) Shop on Oxford Street for a decent gift.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Damaging public facilities.B) Destroying urban wildlife.C) Organising rallies in the park.D) Hurting baby animals in the zoo.20. A) He had bribed the park keepers to keep quiet.B) People had differing opinions about his behaviour.C) The serious consequences of his doings were not fully realised.D) His behaviour was thought to have resulted from mental illness.21. A) Brutal.B) Justifiable.C) Too harsh.D) Well-deserved.22. A) Encouraging others to follow his wrong-doing.B) Stealing endangered animals from the zoo.C) Organising people against the authorities.D) Attacking the park keepers in broad daylight.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) She has already left school.B) She works for the handicapped.C) She is fond of practical courses.D) She is good at foreign languages.24. A) He is interested in science courses.B) He attends a boarding school.C) He speaks French and German.D) He is the brightest of her three kids.25. A) Comprehensive schools do not offer quality education.B) Parents decide what schools their children are to attend.C) Public schools are usually bigger in size than private schools.D) Children from low income families can’t really choose schools.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Encourage the students to do creative thinking.B) Help the students to develop communication skills.C) Cultivate the students’ ability to inspire employees.D) Focus on teaching the various functions of business.27. A) His teaching career at the Harvard Business School.B) His personal involvement in business management.C) His presidency at college and experience overseas.D) His education and professorship at Babson College.28. A) Development of their raw brain power.B) Exposure to the liberal arts and humanities.C) Improvement of their ability in capital management.D) Knowledge of up-to-date information technology.29. A) Reports on business and government corruption.B) His contact with government and business circles.C) Discoveries of cheating among MBA students.D) The increasing influence of the mass media.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) They have better options for their kids than colleges.B) The unreasonably high tuition is beyond their means.C) The quality of higher education may not be worth the tuition.D) They think that their kids should pay for their own education.31. A) They do too many extracurricular activities.B) They tend to select less demanding courses.C) They take part-time jobs to support themselves.D) They think few of the courses worth studying.32. A) Its samples are not representative enough.B) Its significance should not be underestimated.C) Its findings come as a surprise to many parents.D) Its criteria for academic progress are questionable.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) A newly married couple.B) A business acquaintance.C) Someone good at cooking.D) Someone you barely know.34. A) Obtain necessary information about your guests.B) Collect a couple of unusual or exotic recipes.C) Buy the best meat and the freshest fruit.D) Try to improve your cooking skills.35. A) Losing weight.B) Entertaining guests.C) Making friends.D) Cooking meals.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.People with disabilities comprise a large but diverse segment of the population. It is (36) ______ that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. (37) ______ half of these disabilities are “developmental,”i.e., they occur prior to the individual’s twenty-second birthday, often from (38) ______ conditions, and are severeenough to affect three or more areas of development, such as (39) ______, communication and employment. Most other disabilities are considered (40) ______, i.e., caused by outside forces.Before the 20th century, only a small (41) ______ of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for such conditions as stroke or spinal cord (42) ______ was unavailable. People whose disabilities should not have inherently affected their life span were often so mistreated that they (43) ______. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which (44) . Unfortunately, these basics are often all that is available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.(45) _______________________________________________________________________. Disabled people formed grassroots coalitions to advocate their rights to integration and meaningful equality of opportunity.(46) . In the mid-1970s, critical legislation mandated（规定）access to education, public transportation, and public facilities, and prohibited employment discrimination by federal agencies or employers receiving federal funds.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 54 are based on the following passage.A key process in interpersonal interaction is that of social comparison, in that we evaluate ourselves in terms of how we compare to others. In particular, we engage in two types of comparison. First, we decide whether we are superior or inferior to others on certain dimensions, such as attractiveness, intelligence, popularity, etc. Here, the important aspect is to compare with an appropriate reference group. For example, modest joggers should not compare their performance with Olympic standard marathon (马拉松) runners. Second, we judge the extent to which we are the same as or different from others. At certain stages of life, especially adolescence, the pressure to be seen as similar to peers is immense. Thus, wearing the right brand of clothes or shoes may be of the utmost importance. We also need to know whether our thoughts, beliefs and ideas are in line with those of other people. This is part of the process of self-validation whereby we employ self-disclosures to seek support for our self-concept.People who do not have access to a good listener may not only be denied the opportunity to heighten their self-awareness, but they are also denied valuable feedback as to the validity and acceptability of their inner thoughts and feelings. By discussing these with others, we receive feedback as to whether these are experiences which others have as well, or whether they are less common. Furthermore, by gauging the reactions to our self-disclosures we learn what types areacceptable or unacceptable with particular people and in specific situations. On occasions it is the fear that certain disclosures may be unacceptable to family or friends that motivates an individual to seek professional help. Counsellors will be familiar with client statements such as: “I just couldn’t talk about this to my husband.”, “I really can’t let my mother know my true feelings.” Another aspect of social comparison in the counselling context relates to a technique known as normalising. This is the process whereby helpers provide reassurance to clients that what they are experiencing is not abnormal or atypical (非典型的), but is a normal reaction shared by others when facing such circumstances. Patient disclosure, facilitated by the therapist, seems also to facilitate the process of normalising.47. To evaluate ourselves, the author thinks it important for us to compare ourselves with _______.48. During adolescence, people generally feel an immense pressure to appear _______.49. It is often difficult for people to heighten their self-awareness without _______.50. What can people do if they find what they think or say unacceptable to family or friends?51. Counsellors often assure their clients that what they experience themselves is only _______.