Charles Dickens

CharlesDickens狄更斯英文简介Charles Dickens was a famous English critical realism novelist in the 19th century.He created some of the world's most memorable fictional characters and is generally regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian period. During his life, his works enjoyed unprecedented fame, and by the twentieth century his literary genius was broadly acknowledged by critics and scholars. With time going by, his novels and short stories continue to be widely popular. He had a well-off family in his early years and was once educated in a private school for a period of time,but his parents often banqueted guests and used money without restraint.At the age of 15, he graduated from Wellington College, and then worked into a lawyer line. Later he turned to newspaper, becoming a reporter at the age of 20.Like many others, he began his literary career as a journalist.Dickens wrote many works in his life，such as the Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations, David Copperfield,The Old Curiosity Shop and so on. Pickwick Papers was Dickens? first big pop ular success, written when he was only twenty-four years old.His literary style is a mixture of fantasy and realism.。

2023年最新的狄更斯英文介绍查尔斯狄更斯[1]，英国小说家，出生于海军小职员家庭，10岁时全家被迫迁入负债者监狱，11岁就承担起繁重的家务劳动。

下面是惠好考试网分享的狄更斯的介绍。

供大家参考！狄更斯的介绍查尔斯狄更斯[1]，英国小说家，出生于海军小职员家庭，10岁时全家被迫迁入负债者监狱，11岁就承担起繁重的家务劳动。

曾在皮鞋作坊当学徒，16岁时在律师事务所当缮写员，后担任报社采访记者。

他只上过几年学，全靠刻苦自学和艰辛劳动成为知名作家。

狄更斯是高产作家，他凭借勤奋和天赋创作出一大批经典著作。

他又是一位幽默大师，常常用妙趣横生的语言在浪漫和现产中讲述人间真相，狄更斯是19世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表。

艺术上以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的心理分析，以及现实主义描写与浪漫主义气氛的有机结合著称。

马克思把他和萨克雷等称誉为英国的一批杰出的小说家。

查尔斯狄更斯(Charles Dickens，1812--1870)是英国十九世纪伟大的批判现实主义作家，一生创作了大量作品，广泛描写了19世纪英国维多利亚时代的社会生活，揭露了资产阶级金钱世界的种种罪恶。

狄更斯(1812-----1870)英国现实主义作家，是继莎士比亚之后对实界文学产生巨大影响的小说家。

代表有《匹克威克外传》《双城记》《大卫科波菲尔》等。

狄更斯所生活的年代,英国资本主义经济发展迅速。

经济繁荣的同时，现实的阶级矛盾也逐渐加深统治阶级疯狂追求利润，想发横财,工人们失业无家可归。

狄更斯从人道主义出发，呼吁统治者在追求个人利益的同时，不能剥夺劳动人民的权力,劝戒统治者要讲道德，有良知得人。

2生平编辑1812年2月7日，狄更斯出生在英国南部朴次茅斯的波特西地区一个贫寒的小职员家庭里。

父亲是海军会计处的小职员，因无法清偿债务而被投进债务监狱。

这时刚满10岁的狄更斯不得不挑起全家生活重担，11岁时就被送到一家皮鞋油作坊去当童工。

为节省开支，母亲和弟妹都搬进监狱和父亲住在一起。

第10单元查尔斯•狄更斯10.1复习笔记Charles Dickens(1812-1870)(查尔斯•狄更斯)1.Life(生平)Charles Dickens was born into a clerk family in Portmouth,Hampshire in1812. When he was11,his father was put to a debtor’s prison,so he was forced to work ten hours a day in a warehouse.At fifteen,he began to work as a lawyer’s office boy and read at the British Museum in his spare time.The suffering of his childhood has provided writing materials for his works.In1833,his first book,Sketches by Boz, was published.In the same year,he got married and meanwhile was writing The Pickwick Papers,which helped Dickens rise to fame at25.His industry was tremendous and his energy inexhaustible.He wrote novels,autobiographies,travel books,wrote and performed plays,edited periodicals,and administered charitable organizations.After the separation from his wife,he began to give public readings from his works to increase income,which further undermined his health.In1870, while working on The Mystery of Edwin Drood at his country house,he suffered a stroke of apoplexy and died a day later.After a simple funeral according to his wish, he was buried in Westminster Abbey.查尔斯·狄更斯1812年出生于朴茨茅斯的一个小职员家庭。

