2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案xs

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精选训练含答案Notpla is a London-based firm that makes a seaweed-based substitute for single-use plastic packaging.Although some of Notpla’s products are suitable to be eaten，they are designed to be dissolved(溶解) after usage.The company’s film wrap is made of seaweed lining instead of a conventional plastic based coating.This makes the film fully biodegradable and ideal for use as packaging for cupboard and bathroom supplies like coffee and toilet paper.According to the United Nations,331 million kilograms of plastic garbage is produced annually around the world.Roughly 60% of the estimated 9.15 billion tons of plastic produced since the early 1950s has been taken to landfills or abandoned outdoors.Plastics harm the water，the air，and our bodies.Many experts agree that single-use plastics are unnecessary and dangerous.Some governments and towns in the United States have taken action.New York has banned most plastic shoppingbags，while plastic straws(吸管) have been banned in Miami Beach.Overseas，India stated in August that it plans to put a wide ban on single-use plastics this upcoming summer，with the European Union already implementing this ban.Seaweed comes in a variety of species and can be harvested or farmed.Notpla uses plants that have been farmed.Rodrigo Garcia Gonzalez and Pierre Paslier，the inventors of Notpla，initially considered seaweed as a solution to the world’s plastic problem for several reasons.Seaweed is abundant and grows quickly.Additionally it doesn’t compete with land crops and is highly favored for its ability to remove some waste products like carbon from the atmosphere.In cooperation with the online food ordering service Just Eat，the start-up recently tested its st year，the two companies handed out 30,000 takeaway boxes at various UK restaurants.Plans are in the works to offer the boxes across Europe in 2022.Notpla’s team intends to replace single-use plastic in the supply chain more generally as they scale.The company recognizes the difficulty of such a job given the volume of plastics consumed around the world.5．How does the author mainly develop paragraph 2?A．By comparing facts.B．By presenting figures.C．By raising questions.D．By giving examples.6．What can best replace the underlined word “implementing”in paragraph 3?A．Lifting.B．Protecting.C．Opposing.D．Performing.7．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A．The wide use of seaweed.B．The next goal of the new study.C．The huge market of the plastic bags.D．The advantages of choosing seaweed.8．What does the company think of its plan to replace the whole single-use plastic?A．It will be unpractical.B．It will be richly rewarded.C．It will be a little tough.D．It will be rather successful.Several years ago，Jason Box，a scientist from Ohio，flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier(冰川) in Greenland.He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice，and then left.His idea was that the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun，keeping the ice cool below.When he came back to check the results，he found it worked.Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice.He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time.No coal plants were shut down，no jobs were lost，and nobody was taxed or fired.Just the sort of fix we’re looking for.“Thank you，but no thank you，”says Ralph King，a climate scientist.He told Grey Childs，author and commentator，that people think technology can save the planet，“but there are other things we need to deal with，like consumption.They burned $50,000 just for the helicopter to bring the plastic to the glacier.”This experiment，quote-unquote，gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior.It can’t.Technology won’t give us a free ride.Individuals respond to climate changedifferently.Climatologist Kelly Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we won’t be climate victims，but we will be climate choosers.More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives，the engineers will get smarter，the tools will get better，and one day we will control the climate.But that then? “Just the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back，”Grey writes.“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will，”he says.Me？I like it better when the earth takes care of itself.I guess one day we will have to run the place，but for the moment，sitting at my desk，looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling，I’m happy not to be in charge.1．Why does the author mention Jason Box’s experiment in the first paragraph?A．To introduce a possible solution to climate change.B．To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.C．To report on a successful experiment on saving the glacier.D．To arouse people’s attention to the problem of global warming.2．Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with?A．The fight against climate change will not succeed.B．Technology is not the final solution，let alone its high cost.C．It’s best to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.D．Jason’s experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.3．What is Grey Childs’attitude to human’s controlling the climate?A．Favorable.B．Tolerant.C．Doubtful.D．Unclear.4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．But Should We Fix the Climate?B．Is Climate Change a Real Problem?C．How Can We Take Care of the Earth?D．What If All the Glaciers Disappeared?。

2023版名校高考英语阅读理解精练含答案解析建议用时：6分钟难度：★★☆☆☆词数：156语篇类型：应用文主题语境：写信Ms Black,I saw the notice about the dance classes that you are offering(提供）.I love dance, and I'm already a very good Latin dancer. Now, I'm interested in learning jazz dance(爵士舞）,but before I sign up(报名）,I have a few questions for you.First, where will your classes take place(进行）? I can travel a little bit for them, but I don't want to have to go too far. Second, do you teach from 3: 00 pm to 5:00 pm on Fridays? That would be the best time for me because I can't go to the classes you have on Tuesday and Thursday evenings. Finally, do you offer adiscount(折扣）on group classes? Five of my friends said that they would join me if I signed up for one.Please email me back. I look forward to hearing from you.Sincerely,Emily Jones1. Ms Black is probably a(n)____.A. pop singerB. dance teacherC. office workerD. bank manager2. Emily writes this email to Ms Black because____.A. she wants to ask Ms Black some questionsB. she misses Ms Black very muchC. Ms Black can teach her Latin danceD. Ms Black will give her a good price3. When does Emily want to take the dance classes?A. On Friday afternoons.B. On Thursday evenings.C. On Wednesday afternoons.D. On Tuesday evenings.4. Emily wants to know the following things EXCEPT(除了）____A. the place of the dance classesB. the way to sign upC. the price of group classesD. the time of the dance classes5. What can we learn about Emily from this email?A. She is a famous dance teacher.B. She heard about Ms Black from her friends.C. Her home is far away from where Ms Black teaches.D. Some of her friends are also interested in the dance classes.词汇短语already adv. 已经；早已We got there early but Mike had already left.我们提早到了那里，但是Mike已经离开了。

