2000—2014年山东省植被净初级生产力对土地覆盖变化的响应
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第三章长江上游初级生产力评估植被既是重要的自然资源,又是自然条件(如地质、地貌、气候、土壤等)和人类开发利用资源状况的综合反映。
随着全球变化的加剧及其对全球变化研究的不断深入,植被作为陆地生物圈的主体,在生态系统中的作用也日益受到重视,尤其是在全球物质循环、能量流动、调节全球碳平衡、减缓大气中CO2等温室气体浓度上升趋势以及维护全球气候稳定等方面具有不容忽视的意义。
植被净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity,NPP)是指绿色植物在单位面积、单位时间内所累积的有机物数量,表现为光合作用固定的有机碳中扣除植物本身呼吸消耗的部分,这一部分用于植被的生长和生殖,也称净第一性生产力。
NPP 作为地表碳循环的重要组成部分,不仅直接反映了植被群落在自然环境条件下的生产能力,表征陆地生态系统的质量状况,而且是判定生态系统中碳源/碳汇和调节生态过程的主要因子,在全球变化及碳平衡中扮演着重要的作用。
自20世纪60年代以来,各国学者对NPP的研究倍受重视,国际生物学计划(International Biological Programme,IBP,1965~1974)期间,曾进行了大量的植物NPP的测定,并以测定资料为基础联系气候环境因子建立模型对植被NPP 的区域分布进行评估如Miami模型、Thornthwaite纪念模型、Chikugo模型等。
建立于1987年的国际地圈——生物圈计划(International Geo-Biosphere Programme,IGBP)、全球变化与陆地生态系统(GCTE)和最近出台的京都协定(Kyoto Protocol)均把植被的NPP研究确定为核心内容之一(IGBP,1998)。
长江上游地区面积广大,地形复杂,气候多样,植被类型丰富,是我国生态屏障关键区,也是重要的生态脆弱区和气候变化敏感区。
同时,它还是我国生物多样性和自然保护集中区和我国重要的森林分布区、草地分布区。
蔚县矿区植被净初级生产力时空变化特征及影响因素王雪;丁建伟;谭琨;李海东【摘要】The government has paid much attention to impacts of mining on the ecological environment of the mine, and a number of studies have been done on damages mining has brought about to vegetation in mining areas. Based on domestic high resolution remote sensing image data in combination with the observation data of the meteorological stations in the re⁃gion, estimation was performed of net primary productivity (NPP) of the vegetation in the mining area of Yuxian County from 2013 to 2015 with the carnegie ames stanford approach ( CASA) . Seasonal variation of NPP of the region and changes in land use in July of each of the past three years were analyzed, and correlations between NPP and various climate factors were also analyzed to explore formain factors affecting seasonal variation of the NPP relative to type of the vegetation. Main factors affecting NPP varied with the type of vegetation, and the type of mining activities as well. Analysis of dependence relativity between NPP and climate variables in July of 2013, 2014 and 2015 reveals that precipitation is the main factor affecting NPP in the center and south of the county, where is mining and residential quarters are concentrated, while solar radiation and temperature is the major one in the north of the county, where mountains dominate and are less disturbed by human activities.%以国产高分辨率影像数据作为数据源,结合气象站点观测数据,利用光能利用率模型对蔚县煤矿区2013—2015年各季节的植被净初级生产力(net primaryproductivity,NPP)进行估算。