英美文学作家作品吐血总结

介绍英国有名的作家及其文学作品《英国伟大作家及其文学作品》英国是一个享誉世界的文学强国，拥有众多世界级的作家和他们的经典作品。

以下是介绍一些英国著名作家及其文学作品的精选。

1. 《傲慢与偏见》 - 简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）简·奥斯汀是世界文学史上最出色的女性小说家之一，她以精细的社会描写和幽默的文笔闻名。

《傲慢与偏见》是她最著名的作品之一，描绘了智慧与爱情的故事，饱含对当时社会等级制度的讽刺。

2. 《哈利·波特》系列 - J·K·罗琳（J.K. Rowling）J·K·罗琳被誉为现代英国最重要的作家之一。

她创作的《哈利·波特》系列一经推出，便席卷全球，成为全球畅销书。

这个系列以魔法世界为背景，讲述了哈利·波特成长为一位伟大魔法师的冒险故事。

3. 《奥利弗·吉本斯》 - 查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）查尔斯·狄更斯是维多利亚时代最伟大的文学家之一，以描写贫民窟和社会不公而闻名。

《奥利弗·吉本斯》是他的一部经典之作，揭示了伦敦贫穷阶层的苦难和社会问题。

4. 《1984》 - 乔治·奥威尔（George Orwell）乔治·奥威尔是一位政治作家和评论家，他的作品揭示了政府权力和社会审查的黑暗面。

《1984》被认为是奥威尔最具影响力的作品之一，通过描述一个被极权统治的未来社会，警示人们对个人自由的珍惜。

5. 《爱玛》 - 简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）再次提到简·奥斯汀，她被誉为英国浪漫主义文学的代表。

《爱玛》是她的代表作之一，讲述了一个富裕而自恋的女主角的爱情故事。

小说中充满了细腻的情感描写和对社会约束的讽刺。

6. 《鲁滨逊·克鲁索》 - 丹尼尔·笛福（Daniel Defoe）丹尼尔·笛福是英国文学史上的早期写实主义文学作家之一，《鲁滨逊·克鲁索》是他的代表作。

美国文学中的主要作家及其代表作品美国文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，拥有众多杰出的作家和作品。

本文将介绍一些主要的美国作家以及他们的代表作品，以展示美国文学的丰富与多样性。

一、马克·吐温（Mark Twain）马克·吐温是美国文学史上最著名的作家之一，他以幽默和讽刺的风格闻名于世。

他的代表作品《汤姆·索亚历险记》和《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》被视为美国文学的经典之作，揭示了美国南方社会的黑暗和种族歧视现象。

二、欧内斯特·海明威（Ernest Hemingway）海明威是20世纪美国文学的巨匠，他以简洁明快的写作风格和对战争、人性的深刻洞察而闻名。

他的代表作品《老人与海》讲述了一个老渔夫与大海的搏斗，通过对人性、毅力和命运的思考，展现了人类的勇气和坚韧。

三、威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner）福克纳是美国南方文学的代表人物，他的作品充满了对美国南方历史和文化的深度思考。

他的代表作品《喧哗与骚动》和《押沙龙，押沙龙！》以其复杂的叙事结构和深刻的人物描写而著称，探讨了种族、阶级和家庭关系等重要议题。

四、弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德（F. Scott Fitzgerald）菲茨杰拉德是美国爵士时代文学的代表人物，他的作品描绘了上层社会的繁华与堕落。

他的代表作品《了不起的盖茨比》通过对财富、爱情和美国梦的探索，揭示了人类对幸福的追求与现实的冲突。

五、托尼·莫里森（Toni Morrison）莫里森是美国当代文学的重要代表，她以其对种族、性别和历史的关注而获得了广泛的赞誉。

她的代表作品《亲爱的》和《宠儿》通过对非洲裔美国人的生活经历和心理状态的刻画，探讨了种族歧视和自我认同等重要议题。

六、约翰·斯坦贝克（John Steinbeck）斯坦贝克是美国现实主义文学的代表人物，他的作品关注农民和工人阶级的生活困境。

Edmund SpenserThe faerie QueeneChristopher Marlowe 克利斯朵夫.马洛Tamburlaine/Dr.Faustus/The Jew of MaltaWilliam Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth /Romeo and Juliet/Sonnet 18:shalli compare three to a summer's dayFrancis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根The Advancement of Learning/Novum Organum /Of Studies John Donne 约翰.邓恩The Songs and SonnetsGeorge Herbertvirtue:sweet day, so cool,socalm,so brightBen John"Song-To Celia":drink to me only with thine eyesRobert Herrick"To the Virgins,to Make Much of Time":gather ye rosebuds while ye mayJohn Milton 约翰.弥尔顿Paradise Lost/Paradise Regained/Samson AgonistesJohn Bunyan 约翰.班扬The Pilgrim,s Progress《天路历程》Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特A Modest Proposal/Gulliver's Travels/A Tale of a Tub /The Battle of the BooksAlexander Pope 亚历山大.蒲伯An Essay on Criticism /The Rape of the LockDaniel Defoe丹尼尔.笛福Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》Henry Fielding 亨利.费尔丁The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling/The History of Jonathan Wild the GreatSamuel Johnson 塞缪尔.约翰逊A Dictionary of the English LanguageRichard Brinsley Sheridan 理查.比.谢立丹The Rivals /The School for ScandalThomas Gray托马斯.格雷“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》Robert Burns 罗伯特•彭斯A Red,RedRose:o,myluve's like a red,red roseWilliam Blake 威廉布莱恩Marriage of Heaven and Hel/songs of Experience/Songs of Innocence;when my mother die i was very youngWilliam Wordsworth威廉.华兹华斯Robert Southey and Coleridgeas the “Lake Poets”Lyrical Ballads.《抒情歌谣集》/The Prelude 序曲/ “i wondered londly as a CloudSamuel Taylor Coleridge塞.泰.科勒律治Kubla Khan/The NightingaleGeorge Gordon Byron乔治.戈登.拜伦Childe Harold ' s Pilgrimage《恰尔德.哈罗德游记》Don Juan/"She Walks in Beauty"/"Song for the Luddites":as the libery lads o'er the seaPercy Bysshe Shelley 柏.比.雪莱“Ode to the West Wind”/Prometheus Unbound/QueenMab/The Cenci/"A Song:'Men of England'"John Keats 约翰.济慈"Ode on Melancholy"/"Ode on a Grecian Urn”/“Ode to aNightingale”/“Ode a Psyche”/ “To Autumn”:season of mists and mellow fruitfulnessJane Austen 简.奥斯汀Sense and Sensibility/Pride and Prejudice/Emma/Persuasion / Mansfield ParkCharles Dickens 查尔斯.狄更斯The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club /liver Twist/A tale of two Cities/ Great ExpectationsCharlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂.布朗蒂Jane EyreEmily Bronte 艾米丽.布朗蒂Wuthering HeightsAnne Bronte 安妮.布朗蒂Agnes GreyAlfred Tennyson阿尔弗雷德.丁尼生Idylls of the King《国王诗歌集》Thomas Hardy 托马斯.哈代Jude the Obscure/Tess of the D，Urbervilles:her narrative ended George Bernard Shaw 乔治•萧伯纳Widowers House /Mrs. Warren,s Profession/Caesar and Cleopatra/St. Joan/Back to Methuselah/Pygmalion 卖花女John Galsworthy 约翰.高尔斯华绥The forsyte saga/The Man of Property/Form the Four windsWilliam Butler Yeats 威廉.巴特勒.叶芝The Lake Lsle of Innisfree/The Wind Among the Reeds T.S.Eliot埃略特The Waste Land/The Four Quartets / “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock James Joyce詹姆斯.乔伊斯Ulysses《尤利西斯》wrence 戴维.伯特.劳伦斯Sons and Lovers. /The Rainbow / Women in LoveWilliam Golding 威廉戈尔丁Lord of the Flies 蝇王Samuel Beckett赛缪尔•贝尔特Waiting for Godot等待戈多Dylan Thomas狄兰•托马斯Death and Entrances死亡与出场Ted Hughes 特德•休斯Hawk in the Rain 雨中鹰Seamus Heaney谢默斯•希尼Death of a Naturalist 一位自然主义者之死Washington Irving 华盛顿.欧文The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon/Rip van WinkleEdgar Allan Poe 埃德加•坡The Goldbug/Muders in the Rue MorgueRalph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫.华尔多.爱默生Nature/The America Scholar/Walden Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳萨尼尔。

