Unit1英美文学和电影

- 160-校园英语 / 基础教育校本选修课程之英美名著与电影片段赏析宁波市鄞州区鄞江中学/潘崇村一、课程设计与课程定位英语语言学习的最佳状态是应该上升到文学的高度，而英语文学的最好形式就是英美国家的文学名著，这是英语语言学习的宝库。

但是对于高中生而言，阅读原版英美名著是较困难的，因为学生的词汇量和相应的文化背景等知识量的储备还不足以达到那么高的阅读水平。

因此我们设计的这门选修课程以英美名著为基础，选择了相应名著改编的电影为载体，通过电影可以让学生从视觉和听觉的角度更直观地理解英美名著的核心内容，使学生直接了解到国外当今以及历史上的语言的发展，历史、文化、建筑等多方面的社会状况，为提高学生的学习兴趣，了解所学语言国家的全面真实的情况提供一个直观的场景，拉近国与国之间的距离，有着身临其境的感觉。

高中阶段英语教学要培养学生用英语进行恰当的交流的能力；用英语获取信息、处理信息的能力；用英语进行思维的能力。

这里着重点在于能力的培养，这完全符合新课程标准对于英语教学的要求。

电影艺术的声情并茂，情景交融的场面感染着英语学习者，实践证明，这是一种深受学生欢迎的学习形式。

在英美文学欣赏课的教学之中运用多媒体技术可以增加单位时间内的教学内容，提高学生的学习兴趣。

二、课程纲要与内容简介本课程的开设满足了学生的学习实际，可以培养他们应用英语的能力，以适应社会发展的需要。

但由于课时的限制，我们只能节选和截取这些英美名著和相应改编的电影的精彩片段在课堂上加以呈现，让学生对这些片段进行学习和欣赏，从而体会英美名著的独特魅力和跨文化交际的差异。

