语篇翻译
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翻译综合练习I. 语篇翻译练习:1. I take heart [鼓起勇气(或信心),振作起来] from the fact that, the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point (战略要地) in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions(边沿地区,外围地区), because of the stiff(强烈的,猛烈地)resistance that gets in the way (阻挡).2. The people were there, and the land—the first dazed (使茫然) and bleeding and hungry, and when, winter came, shivering in their rags in the hovels(陋屋)which the bombings had made of their homes; the second a vast wasteland(废墟)of rubble(碎石,碎砖,破瓦).II. 文学文体翻译练习:1.(散文) The Special Joys of Super-slow ReadingI took home a briefcase full of troubles. As I sat down on that hot and humid(湿的,湿气重的)evening, there seemed to be no solutions to the problems thrashing(翻来覆去)around in my brain. So I picked up a book, settled(停息,停留)into a comfortable chair and applied my own special therapy—super-slow reading.I spent three or four hours on two short chapters of Personal History by Vincent Sheean(维森特·谢安)—savoring(品尝,欣赏)each paragraph, lingering(逗留,徘徊)over a sentence, a phrase or even a single word, building a detailed mental picture of the scene. No longer was I in Sydney, Australia on a sticky(湿热的)heat wave night. Relishing(欣赏,玩味)every word, I joined foreign correspondent(记者)Sheean on a mission [使命,任务,(此处)专程访问] to China, and another to Russia. I lost myself in the author’s world. And when I put it down, my mind was totally refreshed (使精力恢复,使精神振作).Next morning, four words from the book—“take the long view”—were still in my mind. At my desk, I had a long-view look at my problems. Once more, super-slow reading had given me not only pleasure but perspective (正确观察事物相互关系的能力,眼力), and helped me in my everyday affairs.2.(小诗) Slowly(Mary Coleridge)Heavy is any my heart,Dark are thine eyes.Thou and I must part,Ere the sun rise.Ere the sun rise,Thou and I must part.Dark are thine eyes,Heavy is any my heart.III. 应用文体翻译:1.商业信函翻译:(1)Dear Sirs,We are keen to expand our export to Africa of top-class office furniture, and are looking for suitable agents to represent us. If you are interested in having the Kenya agent for a twelve-month trial period, we should be pleased to send you the draft agreement stating the terms and conditions of the agency.We enclose for your information a copy of our latest catalogue and price list.We are looking forward to your reply at an early date.Yours faithfully(2)Dear Sirs,We have learned from Market Information Paper that you are a well-known supplier of electric heaters in China. It is our desire to deal with you. We are now in the market for 600 sets of electric heaters. We wonder whether you are in a position to meet our requirements. If your answer is in the affirmative,please quote us your best price CIF London, stating the earliest date of shipment, specifications, packing, payment terms, etc. Besides, kindly let us know the commission and discount you will allow. Besides, it is appreciated if you could send us your catalogue.Your early reply will be appreciated.Yours faithfully2. 广告翻译练习(1) Breakfast without orange juice is like a day without sunshine.(2) Flowers by Inter-flora speak from the heart.(3) Once tasted,always loved.(4) Big thrills. Small bills.(5) Good to the last drop!(NESCAFE)(6)A diamond is forever.(7) We’re not in the computer business. We’re in the results business.(8) A Modern Car for a Modern Driver(9)Apple thinks different(10)Tasting is believing.IV. 新闻文体翻译练习:(标题)1. World Eyes Mid-East Peace Talks2. Australia Makes Bid (企图;努力;争取) to Lure (吸引) More Asian Tourists(正文)Leaders of demonstrators accused the government of trying to hinder the teach-in by hastily organizing pop concerts and commandeering the city’s mobile toilets.(teach-in [美](大学师生对政府政策,尤其是外交政策,进行讨论或辩论的)宣讲会/ commandeer [美口] 强占/ accuse somebody of something 指责,谴责(某人)某事)V. 科技文体翻译练习:(专业科技文章)1. Steel is usually made where the iron ore is melted, so that the modern steelworks forms a complete unity, taking in raw materials and producing all types of cast iron and steel, both for sending to other works for further treatment, and as finished products such as joists and other consumers。