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.Amid all the job losses, there’s one category of worker that the economic disruption has been good for: nonhumans.From self-service checkout lines at the supermarket to industrial robots armed with saws and taught to carve up animal bodies in slaughter-houses, these ever-more-intelligent machines are now not just assisting workers but actually kicking them out of their jobs.Automation isn’t just affecting factory workers, either. Some law firms now use artificial intelligence software to scan and read mountains of legal documents, work that previously was performed by highly-paid human lawyers.“Robots continue to have an impact on blue-collar jobs, and white-collar jobs are under attack by microprocessors,”says economics professor Edward Leamer. The recession permanently wiped out 2.5 million jobs. U.S. gross domestic product has climbed back to pre-recession levels, meaning we’re producing as much as before, only with 6% fewer workers. To be sure, robotics are not the only job killers out there, with outsourcing (外包) stealing far more jobs than automation.Jeff Burnstein, president of the Robotics Industry Association, argues that robots actually save U.S. jobs. His logic: companies that embrace automation might use fewer workers, but that’s still better than firing everyone and moving the work overseas.It’s not that robots are cheaper than humans, though often they are. It’s that they’re better. “In some cases the quality requirements are so exacting that even if you wanted to have a human do the job, you couldn’t,” Burnstein says.Same goes for surgeons, who’re using robotic systems to perform an ever-growing list of operations—not because the machines save money but because, thanks to the greater precision of robots, the patients recover in less time and have fewer complications, says Dr. Myriam Curet.Surgeons may survive the robot invasion, but others at the hospital might not be so lucky, as iRobot, maker of the Roomba, a robot vacuum cleaner, has been showing off Ava, which could be used as a messenger in a hospital. And once you’re home, recovering, Ava could let you talk to your doctor, so there’s no need to send someone to your house. That “mobile telepresence” could be useful at the office. If you’re away on a trip, you can still attend a meeting. Just connect via videoconferencing software, so your face appears on Ava’s screen.Is any job safe? I was hoping to say “journalist,” but researchers are already developing software that can gather facts and write a news story. Which means that a few years from now, a robot could be writing this column. And who will read it? Well, there might be a lot of us hanging around with lots of free time on our hands.52. What do we learn from the first few paragraphs?A) The over-use of robots has done damage to American economy.B) It is hard for robots to replace humans in highly professional work.C) Artificial intelligence is key to future technological innovations.D) The robotic industry has benefited from the economic recession.53. What caused the greatest loss of jobs in America?A) Using microprocessors extensively.B) Moving production to other countries.C) The bankruptcy of many companies.D) The invasion of migrant workers.54. What does Jeff Burnstein say about robots?A) They help companies to revive.B) They are cheaper than humans.C) They prevent job losses in a way.D) They compete with human workers.55. Why are robotic systems replacing surgeons in more and more operations according to Dr. Myriam Curet?A) They save lots of money for the patients.B) They beat humans in precision.C) They take less time to perform a surgery.D) They make operations less painful.56. What does the author imply about robotics?A) It will greatly enrich literary creation.B) It will start a new technological revolution.C) It will revolutionize scientific research.D) It will be applied in any field imaginable.Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.You’ve now heard it so many times, you can probably repeat it in your sleep. President Obama will no doubt make the point publicly when he gets to Beijing: the Chinese need to consume more; they need—believe it or not—to become more like Americans, for the sake of the global economy.And it’s all true. But the other side of that equation is that the U.S. needs to save more. For the moment, American households actually are doing so. After the personal-savings rate dipped to zero in 2005, the shock of the economic crisis last year prompted people to snap shut their wallets.In China, the household-savings rate exceeds 20%. It is partly for policy reasons. As we’ve seen, wage earners are expected to care for not only their children but their aging parents. And there is, to date, only the flimsiest (脆弱的) of publicly-funded health care and pension systems, which increases incentives for individuals to save while they are working. But China is a society that has long esteemed personal financial prudence (谨慎). There is no chance that will change anytime soon, even if the government creates a better social safety net and successfully encourages greater consumer spending.Why does the U.S. need to learn a little frugality (节俭)？Because healthy savings rates are one of the surest indicators of a country’s long-term financial health. High savings lead, over time, to increased investment, which in turn generates productivity gains, innovation and job growth. In short, savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest.The U.S. government thus needs to act as well. By running constant deficits, it is dis-saving, even as households save more. Peter Orszag, Obama’s Budget Director, recently called the U.S. budget deficits unsustainable and he’s right. To date, the U.S. has seemed unable to see the consequences of spending so much more than is taken in. That needs to change. And though Hu Jintao and the rest of the Chinese leadership aren’t inclined to lecture visiting Presidents, he might gently hint that Beijing is getting a little nervous about the value of the dollar—which has fallen 15% since March, in large part because of increasing fears that America’s debt load is becoming unmanageable.That’s what happens when you’re the world’s biggest creditor: you get to drop hints like that, which would be enough by themselves to create international economic chaos if they were ever leaked. (Every time any official in Beijing deliberates publicly about seeking an alternative to the U.S. dollar for the $2.1 trillion China holds in reserve, currency traders have a heart attack.) If Americans saved more and spent less, consistently over time, they wouldn’t have to worry about all that.57. How did the economic crisis affect Americans?A) They had to tighten their belts.B) Their bank savings rate dropped to zero.。

2012年6月大学英语6级考试试题PartⅠ WritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication following the outline below. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication PartⅡ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from-the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes this offer to well-prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about $43,000—the amount of one year's tuition and fees. A number of innovativecolleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That's both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world's best universities.A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world's wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of theworld's brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险) within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for-profit, orreligious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the $32 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring "school year" hasn't changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a nation of farmers and students put their books away to work the soil during the summer. That long summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year. "While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college," he has written.Within academic departments, tenure (终身职位), combined withage-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles (压制) them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of theirfixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now standstwice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school's new three-year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated students who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, three-year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these studentstake 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four-week course duringwhich students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three-year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn't a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Studentsattend "short terms" in May and June to earn the credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with AdvancedPlacement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college-level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don't plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School's residency (住院医生) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt's undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates. "My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year," says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor's class. Iowa's Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year-degree programs, but is now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce."Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of educationin this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth," Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. "I strongly disagree with this approach." Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce lessrevenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most schools. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campuses more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg's advice: open campuses year-round. "You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties," he says. "That's without cutting the length of students' vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more."Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive andrelevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students foreven higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more-focused, less-expensive degrees may findthat they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright,motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.1. Why did Hartwick College start three-year degree programs?A) To create chances for the poor. B) To cut students' expenses.C) To enroll more students. D) To solve its financial problems.2. By quoting Stephen Trachtenberg the author wants to saythat______.A) American universities are resistant to changeB) the summer vacation contributes to student growthC) college facilities could be put to more effective useD) the costs of running a university are soaring3. The author thinks the tenure system in Americanuniversities______.A) suppresses creative thinking B) creates conflicts among colleaguesC) guarantees academic freedom D) is a sign of age discrimination4. What is said about the new three-year degree program at Hartwick?A) Its students have to earn more credits each year.B) Non-credit courses are eliminated altogether.C) Its faculty members teach more hours a week.D) Some summer courses are offered free of charge.5. What do we learn about Judson College's three-year degree program?A) It has been running for several decades. B) It is open to the brightest students only.C) It is the most successful in the country. D) It has many practical courses on offer.6. What changes in high schools help students earn undergraduate degrees in three years?A) Curriculums have been adapted to students' needs.B) More students have Advanced Placement credits.C) More elective courses are offered in high school.D) The overall quality of education has improved.7. What is said to be a drawback of the three-year college program?A) Students have to cope with too heavy a workload.B) Students don't have much time to roam intellectually.C) Students have little time to gain practical experience.D) Students don't have prized professors to teach them.8. College faculty members are afraid that the pretext of moving students into the workforce might pose a threat to______.9. Universities are increasingly aware that they must adapt to a rapidly changing world in order to ______.10. Convenient academic schedules with more-focused, less-expensive degrees will be more attractive to ______.Part Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) The serious accident may leave Anna paralyzed.B) The man happened to see Anna fall on her back.C) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while.D) The doctor's therapy has been very successful.12. A) The man could watch the ballet with her. B) She happened to have bought two tickets.C) She can get a ballet ticket for the man. D) Her schedule conflicts with her sister's.13. A) He will send someone right away. B) He has to do other repairs first.C) The woman can call later that day. D) The woman can try to fix it herself.14. A) Take up a collection next week. B) Give his contribution some time later.C) Buy an expensive gift for Gemma. D) Borrow some money from the woman.15. A) Decline the invitation as early as possible. B) Ask Tony to convey thanks to his mother.C) Tell Tony's mother that she eats no meat. D) Add more fruits and vegetables to her diet.16. A) The increasing crime rate. B) The impact of mass media.C) The circulation of newspapers. D) The coverage of newspapers.17. A) Limit the number of participants in the conference.B) Check the number of people who have registered.C) Provide people with advice on career development.D) Move the conference to a more spacious place.18. A) The apartment is still available. B) The apartment is close to the campus.C) The advertisement is outdated. D) On-campus housing is hard to secure.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals.B) To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the mate one.C) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other.D) To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill.20. A) Produce the appropriate sound. B) Press the right-hand lever first.C) Raise their heads above the water. D) Swim straight into the same tank.21. A) Only one dolphin was able to see the light. B) The male dolphin received more rewards.C) Both dolphins were put in the same tank. D) The lever was beyond the dolphins' reach.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) In a botanical garden. B) In a lecture room.C) In a resort town. D) On a cattle farm.23. A) It is an ideal place for people to retire to.B) It is at the centre of the fashion industry.C) It remains very attractive with its mineral waters.D) It has kept many traditions from Victorian times.24. A) It was named after a land owner in the old days.B) It is located in the eastern part of Harrogate.C) It is protected as parkland by a special law.D) It will be used as a centre for athletic training.25. A) The beautiful flowers. B) The refreshing air.C) The mineral waters. D) The vast grassland.Section B Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) He provides counseling for university studentsB) He teaches psychology at Ohio State University.C) He has experience tutoring black students.D) He specializes in interpersonal relationships.27. A) Students who scored low on standardized tests.B) Black freshmen with high standardized test scores.C) Students who are accustomed to living in dorms.D) Black students from families with low incomes.28. A) They moved out of the college dorms at the end of the semester.B) They were more appreciative of the university's housing policy.C) They generally spent more time together than white pairs.D) They broke up more often than same-race roommates.29. A) Their racial attitudes improved. B) Their test scores rose gradually.C) They grew bored of each other. D) They started doing similar activities.