Charles DickensCharles Dickens (1812-1870), was the most eminent novelist in the early Victorian period. Dickens came from a poor background. When he was young, his father was imprisoned for debt, and he had to leave school and work in a shoe factory. He almost received no formal education, but he worked hard and did many readings on his own. Then he wrote for a pictorial book, The Pickwick Papers, which became very popular and he started his lifelong writing career. Dickens was a prolific writer. He wrote 20-odd novels and many other writings all his life.Dickens’s novels are a reflection of his own childhood, suffering in a blacking shoe factory and visiting his father in a debtor’s prison. So the archetypal Dickensian hero or heroine is often an orphan or a child whose parents, though still alive, are as well as dead to them. They find themselves alone in the heartless world, without family love and any sense of security, ignored by society and struggle for survive.Dickens’s writing feature is basically optimistic in the first two stages. While in the third stage, he becomes more and more gloomy. He is frustrated and despaired about man’s cruelty to his fellow creatures. So the later phase of his career sees him painting a social picture disconcertingly dismal and agonizing. Dickens’s province is the whole of English society of his time. He gives readers a bird’s-eye view of the panorama of English life. Dickens is essentially an intuitive artist. Spontaneity was his trade mark. His genius is basically comic. Grotesque effect and melodramatic effect are two notable feature of Dickens’s humorous narratives. Besides, Dickens is highly critical of his age. Social criticism is a hallmark of all his works. He stands forever on the side of the poor and feels adamant about the just and righteous nature of their struggles for survival.Oliver Twist is one of Dickens’s famous novels. The hero, called Oliver, is an orphan. He was born in England, in a very old orphanage and when he was a baby, his mother was dead. And then, he was regarded as goods, given to him or her. Finally, he met a very kind old man-Mr. Brown. Since then, Oliver’s life become better and better. The story is a realistic description of the grim and dark side of the life. It really has a complicated plot. It is a strong attack on social injustices and a desire for a new order of society, but Dickens seems to have faith in the charitable spirit of human beings and keeps an optimistic attitude toward society.Jane Austen (1775-1817) is a famous English female writer. She is the first mature novelist. Although she was born in the romantic period, she is not a romantic writer. She tends to be realistic, but is influenced by romanticism in some ways. Austen came from a well-cultured country family. As she published her novels anonymously, she was not famous in her lifetime. Scott admired her talent for portraying ordinary life in a wonderful way. Among her numerous strengths are her exquisite, compact prose, her moral judgment, her wit, and her vivid character portrayal. She was not married in her lifetime.One thing to note about her fiction is its limited subject. She wrote her novels for her own family circle. Her novels cover just that section of society to which she belonged: the country gentry and their lives in the rural village setting. There is hardly any aristocrat or a poor peasant to feature as her major characters. It reveals a principle in literary creation that one can show one’s best when one makes the best of one’s best knowledge.Austen’s writing feature is unifying the realistic and detailed portrayal of outward manners and behaviors combined with inward psychological exploration. Other features of her writing are the complex and subtle portrayal of characters, a classic precision of structure, a vivid and humorous dialogue, her quiet irony and her simple delicate analysis of character. Because of her “limitation”, her novels have neither heroic passions nor astounding adventures. Austen is the founder of the novel dealing with unimportant middle-class people. Her writing style is easy and effortless.Pride and Prejudice is Austen’s masterpiece. The story is mainly about Mrs. Bennet’s four daughters’ marriage. Elizabeth, the second oldest daughter and Darcy’s love is used as the main plotline and the other three daughters’ marriage as the subordinate plot. In the story, Charlotte and Mr. Collins marry for material wealth and social position. Lydia and Wickham marry for passion. While, Elizabeth and Darcy, Jane and Bingley marry for true love. The gallery of woman here is simply glittering. It is the panorama view of the female gender in the world of men. Austen uses love and marriage as the subject matter, and dedicatedly describes the middle class and upper class’s life during late 18th to early 19th century. The theme of the story is that maturity is achieved through the loss of illusions.George Eliot (1819-1880) whose original name is Mary Ann Evans, is the most preeminent novelist in the mid-Victorian period and the most prolific woman writer in the 19th-century England. Eliot was not happy with her personal life. She was homely, though with plenty of will and brains, no one seemed to want her. Her life with George Henry Lewes was the happiest of all her life and career, but he died ahead of her. She began to write in the age of nearly 40. In 1859, she published her first long novel Adam Bede. It became popular immediately.Eliot’s major