2023年名校版高考英语阅读理解精读内测版含答案We all know eating ultra-processed foods that make our lives easier —such as sauces, and frozen pizza —isn’t good for our health. Studies have found they can raise our risk of obesity, heart problems, diabetes and cancer. They may even shorten our lives. Now, a new study has revealed eating moreultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the brain executive functioning —the ability to process information and make decisions.“While in need of further study, the new results arequite compelling and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases,“said Tanzi, professor at Harvard Medical School. He was not involved in the study but he said in his book, “They, are, very high in sugar, salt and fat, promoting systemic inflammation, perhaps the most major threat to healthy aging. Meanwhile, since they are convenient and quick, they also replace fiber foods important for maintaining the health and balance of bacteria in your gut,”he added, “which is particularlyimportant for brain health and reducing risk of age-related brain diseases like Alzheimer’The study, presented at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International Conference, followed over 10,000 Brazilians for 10 years. “In Brazil, ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of total calorie intake. We have McDonald’s and Burger King. It is not very different from many other Western countries,”said coauthor Dr. Suemoto. Ultra-processed foods are defined as ”industrial formulations of food substances containing little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings and other chemical additives“according to the study.“People consuming over 20% of daily calories from processed foods had a 28% faster decline in global cognition and a 25% faster decline in executive functioning compared to people who not,”said study coauthor Natalia. Those in the study who ate the most ultra-processed foods ware “more likely to be younger, women, White, had higher education and incomes, and were more likely to have never smoked,”the study found.“People need to know they should cook more,”Suemoto said. “And it’s worth it because you’re going to protect your heart and guard your brain,”she added.8. What does the underlined word “compelling”mean in Paragraph 2?A. Convincing.B. Surprising.C. Suspicious.D. Invaluable.9. What do we know from the passage?A. Whoever never cooks is sure to develop Alzheimer.B. Ultra-processed foods only affect your executive function.C. Tanzi is the first to find the problem with Ultra-processed foods.D. Brazilians’calorie intake is not different from most westerners.10. Who is likely to eat more ultra-processed foods?A. An old beggar.B. A heavy smoker.C. A young professor.D. A low-income man.11. What’s the main idea of this passage?A. Ultra-processed foods can harm your health.B. Fiber foods can reduce the risk of Alzheimer.C. Fiber foods may maintain the balance of bacteria.D. Ultra-processed foods will lead to cognitive decline.Timothy was exhausted for he worked extended hours. Although earning a low wage and handling ill-mannered customers, he always put serving those who sat are his tables well on the front burner of his mind He went about his daily duties carefully, putting on a smiling face as customers complained about the food or questioned the bill.Usually as night deepen preparing to close the business, he would notice a couple of customers walk in, sit down and order drinks. Most of the crew had left by closing time, but Timothy stayed to serve. Eventually, the last round was ordered and be gave them the bill. The minimum tip was suggested on the receipt. “Tomorrow will be better,”he murmured.But luck wouldn’t always smile on him. Evening approaching, a group of teenagers stepped in. Thankfully, they were polite and respectful. Their cheerful behavior began to affect him. As always, he did his best to make their dining experience a pleasant one.Time dragged on and they finished their drinks. He placed the bill on the table, accompanied with some candies. The group placed their notes on the receipt and left smiling. When he returned to clear the table, he was astonished. A tip of $3 was sitting there, staring at him, but their total bill amounted to $100. He’d gone above and beyond to serve them. How could they be so rude?Later that week, he battled to brush off the awkward memories. He arrived at work and expected it to be like any other day, but there was something left on the desk for him, atwo-page handwritten letter from the teenagers with $18 attached, in which they explained they were unaware of how to tip appropriately due to it being their first time in this bar. Everything suddenly made sense.Timothy thumbed up what they did with a big grin and he was so moved by their gesture that he uploaded a picture of the letter sharing their admirable efforts. The reaction was more than positive.4. What did Timothy focus on in his job?A. Getting more tips.B. Working longer hoursC. Providing better service.D. Being a nicer colleague.5. What made the teenagers leave a tip of $3?A. Dissatisfaction with the drinks.B. Ignorance of the tipping culture.C. Gratefulness to Timothy.D. Misunderstanding of the bill.6. Which of the following best describes Timothy?A. Patient and humorous.B. Positive and devoted.C. Generous and tolerant.D. Ambitious and creative.7. What can we learn from the teenagers?A. One good turn deserves another.