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) It will become popular gradually. B) It will change the concept of food.C) It has attracted worldwide attention. D) It can help solve global food crises.31. A) It has been increased over the years. B) It has been drastically cut by NASA.C) It is still far from being sufficient. D) It comes regularly from its donors.32. A) They are less healthy than we expected. B) They are not as expensive as before.C) They are more nutritious and delicious. D) They are not as natural as we believed.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) He has bitter memories of childhood. 13) He was accused of family violence.C) He is a habitual criminal. D) He was wrongly imprisoned.34. A) The jury's prejudice against his race. B) The evidence found at the crime scene.C) The two victims' identification. D) The testimony of his two friends.35. A) The US judicial system has much room for improvement.B) Frightened victims can rarely make correct identification.C) Eyewitnesses are often misled by the lawyer's questions.D) Many factors influence the accuracy of witness testimony.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.About 700,000 children in Mexico dropped out of school last year as recession-stricken families pushed kids to work, and a weak economic recovery will allow only a (36) improvement in the drop-out rate in 2010, a top education (37) said.Mexico's economy suffered more than any other in Latin Americalast year, (38) an estimated 7 percent due to a (39) in U.S. demandfor Mexican exports such as cars.The (40) led to a 4 percent increase in the number of kids wholeft (41) or middle school in 2009, said Juan de Dios Castro, who (42) the nation's adult education program and keeps a close watch on drop-out rates." (43) rose and that is a factor that makes our job more difficult," Castro told Reuters in an interview earlier this month.(44). As a result, drop-out rates will not improve much, Castro said."There will be some improvement, but not significant," Castro said.(45). And children often sell candy and crafts in the streets or work in restaurants.(46). Mexico's politicians have resisted mending the country's tax, energy and labor laws for decades, leaving its economy behind countries such as Brazil and Chile.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.In face of global warming, much effort has been focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions through a variety of strategies~ But while much of the research and innovation has concentrated on finding less-polluting energy alternatives, it may be decades before clean technologies like wind and solar meet a significant portion of our energy needs.In the meantime, the amount of CO2 in the air is rapidly approaching the limits proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). "As long as we're consuming fossil fuels,we're putting out CO2," says Klaus Lackner, a geophysicist at Columbia University. "We cannot let the CO2 in the atmosphere rise indefinitely."That sense of urgency has increased interest in capturing and storing CO2, which the IPCC says could provide the more than 50% reduction in emissions thought needed to reduce global warming. "We see the potential for capture and storage to play an integral role in reducing emissions," says Kim Corley, Shell's senior advisor of CO2and environmental affairs. That forward thinking strategy is gaining support. The U.S. Department of Energy recently proposed putting $1 billion into new $2.4 billion coal-burning energy plant. The plant's carbon-capture technologies would serve as a pilot project for other new coal-burning plants.But what do you do with the gas once you've captured it? Oneoption is to put it to new uses. Dakota Gasification of North Dakota captures CO2 at a plant that converts coal into synthetic natural gas. It then ships the gas 200 miles by pipeline to Canada, where it is pumped underground in oil recovery operations. In the Netherlands, Shell delivers CO2 to farmers who pipe it into their greenhouses, increasing their yield of fruits and vegetables.However, scientists say that the scale of CO2 emissions will require vast amounts of long-term storage. Some propose storing the CO2 in coal mines or liquid storage in the ocean. Shell favorsstoring CO2 in deep geological structures such as saline (盐的) formations and exhausted oil and gas fields that exist throughout the world.47. What are suggested as renewable and less-polluting energy alternatives?48. What does the author say is a forward thinking strategy concerning the reduction of CO2 emissions?49. One way of handling the captured CO2 as suggested by theauthor is to store it and______.50. Through using CO2, Dutch farmers have been able to______.51. Long-term storage of CO2 is no easy job because of______.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting generally produces the best results. That's partially because it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and exert more effort, to achieve those goals.What's far less understood by scientists, however, are the potentially harmful effects of goal-setting.Newspapers relay daily accounts of goal-setting prevalent in industries and businesses up and down both Wall Street and Main Street, yet there has been surprisingly little research on how the long- trumpeted practice Of setting goals may have contributed to the current economic crisis, and unethical (不道德的) behavior in general."Goals are widely used and promoted as having really beneficial effects. And yet, the same motivation that can push people to exert more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to engage in unethical behaviors," says Maurice Schweitzer, an associate professor at Penn's Wharton School."It turns out there's no economic benefit to just having a goal—you just get a psychological benefit." Schweitzer says. "But in many cases, goals have economic rewards that make them more powerful."A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers used financialincentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not profitable.Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales quota on its auto repair staff. It prompted employees to overcharge for work and to complete unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis.Schweitzer concedes his research runs counter to a very large body of literature that commends the many benefits of goal-setting. Advocates of the practice have taken issue with his team's use of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-prescribed.In a rebuttal (反驳) paper, Dr. Edwin Locke writes: "Goal-setting is not going away. Organizations cannot thrive without being focused on their desired end results any more than an individual can thrive without goals to provide a sense of purpose."But Schweitzer contends the "mounting causal evidence" linking goal-setting and harmful behavior should be studied to help spotlight issues that merit caution and further investigation. "Even a few negative effects could be so large that they outweigh many positive effects," he says."Goal-setting does help to coordinate and motivate people. My idea would be to combine that with careful oversight, a strong organizational culture, and make sure the goals that you use are going to be constructive and not significantly harm the