杰弗里·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer，1340年—1400年），英国中世纪著名作家，出生于一个酒商家庭。

1359年随爱德华三世的部队远征法国，被法军俘虏，不久以黄金赎回。

乔叟当过国王侍从，出使许多欧洲国家，两度访问意大利，发现了但丁、薄伽丘和彼特拉克的作品，对他的文学创作起了极大的作用。

代表作：《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）其他作品《公爵夫人之书》(Book of the Duchess)、《声誉之宫》(The House of Fame)、《百鸟会议》(The Parliament of Fowles)、《贤妇传说》(The Legend of Good Women)以及《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》(Troilus and Criseyde)。

乔叟于1400年10月25日在伦敦逝世，葬于威斯敏斯特教堂里的“诗人之角”。

乔叟的死因不明，可能是被谋杀，英国的中世纪研究专家特里·琼斯曾出了一本书《谁谋杀了乔叟？》。

乔叟率先采用伦敦方言写作，并创作“英雄双行体”，对英国民族语言和文学的发展影响极大，故被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。

艾德蒙·斯宾塞（1552-1599）毕业于剑桥大学，著名英国诗人，尤以十四行诗著称。

在不少英国批评家眼中，斯宾塞是英国历史上最伟大的诗人之一，与其齐名的，仅莎士比亚、弥尔顿、华兹华斯等二三人而已。

从一个外国读者的眼中来看，他的诗无疑是优美可诵的，例如他写的十四行诗，就不比莎士比亚逊色。

可以爱情小唱（1595）第75首为例：有一天我把她的名字写在沙滩上，大浪冲来就把它洗掉。

我把她的名字再一次写上，潮水又使我的辛苦成为徒劳。

“妄想者，”她说，“何必空把心操，想叫一个必朽的人成为不朽！我知道我将腐烂如秋草，我的名字也将化为乌有。

” “不会，”我说，“让卑劣者费尽计谋而仍归一死，你却会声名长存，因为我的诗笔会使你的品德永留，还会在天上书写你的荣名。

名词解释1、English RomanticismEnglish Romanticism is a term that denotes most of the writings that were written between 1798 and 1832 during which writers concentrate on feelings and interests rather than structure and order. It was to some extent a reaction against the neoclassical period that preceded it. It designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience. It also places the individual at the center of art, making literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feelings and particular attitudes, and valuing its accuracy in portraying the individual's experiences. Nature and imagination are the things that the Romantics worshipped most. The principal Romantic poets were Wordsworth, Blake, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats. The main novelists were Sir Walter Scott and Jane Austen. Lamb, Hazlitt and de Quincey were important essayists. Many of the ideas of English Romanticism were first expressed in Lyrical Ballads collaborated by Wordsworth and Coleridge.2、Critical realismCritical realism is a new literary trend in the V ictorian period. It is based on realism which presents life and the natural-world as they are and without idealistic or romantic coloring. Famous critical realist writer are Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray and the Bronte sisters, etc. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th century realist novel, they carry their duly forward to the criticism of the society and the defense of the mass. Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry with the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the money- worship and Utilitarianism, and the widespread misery, poverty and injustice. Their truthful picture of people's life and bitter and strong criticism of tile society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems and in the actual improvement of the society.3、Stream-of-consciousnessStream-of-consciousness is a phrase taken from William James’s Principle of Psychology (l890) that bas become common in literary terminology where it refers to the attempt by novelists to reproduce the thoughts, impressions and ide as of a character’ s mind as they occur.In English fiction, the novels of Stream-of-Consciousness were represented by James Joyce and V irginia Woolf. Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly, particularly the hesitant, misted, distracted and illusory psychology people had when they faced reality. Britain was the center of the novels of Stream-of-consciousness.4、RealismRealism is literature is associated with a rejection of fantasy, mythology, and highly complex and, therefore, implausible plots. Instead, a realist novel will tend to concentrate on “ordinary people”and the feature stories either based on, or similar to, real events. Also tend to avoid the linguistic experimentalism of, say, a James Joyce, in favor of prose that doesn’t draw attention to itself, and presents the story as clearly as possible. Character is more important than action and plot. Class is important; events will usually be plausible; objectivity in presentation becomes increasingly important. Diction is natural vernacular, not heightened or poetic; tone may be comic, satiric, or matter-of-fact.《西风颂》“Ode to the West Wind ”I、作者：Percy Bysshe Shelley (珀西比希雪莱)II、考点及题型：1、For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.Be through my lips to unawakened EarthThe trumpet of a prophecy! O, Wind,If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”From Percy Bysshe Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind”. This part illustrates Shelley’s optimistic belief in the future of mankind.2、Briefly analyze Shelley’s Ode to the W est Wind.In Ode to the West Wind, Shelley eulogized the powerful west wind and expressed his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. The autumn wind, burying the dead year, preparing for a new spring, becomes an image of Shelley himself, as he would want to be, in its freedom, its destructive-constructive potential, its universality.3、What does Shelley want to tell the reader in his "Ode to the W est Wind"?Best of all the well-known lyric pieces is Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" (1819); here Shelley's rhapsodic and declamatory tendencies find a subject perfectly suited to them. The autumn wind, burying the dead year, preparing for a new Spring, becomes an image of Shelley ；himself, as he would want to be, in its freedom, its destructive-constructive power , its universality. "I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!" calls the Shelley that could not bear being fettered to the humdrum realities of everyday! The whole poem has logic of feeling, a progression that leads to the triumphant, hopeful and convincing conclusion: "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" Here is no reassurance, no mysticism, but the primal amorality of nature itself, with its mad fury and its pagan ruthlessness. Shelley's ode is an invocation to a primitive deity, a plea to exalt him in its fury and to trumpet the radical prophecy of hope and rebirth.《哈姆雷特》“Hamlet”1、作者：William Shakespeare （威廉姆莎士比亚）2、作者主要作品:四大悲剧：1、Hamlet （哈姆雷特）2、Othello (奥赛罗)3、King Lear (李尔王)4、Macbeth (麦克白)四大戏剧：1、A Midsummer Night’s Dream(仲夏夜之梦)2、Twelfth Night（第十二夜）3、All’s W ell That Ends W ell （终成眷属）4、The Merchant of Venice (威尼斯商人)3、人物关系：哈姆雷特Prince Hamlet ——丹麦王子。