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. Apologies make for harmony.D. It’s good to make things right.Introduced species have a bad reputation. It has been believed that the species mix in a particular place should remain as unchanged as possible. But this is just an opinion. Other opinions are possible. A study published recently by Dov Sax of Brown University, thus asks how the benefits of introduced species might be better assessed, so that opinions can be more informed. Specifically, he identifies several aspects for that.Initially, whether introduced species provide direct human advantage is taken into account. Dr. Sax and his colleagues ignored crops, since their benefits are obvious. But they included transplanted grass species that have gone wild，yet providegrazing(牧草)for domestic animals, and introduced forest trees that produce wood for construction.Another factor is their possible benefit to the ecosystem into which the introduction has happened. Such introduction is sometimes made to reduce the risk of a localised species becoming extinct. Pyne’s ground plum(李子)，native to a handful of sites in the central basins of Tennessee but now transplanted to others, falls into this category.The last value is experienced on an emotional rather than a practical level. Lots of people feel good about native wildlife, which is generally the main motive for its conservation. But that feel-good factor can extend to introduced species as well. Such value can cut both ways, however. For example, ring-necked parakeets, an Asian and African species, have been spreading through Britain for several decades. Some find them a colourful addition to the local wildlife, others a noisy competitor for native birds.In light of their analysis, Dr. Sax and his team therefore suggest that researchers studying introduced species should in future create a clear distinction in their studies between changes that have happened and judgments about the value of thosechanges. In addition, when making those judgments, they should acknowledge all types of values, rather than focusing narrowly on one or two of them.That done, many species will surely still be accused of possible damage. But others, badly thought of in the past, may not.8. What is Dr. Sax’s study aimed to do?A. Kecp track of introduced species.B. Get introduced species fully understood.C. Compare opinions on introduced species.D. Identify consequences of introducing species.9. Why was Pyne’s ground plum transplanted to other places?A. To provide graze for local animals.B. To produce wood for construction.C. To build a new local ecosystem.D To save local species from dying out.10. How do local people react to the introduction of ring-necked parakeets?A. They don’t care about it.B. They consider it acceptable.C. They can’t put up with it.D. They hold divided opinions on it.11. What does Dr. Sax suggest to the future researchers?A. Focusing on main values.B. Evaluating evident changes.C. Analyzing previous researches.D. Presenting all-round assessments.The students stand on a pier (码头) over the Harlem River in New York City. They stare down into the brown water. Their teacher, Mr. Rodman, pulls a long rope out of the river. Fastened to the end of the rope is a metal cage and inside are oysters (牡蛎). Taking turns, the students measure all the oysters, and thencompare notes. The biggest oyster is over 2 inches long, much bigger than a healthy size for its age! They also measure the level of oxygen. As more oysters grow, the water should become clearer and hold more oxygen. Also, other animals should move in.Oysters are soft-bodied animals, and share the underwater community with plants, fish, and other life. They are food for crabs and other animals. As new oysters grow, they attach their shells to older ones，forming big reefs with many small spaces where other animals live. Oysters eat algae (藻类). If algae grow too fast，they can decrease oxygen from the water-and even fish need oxygen to breathe!But what happened to the oysters 100years ago in New York Harbor? Before then, lots of oysters lived in these waters. They were shipped to restaurants around the world. By the early 1900s, people were eating them faster than they could grow. Pollution was pouring into the waters. The harbor became seriously polluted. Since the 1970s, new laws have helped reduce poisonous waste. Some fish started to swim through again. But oysters were still missing-until recently.The Billion Oyster Project began in 2014 to help bring oysters back to New York Harbor. The project has recruited (招募) more than 6,500 students at more than 100 middle schools and high schools to help grow, distribute, and study the oysters.Finally, the students put the oysters back in the cage. Mr. Rodman lowers the cage into the river. In a few months, they will check the cage again. When the oysters are big enough, they will be moved to join a healthy reef in the middle of the harbor.4. Why do students come to the pier over the Harlem River?A. To do research.B. To go fishing.C. To buy oysters.D. To clean up the river.5. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. What oysters are like.B. How oysters get fed.C. Why algae grow fast.D. What role oysters play.6. What can we learn about oysters in New York Harbor?A. People’s love of eating oysters boosted their numbers.B. More oysters than before lived in waters in the 1900s.C. Polluted water was partly to blame for the missing of oysters.D. New laws in the 1970s were crucial to oysters’recovery.7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Oysters Raised in New York HarborB. The Harlem River Polluted HeavilyC. Nature’s Helpful Crew Brought BackD Teacher Devoted to Wildlife Protection。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案A new study published in Thursday’s edition of Cell reports that mosquitoes’sense of smell is more complex than we once thought. And it may explain how they are so good at seeking us out in the darkness and lead to new strategies to fight against the potentially deadly diseases caused by their bites.Until Meg Younger, co-author of the study, and her colleagues started studying mosquitoes, it’s long been known that mosquitoes rely on multiple clues to target humans, First, they will sense the CO2 in the breath from a distance that can be more than 30 feet. After the CO2, then they begin to sense human body smells. They follow the odors(气味) and, when they get very close, start to detect body heat. Once they land on the skin, they look for a place to bite with their legs.In many parts of the world, their bites may lead to such diseases as dengue, Zika, chikungunya and malaria. The latter disease alone causes over half a million deaths each year around the globe.