organization," Schweitzer says.52. What message does the author try to convey about goal-setting?A) Its negative effects have long been neglected.B) The goals increase people's work efficiency.C) Its role has been largely underestimated.D) The goals most people set are unrealistic.53. What does Maurice Schweitzer want to show by citing the example of Enron?A) Setting realistic goals can turn a failing business into success.B) Businesses are less likely to succeed without settingrealistic goals.C) Financial incentives ensure companies meet specific revenue goals.D) Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power.54. How did Sears' goal-setting affect its employees?A) They were obliged to work more hours to increase their sales.B) They competed with one another to attract more customers.C) They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota.D) They improved their customer services on a companywide basis.55. What do advocates of goal-setting think of Schweitzer's research?A) Its findings are not of much practical value.B) It exaggerates the side effects of goal-setting.C) Its conclusion is not based on solid scientific evidence.D) It runs counter to the existing literature on the subject.56. What is Schweitzer's contention against Edwin Locke?A) The link between goal-setting and harmful behavior deserves further study.B) Goal-setting has become too deep-rooted in corporate culture.C) The positive effects of goal-setting outweigh its negative effects.D) Studying goal-setting can throw more light on successful business practices.Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.For most of the 20th century, Asia asked itself what it could learn from the modern, innovating West. Now the question must be reversed: what can the West's overly indebted and sluggish (经济滞长的) nations learn from a flourishing Asia?Just a few decades ago, Asia's two giants were stagnating (停滞不前) under faulty economic ideologies. However, once China began embracing free-market reforms in the 1980s, followed by India in the 1990s, both countries achieved rapid growth. Crucially, as they opened up their markets, they balanced market economy with sensible government direction. As the Indian economist Amartya Sen has wisely said, "The invisible hand of the market has often relied heavily on the visible hand of government."Contrast this middle path with America and Europe, which have each gone ideologically overboard in their own ways. Since the 1980s, America has been increasingly clinging to the ideology of uncontrolled free markets and dismissing the role of government—following Ronald Reagan's idea that "government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem." Of course, when the markets came crashing down in 2007, it was decisive government intervention that saved the day. Despite this fact, many Americans are still strongly opposed to "big government".If Americans could only free themselves from their antigovernment doctrine, they would begin to see that American's problems are not insoluble. A few sensible federal measures could put the country back on the right path. A simple consumption tax of, say, 5% would significantly reduce the country's huge government deficit without damaging productivity. A small gasoline tax would help free America from its dependence on oil imports and create incentives for green energy development. In the same way, a significant reduction of。

2012年6月六级真题Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year Solution Hartwick College, a small liberal-arts自由教育school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition学费and fees规费. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious焦虑的about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey调查ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s bright est students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril 危险within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit非盈利, for profit, or religious宗教的institutions机构of higher learning. In addition此外, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government联邦政府provides for university research is awarded受赏competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance例如, the idea of the fall-to-spring “school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when wewere a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former前任的George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates估算that a typical college uses its facilities设备for academic purposes目的、用途a little more than half the calendar日历year.“While college facilities sit idle闲置, they continue to generate maintenance维护expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments部门, tenure终身职位，combined with age-discrimination歧视、辨别laws, makes faculty系、科turnover流通—critical关键的for a university to remain current趋势、流通in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles压制them: younger professors must win the approval认同of established已建立的colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness类似心理and sometimes inhibiting抑制the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition学费has soared飙升, leaving graduating students with unprecedented空前的loan借、贷款debt. Strong campus校园presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount数量of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured诱惑by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress国会has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack堆of congressional regulations条例、规程governing federal student grants津贴and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out填these forms consume 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions设想、假定about what a college degree学位means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma毕业证? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in参加the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated studentwho wish to save money or to move along more rapidly迅速的toward advanced degrees.By eliminating消除that extra year, three year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits学分a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required必需的, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack破裂at course registration注册、登记. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-y ear degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through轻松做. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in May and June to earn the credits required fo r graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level阶段、水平are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement大学预修课(AP) credits amounting to a semester学期or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree本科学历, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal呼吁、吸引力. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency 住院医生program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my senior毕业year, which meant I had to take three to four labs实验室a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator参议员and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks缺点to moving through school at such a brisk轻快的、敏锐的pace步伐.For one, it deprives剥夺students of the luxury of time to roam 遨游intellectually理性的、智力的. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging从事、占用in extracurricular业余的、课外的activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized珍贵的professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out逐步淘汰the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty学院、系members will be wary of提防、当心any change that threatens the core核心curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive设想of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,” Derek Bok, former president of Harva rd, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this approach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue税收for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting采用a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle处理tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious成本意识may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round. “You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties, ”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant有意义的、相关的they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding扩大the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators立法者for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universitiesavoid the perils风险of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。