thematic concern relates to individual choices. It is her belief that though people felt the manipulation of the forces out of their control, they still had room for free choice. Good choices do good to society and get rewarded, while bad ones do evil and get their due in the end. Eliot has a big heart. She can be ruthless in her criticism of human weakness, but she exhibits a high degree of tolerance and understanding. She has a faith in human nature and the goodness of a moral world. No character of hers is a total villain without any virtue. Eliot is noted for her masterly psychological descriptions. In fact she has been seen as the precursor of “the psychological novel”. She explains the inner lives of her characters and people’s relationship to their localized conditions. She reveals the motives of her characters and the moral lesson. Then she develops the heredity can affect a person’s life. Her works show superb conception and execution and include much favorable feminist criticism. Her subject matter is life in the countryside, because of her emotional attachment to traditional ways of village life. She believes that social stability and harmonious human relationship can only be found in the long-established traditions of village life. Eliot is also a pastoral novelist, a great moralist, a philosophical novelist and a conscious literary artist. She is in a high position in England novel, only the Bronte sisters can equal with her.Her masterpiece is Middlemarch. It is her finest novel. It has a multiple plot-the main plotline and four other complimentary storylines. The main plotline concerns Dorothea Brooke’s life, especially her marriage to the middle-aged scholar Mr. Casaubon. Four other storylines include the stories of young doctor Tertius Lydgate’s marriage with Rosmond Vincy; the tale of old Mr. Featherstone; that of Fred Vincy in love with Mary Garth; and that of a banker who is torn between his immoral business ethics and his religious spirit. The novel describes various characters’ inner world and depicts people’s lives with cinematic precision. The major character Dorothea is a woman who intends to do something for other people but whose inspiration is frustrated time and again. She is noble-hearted and courageous to challenge social conventions and not in full control of her own life.Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) is the last of the great Victorian novelist. Hardy was born in Dorset, southern England. Son of a builder, he became a builder himself. At the age of 22, he began to write poetry. He insisted in studying literature and philosophy by himself. Then in 1867, he began to write novels. While, for the last three decades of his life, he turned back to poetry and became one of the major Victorian poets. Hardy was the most pessimistic novelist of the Victorian Age. Life after 1870s became drastically different with drastic changes in mood and tenor. The age of Emile Zola’s naturalism had arrived. Hardy was apparently affected: the spirit of determinism characteristic of the naturalistic works of the period permeated his later novels as well. But Hardy is not a naturalistic writer. Hardy was a prolific writer. His Victorian novels were divided into 3 groups, novels of character and environment, romances and fantasies and novels of ingenuity. He also wrote short stories and post-Victorian poetry.Hardy’s writing features lie in his determinist stance on the nature of life and the cosmos, his sharp sense of the humorous and absurd and his love and observation of the natural world with strong symbolic effect. Hardy’s stories are always moving and bewitching. He deviates consciously from traditional Victorian realism that emphasizes plot more than characterization. It is definitely to his credit that he manages to bring back to fiction a high sense of tragedy, the Greek sense of fatality. What’s more, Hardy places emphasis on the deeper psychology of his characters. Hardy’s language possesses a silent power and charm. His prose is studded with rhetorical devices and poetic imagery, and is richly connotative. He is also famous for his uneven style. While there are some minor flaws in Hardy’s works-his ideas are not always clear, and his plots may occasionally jump and dislocate.Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the most famous novel of Hardy. The story is about the tragic fate of Tess. Tess is a beautiful and pure girl at first. Then tragedies happen to her constantly. Under the torment of the hate for Alec and the love for Angel, Tess falls into great despair and she stabs Alec and runs away with Angel. But she is finally arrested and hanged. The story reveals the spirit of determinist defeatism and enforces its shibboleth of predestination, and no amount of human effort can alter its design of darkness. Tess is a paragon of innocence. What she asks for life is simple enough: to be loved and happy. But she is not get it because she is at the mercies of the odds against her. (Two men must appear in her life to confuse and distract her. One is totally evil; the other apparently good. The two both serve as the instruments of Chance. So many coincidences occur in Tess’ life that the hand of Chance is in evidence wherever she goes.) This novel is a mirror for the spirit of the time. Hardy describes his critical attitude towards the unjust treatment of women and his denunciation of the hypocrisy of the social structures an moral codes of Victorian England.。