评论集：FrenchPoetsandNovelists法国诗人和小说家> <Hawthorne霍桑> <PartialPortraits不完全的画像> <NotesandReviews札记与评论> <ArtofFictionandOtherEssays小说艺术
6、WilliamCullenBryant威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特1794-1878
ThePoems1821> <1932诗选:ToaWaterfowl致水鸟-----英语中最完美的短诗> <Thanatopsis死亡随想---受墓园派影响> <TheWhitefootedDeer白蹄鹿> <AForestHymn森林赋> <TheFloodofYears似水流年
23、HenryJames享利·詹姆斯1843-1916
小说：DaisyMiller苔瑟·米乐> <ThePortraitofaLady贵妇人画像> <TheBostonians波士顿人> <TheRealThingandOtherTales真货色及其他故事> <TheWingsoftheDove鸽翼> <TheAmbassadors大使> <TheGoldenBowl金碗
10、HenryDavidThreau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-1862
Wadden,orLifeintheWoods华腾湖或林中生活> <ResistancetoCivilGovernment> <CivilDisobedience抵制公民政府> <AWeekontheConcordandMerrimackRivers

13、Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow亨利沃兹沃 思 朗费罗1807-1882
The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一 部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poe ns民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路 边客栈的故事---诗集：An April Day四月的 天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Revere'Ride保罗里维尔的夜 奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯 斯坦迪什的求婚----叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反畜奴组诗
8、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉
尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生
1803-1882
Essays散文集:Nature论自然 —— 新英格兰超验主义者 的旦言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-relianee论 自立;The
Novel-Readi ng小说创作与小说阅读
21、Henry Adams享利 亚
当斯1838-1918
History of the United States During the Administration of
Jeffers on and Madis on（历史著作）;The Edueati on of
The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯 拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instanee现代婚姻;A Hazard of Now Fortunes时 来运转;A Traveller from Altruia从利他国来的旅 客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼----乌托邦 小 说;Critieism and Fietio n;N ovel-Writi ng and