“But most of what we know about mosquitoes’sense of smell comes from the study of the brains of mice and fruit flies, where the pathways between the brain and smell detectors are fairly simple: Each neuron(神经元) in their smell detectors just responds to a single kind of smell and all the neurons for that smell are connected to the same part of their brains. Of course, there are countless different detectors responding to countless smells,”says Younger. “When we started looking inside mosquito brains, we found that each neuron can detect multiple smells.”“It’s a great breakthrough,”says Josefina del Marmol, a scientist at the Harvard Medical School who wasn’t involved with the research. “It will change a lot about what we know of how mosquitoes interact with the world and give researchers additional ways to fight the bugs. But there’s more work to be done to test, neuron by neuron, which neuron actually responds to which human body smells.”12. What can be learned about mosquitoes from paragraph 2?A. They look for a place to bite with their eyes.B. They can only detect humans within 30 feet.C. They are first attracted by human body smells.D. They are more sensitive to the CO2 in the breath.13. Which disease causes more than 0.5 million deaths each year in the world?A. Malaria.B. Zika.C. Dengue.D. Chikungunya.14. What is Meg Younger’s new discovery?A. The pathways in the brains of mice are fairly simple.B. A neuron in mosquitoes’detectors can detect many smells.C. All the neurons for a smell are connected to the same part of the brain.D. The neurons in fruit flies’brains just respond to a single kind of smell.15. What does Josefina del Marmol say about the new study?A. The process is not very complete.B. The conclusion is not very reliable.C. More specific tests have to be done.D. The research method is too complex.【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. CFor anyone trying to lose weight, there’s a truth we can all universally acknowledge that better health is often positioned as a numbers game. Hit the right number, and all your health problems will magically resolve, so the logic goes. Yet increasingly, science is revealing that losing weight may not be a silver bullet after all. In a mouse study published in the journal Science, looking specifically at an inflammatory( 炎症的) eye condition linked to obesity called macular degeneration( 黄斑退化), researchers found the struggle for better health doesn’t necessarily begin and end with weight loss.Researchers conducted experiments on mice that were fed a high-fat diet for 11 weeks, making them gain weight. The micewere then put on a diet of low-fat food for 9 weeks, making them lose weight. Another group of mice only ate the low-fat diet as a control. Researchers shot lasers into the eyes of both the yo-yo dieter mice and the control mice to encourage atypical blood vessel ( 非典型性血管) growth, a mark of macular degeneration.Among the mice that had gained and then lost weight, there was about 40 percent more atypical blood vessel growth than their stable diet peers. Driving the growth appeared to be macrophages( 巨噬细胞). In the yo-yo dieter mice, these cells had been reprogrammed to cause inflammation. Taken together, these cells appeared to have an outsize role in atypical blood vessel growth in the eyes. Meanwhile, in the mice fed only a low-fat diet, inflammatory changes were absent. The results suggest that eating a high-fat diet that causes weight gain, even if followed by weight loss, leaves an inflammatory mark on mouse macrophages.The research comes during a period of renewedinterest in anti-obesity drugs. But medicines that helppeople shed pounds do not treat inflammation linked to ahistory of weight gain. “How to engage thesefindings with medicine interventions is a challenge,”says Bapat, head of the research.1. Which of the following best explains “a silver bullet ”underlined in paragraph1?A. A workable solution.B. A tough choice.C. An ultimate objective.D. A major challenge.2. How do researchers carry out the experiment?A. By making comparison.B. By listing examples.C. By controling test methods.D. By analyzing diet components.3. What can we learn about the research results?A. Stable dieting drives the growth of macrophages.B. Reprogrammed cells are to blame for weight gain.C. Inflammatory changes are caused by the low-fat diet.D. Losing weight doesn’t resolve the inflammation tied to weight gain.4. What will the research focus on next?A. Exploring ways of losing weight.B. Tracking the history of weight loss.C. Treating obesity-linked inflammation.D. Boosting interest in anti-obesity drugs.。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读训练含答案A man wearing sunglasses grabs the mic and stands in a relaxed posture ready to make the audience laugh. Seeing how easily he moves, one can hardly notice that the stylish comedian, Gao Xiang, has any problems with vision.Gao was diagnosed with the rare eye disease —Stargardt. Initially, he refused to accept the cruel situation. He kept escaping the fact until 2013, when he could use the computer more efficiently with the help of special programs designed to help visually disabled people . Consequently, he got the courage to be frank about his and found that people didn' t care about the problem as he had imagined. His working ability also helped remove any feelings of inferiority that he had. He tried to become mentally stronger to accept reality and get his life back on track.Two years ago, he decided to become a full-time stand-up comedian. What has been motivating Gao to be so active in the comedy industry is his eagerness to draw the public;s attention to the disease. "As it is a rare disease, medical institutions and companies might lack the driving force to make great efforts to finda cure,“ he says. want to unite the patients in China and voice out loud our urgent demands/1Besides, he and two friends launched a public account on WeChat called Stargardt Care Center, through which they share inspiring stories of people suffering from the eye disorder, instructions for those on how to use computers and translations of foreign essays that explore the possibilities of curing the disease. By now, the account has managed to attract more than 1, 000 Stargardt patients and their family members. And some Non- Governmental Organisations also have got in touch with them to see if they could provide help to the community."Stand-up comedy has saved me and enabled me to meet interesting people and do what is worth doing,“ Gao says.4.What does the underlined word “inferiority" in paragraph 2 mean?A.Being proud.B.Being bored.C. Being unconfident.D. Being modest.5.What drove Gao to become a comedian?A.His eagerness for money.B.His faith in challenging himself.C.His ability in performance.D.His desire to fight the disease.6.What can people do with the Gao z s public account?A.The visually disabled can learn computer skills.B.Experts can provide medical help for the patients.C.Patients can read original articles about the disease.edians can post jokes to meet interesting people.7.Which of the following could best describe Gao Xiang?A. Sensible and tolerant.8.Positive and inspiring.9.Talented and aggressive.10.Enthusiastic and punctual.CDABMercy Baggs is reflecting on her future. "Should I live to 95, Iwould do another parachute jump, " she says. She first jumped when she was 77 in honor of her achievements as mayor of the Wiltshire town of Caine. Then she jumped again last March, a day before her 90th birthday, to raise funds for Wiltshire air ambulance.