Charles DickensCharles Dickens (1812-1870)is considered to be one of the greatest English novelists of the Victorian period. Dickens's works are characterized by attacks on social evils, injustice, and hypocrisy.Charles Dickens was born in Landport, Hampshire on February 7, 1812. His father was a clerk in the navy pay office, who was well paid but often ended up in financial troubles. In 1814 Dickens moved to London, and then to Chatham, where he received some education. He worked in a blacking factory, Hungerford Market, London, while his family was in Marshalea debtor's prison in 1824In 1824-27 Dickens studied at Wellington House Academy, London, and at Mr. Dawson's school in 1827. From 1827 to 1828 he was a law office clerk, and then worked as a shorthand reporter at Doctor's Commons. He wrote for True Son (1830-32), Mirror of Parliament (1832-34) and the Morning Chronicle (1834-36). He was in the 1830s a contributor to the Monthly Magazine, and The Evening Chronicle and edited Bentley's Miscellany. In the 1840s Dickens founded Master Humphry's Clock and edited the London Daily News.Dickens's career as a writer of fiction started in 1833 when his short stories and essays appeared in periodicals. His Sketches By Boz and The Pickwick Papers were published in 1836.In the same year he married the daughter of his friend George Hogarth, Catherine Hogarth.The Pickwick Papers were stories about a group of rather odd individuals and their travels to Ipswich, Rochester, Bath and elsewhere. Dickens's novels first appeared in monthly installments, including Oliver Twist (1837-39), which depicts the London underworld and hard years of the foundling Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickelby (1838-39), a tale of young Nickleby's struggles to seek his fortune, and The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-41).Among his later works are David Copperfield (1849-50), where Dickens used his own personal experiences of work in a factory, Bleak House(1852-53), A Tale OfTwo Cities (1859), set in the years of the French Revolution and Great Expectations (1860-61)From the 1840s Dickens spent much time traveling and campaigning against many of the social evils of his time. In addition he gave talks and reading, wrote pamphlets, plays, and letters. In the 1850s Dickens was founding editor of Household Words and its successor All the Year Round (1850-70). In 1844-45 he lived in Italy, Switzerland and Paris. He gave lecturing tours in Britain and the United States in 1858-68.From 1860 Dickens lived at Gadshill Place, near Rochester, Kent. He died at Gadshill on June 9,1870. the unfinished mystery novel The Mystery of Edwin Drood.。