2012年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案2012年6月16日大学英语六级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Di recti o ns： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the In ternet on Interpers onal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Inter net on Interpers onml Communicati onPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 ・7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）、B）、C）and D）. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage・The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years in stead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year's tuition and fees. A number of irinovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about savi ng time and money. Thafs both an opport unity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world's best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world's wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world5s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril （危险）within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring“school year”hasn't changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar ye ar.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to gen erate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college," he has written.Within academic departments, tenure（终身职位），combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. In stead of protecti ng speech and encouraging diversity and inn ovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles（压制）them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Mean while, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecede nted loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the schooPs new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advaneed degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, in eluding a number of intern ational sites. Summer courses are not required, but a stude nt may enroll in them一and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay-The three-year degree isn't a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend "short terms55 in May and June to earn the credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don5t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Serge nt, head of Vanderbilt University Medical SchooPs residency （住院医生）program, enrolled in Vanderbilfs undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates/1 My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in.丨basically skipped my senior year," says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam （遨游）intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor's class. Iowa's Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience一academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,55 Derek Bok, former preside nt of Harvard, told The Washi ngton Post. u l strongly disagree with this approach." Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg's advice: open campuses year-round."You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,"he says.“That's without cubing the length of students' vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system一or all of the above一universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and releva nt they must adapt to a rapidly changi ng world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult thanasking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracti ng bright, motivated stude nts. These sorts of inn ovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2012年“迎春杯”数学解题能力展示初赛试卷（六年级）一、填空题（每题8分,共32分）1．（8分）算式（9+7+5+3+1）×12的计算结果是 ．2．（8分）将棱长为5的大正方体切割成125个棱长为1的小正方体,这些小正方体的表面积总和是原大正方体表面积的 倍．3．（8分）一辆玩具汽车,第一天按100%的利润定价,无人来买;第二天降价10%,还是无人买;第三天再降价360元,终于卖出．已知卖出的价格是进价的1.44倍,那么这辆玩具汽车的进价是 元．4．（8分）在如图中竖式除法中,被除数为 ．二、填空题（每小题10分,共40分）5．（10分）一个电子钟表上总把日期显示为八位数,如2011年1月1日显示为20110101,那么2011年最后一个能被101整除的日子是,那么＝ ．6．（10分）一个n位正整数x,如果把它补在任意两个正整数的后面,所得两个新数的乘积的末尾还是x,那么称x是“吉祥数”．例如：6就是一个“吉祥数”;但16不是,因为116×216＝25056,末尾不再是16．所有位数不超过3位的“吉祥数”之和是 ．7．（10分）有一个足够深的水槽,底面的长为16厘米、宽为12厘米的长方形,原本在水槽里盛有6厘米深的水和6厘米深的油（油在水的上方）．如果在水槽中放入一个长、宽、高分别为8厘米、8厘米、12厘米的铁块,那么油层的层高是 厘米．8．（10分）有一个6×6的正方形,分成36个1×1的正方形．选出其中一些1×1的正方形并画出它们的对角线,使得所画出的任何两条对角线都没有公共点,那么最多可以画出 条对角线．四、标题9．（12分）甲车从A地开往B地,同时乙车也从B地开往A地,甲车速度是每小时80千米,乙速度是每小时70千米,甲车在中途C地停车,15分钟后乙车到达C地,这时甲车继续行驶．如果两车同时到达目的地,那么A、B两地相距 千米．10．（12分）如果自然数a的各位数字之和等于5,那么称a为“龙腾数”．将所有的“龙腾数”从小到大排成一列,2012排的这一列数中的第 个．11．（12分）在如图中,将一个每边长均为12厘米的正八边形的8个顶点间隔地连线,可以连出两个正方形．图中阴影部分的面积是 平方厘米．12．（12分）用横向或纵向的线连接所有的黑点和白点并形成自身不想交的回路,这个回路在黑点处必须拐直角弯,且前一格和后一格都必须直行通过;在白点处必须直行通过,且在前一格或者后一格（至少一处）拐直角弯．例如,图2的画法是图1的唯一解．如果按照这个规则在图3中画出回路,那么这条回路一共拐了 次弯．2012年“迎春杯”数学解题能力展示初赛试卷（六年级）参考答案与试题解析一、填空题（每题8分,共32分）1．（8分）算式（9+7+5+3+1）×12的计算结果是　310　．【解答】解：（9+7+5+3+1）×12＝[（9+7+5+3+1）+（++++）]×12＝[（9+7+5+3+1）+（1﹣+﹣+﹣+﹣]×12＝[（9+7+5+3+1）+（1﹣）]×12＝（25+）×12＝25×12+×12＝300+10＝310故答案为：310．2．（8分）将棱长为5的大正方体切割成125个棱长为1的小正方体,这些小正方体的表面积总和是原大正方体表面积的　5　倍．【解答】解：根据分析,原立方体共6个面,每切一次增加2个面,为切成125小块须切4+4+4＝12刀,共增加24个面,最后的表面积是起初的面积的＝5倍．故答案是：5．3．（8分）一辆玩具汽车,第一天按100%的利润定价,无人来买;第二天降价10%,还是无人买;第三天再降价360元,终于卖出．已知卖出的价格是进价的1.44倍,那么这辆玩具汽车的进价是　1000　元．【解答】解：根据分析,设汽车进价为x元,则有：（1+100%）x×（1﹣10%）﹣360＝1.44x解得：x＝1000．故答案是：1000元．4．（8分）在如图中竖式除法中,被除数为　20952　．【解答】解：依题意可知：首先分析第一个突破口为阶梯型,只能是10﹣9型,再根据突破口2首位数字是2还有余数只能是1,所以商的首位数字是1,除数的前两位数字为10,再根据100多需要乘以9才能得到900多,同时尾数是2,那么8×9＝72满足条件,再根据最后的三位数是108的4倍就是432．那么除数为108,商为194,被除数为：108×194＝20952．故答案为：20952二、填空题（每小题10分,共40分）5．（10分）一个电子钟表上总把日期显示为八位数,如2011年1月1日显示为20110101,那么2011年最后一个能被101整除的日子是,那么＝　1221　．【解答】解：首先分析101的整除特性就是两位截断后奇段减去偶数段的差能被101整除．因为最后一个日,我们看一下12月份有没有,另＝12．偶数段的和是20+12＝32,那么奇数段的和也是32才满足条件,32﹣11＝21即＝1221．方法二：试除法,另．20111299÷101＝199121…78.20111299﹣78＝20111221.＝1221故答案为：1221．6．（10分）一个n位正整数x,如果把它补在任意两个正整数的后面,所得两个新数的乘积的末尾还是x,那么称x是“吉祥数”．例如：6就是一个“吉祥数”;但16不是,因为116×216＝25056,末尾不再是16．所有位数不超过3位的“吉祥数”之和是　1114　．【解答】解：①一位数的吉祥数只能是1,5,6．②设符合条件的两位数,满足﹣被100整除,能够被100整除,当尾数b＝1时没有满足条件的数字．当尾数b＝5时,数字25满足条件．当尾数b＝6时,数字76满足条件．③设符合条件的三位数是,则必有﹣倍1000整除,即能够被1000整除．当尾数满足两位数＝25时,a＝6满足条件．当尾数满足两位数＝76时,a＝3满足条件．所以吉祥数的和为：1+5+6+25+76+625+376＝1114．故答案为：1114．7．（10分）有一个足够深的水槽,底面的长为16厘米、宽为12厘米的长方形,原本在水槽里盛有6厘米深的水和6厘米深的油（油在水的上方）．如果在水槽中放入一个长、宽、高分别为8厘米、8厘米、12厘米的铁块,那么油层的层高是　7　厘米．【解答】解：根据分析,水高＝16×12×6÷（16×12﹣8×8）＝9（厘米）,设油层高为x厘米,故：油层的体积V＝16×12×6＝（12﹣9）×（16×12﹣8×8）+（x﹣3）×16×12,解得：x＝7．即：油层的层高是7厘米．故答案是：78．（10分）有一个6×6的正方形,分成36个1×1的正方形．选出其中一些1×1的正方形并画出它们的对角线,使得所画出的任何两条对角线都没有公共点,那么最多可以画出　21　条对角线．【解答】解：如左图所示,a1、a2两行总共至多能画7条对角线（l1上有7个点,每条对角线都要用一个点）同理：a3、a4两行也至多能画7条对角线,a5、a6两行也如此．因此,最多可画7×3＝21条对角线．故答案为21．构造如右图所示．四、标题9．（12分）甲车从A地开往B地,同时乙车也从B地开往A地,甲车速度是每小时80千米,乙速度是每小时70千米,甲车在中途C地停车,15分钟后乙车到达C地,这时甲车继续行驶．如果两车同时到达目的地,那么A、B两地相距　140　千米．【解答】解：设A、B两地相距x千米．15分钟＝小时x÷80＝x÷70﹣x﹣x＝x＝4x＝140答：A、B两地相距140千米．故答案为：140．10．（12分）如果自然数a的各位数字之和等于5,那么称a为“龙腾数”．将所有的“龙腾数”从小到大排成一列,2012排的这一列数中的第　38　个．【解答】解：依题意可知：枚举小于等于2012的所谓“龙腾数”一位数：1个是5．两位数：5个14,23,32,41,50．三位数：104,113,122,131,140,203,212,221,230,302,311,320,401,410.500共15个．四位数：首位是1的数字,那么其他是数字和为4的三位数即可．103,112,121,130,202,211,220,301,310,400还有004,013,022,031,040．首位数字是2的有2003．2012前面有1+5+15+15+1＝37个．故答案为：3811．（12分）在如图中,将一个每边长均为12厘米的正八边形的8个顶点间隔地连线,可以连出两个正方形．图中阴影部分的面积是　288　平方厘米．【解答】解：根据分析,显然阴影面积可分解为八个面积相等（轮转对称）的三角形,其底为12,作其高如图所示,不难看出,图中两个三角形是完全一样的,（弦图）,从而h＝＝6,阴影部分面积为：S＝＝288．故答案是：288．12．（12分）用横向或纵向的线连接所有的黑点和白点并形成自身不想交的回路,这个回路在黑点处必须拐直角弯,且前一格和后一格都必须直行通过;在白点处必须直行通过,且在前一格或者后一格（至少一处）拐直角弯．例如,图2的画法是图1的唯一解．如果按照这个规则在图3中画出回路,那么这条回路一共拐了　20　次弯．【解答】解：依题意,白圈和黑圈的连接方式如下：依此,突破口类型如左图所示：最终的连接方式如右图所示：拐弯次数为20．故答案为20．11。