Part 1. Colonial America 殖民地时期的美国文学Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩(1737-1809)：The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man:Downfall of Despotism人的权利：专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺(1752-1832)：The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地Jonathan Edwards 乔纳森·爱德华(1702—1758)：The Freedom of the Will自由意志论；The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended 伟哉原罪论辩；The Nature of True Virtue 真美德的性质Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林(1706-1790):A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money；Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传Part 2. American Romanticism 美国浪漫主义文学Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文(1783-1859)：A History of New York纽约的历史——美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The SketchBook见闻札记；The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说——使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀(1789-1851)：The Spy间谍；The Pilot领航者；The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿；Leatherstocking T ales皮裹腿故事集：The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人；The Prairie大草原；The Pathfinder探路者；The Deerslayer杀鹿者Part 3.New England Transcendentalism 新英格兰超验主义文学Ralf Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生(1803-1882)：Essays:Nature散文集：论自然——新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书；The American Scholar论美国学者；Divinity:TheOversoul论超灵；Self-reliance论自立；The Transcendentalist超验主义者；Representative Men代表人物；English Traits英国人的特征；School Address神学院演说；Concord Hymn康考德颂；The Rhodo杜鹃花；The Humble Bee野蜂；Days日子——首开自由诗之先河Henry David Thoreau 亨利·大卫·梭罗(1817-1862)：Wadden, or Life in the Woods瓦尔登湖，或林中生活；Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience论公民的不服从；A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers在康科德河与梅里麦克河上一周Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗(1807-1882)：The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌——美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗；Voices of the Night夜吟；Ballads and Other Poems民谣及其他诗；Belfry of Bruges and OtherPoems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗；Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事：AnApril Day四月的一天；A Psalm of Life 人生礼物；Paul Revere’s Ride保罗·里维尔的夜奔；Evangeline伊凡吉琳；The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚；Poems on Slavery奴役篇Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑(1804-1864)：Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事；Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔：Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗；The Scarlet Letter红字；The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子；The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇；The Marble Faun玉石雕像Herman Melville 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔(1819-1891)：Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比·迪克/白鲸；Typee泰比；Omoo奥穆；Mardi玛地；Redburn雷得本；White Jacket白外衣；Pierre皮尔埃；Piazza广场故事；Billy Budd比利·巴德Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼(1819-1892)：Leaves of Grass草叶集：Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌；I hear America Singing 我听见美洲在歌唱；When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时；Democratic Vistas民主的前景；The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题；Song ofMyself自我之歌Emily Dickinson 埃米莉·迪金森(1830-1886)：The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉·迪金森诗集Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡(1809-1849)：Tales of the Grotesque andArabesque怪诞奇异故事集；Tales故事集；The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌；Ligeia莱琪儿；Annabel Lee安娜贝尔·李——歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头；Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗；The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗：The Raven乌鸦；The City in the Sea 海城；Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔；To Hellen致海伦Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽特·比彻·斯托(1811-1896)：Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋；A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片；The Minister’s Wooing牧师的求婚；The Pearl of Orr’s Island奥尔岛的珍珠；Oldtown Folks老城的人们Part 4. The age of Realism 现实主义文学William Dean Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯(1837-1920)：The Rise of SilasLapham赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹；A Modern Instance现代婚姻；A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转；A Traveller from Altruia从利他国来的旅客；Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼——乌托邦小说；Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与小说阅读Henry James 享利·詹姆斯(1843-1916)：小说：Daisy Miller戴茜·米勒；The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像；The Bostonians波士顿人；The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove鸽翼；The Ambassadors大使；The Golden Bowl金碗评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家；Hawthorne霍桑；Partial Portraits不完全的画像；Notes and Reviews札记与评论；Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术Part 5. Local Colorism 本地主义文学Mark Twain(Samuel Langhorne Clemens) 马克·吐温(1835-1910)——美国文学的一大里程碑：The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙；The Innocent’s Abroad傻瓜出国记；The Gilded Age镀金时代；The Adventures of TomSawyer汤姆·索耶历险记；The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿；The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记；A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬；TheTragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson傻瓜威尔逊；Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉·达克；The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人；How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事——对美国早期幽默文学的总结Part 6. American Naturalism 自然主义文学Stephen Crane 斯蒂芬·克莱恩(1871-1900)：Maggie: A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬——美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运；The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章；The Open Boat小划子；The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇Frank Norris 弗兰克·诺里斯(1870-1902)：Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰；Mc-Teague麦克提格；The Epic of the Wheat小麦诗史；A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事Theodore Dreiser 西奥多·德莱塞(1871-1945)：Sister Carrie嘉莉妹妹；Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘；Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲：Financer金融家；The Titan巨人；The Stoic斯多葛；An American Tragedy美国的悲剧——被称为美国最伟大的小说；Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗Edwin Arlington Robinson 鲁宾逊(1869-1935)：Captain Craig克雷格上尉——诗体小说；The Town Down the River河上的城镇；The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的人Avon’s Harvest沃冯的收成Collected Poems诗集Jack London 杰克·伦敦(1876-1916)：The Son of the Wolf狼之子；The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤；The Sea-wolf海狼；White Fang白牙；The People of the Abyss深渊中的人们；The Iron Heel铁蹄；Marti Eden马丁·伊登；How I become a Socialist我怎样成为社会党人；The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争；What Life Means to Me生命对我意味着什么；Revolution革命；Love of Life热爱生命；The Mexican墨西哥人；Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下Upton Sinclair 厄普顿·辛克莱尔(1878-1968)：Spring and Harvest春天与收获；The Jungle屠场——揭发黑幕运动的代表作家；King Coal 煤炭大王；Oil石油；Boston波士顿；Dragon’s Teeth龙齿Part 7. The 1920s 20世纪20年代的美国文学Imagism意象主义：Ezra Pound 艾兹拉·庞德(1885-1972)：The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神；The Anthology DesImagistes意像派诗选；Cathay华夏——英译中国诗；Literary Essays文学论；A Few Don’ts by Imagist意象派戒条；Personage面具；Polite Essays文雅集；The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章——109首及8首未完成稿Thomas Stearns Eliot 托马斯·艾略特(1888-1965)：Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克；The Waste Land荒原：TheBurial of the Dead死者的葬礼；A Game of Chess弈棋；The Fire Sermon火诫；Death byWater水边之死；What the Thunder Said雷电之言；名诗：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三；Four Quarters四个四重奏；诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案；Family Reunion大团圆；Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会Wallace Stevens 华莱士·史蒂文斯(1879-1955)：Harmonium风琴；The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的人；Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction关于最高虚构的札记：Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得·昆斯弹风琴；Sunday