Charles DickensCharles Dickens (7 February 1812 –9 June 1870) was a famous English critical realism novelist in the 19th century. “He created some of the world's most memorable fictional characters and is generally regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian period. During his life, his works enjoyed unprecedented fame, and by the twentieth century his literary genius was broadly acknowledged by critics and scholars.”With time going by, his novels and short stories continue to be widely popular. In his works, he paid special attention to the life of "little guy" at the bottom of society in the UK, which deeply reflected the complex social reality at that time.LIFE AND CAREERCharles Dickens was born in Portsmouth on 7 February 1812, the second son of John and Elizabeth Dickens. He had a well-off family in his early years and was once educated in a private school for a period of time, but his parents often banqueted guests and used money without restraint. As a result, his father, inspiration for the character of Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield, was imprisoned for bad debt when Charles Dickens was 10 years old. “The entire family, apart from Charles, was sent to Marshalsea along with their patriarch. Charles was sent to work in Warren's blacking factory and endured appalling conditions as well as loneliness and despair.”He worked over 10 hours every day. After three years, luckily, his father inherited a legacy of the family, so their economic conditions were improved. He was returned to school, but the experience was never forgotten and became fictionalized in two of his better-known novels David Copperfield and Great Expectations.At the age of 15, he graduated from Wellington College, and then worked into a lawyer line. Later he turned to newspaper, becoming a reporter at the age of 20.“Like many others, he began his literary career as a journalist. His own father became a reporter and Charles began with the journals The Mirror of Parliament and The True Sun. Then in 1833 he became parliamentary journalist for The Morning Chronicle. With new contacts in the press he was able to publish a series of sketches under the pseudonym 'Boz'. In April 1836, he married Catherine Hogarth, daughter of George Hogarth who edited Sketches by Boz. Within the same month, came the publication of the highly successful Pickwick Papers, and from that point on there was no looking back for Dickens.”Besides a huge list of novels, “he published autobiography, edited weekly periodicals including Household Words and All Year Round, wrote travel books and administered charitable organizations. He was also a theatre enthusiast, wrote plays and performed before Queen Victoria in 1851. His energy was inexhaustible and he spent much time abroad - for example lecturing against slavery in the United States and touring Italy with companions Augustus Egg and Wilkie Collins, a contemporary writer who inspired Dickens' final unfinished novel The Mystery of Edwin Drood.He was estranged from his wife in 1858 after the birth of their ten children, but maintained relations with his mistress, the actress Ellen Ternan.”However, too much hard work and disappointment at reform seriously impaired his health. He died of a stroke in 1870 and buried at Westminster Abbey. His tombstone wrote:“He was a sympathiser to the poor, the suffering, and the oppressed; and by his death, one of England's greatest writers is lost to the world.”MAJOR WORKSDickens wrote many works in his life, and the followings are some of his most important novels. They can be divided into different periods.From 1836 to 1841, it was the first period of youthful optimism. The major works are Sketches by Boz, The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, Nichols Nickleby, The Old Curiosity Shop and so on. “Pickwick Papers (1836-37) was D ickens’ first big popular success, written when he was only twenty-four years old. It was issued in twenty monthly parts and is not so much a novel as a series of loosely linked sketches and changing characters featured in reports to the Pickwick Club. These episodes narrate comic excursions to Rochester, Dingley Dell, and Bath; duels and elopements; Christmas festivities; Mr Pickwick inadvertently entering the bedroom of a middle-aged lady at night; and in the end a happy marriage. Much light-hearted fun and a host of memorable characters are filled in this work. Oliver Twist(1837-38) expresses Dickens’ sense of the vulnerability of children. Oliver is a foundling, raised in a workhouse, who escapes suffering by running off to London. There he falls into the hands of a gang of thieves controlled by the infamous Fagin. He is pursued by the sinister figure of Monks who has secret information about him. The plot centres on the twin issues of personal identity and a secret inheritance (which surface again in Great Expectations). Emigration, prison, and violent