2012年6月16日大学英语六级考试真题附答案Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning)（15minutes）Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1。

For questions 1-7，choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）、B)、C）and D). For questions 8—10，complete the sentences with the information given in the passage。

The Three—Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students：earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four，and save about 543,000—the amount of one year's tuition and fees。

2012年12月大学英语六级(CET-6)参考答案Ⅰ【作文】On Maintaining TrustTrustis crucial and indispensable in maintaining a relationship. Without trust, wecannot get along well with other people, let alone cooperate with them or gethelp from them. People are social animals. Without interacting with otherpeople, life would be dull and meaningless。

Nowadays,the whole society is faced with “credit crisis”. We become unwillingly tobelieve the governments, friends, colleagues and strangers. This poses a greatthreat to the building of a harmonious society. And sometimes, we even believedthat we might be deceived if we trust too much. But in our everyday life, if wedon’t trust other people, we could live in torment. Since trust is of greatsignificance, what should we do to improve our sense of trust? First of all, wecannot lie to those who trust us. Secondly, it’s never too late to apologize toothers for our mistakes. What’s more, we should strike a trust balance between ourselves and others。

2023年6月英语六级真题及答案(完整版)2023年6月英语六级真题及答案(完整版)大学英语考试根据理工科本科和文理科本科用的两个《大学英语教学大纲》，由教育部（原国家教育委员会）高等教育司组织的全国统一的单科性标准化教学考试，下面是小编给大家推荐的2023年6月英语六级真题及答案完整版。

欢迎大家来阅读。

2023年6月英语四级真题及答案完整版2023英语六级答案6月（完整版）第一套听力1.B ) It was warm and comfortable .2.B ) She misses her roommates she used to complain about .3.C ) He had a similar feeling to the woman ' s .4.A ) Go to see the woman ' s apartment .5.D ) He has published a book recently .6.C ) It has not prepared young people for the jobi ja market .7.A ) More of the budget should go to science and technology .8.D ) Cultivate better citizens .9. A ) It is quite common .10. B ) Engaging in regular contemplation .11. D ) Reflecting during ones relaxation .12. C ) There existed post offices .13. D ) It kept people in the deserts and plains connected .14. B ) It commissioned private wagons to carry the mail .15. C ) He examined its historical trends with data science .16. A ) Higher levels of anxiety may improve people ' s memory .17.C ) They measured the participants ' anxiety levels . SP18. B ) Extreme levels of anxiety can adversely affect cognitive performance .19. D ) They expect to get instantaneous responses to their inquiry .20. C ) Speaking directly to their emotions .21.B ) Keep up with the latest technological developments .22. D )- Friendships benefit work .23. A ) The impact of friends on people ' s self - esteem .24. D ) They increase people ' s job satisfaction .25. A ) Allow employees to have a flexible work schedule .2023英语六级答案6月（完整版）第二套听力1.A) She is drawn to its integration of design andengineering .2.D) Through hard work3.C) It is long - lasting .4.A) Computer science .5.B) He is well known to the public .6.D) Serve as a personal assistant .7.D) He has little previous work experience .8.C) He has a high proficiency in several languages .9.A) They have fewer rules and pressures .10.B) They rob kids of the chance to cultivate their courage .11.C) Let them participate in some less risky outdooractivities .12.B) Tech firms intentionally design products to have shortlifespans13.C) List a repairability score of their products .14.D) Take the initiative to reduce e lectronie waste .15.A) It can be solved .16.B) How to prevent employees from cyberloafing .17.C) Cyberloafing may relieve employees of stress .18.A) Taking mini - breaks means better job performance19.D) There were no trees .20.B) He founded a newspaper and used it to promote hisideas .21.C) One million trees were planted throughout Nebraska22.B) They moved out of Africa about 60,000 years ago .23.D) The discovery of two modern human teeth in China .24.A) There must have been some reason for humanmigration .25.D) What path modern humans took to migrate out of Africa2023英语六级答案6月（完整版）第三套听力：待更新2023六月英语六级答案——选词填空（第一套）Scientists recently examined studies on dog intelligence ..26.N surpass27.K previously28.O volumn29.M prove30.A affirmed31.G formidable32.D differentiate33.E distinct34.C completely35.I overstated2023六月英语六级答案——选词填空（第二套）Imagine sitting down to a big dinner ...26.H indulging27.I innumerable28.J morality29.A attributes30.K odds31.M regulatory32.G inclined33.N still34.E diminishing35.B comprised2023六月英语六级答案——选词填空（第三套）You might not know yourself as wellasyouthink ...26.L relatively27.I probes28.A activated29.k recall30.D consecutive31.C assessment32.G discrepancy33.E cues34.J random35.O terminate2023英语六级答案6月（完整版）信息匹配1答案速查36-40 GDJHB41-45 ICLEN36.【 G 】 With only 26 students ...37.【 D 】I’ve had the priviledge of38.【 J 】 The average tuition at a small ...39.【 H 】" Living in close community ..40.【 B 】 In higher education the trend ...41.【 I 】 Sterling Collegein Craftsbury Common ..42.【 C 】 Tiny Colleges focus not just on mi43.【 L 】 The " trick " to making tiny colleges ...44.【 E 】 Having just retired from teaching at a ...45.【 N 】The ultimate justification for a tiny college……2023英语六级答案6月（完整版）信息匹配236-40 CGAIF41-45 KDMBH36【 C 】 Defoe ' s masterpiece , which is often ..37【 G 】 There are multiple explanations ...38【 A 】 Gratitude may be more beneficiasm39【 I 】 Of course , act of kindness can also ...40【 F 】 Recent scientific studies support .41【 K 】 Reflecting on generosity and gratitude ...42【 D 】 When we focus on the things ....43【 M 】When Defoe depicted Robinson ...44【 B 】 While this research into ...45【 H 】 Gratitude also tends to strengthens a sense2023英语六级答案6月（完整版）信息匹配3答案速查36-40 EAFCH41-45 BIEKG36.【 E 】 Curran describes socilly prescibed .37.【 A 】 When psychologist Jessica Pryor ...38.【 F 】 Perfectionism can , of course , be ...39.【 C 】 What ' s more , perfectionism ...40.【 H 】 While educators and parents have ...41.【 B 】 Along with other therapists ...42.【 I 】 Bach , who sees many students ....43.【 E 】Curan describes socially prescribed …44.【K 】Brustein likes to get his perfectionist clients to create ...45.【 G 】 Brustein says his perfectionist clients ...英语六级翻译答案6月2023年：城市发展近年来，中国城市加快发展，城市人居住环境得到显著改善。

2012年6月六级考试听力真题11. A) The serious accident may leave Anna paralyzed.B) The man happened to see Anna fall on her back.C) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while.D) The doctor ' s therapy has been very successful.12. A) The man could watch the ballet with her.B) She happened to have bought two tickets.C) She can get a ballet ticket for the man.D) Her schedule conflicts with her sister ' s.13. A) He will send someone right away.B) He has to do other repairs first.C) The woman can call later that day.D) The woman can try to fix it herself.14. A) Take up collection next week.B) Give his contribution some time later.C) Buy an expensive gift for Gemma.D) Borrow some money from the woman.15. A) Decline the invitation as early as possible.B) Ask Tony to convey thanks to his mother.C) Tell Tony ' s mother that she eats no meat.D) Add more fruits and vegetables to her diet.16. A) The increasing crime rate.B) The impact of mass media.C) The circulation of newspapers.D) The coverage of newspapers.17. A) Limit the number of participants in the conference.B) Check the number of people who have registered.C) Provide people with advice on career development.D) Move the conference to a more spacious place.18. A) The apartment is still available.B) The apartment is close to the campus.C) The advertisement is outdated.D) On-campus housing is hard to secure.