Morning礼拜天早晨；The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦；Collected Poems诗集William Carlos Williams 威廉·卡罗斯·威廉斯(1883-1963)：Spring andAll 春；The Journey of Love爱的历程；Pictures from Brueghel布留盖尔的肖像；Paterson佩特森——5卷长诗；Asphodal, That Green Flower常青花日光兰——长诗；Red Wheelbarrow红色手推车；The Widow’s Lament in Spring寡妇的春怨；The Sparrow, to My Father麻雀——致父亲；Proletarian Portrait无产阶级画像Robert Frest 罗伯特·弗罗斯特(1874-1963)：A Boy’s Wish少年心愿；North of Boston波士顿之北：Mending Wall修墙；After Apple-picking摘苹果之后；Mountain Interval山间；The Road Not taken没有选择的道路；West-running Brook西流的溪涧；A Further Range又一片牧场；A Witness Tree一株作证的树Carl Sandburg 卡尔·桑德堡(1878-1967)：Always the Young Stranger永远是陌生的年轻人；In Reckless Ecstasy肆无忌惮的狂热；The Prairie Years草原的年代；The War Years战争的年代——林肯传记；The American Songbag美国歌袋；The People,Yes人民，好；Honey and Salt蜜与盐；Corn-huskers辗米机；Smoke and Steel烟与钢E Cumings 肯明斯(1894-1962)：Tulips anddd Chimneys郁金香与烟囱；The Enormous Room大房间；XLI Poems诗41首；Viva万岁；No, Thanks不，谢谢；Collected Poems诗集；Eimi爱米——访苏游记The Lost Generation迷惘的一代：F Scott Fitzgerald 弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德(1896-1940)：The Side of Paradise人间天堂；The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和倒霉；The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比；Tender in the Night夜色温柔；The Last Tycoon最后的巨头；短篇小说：Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们；Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事；Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号；The Ice Palace冰宫；May Days五一节；The Diamond as Big as the Ritz像里茨饭店那样大的钻石；Winter Dreams冬天的梦；The Rich Boy富家子弟；Babylon Revisted重访巴比伦；The Crack-up崩溃——自传体文集“迷惘的一代”代表人物：Ernest Hemingway 欧内斯特·海明威(1899-1961) ：In Our Time在我们的年代里；The Torrents of Spring春潮；The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起；Farewell to Arms永别了，武器；For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣；短篇小说：Men Without Women没有女人的男人；The Winners Take Notheing胜者无所获；The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇；政论：To Have and Have Not贫与富回忆录：A Moveable Feast到处逍遥William Faulkner 威廉·福克纳(1897-1962)：The Marble Faun云石林神——诗集；Soldiers'Pay兵饷——小说；Absalom, Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙——家世小说；短篇小说：Dry September干燥的九月；The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣；As I lay dying当我垂死的时候；Light in August八月之光Sherwood Anderson 舍伍德·安德森(1876-1941)：Windy McPherson’s Son 饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子；Marching Men前进中的人们；Mid-American Chants美国中部之歌；Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志；Poor White穷苦的白人；Many Marriages多种婚姻；Dark Laughter阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事；Death in the Woods and Other Stories林中之死及其他故事；I Want to Know Why我想知道为什么美国第一个获诺贝尔奖获得者：Sinclair Lewis 辛克莱·刘易斯(1885-1951)：Dur Mr Wrenn我们的雷恩先生；The Job求职；The Main Street大街；Babbitt巴比特；Arrowsmith艾罗史密斯；Elmer Gantry艾尔默·甘特里；Dodsworth多兹沃斯；It can’t Happen Here事情不会发生在这里；Kingsblood Royal王孙梦Villa Sibert Cather 维拉·凯塞(1873-1947)：O, Pioneers啊，先驱们；My Antonia我的安东尼亚；The Professor’s House教授之家；Death Comes for the Archibishop大主教之死Thomas Wolfe 托马斯·沃尔夫(1900-1938)：Look Homeward, Angel天使，望故乡；Of Time and the River时间与河流；The Web and the Rock蛛网与岩石；You Can’t Go Home Again有家归不得；The Hills Beyond远山——未完成；短篇小说：From Death to Morning从死亡到早晨Part 8. The 1930s 20世纪30年代的美国文学John Dos Passos 帕索斯(1896-1970)：The Three Soldiers；Manhattan Transfer；District of Columbia哥伦比亚大区：The Adventures of a Young Man一个年轻人的冒险；Number One第一号；The Grand Design伟大的计划；Orient Express东方特别快车——游记John Steinbeck 约翰·斯坦贝克(1902-1966)：Cup of Gold金杯；Tortilla Flat煎饼房；In Dubious Battle胜负未定；Of Mice and Men鼠和人；The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄；The Moon is Down月亮下去了；Cannery Row罐头厂街；The Pearl珍珠；短篇小说：The Red Pony小红马Part 9. Black American Literature 美国黑人文学Frederick Douglass 弗莱德里克·道格拉斯(1817-1895)：Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an AmericanSlave弗莱德里克·道格拉斯，一个美国黑人的自述MyBondage and My Freedom我的枷锁与我的自由The lifeand Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯的生平与时代William E.B. Dubois 威廉·艾伯·杜波依斯(1868-1963)：Souls of Black Folk 黑人的灵魂；The Suppression of the African Slave Trade into the USA制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国；The Philadephia Negro；John Brown；The Black Flame黑色的火焰（三部曲）James Langston Hughes 詹姆斯·兰斯顿·休斯(1902-1969)：Mulatto混血儿——剧本；The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声；Dear Lovely Death亲爱的死神；Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚；I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考；The Best of Simple辛普尔精选Ralph Ellison 拉尔夫·埃利林(1914-1994)：长篇小说：Invisible Man看不见的人；散文集：Shadow and Act影子与行动；Going to the Territory步入文学界James Baldwin 詹姆斯·鲍德温(1924-1987)：散文集：Note of a Native Son土生子的笔记’Fire Next Time下一次烈火；No Name in the Street他的名字被遗忘‘The Devil Finds Work魔鬼找到工作；小说：Go Tell it on the Mountain向苍天呼吁’Giovanni’s Room乔万尼的房间‘Another Country另一个国度；Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone告诉我火车已开多久；IfBeale Street Could T alk假如比尔能说话；Just Above My Head就在我头上；短篇小说集：Going to Meet the Man去见这个人；剧本：The Amen Corner阿门角；Blues for Mister Charley为查理先生唱布鲁斯/黑人怨；One Day When I was Lost有一天当我迷失的时候/迷路前后Part 10. American Drama 美国戏剧Eugene Oneil 尤金·奥尼尔(1888-1953)：独幕剧：Bound East to Cardiff东航卡迪夫；The Long Voyage Home归途迢迢；The Moon of the Carribbeans加勒比人之月；多幕剧：Beyond the Horizon天边外——成名作；Anna Christie安娜·克里斯蒂；The Emperor Jones琼斯皇；The Hairy Ape毛猿；All the God’s Children Got Wings上帝的儿女都有翅膀；The Great God Brown大神布朗；The Strange Interlude奇异的插曲；Mourning Becomes Electra素娥怨/悲悼；The Iceman Cometh送冰的人来了；The Long Days Journey Into Night进入黑夜的漫长旅程/日长路远夜常深沉J D Salinger 杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格(1919- )：短篇小说：The Young Folks年轻人；短篇小说集：Nine Stories故事九篇；中篇小说：Franny弗兰尼；Zooey卓埃；Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters木匠们，把屋梁升高；Seymour:An Introduction西摩其人；长篇小说：The Catcher in the Rye麦田里的守望者Tennessee William 田纳西·威廉斯(1911-1983)：American Blues美国的布鲁斯；Battle of Angels天使的战斗；The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园；The Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车；Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋顶上的猫；The Night of The Iguana鬣蜥之夜；Summer and Smoke夏与烟；The Rose Tattoo玫瑰纹；Sweet Bird of Yout可爱的青春鸟Arthur Miller 阿瑟·米勒(1915- )：Situation Normal情况正常；The Man Who Had All the Luck吉星高照的人；All My Sons都是我的儿子；The Death of a Salesman推销员之死；The Crucible严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫；A View from the Bridge桥头眺望；A Memory of Two Mondays两个星期一的回忆；After the Fall堕落之后；Incident at Vichy维希事件；The Price代价；The Creation ofthe World and Other Business创世及其他；The Archbishop’s Ceiling大主教的天花板；The American Clock美国时钟Edward Albee 爱德华·阿尔比(1928- )：The Zoo Story动物园的故事；The Death of Bessie Smith贝西·史密斯之死；The Sandbox沙箱；The American Dream美国梦；Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫；Tiny Alice小爱丽丝；A Delicate Balance脆弱的羊群；Seascape海景；The Lady from Dubuque来自杜布克的女人；The Man With Three Arms三臂人Part 11. The Post-War Scene 战后美国文学Saul Bellow索尔·贝娄(1915- )：长篇小说：Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人；The Victim受害者；The Adventure of Augie March奥基·马奇历险记；Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德逊；Herzog赫索格；MrSummlar’s Planet塞姆勒先生的行星；Humboldt’s Gift洪堡的礼物；中篇小说：Seize the Day且乐今朝The Beaten Generation垮掉的一代：Norman Mailer诺曼·米勒(1923- )：Barbary Shore巴巴里海滨；The Deer Park廘苑；An American Dream一场美国梦；The White Negro白色黑人；Advertisement for Myself为自己做广告；Why Are We inVietnam?我们为什么要去越南;The Executioner’s Song刽子手之歌;The Armies of theNight夜色幕下的大军——历史小说；New Journalism新新闻报道Joseph Heller 约瑟夫·海勒(1923- )：长篇小说：Catch-22第二十二条军规；Something Happened出了毛病；As Good as Gold像高尔德一样好；剧本：We Bombed in New Haven我们轰炸纽黑文；Catch-22: Clevinger’s Trial克莱文杰受审——据Catch-22第八章John Barth 约翰·巴思(1930- )：长篇小说：The Floating Opera漂浮的歌剧；The End of the Road穷途末路；The Sot-weed Factor烟草代理商；Letters书信集；Giles Goat-boy山羊孩子贾尔斯；Lost in the Funhouse迷失在开心馆里；Chimera客迈拉；Sabbatical学院的轮休假；The Friday Book:Essays and Other Nonfictions星期五的书：论文及其他非小说Postmodernism后现代主义：Thomas Pynchon 托马斯·品钦(1937- )：Geography of a Horse Dreamer马上梦者的地理；Angel City天使城；The Tooth ofCrime罪恶的牙齿；Family家庭：Curse of the Starving Class饥饿阶级的诅咒；BuriedChild被埋葬的孩子；True West真正的西部；Fool for Love情痴；A Lie of the Mind心灵的谎言；Paris/Texas德州的巴黎。