death punctuate a cascade of dramatic events. This is the early Victorian novel in fine melodramatic form. It is recommended for beginners to Dickens.”The second period of excitement and irritation expose the corrupting influence of wealth and power, optimism turned into dissatisfaction andirritation.David Copperfield(1849-50) is a thinly veiled autobiography, of which Dickens said ‘Of all my books, I like this the best’. As a child David suffers the loss of both his father and mother. He endures bullying at school and a life of poverty when he goes to work. he soon runs away to his Aunt Betsey Trotwood in Dover. Aunt Betsey adopts him and sends him to Dr. Strong's private school in Canterbury, where David meets his best friend Agnes Wickfield, as well as the slimy Uriah Heep.David grew up and became a lawyer, he fall in love with beautiful but childish Dora Spenlow. He marries Dora, despite her uselessness in household chores. However, Dora Spenlow soon falls ill and dies, leaving David single and heartbroken. David is very sad, and left his country. He travels throughout Europe, during which time he publishes his first novel with the help of old school-friend Thomas Traddles, and during this odyssey realizes he loves Agnes Wickfield. Upon his return he proposes to her, and the two quickly marry. They later move into a house in London along with their young children. The book is packed with memorable characters such as Mr. Micawber, the fawning Uriah Heep, and the earth-mother figure Clara Peggotty. The plot involves Dickens’ recurrent topics of thwarted romance, financial insecurity and misdoings, and the terrible force of the legal system which haunted him all his life.The third period of intensifying (increasing) pessimism, showed underlying tone of bitterness, loss of hope for English bourgeois society.“A Tale of Two Cities(1859) was Dickens’ account of the French Revolution –with the story switching between London and Paris. It views the causes and effects of the Revolution from an essentially private point of view, showing how personal experience relates to public history. The characters are fictional, and their political activity is minimal, yetall are drawn towards the Paris of the Terror, and all become caught up in its web of suffering and human sacrifice. The novel features the famous scene in which wastrel barrister Sydney Carton redeems himself by smuggling the hero out of prison and taking his place on the scaffold.”The novel ends with the memorable lines: "It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to, than I have ever known." Great Expectations (1860-61) traces the adventures and moral development of the young hero Pip as he rises from humble beginnings in a village blacksmith’s. Eventually, via good connections and a secret benefactor, he becomes a gentleman in fashionable London –but loses his way morally in the process and disowns his family. Fortunately he is surrounded by good and loyal friends who help him to redeem himself. Plenty of drama is provided by a spectacular fire, a strange quasi-sexual attack, and the chase of an escaped convict on the river Thames. There are a number of strange psycho-sexual features to the characters and events, and the novel has two subtly different endings –both adding ambiguity to the love interest between Pip and the beautiful Stella. There are other famous works in this period, such as Bleak House(1852-1853), Hard Times(1854) and so on.STYLESHe has different writing styles in different periods. In his early period, the works are of gentle social criticism, Fantastic optimism, La novela picaresca and Exaggeration. In his middle period, the works are of vigorously criticizing on bourgeois and his morality, gentle moralism, humor and satire. At the same time, The plot and structure are more complete and unified. In his later period, the works are of socialcriticism, gentle reformism and strong humanitarian, exploration of man’s inner confli cts and symbolismHis literary style is also a mixture of fantasy and realism. “Dickens was once a newspaper reporter so his descriptions show a wonderful eye for detail. Dickens loved words, and liked to produce a 'pretty piece of writing' in different styles. He included lots of powerful adjectives, and is famous for his use of metaphors and similes. His descriptions often present people, their surroundings, and even the weather, in ways which reinforce each other, so that certain 'feel' is built up through the passage. From the early 1850s, Dickens gave public readings of his novels. His writing is rhythmic and designed to be read out loud. He loved to make young women in his audience laugh or weep, so many of his characters are either hilariously comic or heart-broken sentimental. In addition, Dickens was also a master of dialect and used what is called 'substandard' speech to add to the picture of a character he was building up.”References1．《插图本英国文学史》2.。