“This is the thrill of it, " she says. "You go up, and then that door opens and the wind starts to come through. You free-fall for a long time. " She has always enjoyed risks since she was a child, when people used to look down on her. But nobody does now.As a child, she lived in poverty and also went through ups and downs, am very sensitive to people who are more unfortunate, " Baggs says. As a young adult, she joined the British Transport Commission police, but dealing with children who couldn't find their parents was too much to bear. knew what they were going through. I like kids. I really do. " Later she left the police and worked in Wiltshire council. But no doubt her childhood fed into her actions as a councillor, and later mayor in Caine, where she helped to set up a drop-in centre for young people. The drop-in was one of the causes she raised money for with that first leap out of the plane.But why a parachute jump? At the time, her late husband, John, was ill with bowel cancer. He said, do wish you wouldn't do it. " She said, "John, it's life. I've got to do something."Baggs has never been fazed by ageing. She says that she wanted “to show that you don't have to sit on your backside knitting or watching television all the time. There's a world out there. There's a life out there. " She hopes for at least one more skydive, maybe a go on a lOOmph zip wire and "a peaceful end”.4.Why did Mercy Baggs make her first parachute jump?A.To celebrate her 90h birthday.B.To make others look up to her.C. To raise funds for an air ambulance.D. To mark her term of office as mayor.5.What impact did her childhood experiences make on her career?A.She did parachute jumps as a part-time job.B.She showed great concern for unlucky children.C.She found it very tough to work with young people.D.She left the drop-in centre and prepared a run for mayor.6.What does the underlined word "fazed“ mean in the last paragraph?A.Disturbed.B.Abandoned.C.Witnessed.D.Embarrassed.A.What does Baggs intend to convey with one more jump?A. It is never too old to learn.B.Enjoy life with her family.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.Be brave to face challenges in life.DBAD以上就是本文的全部内容。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案diffuseIn the endless sky, the unaided human eye should be ableto perceive several thousand stars on a clear, darknight. Unfortunately, growing light pollution has disabled people from the nightly view.New citizen-science-based research throws alarming light on the problem of “sky glow”—the diffuse illumination(漫射照明) of the night sky that is a form of light pollution. The data came from crowd-sourced observations collected from around the world as part of Globe at Night, a program developed by astronomer Connie Walker.Light pollution has harmful effects on the practice of astronomy but also on human health and wildlife, since it disturbs the cycle from sunlight to starlight that biological systems have evolved alongside. Furthermore, the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage. Until relatively recently, humans throughout history had an impressive view of the starry night sky, and the effect of this nightly spectacle(壮观) is evident in ancient cultures.Globe at Night has been gathering data on star visibility since 2006. Anyone can submit observations through the Globe at Night web application. Participants record which one best matches what they can see in the sky without any telescopes or other instruments.Researchers find that the loss of visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness of 9. 6% per year while roughly 2% is measured by satellites. Existing satellites are not well suited to measuring sky glow as it appears to humans, because they can not detect wavelengths shorter than 500 nanometers(纳米). White LEDs, with shorter wavelengths under 500 nanometers, now are increasingly commonly used in outdoor lighting. But human eyes are more sensitive to these shorter wavelengths at nighttime. Space-based instruments do not measure light from windows, either. But these sources are significant contributors to sky glow as seen from the ground.“The increase in sky glow over the past decade underlines the importance of redoubling our efforts and developing new strategies to protect dark skies,”said Walker. “The Globe at Night dataset is necessary in our ongoing evaluation of changesin sky glow, and we encourage whoever can to get involved to help protect the starry night sky.”12. What is a purpose of Globe at Night?A. To develop new light sources.B. To collect data on star visibility.C. To help astronomers explore space.D. To popularize science among citizens.13. What does the loss of visible stars lead to?A. Poorer human health.B. Fewer wildlife species.C. More delicate biological systems.D. Less nightly culture elements of the sky.14. What does the author stress in paragraph 5?A. Satellites play a vital role.B. White LEDs are widely used.C. Crowd-sourced data are invaluable.D. Shorter wavelengths are hard to detect.15. What can be inferred from Walker’s words?A Their consistent efforts pay off.B. The dataset needs to be updated.C. More participants are expected to join in.D. The sky glow has been over—emphasized.The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(痴呆症) in later life—and if they did，it came on a decade later than less sporty women.Lead researcher Dr Helena Hörder，of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden，said：“These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular(心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”For the study,191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity.The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher，while 92 women were in the medium fitness category.A total of 59 were of low fitness level，with a peak workload of 80 watts or less，or having their tests stopped because of health problems.These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.During that time,44 of the women developed dementia.Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia，compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.“However，this study does not show cause andeffect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia，it only shows an association，”said Hörder.“More research is neededto see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.”She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied，all ofwhom were from Sweden，so the results might notbe applicable to other groups.27．What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?A．Positive effects of doing exercise.B．Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.C．Experimental studies on dementia.D．Advantages of sporty women over men.28．Why did the researchers ask the women to do bicycle exercise?A．To predict their maximum heart rate.B．To assess their cardiovascular capacity.C．To change their habit of working out.D．To detect their potential health problems. 29．What do we know about Dr Hörder’s study?A．It aimed to find a cure for dementia.B．Data collection was a lengthy process.C．Some participants withdrew from it.D．The results were far from satisfactory.30．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia D．Biking Improves Women’s Cardiovascular Fitness以上就是本文的全部内容。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读附答案Yo-Yo Ma is an American cellist (大提琴家) born in Paris to Chinese parents.His musical career is a testament to his belief in culture's power to generate trust and understanding.Whether performing works, engaging unexpected musical forms, or working with communities and institutions to explore culture's role in society, he works to create a better world that begins with culture.Expanding upon this belief, in 1998 he established Silkroad, a collective of artists worldwide creating music that engages many traditions.In addition to presenting performances, Silkroad cooperates with museums and universities to develop training programs for teachers, musicians, and learners of allages.Through his work with Silkroad, he frequently performs lesser-known music.Besides, he partners with communities and institutions to develop programs that champion culture's power to transform lives and create a more connected world.Among his many roles, he is artistic director of the annual Youth Music CultureGuangdong festival, a UN Messenger of Peace, and the first artist ever appointed to the World Economic Forum's board of trustees.When the pandemic began, Yo-Yo began an online series titled “Songs of Comfort”to ease anxieties.His short, self-shot videos soon reached over 18 million people.On March 13, 2021, after receiving the 2nd COVID-19 shot, he transformed a clinic into a temporary concert hall, in a moment that residents called a symbolic representation of “the light at the end of the tunnel”．Yo-Yo Ma once said every generation has a chance to do better, to create a world that works for all.To him, doing better begins with culture —the point at which the arts, sciences, and society cross.1．The underlined word “testament”in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”．A．thought B．proofC．invitation D．reaction2．What do we know about Silkroad from the text?A．It offered music trainings independently.B．It was set up by museums and universities.C．It benefited traditional and unpopular music.D．It was intended to create more musical forms. 3．Which of the following best describes Yo-Yo Ma?A．Fair and determined.B．Humorous and smart.C．Generous and traditional.D．Open-minded and positive.4．What's the best title for the text?A．Music Knows No BoundariesB．Music Matters to Build a Connected WorldC．Yo-Yo Ma: Dream and Hope Make One Artist Innovator D．Yo-Yo Ma: Pathway to a Better World Begins with Culture BCDDThe concept of ownership comes so easily to humans that even preschoolers have got it.Robots，on the other hand，often struggle to grasp such abstract concepts.Now a well-mannered robot that can make it has been programmed.“Teaching robots ownership-related etiquette(礼仪) is really，really worthwhile，”says Matthias Scheutz，a computer scientist at Tufts University.“We can’t just send out robots who are unaware of who owns what...If I instruct a robot to ‘build a fence’，and it goes to the neighbor’s and starts ‘stealing’boards，that’s not what we have in mind.”The new socially conscious robot can learn who owns what from clear statements as well as its own observations.The robot learns its code of conduct(行为准则) from direct orders and generalizing from specific examples.For instance，if the robot is told not to touch several objects that it knows belong to specific people，the robot will deduce that，as a general rule，it shouldn’t touch owned objects.Artificial intelligence(AI) expert Tan Xuan and colleagues at Yale University found out how the robot reacts in experiments with blocks on a table.In one session，Tan played with only the red blocks，leading the robot to infer that these blocks belongedto the same person.When Tan instructed the robot to throw away everything on the table and the machine reached for a red block，Tan stopped the robot，saying，“That’s mine.”Now aware that it should not throw Tan’s belongings，and assuming that the rest of the red blocks belonged to Tan as well，the robot cleared the table of everything but red blocks.Later，when Tan’s colleague Jake Brawer directed the robot to throw out a red block，the robot replied，“Sorry，I’m forbidden to throw it away if it’s owned by Tan.”Though robots may have more difficulty understanding who owns what in situations filled with far more objects of much wider variety than blocks on a table，Scheutz called it a good “first attempt”at equipping robots with an appreciation of ownership.5．What does the second paragraph focus on?A．The way of teaching robots ownership.B．The basics of the human-robot relationship.C．The benefit of robots’learning ownership.D．The importance of robots’learning code of conduct.6．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “deduce”in Paragraph 3?A．Conclude. B．Admit.C．Agree. D．Doubt.7．Why did Tan Xuan use the blocks in experiments?A．To train the robot.B．To predict the robot’s move.C．To test the robot’s behavior.D．To study the robot’s preference.8．What does the author want to show by mentioning Jake Brawer in the last paragraph?A．The robot knows who to obey.B．The robot can learn who owns what.C．The robot follows no wrong orders.D．The robot can solve complex situations.DACB。