英国文学名家名著《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）是英国盎格鲁•撒克逊时期的一首英雄史诗，古英语文学的最高成就，同时标志着英国文学的开始。

史诗的第一部分讲述瑞典青年王子贝奥武甫来到丹麦，帮助丹麦国王赫罗斯加杀死了12年来常来进行夜袭的巨妖格伦德尔及他的母亲；第二部分简述了贝奥武甫继承王位，平安统治50年。

后来，他的国土被一条喷火巨龙蹂躏，老当益壮的贝奥武甫与火龙交战，杀死火龙，自己也受了致命伤。

杰弗里•乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer ，1340-1400)是英国文学之父亲和前最杰出的作家。

主要作品有《坎特伯雷故事集》等。

作品的主要特点是主题、题材、风格、笔调的多样性及描写人对生活的追求的复杂性。

他的代表作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）不仅描绘了31位朝圣者的各个社会阶层，而且也反映了他们各自叙述故事的不同风格，读者广泛，对后世影响很大。

威廉•莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。

他创作了大量的作品，其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。

他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演，并为人们所普遍阅读。

莎上比亚的作品文才横溢，创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻，历久难忘。

主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。

此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）也都很受欢迎。

《哈姆雷特》叙述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特替父报仇，杀死篡夺王位的叔父的故事。

英美文学选读要点整理英美文学是指主要产生于英国和美国的文学作品。

这些作品普遍被认为是世界文学史上的经典之作，它们不仅反映了当时人们的思想、风俗和历史背景，而且对后世的文学创作和思想影响深远。

本文将对英美文学的一些经典作品和代表人物展开介绍，以便读者了解基本要点。

一、莎士比亚戏剧威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学中最伟大的戏剧家之一，他的戏剧作品为后世文学创作和人类思想发展做出了重要贡献。

《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》、《李尔王》、《奥赛罗》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等都是经典之作，其传世的主题和人物追求真理、权力、爱情、自由等，至今仍然在全球范围内广为演出和阅读。