英美文学名著为我们提供了有价值的权威的语言材料，文学作品可以穿越时空界限，了解所学语言国家不同历史时期的文化。

同时由于文学作品涉及不同阶层，不同阶级的形形色色的人，他们是虚构的人物，但又是生活中的人物，学习他们的语言又是学习活生生的语言，学生的语言知识会得到极大的丰富。

从一些经过改编的文学名著电影入手，采取由浅入深、逐步深入的方式进行教学是切实可行的。

Colonial America （17世纪初）1. John Smith: A Description of New England2. William Bradford: Of Plymouth Plantation3. John Winthrop: A Model of Christian Charity4. Anne Bradstreet安妮·布莱德斯特第一部作品《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》“The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America”Contemplations沉思Tenth MuseTo My Dear and Loving Husband The Flesh and the Spirit5. Edward Taylor爱德华·泰勒（the first and last, a puritan poet,concerned about his images speak for god）Huswifery Upon a Spider Catching a Fly6. Roger Williams: The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience7. John Woolman: Journal8. Thomas Paine托马斯·佩因（对美国革命有主要影响）Common Sense常识The American Crisis美国危机The Rights of Man The Age of Reason 9. Philip Freneau菲利浦·弗瑞诺neoclassical by training and taste yet romantic in essential spirit The Wild Honey Suckle The Indian Burying Ground The Rising Glory of America 10. Charles Brockden Brown:心理学小说作品第一部小说：《威兰》（Wieland）主要的四部小说：《埃德加亨特利》（Edgar Huntly）《奥蒙德》（Ormond）《阿瑟默文》（Arthur Mervyn）以及第一部An American Tale 第一部美国小说American Puritanism清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing.1.Jonathan Edwards（Religious idealism宗教唯心主义；reassert the Calvinist; Great Awakening）Personal Narative 自述The Freedom of the Will 意志的自由The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended原罪说辩Images or Shadows of Divine Things神灵的形影The Nature of True Virtue Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God2.Benjamin Franklin（level-headed common sense；签署四大文件的唯一人；the symbol of the age of Enlightenment, the close of colonial）The Autobiography自传——美国最早的传记文学作品Poor Richard’s Almanac穷人查理德的年鉴American Romanticism（the first half of 19世纪或18世纪末到内战时期）简介：Magazine is important to expand literary受到的双重影响：New World environment and an array of ideas inherited from the romantics traditions of Europe.共同点：moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception1.Washington Irving（the first American writer of imaginative literature to gaininternational fame ；the first great prose stylist of American romanticism；the father of American literature；反映美国文学从18世纪的理性文学到19世纪的浪漫文学；the American goldsmith）作品features: avoid moralizing; amuse and entertain,departs Puritan forebear; envelop story in an atmosphere写作风格或人物:1.vivid and true; 2.humorous; 3.finished and musical language第一部作品纽约外史A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty（重要著作The Sketch Book: Rip V an Winkle The Legend of Sleepy Hollowthe first modern short stories；作者won international recognition; the beginning of American Romanticism)《作者自叙》：“The Author’s Account of Himself”布雷斯布里奇庄园Bracebridge Hall克里斯托弗·哥伦布生平及航海历史A History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus 格拉纳达征服编年史A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada阿尔罕布拉Alhambra Life of Goldsmith Life of WashingtonCulminate顶峰：New England Transcendentalism 超验主义(American Renaissance) Major feature: ▲Oversoul; individual; nature as symbolic of the Spirit or GodNew England Transcendentalism was , Romanticism on the Puritan soil.1.Ralph Waldo Emerson (the leader ; seminal influence on independence American culture; he believed above all in▲individualism, independence of mind and self-reliance;one major elements of philosophy哲理in firm belief is▲OversoulIndependent culture：①Nature ——“the manifesto of American Transcendentalism”；his first philosophical work②The American Scholar ——“Declaration of Intellectual Independence”The Representative Men English Traits the Conduct of Life2.Henry David Thoreau (faithful follower of Emerson; a prophet of individualism in American literature)代表作Walden( Life in the wood)——come out of the period under discussionCivil Disobedience《平民反抗》essay A Week on the Concord and Merrimack River The Maine Woods Cape Cod Slavery in MassachusettsA Plea for Captain John Brown Letters to Various Persons3. Nathaniel Hawthorne (against the Emerson‟s optimistic trend)One source of evil in Hawthorne is overweening intellect.Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbolic stories which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature.(The Scarlet Letter ——reveal the blackness of vision幻想It is an elaboration of a fact which the author took out of the life of the Puritan past.The way suggests that American Romanticism adapted itself to American Puritan moralism. Concerned with the moral,emotional,and psychological effect of the sin on the people.it not a praise of a Hester sinning, but a hymn on the moral growth of the woman when sinned against.The result is that, whereas Hester is able to reconstruct her life and win a moral victory, Dimmesdale undergoes the tragic experience of physical and spiritual disintegration.