过去分词作定语、表语、宾补和状语
一、考点、热点回顾
过去分词构成规则
1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived ,
(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不规则动词，见课本P104。
过去分词作定语
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。作定语的过去分词这叫分词形容词(the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。
单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；
a broken heart 一颗破碎的心spoken English 英语口语
the risen sun 已经升起的太阳fried chips 炸土豆条
a lost child 丢失的孩子cooked food 熟食
eg：My parents are both retired teachers. 我的父母都是退休教师。
过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
a novel written by Luxun a school built for orphans
people addicted to drugs the advice given to the patient
eg：Everybody attended the meeting held last week. 所有人都参加了上周举行的会议。
过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代词时，也要放在这些词后面。
eg:He is one of those invited.
Nothing reported in the newspaper interested him.
过去分词和现在分词在做定语时的区别：
过去分词表示被动或完成；现在分词表示主动或进行。
I.语态上
现在分词: 表示主动的动作
过去分词: 表示被动的动作
eg: He is the man swimming in the river just now.
He was reading a novel written by Charles Dickens.
II.时间上
现在分词: 表示正在进行
过去分词: 表示完成
eg:
eg:
I know the people building the house there.(主动、进行）
The house being built over there is a shop. (被动、正在建)
The house built over there is a shop.（被动、已建好）
The house to be built over there is designed by a famous architect.（被动、将来）
练习（用publish 的不同形式填空）
His book ______________ last year sells well.
His book ___________________ now will be on sale next year.
His book ___________________ next year will be his best one.
The press(出版社) _________________ his book is famous in the city.
（1）Tsinghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A ．found
B ．founding
C ．founded
D ．to be founded
考查非谓语动词。句意为“建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。”T singhua University 与found 之间存在着被动关系， founded 过去分词表被动，表动作已完成，故选C 。
（2）You cannot accept an opinion ________ to you unless it is based on facts.
A ．offering
B ．to offer
C ．having offered
D ．offered
D 句意：你不能接受什么观点，除非它以事实为基础。动词offer 的逻辑主语就是opinion ，opinion 和动词offer 构成逻辑上的被动关系，表被动，用过去分词。
过去分词作表语
表语常位于系动词之后，系动词除了be 外，还有以下几类：
1、感官系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel
2、变化系动词：become, get, turn, grow, fall, go, come
3、持续系动词：stay, keep, remain
4、表象系动词：seem, appear , look
5、终止系动词：turn out, prove （证明是，结果是）
I. 过去分词放在连系动词之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。
eg: The door remained locked.
He seemed quite delighted at the news.
II. 过去分词用作表语时，其动作意味很弱，在功能上接近形容词的用法，被动语态强调的是动作。 eg: Be prepared! 大家准备好。（系表结构，强调主语所处的状态）
The book was written by a soldier.（被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作）
III. 与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示“令人…的”，多用来修饰物，过去分词作表语，表示“感到…the falling leaves
the fallen leaves
boiling water boiled water the developing country the developed country