二、乔治·爱留信的小说乔治·爱留信是19世纪英国小说的代表人物之一，她的作品关注现实、自由与平等等问题，无论在文学、政治、社会观点上均有着极高的分量。

《简爱》、《呼啸山庄》、《租户人生》等作品都曾引发社会议题的讨论，一些作品甚至被认为标志着英国小说的“新浪潮”。

三、查尔斯·狄更斯的小说查尔斯·狄更斯是19世纪英国最著名的小说家之一，他的作品关注社会中下层人民的生活、权利和不公平，以及对社会的批判。

他的作品被认为是英国小说的巅峰之一，如《呼啸山庄》、《人间喜剧》等均建立了极高的声誉。

四、海明威的小说海明威是20世纪美国最著名的小说家之一，他的作品具有天才的文学技巧和特立独行的风格。

《老人与海》、《太阳也辉煌》、《对一个没有人问津的人说话》等作品，都标志着他的文学成就。

他的作品关注人物的生命意义，对现代文化产生了深远的影响。

五、弗兰纳·奥康纳的短篇小说弗兰纳·奥康纳是20世纪美国南方最著名的小说家之一，她的短篇小说关注信仰、教育和人的本性等问题。

她的作品以强烈的宗教信仰和犀利的文学抨击而著名，如《下海湾》、《一朵草地》、《歌者猝死》等作品，刻画出各种虚伪、愚昧和堕落的形象。

英美文学作家作品〖微缩版〗英美文学作家、作品〖微缩版〗英美文学"作家、作品英国部分古英语Old English 450-1066 《Beowulf》中世纪英语(文学) Medieval English 1066 - middle 14th century乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer - the father of English poetry 《The Canterbury Tales》first time to use 'heroic couplet' 英雄体双行诗文艺复兴(含义)The Renaissance - rebirth or revival人文主义Humanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being & the importance of the present life1.斯宾塞Edmund Spenser - the poets' poet 《The Faerie Queene》诗人中的诗人《仙后》2.马洛Christopher Marlowe - University Wits, the pioneer of English drama Blank verse 无韵诗体, hyperbole夸张浮士德博士的悲剧《Dr. Faustus》-- the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness 对知识、权利、幸福的追求《The Passionate Shepherd to His Love》pastoral(牧人的,田园的) life3.莎士比亚William Shakespeare - above all writers in the past and in the present time四大悲剧Four tragedies - Hamlet, Othello, King Lear & Macbeth十四行诗第18首《Sonnet 18》eternal or immortal beauty《威尼斯商人》《The Merchant of Venice》to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable greed and brutality《哈姆雷特》《Hamlet》hesitate between fact and fiction, language and action, too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger (复仇者) T o be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take action 独白Soliloquy or monologue - fully reveal the inner conflict of the characters4.培根Francis Bacon - brevity, compactness(简洁) & powerfulness, his essays is an important landmark in the development of English prose Inductive method 归纳法in place of deductive method 演绎法《论学习》《Of Studies》uses and benefits of study - studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Studies perfect nature, and are perfected by experience. Different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies - studies and experience are complementary 互补to each other. The correct attitude to reading books - to weigh and consider. How studies exert influence over human character - reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.5.邓恩John Donne玄学诗派metaphysical poetry - break away from love poetry, a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and moods Conceits, syllogism 三段论《日出》《The Sun Rising》the busy sun is always ready to interfere with(干扰) other things and everywhere《致死神》《Death, Be Not Proud》whatever you are, you can not escape from death. When you are living, you are always in the shadow of death. Death only lasts a moment, our life after death is eternal. The more pleasure the death gives people, not only the pleasure of the rest & the sleep, because 'whom thegods love die young'. Though death is usually considered powerful, it actually provides a rest for a man's body and a birth for his soul.6.弥尔顿John Milton《失乐园》《Paradise Lost》the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. The conflict is between human love and spiritual duty. In heaven, Satan led a rebellion against God with his unconquerable will.《复乐园》《Paradise Regained》《力士参孙》《Samson Agonistes》the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English.新古典主义Neoclassicism - a revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion抑制情感& accuracy 怯懦启蒙思想(运动) Enlightenment - a progressive intellectual movement, reason (rationality), equality & science哥特式小说Gothic novel - mystery, horror & castles 神秘、恐怖7.班扬John Bunyan(“浮华集市”) 《The Vanity Fair》from 《天路历程》《The Pilgrim's Progress》, a religious allegory (寓言), pursue the truth8..蒲伯Alexander Pope《论批评》《An Essay on Criticism》a poem written in heroic couplets, criticize the present poem lack of true taste & call on people to turn to the old Greek and Roman writers for guidance(指导), 'true wit' is best set in a plain (simple & clear) style.9. 笛福Daniel Defoe - the first writer study of the lower-class people《罗宾汉》《Robinson Crusoe》, praise the human labor and the Puritan fortitude 清教徒坚韧10.斯威夫待Jonathan Swift - a master satirist讽刺作家. In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently永存的flawed有瑕疵的Proper words in proper places《温和的建议》《A Modest Proposal》《格列佛游记》《Gulliver's Travels》, four parts - Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island & Houyhnhnm11.菲尔丁Henry Fielding –英语小说之父Father of English novel, Prose Homer Comic epic in prose《汤姆·琼斯》《The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling》12.约翰逊Samuel Johnson - first combine an English dictionary, last neoclassicist enlightener《英文字典》《A Dictionary of the English Language》致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信《To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield》13. 谢里丹Richard Brinsley Sheridan - the only important English dramatist of the 18th century《?情敌》《The Rivals》and《造谣学校》《The School for Scandal》are regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.14.格雷Thomas GrayThe Graveyard(墓地) School《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》《Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard》浪漫传奇Romantic - emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of 人文主义精神the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace The romantic period began with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's 《Lyrical Ballads》浪漫主义时期The Romantic Period15.布莱克William Blake -engraver雕刻家《扫烟囱的人》《The Chimney Sweeper》from《天真与经验之歌》《Songs of Innocence》a happy and innocence world from children's eye; 《The Chimney Sweeper》from 《经验之歌》《Songs of Experience》a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repressionwith a melancholy 忧郁的tone from men eyes Childhood, paradoxes, a pairing of opposites; 《泰戈》《The Tyger 》16.华兹华斯William Wordsworth - the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, simple, spontaneous自发的, worshipper of nature' Lake Poets' - William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge & Robert Southey骚赛He defines the poet as a 'man speaking to men', and poetry as 'the spontaneous overflow 洋溢of powerful feelings, which originates in 'emotion recollected沉思默想的in tranquillity安静'.“我孤独地游荡，就象一朵云”《I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud》the poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils 水仙and poet's philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.《威斯敏斯特桥上,1802年9月3日》《Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802》the sonnet describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London, silent, bright, glittering, smokeless & mildly. It is so touching a sight that the poet expressed his religion piety 虔诚for nature.《?绿竹》《She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways》《孤独的割麦女》《The Solitary Reaper》thanks to poet's rich imagination, the mass of associations, this commonplace happening becomes a striking event, the poet succeeds in making the reader's share his emotion. The poem also shows the poet's passionate love of nature.17.柯勒律治Samuel Taylor Coleridge - supernatural, remote Poet can be divided into two groups - the demonic (supernatural) & the conversational(对话的)The demonic group includes 3 masterpieces –《古舟子咏》(又,《老水手之行》)《The Rime of the Ancient Mariner》,《库里斯特白》(克里斯塔贝尔)《Christabel 》,《忽必列汗》《Kubla Khan》18.