2023名校版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,”says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days aweek. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,”says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.”But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,”Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.32. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?A. The right way of exercising.B. The causes of a heart attack.C. The difficulty of keeping fit.D. The aging process of the heart.33. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?A. Diet plan.B. Professional background.C. Exercise type.D. Previous physical condition.34. What does Levine’s research find?A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.35. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?A. Making use of the findings.B. Interviewing the study participants.C. Conducting further research.D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.A new study shows that increases in extreme winter weather in parts of the US are linked to quickened warming of the Arctic.Over the past four decades, warming in the Arctic has been far more definite than that in the rest of the world and has caused a rapid decrease of summer sea ice. Heating in the Arctic has ultimately disturbed the circular pattern of winds known as the polar vortex (旋涡). As a result, it got stretched out of shape and slid southward off the pole. Scientists believe this vortex stretching process led to the deadly Texas cold wave in February this year.“The polar vortex over the Arctic usually locks in cold air at the poles and does not easily move south. The stronger thewinds, the more the air inside is kept, and the colder it gets,”explained lead researcher Dr. Judah Cohen, who’s a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. “Melting ice in the Arctic and rising temperatures can disturb the Arctic vortex, making cold air no longer locked in the Arctic, but move some farther south.”The researchers say that their findings are based on both observations and modelling and they show a physical link between climate change in the Arctic, the stretching of the polar vortex and the impacts on ground.The researchers believe their work could improve predictions about the beginning of extreme cold winter events. The research team also believes that their findings will help people understand that global warming is complex and perhaps let go of the idea that colder winters mean climate change isn’t happening. “In the past, these cold extremes over the US and Russia have been used to justify not reducing carbon, but there’s no longer any excuse not to start reducing emissions right away,”said Dr. Cohen.28. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The explanation given by scientists.B. The formation of Texas cold wave.C. The decrease of summer sea ice.D. The polar vortex’s being disturbed.29. What is the function of polar vortex?A. Preventing cold air from escaping.B. Helping cold air move freely.C. Accelerating the melting of ice.D. Making the wind stronger.30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Global warming merely causes unnecessary fear.B. Weather-gone-wild pattern is a fantasy.C. Reducing emissions is a pressing matter.D. There’s no longer any excuse not to start reducing emissions.31. In which column of a website can the text probably be found?A. Entertainment.B. Tourism.C. Education.D. Environment.。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解训练含答案Sunlight may have helped remove as much as 17 percent of the oil on the surface of the Gulf of Mexico following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill (泄漏). That means that sunlight plays a bigger role in cleaning up such spills than previously thought, researchers suggested on February 16.When sunlight shines on spilled oil in the sea, it can kick off a chain of chemical reactions, transforming the oil into new compounds. Some of these reactions can increase how easily the oil dissolves in water, called photodissolution (光溶解). But there has been little data on how much of the oil becomeswater-soluble.To assess this, environmental chemists Danielle Haas Freeman and Collin Ward, both of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, placed samples of the Macondo oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill on glass disks and irradiated (照射) them with light using LEDs that send out wavelengths found in sunlight. The two then chemically analyzed theirradiated oil to see how much was transformed into dissolved organic carbon.The most important factors in photodissolution, the researchers found, were the thickness of the slick and the wavelengths of light. Longer wavelengths dissolved less oil, possibly because they are more easily scattered by water, than shorter wavelengths. How long the oil was exposed to light was not as important.Though the team didn’t specifically test for seasonal or latitude differences, computer simulations based on the lab data suggested that those factors, as well as the oil’s chemical makeup, also matter.The researchers estimate irradiation helped dissolve from 3 to 17 percent of surface oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill, comparable to processes such as evaporation and grounding on coastlines. What impact the sunlight-produced compounds might have on marine ecosystems, however, isn’t yet known.12. In which section of a news website may this text appear?A. Education.B. Science.C. Travel.D. Health.13. How does sunlight remove the spilled oil in the ocean?A. By transforming the oil into water.B. By turning the oil into dissolved organic carbon.C. By speeding up the chemical reactions of water.D. By preventing the chemical reactions of the oil.14. What matters most in photodissolution according to Danielle and Collin?A. The oil’s chemical makeup.B. The time of exposure to light.C. Seasonal and latitude differences.D. The thickness of the slick and wavelengths of light.15. What’s the text mainly about?A. Various factors affect the photodissolution of oil spills in the ocean.B. The Deepwater Horizon spill greatly damaged the marine ecosystem.C. Sunlight may help clean up oil spills in the ocean more than previously thought.D. Sunlight-produced compounds might have a great impact on marine ecosystems.Keys BBDC[2021·天津二模卷]From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When children are little we make them read aloud before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they “know”all the words they are reading. This means that when they don't know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.One day soon after school had started, I said to them, “Now I'm going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that's enough for me. Also I'm not going to ask you what words mean.”The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, “Mr Holt, do you really mean that？”