过节中国人过节,吃是主要内容,为了显示过节的气氛和水平,少说也要搞它个十菜八肴的。
这样一来,节前的紧张采购暂且不说,节后的剩菜处理也落在我一个人身上,妻孩们是不愿吃隔天菜的,自幼来自农村且深受“谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦”陶冶的我,是断然不肯将能吃的剩菜倒掉的,于是节后天天吃剩菜。
所以我不喜欢过节。
Festival-celebratingFor us Chinese,Festival celebration mainly consists in eating.To enhance the festival atmosphere/festive mood and show off the level of festivities,there will at least be a series of meat and vegetarian dishes.In this way,I have to not only assume the tight shopping before the festival but also make over leftovers after that as my wife and children are’t willing to touch the leavings.What’s worse,born in the countryside and deeply subjected to the saying“Every grain comes froms hardworking”,I absolutely refuse to throw away the leftovers.Therefore,it is my nightmare to eat up leftovers day by day after the festival,which really makes me hate festivals.。
语篇层翻译translation on discourse level是以语篇为翻译单位,最大限度地寻求(相同语境下)原语语篇与译语语篇在意义和功能上的对等。
语篇是最大的语言单位,是在交际功能上相对完整的、独立的一个语言片段。
正如一个词在句子中才能确定其准确意义一样.一个句子(单个句子组成的语篇除外)只有出现在语篇中才能显示其确定、完整的含义,充分发挥其交际功能。
例如,对于However,this is not true.这个不可能单独出现的句子,如果脱离语篇背景,孤立地对它进行分析是很难准确地反映其能指和所指的意义的。
也就是说,在实际运用中,语言的基本单位不是通常所说的短语或句子,而应是语篇。
可见,在翻译中采用语篇翻译方法有利于更好地抓住原文的中心思想和总的基调,使译文中心突出、层次分明、内容衔接联贯。
特别是诗歌、广告词等文体材料的翻译,以语篇为翻译单位,从语篇上对韵律、对仗等修辞方式以及传达神韵、风格上作通盘考虑。
为了求得或保持译文篇章的衔接与连贯,有人把译者翻译时的篇章意识理解为“语篇层翻译”,例如:为了逃避那一双双熟悉的眼睛,释放后,经人介绍,他来到湖南南县一家木器厂做临时工。
In order to avoid those familiar eyes, he didn't return to his hometown after release,but found an odd job in a furniture factory in Nanxian County,Hunan Province through introduction.从上下文可知,湖南南县并非他的家乡,因此可“逃避那一双双熟悉的眼睛”。
下文又提到他“回乡”。
为使译文语义连贯,畅晓明白,宜加上he didn't return to his hometown,以使读者不感唐突。
这里,汉语原文的语义连贯转向译语的形式衔接。
【一】第一节翻译语篇(5小题,计10分)阅读下面的短文,然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语。
Thousands of people are willing to see one painting. Along the River During the Qingming Festival 《清明上河图》is the best-known painting in Chinese history. It is being shown at the Palace Museum. The song dynasty artist Zhang Zeduan painted it . What a great painting! It is 24.8 centimeters wide, and 5.29 meters long(about the size of tour classroom’s width). 66.它展示了宋朝人们的生活是怎样的。
There are teahouses, bridges and other buildings. There are more than 800 characters, including monks(僧侣) and carpenters (木匠)。
67 But what’s amazing is that everyone wears different clothes and does different activities. A salesman is shouting and selling and selling while visitors drinking tea .Everything looks different, but it flows together perfectly.68.The painting draws almost everything from the countryside to the city. This shows people the whole picture of life during that time period.69 It is not only a great artwork but also a helpful“textbook” for us to learn about the history. H owever, it’s not easy for visitors to take a close look at the painting.70 你需要耐心因为你将不得不等候六小时。
Poor Birds可怜的小鸟There was a flock of birds in the jungle near a village. They lived together in a big tree and had a lot of fun every day. This flock of birds usually flew to different places in groups, making a beautiful picture in the sky. Sometimes they have a heated discussion in the tree.在一个小村庄附近的丛林里有一群小鸟,它们共同栖息在一棵大树上,每天过着快乐的生活。
这群小鸟常常成群结队地飞往不同的地方,它们的身姿形成天空一道漂亮的风景。
有时,它们会在大树上展开激烈的争论One day, a farmer went to the jungle to trap some animals for dinner. He saw a lot of birds in the tree, so he threw some corn on the ground and waited until the birds came down to eat. Then he threw a big net over the birds to trap them.一天,一个农夫到丛林里捕捉猎物用作晚餐。
他看到大树上有很多小鸟,于是就在地上撒了些谷物,等着小鸟来吃。
然后他支起一张大网捕捉来觅食的小鸟。
When the birds were in the net, they were all afraid and wanted to get out of the net. Some birds in this net said, “Let’s help one other to fly together and push this net up into the tree so we can get out of here.”Everyone listened and count ed, “One, two, three—everyone flies!” They all flew and pushed the net up into the tree and flew out of the net.被网罩住后,小鸟们都很害怕,想从中逃出去。