女主角Hester Prynm:honest, calmly face fault…A‟代表：Adultery——Able——AngelMoral: man is to be true, honest, and ever ready to show one’s worst to the outside world.)The House of the Seven Gables七尖角阁房Twice-Told Tales故事重述Mosses from an Old Manse《古厦青苔》The Marble Faun”《玉石神像》福谷浪漫史The Blithedale Romance The Custom House海关大楼短篇小说Young Goodman Brown小伙子布朗Dr. Rappcini’s DaughterThe Minister’s Black Veil4. Herman Melville（against the Emerson‟s optimistic trend ）Moby Dick ——The book is steeped in symbolism.one of the major themes in Melville is alienation. which he sensed existing in the life of his time on different levels, between man and man, man and society, and man and nature.It represents the sum total of Melville’s bleak 暗淡view of the world in which he lived.Reveal the basic pattern of 19世纪American life: loneliness and suicidal individualism in a self-styled 自称的democracy.The voyage itself is a metaphor for “search and discovery, the search for the ultimate truth of experience.” Moby Dick is a symbol of evil. Its whiteness is a paradoxical color,signifying as it does death and corruption as well as purity,innocence, and youth.Billy Budd《比利·伯德》（最后一部）Clarel克拉勒尔is his famous poetic workTypee Omoo Mardi Redburn PierreWhite Jacket The Confidence Man5. Walt Whitman（transitional figure from Romanticism and Transcendentalism to Realism）One of major principles of Whitman’s technique is parallelism or a rhythm of thought 思想上的平行和节奏；another principles of Whitman’s versification诗律is phonetic recurrence语音循环free verse，broke the traditional iambic pentameter抑扬格五音步第一部Leaves of GrassSong of Myself——reveal a world of equality,without rank and hierarchy等级制度I Sit and Look Out I Hear America Singing O Captain, My Captain6. Emily Dickinson(Whitman is national, Dickinson is regional; religious-ethical and political-social ideas; basic tone is tragic悲剧；largest portion of poetry concern death and immortality; on the ethical:free will and human responsibility；with Stephen Crane，the precursor of Imagist movement；Henry James called “the landscape of the soul“)Because I Could not Stop for Death I Heard a Fly Buzz-when I diedI Died for Beauty-but Was ScarceMy Life Closed Twice before its Close Mine—by the Right of the White ElectionWild Nights—Wild Nights As Imperceptibly as GriefA Narrow Fellow in the Grass The Brain is Wilder than the SkyTell All the Truth but Tell It Slant I Like to See It Lap the Miles7. Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·阿伦·坡(备受争议的人物，但是在欧洲很出名；a writer of fiction, a poet of the first rank, critic of acumen聪慧and insight洞察力;the first author is to make neurotic the heroic figure; the father of psychoanalytic critic ism and detective story; psychological fiction;style is traditional)The poem should be short , readable at one sitting.Its chief aim is beauty, namely, to produce a feeling of beauty in the reader.Melancholy忧郁is the most legitimate of all the poetic tones.The death of a beautiful woman is the most poetical topic in the world.Ms. Found in a Bottl e获得短篇小说奖To Helen，one of the most famous of Poe’s lyrics.The RavenThe Fall of the House of UsherThe murders in the Rue Morgue——an ingenious detective story侦探小说,became the ancestor of the genreTales of the Grotesque and ArabesqueRealism（the latter half of 19世纪）against the lie of romanticism and sentimentalismcalled for “reality and truth”1.William Dean Howells 威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯Influence journal——The Atlantic Monthly大西洋月刊His defined realism: nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material.The Rise of Silas LaphamA Modern Instance现代婚姻Criticism and Fiction Literature and Life2. Henry James 亨利·詹姆斯（开创the international novel；the international theme and psychological realism;the first modern psychological analysts）international theme:the meeting of America and Europe，American innocence in contact and contrast with European decadence, and its moral and psychological complication.“point of view”——at the center of his aesthetic of the novelDaisy Miller—win him international fame and reveal his fascination with international themeThe AmericanThe Portrait of a Lady(早期最好的作品)The Art of Fic-tion小说的艺术第2阶段The Bostonians The Princess Casamassima The Tragic Muse长篇小说（第3阶段）The Ambassadors——a comedy of American and European manners；The Wings of the Dove；The Golden Bowl3.Mark Twain（local colorism）美国文学之父原名Samuel Langhorne Clemens 塞缪尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯代表作The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (colloquial style口语体)First novel:The Gilded Age——标志现实主义的开端Life on the MississippiThe Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (national famous)Roughing It The Prince and the Pauper A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court Pudd’nhead Wilson The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg长篇论文What is Man The Mysterious Stranger Autobiography American Naturalism (in the nineties of the 19th century)Darwinian“ the survival of the fittest”and “the human beast”1.Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩(继承Dickinson的诗风；意象主义imagism诗歌的先驱者；a pioneer writing in naturalistic tradition)第一部Maggie: A Girl of the Street——the first American uncompromising坚定的naturalistic novelRelates the story of a good woman’ s downfall and destruction in a slum environment.Novel:The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章短篇小说The Open Boat The Blue Hotel The Bride Comes to Yellow SkyThe Black Riders (his first book of poems) George’s MotherActive Service War Is Kind2.Theodore Dreiser西奥多.德莱塞Sister Carrie——naturalism attained maturity成熟traces the material rise of Carrie Meeber and the tragic decline of G. W. Hurstwood.珍妮姑娘Jannie Gerhardt 金融家The Financier 巨人The Titan 天才Genius 美国悲剧An American Tragedy 德莱塞访苏印象记Dreiser Looks at RussiaHemingwayHemingway hero: dignity, grace under pressure 例如Nick Adams作品：first important novel ——The Sun Also Rise ——became the spokesman for “a lost generation”代表作：丧钟为谁而呜For Whom the Bell TollsA Farewell to Arms永别了，武器老人与海The Old Man and the Sea海明威英雄的经典表述：a man can be destroyed but not defeated.。