I said just as seriously, “I mean every word of it.”During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk. From a glimpse of the illustrations, I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It can't be，”and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick, in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Don't you find parts of it rather heavy going？”She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is—an exciting, joyous adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of “understanding”that can be dug out of a book.1．According to the passage, children's fear and dislike of books may result from ________.A．reading little and thinking littleB．reading often and adventurouslyC．being made to read too muchD．being made to read aloud before others2．The teacher told his students to read ________.A．for enjoymentB．for knowledgeC．for a larger vocabularyD．for higher scores in exams3．Upon hearing the teacher's talk, the children probably felt that ________.A．it sounded stupidB．it was not surprising at allC．it sounded too good to be trueD．it was not different from other teachers' talk4．Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?A．She skipped over those easy parts while reading.B．She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.C．She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.D．She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.5．From the teacher's point of view, ________.A．children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while readingB．children should be left to decide what to read and how to readC．reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in schoolD．reading involves understanding every little piece of informationKeys DACCB。

名校2023版高考英语阅读理解精读含答案Samsung Electronics America announced that Galaxy device owners can make their own repairs to the Galaxy S20 and S21 family of products, as well as the Galaxy Tab S7+, starting August 2nd.Samsung is cooperating with iFixit,the leading online repair community, to deliver their Self-Repair program. This program adds to Samsung’s continued expansions for convenient repair for consumers and helps them with sustainable solutions to support a more circular economy by extending the life of their devices, as well as minimizing e-waste.Samsung consumers who wish to make their own repairs can now purchase real device parts and convenient, easy-to-use repair tools, available through iFixit, Samsung retail (零售) and service locations, at the same pricing offered to our repair providers. In addition, Galaxy device owners will have full access to online repair guides that provide both visual and written step-by-step instructions, and best of all, at no cost.“Making replacement parts available is a key sustainability strategy. We’re excited to be working directly with Samsung and their customers to extend the lifetime of their phones,”said CEO of iFixit.Starting today, Galaxy device owners can replace the phone screen, back glass, and charging ports. In the future, Samsung plans to expand self-repair to include more devices and repair options from our extensive product portfolio (产品组合).Furthermore, the program makes it easy for consumers to return their thrown-away parts for responsible recycling, as the new display kits will come with a return label to shipthrown-away parts back to Samsung — at no cost to the consumer.In addition to the convenience of these new self-repair options, Galaxy smartphone owners have a choice on how they can extend the life of their devices across Samsung’s expansive care options, including: Through Samsung’s perfect care network, customers have access to over 11,000 Samsung Mobile certified repair technicians in the U.S.12. Who will do the repair work under the Self-Repair program?A. The iFixit community.B. The Galaxy consumers.C. Samsung Repair staff.D. The devices themselves.13. What is the Samsung company aiming to do according to paragraph 2?A. To promote a circular economy.B. To make full use of the old parts.C. To enrich the life of the phone users.D. To ensure better service by iFixit.14. Which of the following is free of charge?A. The Samsung device parts.B. New Samsung products.C. The written repair instructions.D. The easy-to-use repair tools.15. Which can be the best title for the text?A. A New InventionB. A New TechnologyC. A Successful CooperationD. An Initiative practiceAlice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids’teeth, instead of destroying them.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s good for my teeth so that my parents can’t say no to it?”With that in mind,Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.With her dad’s permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy.As CanCandy’s success grows, so does Moore’s credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she’s also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.Meanwhile, with her parents’help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded hercompany early on in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy’s profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.28．How did Moore react to her dad’s warning?A．She argued with him.B．She tried to find a way out.C．She paid no attention.D．She chose to consult dentists.29．What is special about CanCandy?A．It is beneficial to dental health.B．It is free of sweeteners.C．It is sweeter than other candies.D．It is produced to a dentists’recipe.30．What does Moore expect from her business?A．To earn more money.B．To help others find smiles.C．To make herself stand out.D．To beat other candy companies.31．What can we learn from Alice Moore’s story? A．Fame is a great thirst of the young.B．A youth is to be regarded with respect. C．Positive thinking and action result in success. D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied B AB C。