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals.B) To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the male one.C) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other.D) To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill.20. A) Produce the appropriate sound.B) Press the right-hand lever first.C) Raise their heads above the water.D) Swim straight into the same tank.21. A) Only one dolphin was able to see the light.B) The male dolphin received more rewards.C) Both dolphins were put in the same tank.D) The lever was beyond the dolphi ns ' reach.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) In a botanical garden.B) In a lecture room.C) In a resort town.D) On a cattle farm.23. A) It is an ideal place for people to retire to.B) It is at the centre of the fashion industry.C) It remains very attractive with its mineral waters.D) It has kept many traditions from Victorian times.24. A) It was named after a land owner in the old days.B) It is located in the eastern part of Harrogate.C) It is protected as parkland by a special law.D) It will be used as a centre for athletic training.25. A) The beautiful flowers.B) The refreshing air.C) The mineral waters.D) The vast grassland.Passage oneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A)He provides counseling for university students.B) He teachers psychology at Ohio State University.C) He specializes in interpersonal relationships.D) He specializes in interpersonal relationship.27. A) Students who scored low standardized tests.B) Black freshmen with high standardized test scores.C) Students who are accustomed to living in dorms.D) Black students from families with low incomes.28. A) They at the college dorms at the end of the semester.B) They were of the university g'poslihcoyu. sinC) They generally spend more time together that white pairs.D) They broke up more often than same-race roommates.29. A) Their racial attitudes improved.B) Their test scores rose gradually.C) They grew bored of each other.D) They started doing similar activities.Passage twoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) It will become popular gradually.B) It will change the concept of food.C) It has attracted worldwide attention.D) It can help solve global flood crises.31. A) It has been increased over the years.B) It has been drastically cut by NASA.C) It is still far from being sufficient.D) It comes regularly from its donors.32. A) They are less healthy than we expected.B) They are not as expensive as believe.C) They are more nutritious and delicious.D) They are not as natural as we believed.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) He has better memories of childhood.B) He was accused of family violence.C) He is a habitual criminal.D) He was wrongly imprisoned.34. A) The jury ' s prejudice against his race.B) The evidence found at the crime scene.C) The two victims ' identification.D) The testimony of his two friends.35. A) The US judicial system has much room for improvement.B) Frightened victims can rarely make correct identification.C) Eyewitnesses are often misled by the layer ' s questions.D) Many factors influence the accuracy of witness testimony.About 700,000 children in Mexico dropped out of school last year as recession-stricken families pushed kids to work, and a weak economic recovery will allow only a (36)________ improvement in the drop-out rate in 2010, a top education (37) ______ said.Mexico ' s economy suffered more than any otehr in Latin America last year, (38) _____ an estimated 7 percent due to a (39) _ ______ in U.S. demand for Mexican exports such as cars.The (40) _______ led to a 4 percent increase in the number of kids who left (41) ______ ormiddle school in 2009, said Juan de Dios Castro, who (42) _______ t he nation ' s adult educationprogram and keeps a close watch on drop-out rates.“ (43) _____ rose and that is a factor that makes our job more difficult.an interview earlier this month.(44) ________________________________________________________________________________________________ .As a result, drop-out rates will not improve much, Castro said.“ There will be some improvement, but not significant, ” Castro said.(45) ________________________________________________________________________________________________ . And children often sell candy and crafts in the streets or word in restaurants.(46) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _____ . Mexico 's politicians have resisted mending the country energy and labor laws for decades, leaving its economy behind countries such as Brazil and Chile. 答案11. C) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while. 12. C ) She can get a ballet ticket fo r the man.13. B ) He has to do other repairs first. 14. B ) Give his contribution some time later.15. C) Tell Tony‘ s mother that she eats no meat. 16. D ) The coverage of newspapers.17. A)Limit the number of participants in the conference. 18. A )The apartment is still available. 19. C)to see if dolphins can communicate with each other. 20. B )Press the right-hand lever first. 21. A) Only one dolphin was able to see the light. 22. C ) In a resort town.23. A ) It is an ideal place for people to retire to. 24. C ) It is protected as parkland by a special l aw. 25.A) The beautiful flowers.26. D) He specialized in interpersonal relationship. 27. B ) Black freshman with high standardize d scores 28. D ) They broke up more often than same-race roommates 29. A ) The racial attitud es improved.30. D ) It will help solve the global food crisis. 31. C ) It is still far from being sufficient. 32. D ) They are not as natural as we believed. 33. D)He was wrongly imprisoned 34. C)The two victims ‘ identification 35. D ) Many factors influence the accuracy of witness testimony.Slight official shrinking plunge decline primary heads poverty(44)Hindered by higher taxes and weak demand for its exports ，Mexico's economy is seen only partially recovering this year. As a result ，drop-out rates will not improve much ，Castro said. "There will be some improvement,but not significant" Castro said. ( 45) Mexico has historically had high drop-out rates as poor families pull kids out of school to help put food on the table ，an d children often sell candy and crafts in the streets or work in restaurants.(46)The nation's drop-out problem is just the latest bad news for the long-term competitiveness of the Mexican economy. Mexico's politicians have resisted mending the country's tax ，energy a nd labor laws for decades ，leaving its economy behind countries such as Brazil and Chile Castro told Reuts tax,。

2012年6月16日大学英语六级考试真题及答案2012年6月16日大学英语六级考试真题及答案Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15minutes) Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the a mount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United Sta tes has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans p roduce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brighteststudents were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professorsmust win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long astheir presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses havealways breezed through. Judson College, a350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in May and June to earn the credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greate r appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first y ear of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduatedseveral hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conc eive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this approach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright,motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。