Unit 1 Lights, camera, action!Extended Reading 教案教材分析：本课时是拓展阅读。

语篇是电影《阿甘正传》节选片段的剧本，即阿甘第一天上学的情境。

阿甘乘坐校车去上学，由于阿甘与常人不同，校车上没有一个小孩愿意与他分享座位，只有Jenny分享了她的座位，并愿意与他交谈。

学生需要阅读电影剧本，识别剧本中的角色，故事场景和情节等，最后分享自己喜欢的台词并阐述原因。

教学策略与设计说明：采用任务型教学法(Taskbased language teaching)，布置活动任务，设置活动目的，引导学生完成相关任务，达成各教学步骤设计目的。

教学目标：在本课学习结束时，学生能够：1.语言能力上，正确理解文中的重点短语和词汇，如“pull up, recall, despite, event”等；欣赏并理解文章采用的修辞手法，例如明喻（simile）；能够进行角色扮演演绎剧本。

2.思维品质上，发散思维，从不同的视角思考问题，辩证地分析问题，创造性的提出自己的想法并提出例子论证。

3.文化品格上，了解电影剧本的相关知识，懂得欣赏电影的表演，场景，角色特点和台词，提高英语学习的兴趣。

4.学习能力上，厘清电影剧本的框架结构，如角色名称，行为描述，电影解说，对白等；准确获取语篇中的关键信息，如人物，场景和情节，根据电影解说和对白分析人物的性格特征。

教学重点：学生能够厘清电影剧本的框架结构，准确识别主要人物，场景和故事情节。

教学难点：1.学生缺乏电影剧本的相关背景知识。

2.学生多视角考虑问题，从语言上赏析电影台词。

教学资源：教材、多媒体课件、黑板与粉笔。

教学过程：备注：Ss: Students T: TeacherIW: Individual work GW: Group work CW: Class work教学反思：1.学生通过本课时学习，能否厘清电影剧本的结构框架，赏析电影台词的修辞手法。

英美文学文本到影视思维的审美跃迁与融合早在克里斯托弗·马洛与莎士比亚的世纪，世界文学的戏剧化表达即已沿着文学复兴之路扬帆远航，马洛与莎翁赖以支撑其戏剧的文学洞察亦深受约翰利里与基德风格的多重化影响，而此后的文学则开始经历了现实主义刻划入微的描绘与浪漫主义激情难抑的情怀以及现代主义的语言直抵官能的进阶审美表达。

英美文学恰恰以这种层级不断递进的次第为影视艺术创制与表达带来了高潮不断的巅峰时刻。

一、影视与英美文学的融合（一）叙事级表象化融合文学是影视艺术的原初形态，而英美文学则是近现代世界文学的引领者之一。

英美文学作品中的人物塑造有着鲜明突出的形象，而其表达则有着曲折跌宕的情节与激烈燃情的沖突。

这样复杂化的创作给文学的影视化表达带来了一种母体的充分哺育，影视艺术创制在文学这一养份十足的沃土上的植根，为其带来了迅速成长为参天大树的最佳意识准备。

无论后现代的影视艺术将如何发展，文学都始终会是影视艺术创制的母体，影视艺术一旦失去了文学的刻划力、洞察力、意识力，则必将沦为一场毫无存在感的闹剧。

在后现代影视艺术作品之中，不仅有着纯粹的影视艺术化光影表达，并且，在光影之中，人们仍然能够非常清晰地看到文学的“立于文字，形诸想象，诉诸意象”的影子，而恰恰是这种文学与影视的双重叙事模式才使得英美文学中诸多鲜活的史诗般的形象得以跃然于大银幕与小荧屏之上，从而完成了文学长达十数个世纪沉淀的光影凝聚与完形。

（二）文本改编级表象化融合英美文学的文本述说为其影视艺术化表达带来了一个以影视映像，述说文本抽象的由抽象化图符向表象化影像改编转化的契机。

这种限于时空的非完全对称与对位的改编转化，既为影视艺术化表达带来了表象化的必然性，亦为文学文本的内涵转化带来了一种由创制所决定的或然性。

这种必然性与或然性建构起了影视艺术化表达的光影魅力，影视与英美文学的这种通感式的转化将传统的文学文本的抽象化思考一并转化为一种基于视觉的表象化思考。