拜伦George Gordon Byron拜伦式英雄'Byronic hero' is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin贵族血统, against tyrannical残暴的rules or moral principles. Such a hero appears first in《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》《Childe Harold's Pilgrimage》.《Song for the Luddites》'will die fighting, or live free' the Luddites destroyed the machines in their protest against unemployment. The poet's great sympathy of the workers in their struggle against the capitalists is clearly shown.《The Isles of Greece》from《唐璜》《Don Juan》(the masterpiece of Byron, a long satirical poem), song by a Greek singer at the wedding of Don Juan and Haidee. 'Fill high the bowl with Samian wine'?19.雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley致英国人民《Men of England》《西风颂》《Ode to the West Wind》terza rima三行体, destructive-constructive potential, hopeful, 'I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!', 'If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?'20.济慈John Keats4 great odes –忧郁颂《Ode on Melancholy》,希腊古瓮颂《Ode on a Grecian Urn》, 夜莺颂《Ode to a Nightingale》, 倦怠颂《Ode to Psyche》《Ode on a Grecian Urn》the contrast between the permanence永久of art and the transience 短暂of human passion,'Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter', 'Beauty is truth, truth beauty'21.简奥斯汀Jane Austen《傲慢与偏见》《Pride and Prejudice》The Victorian Period达尔文《物种起源》Darwin's 《The Origin of Species》and 《人类起源》《The Descent of Man》shook the traditional faith, everything is created by God功利主义Utilitarianism was widely accepted and practiced Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people维多利亚时期The Victorian Period22.狄更斯Charles Dickens - one of the greatest critical realist writers批判现实主义作家of the Victorian Age维多利亚时代Character-portrayal描写is the most distinguishing feature特点of his works A mingling 混合of humor and pathos 悲伤,惆怅《双城记》《A Tale of Two Cities》《雾都孤儿》《Oliver Twist》23.勃朗蒂姐妹The Bront? Sisters - Charlotte, Emily & Anne Bront?, a rather reserved and simple girl, was very much a child of nature.《简·爱》《Jane Eyre》《呼啸山庄》《Wuthering Heights》24.丁尼生Alfred Tennyson - invents dramatic monologue, Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人, a real artist拍吧, 拍吧, 拍吧《Break, Break, Break》the death of his best friend, his sadness feeling are contrasted with the 无忧无虑carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling 无情的movement of the ship and the sea waves《过沙洲》《Crossing the Bar》we can feel his fearlessness无畏的towards death, his faith in God and an afterlife死后. 'Crossing the bar' means leaving this world and entering 进入the next world阴间”尤利西斯”《Ulysses》not endure忍耐the peaceful commonplace平凡的事everyday life, old as he is, he persuades his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge, dramatic monologue, 'Myself not least, but honour'd of them all' means I am not the least important, but honored by all of them25.布朗宁Robert Browning - the most original poet, who improve and mature the dramatic monologue《指环与书》《The Ring and the Book》his masterpiece我逝去的公爵夫人《My Last Duchess》this dramatic monologue is the duke's speech addressed to the agent who comes to negotiate the marriage, the duke is a self-conceited, cruel and tyrannical man26.乔治·艾略特George Eliot: As a 女性作家woman of exceptional 特有的intelligence and life experience, she shows a particular concern for the destiny of women《米尔德马契》《Middlemarch》a sharp contrast is set between the cold, lifeless, dull house and Dorothea who is full of youthful life and vigor27.哈代Thomas Hardy - both a 自然主义naturalistic and a critical realist writer 地方乡土色彩Local-colored, Wessex, 'novels of character and environment'《德勃家的苔斯》《Tess of the D'Urbervilles》experience is as to intensity剧烈, and not as to duration持续夜里的相会《Meeting at Night》?早上的分别《Parting at Morning》现代主义The Modern Period28.萧伯纳George Bernard Shaw- 1884 join the Fabian Society, strongly against the credo 信条of “art for art’s sake”, vehement ly 激烈condemned the “well made” but cheap,hollow plays. He wrote more than 50 plays. Mission of his drama was to reveal the moral, political and economic truth from a radical reformist point of view.《鳏夫的房产》《Widower’s Houses》《康帝坦》《Candida》《华伦夫人的职业》《Mrs. Warren’s Profession》《恺撒和克里奥佩特拉》《Caesar and Cleopatra》《圣女贞德》《St. Joan》《人与超人》《Man and Superman》《皮格马利翁》《Pygmalion》《回到麦修色拉》《Back to Methuselah》《苹果车》《The Apple Cart》29.高尔斯华绥John Galsworthy- was born into a upper-middle-class上层(富裕的)中产阶级family.《银盒》《The Silver Box》established his prominent novelist and playwright in the public mind.第一个三步曲Trilogy--《福赛特世家》《The Forsyte Saga》:《有家产的人》《The Man of Property》,《进退两难》(骑虎难下)《In Chancery》, 《出租》《T o Let》第二个三步曲second Forsyte trilogy:《现代喜剧》《A Modern Comedy》第三个三步曲《End of the Chapter》30.叶芝William Butler Yeats was born into an Anglo-Irish Protestant family in Dublin. organized the Irish National Dramatic Socirty and opened the Abbey Theatre. a moderate nationalist. build a mystical system of beliefs(history, life followed a circular spiral螺旋pattern consisting of long cycles which repeatd themselves over and over on different levels).象征symbol : “winding stairs旋梯”, “spinning tops陀螺”, “gyres旋转”, “spirals”long poetic career, 3 period《茵尼斯弗利岛》《The Lake Isle of Innisfree》《梦见仙境的人》《The Man Who Dreamed of Fneryland》《丽达及天鹅》《Leda and The Swan》《在学童们中间》《Down By The Sally Gardens》31. T. S.艾略特T. S. Eliot《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》《The Love Song of J.Alfred》《荒原》《The Waste Land》《灰星期三》《Ash Wednesday》《四个四重奏》《Four Quartets》32.劳伦斯D. H. Lawrence《儿子和情人》《Sons and Lovers》《虹》《The Rainbow》《恋爱中的女人》《Woman in Love》33.乔伊斯James Joyce《都柏林人》《Dubliners》《青年艺术家的肖像》《The Portrait of The Artist As a Young Man》《尤利西斯》《Ulysses》■ 美国部分Started with Washington Irving's 《The Sketch Book》and ended with Whitman's 《Leaves of Grass》, alsocalled 'the American Renaissance'Free expression of emotion, escapes from society, and return to natureNew England Transcendentalism 先验主义/超验主义1.欧文Washington Irving - father of the American short stories, the American Goldsmith Perfected the best classic style that American literature ever producedFirst novel 《A History of New York》《The Sketch Book》contains German folk tales 《Rip Van 》, 《The Legend of Sleepy Hollow》2.爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson - the spokesman of New England Transcendentalism movement《The American Scholar》, 《Self - Reliance》, 《The Over-Soul》《The Poet》a reflection upon the aesthetic problems in terms of the present state of literature in America《Experience》a discussion about the conflict betweenidealism and ordinarylifeAmerican Puritanism, European Romanticism, intuitive knowledge, over-soul, individual, nature《Nature》is regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism3.霍桑Nathaniel HawthorneInterior of the heart, there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life, but circumstances may rouse it to activity《The Scarlet Letter》《Young Goodman Brown》4.惠特曼Walt WhitmanOpenness, freedom, individualismI - me, my nation (society), Free verse, Envelope structure, Catalogue (Listing)A new ideal, a new world, a new life-style《There Was a Child Went Forth》how a child is greatly influenced by his growing environments《Cavalry Crossing a Ford》a scene of the American Civil War, all the movements described in this picture are frozen.《Song of Myself》Whitman is a man bubbling with energy and laden with ideas, spontaneous expression of his original ideas5.麦尔维尔Herman Melville - a master of allegory and symbolism, like Hawthorne 《Moby-Dick》the first American prose epic, Ishmael both as a character and a narrator, the captain, Ahab is a monomaniacRealistic period - the Gilded Age, the poor poorer and the rich richer, people's attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existenceLocal colorism, social Darwinism, bestiality, beyon man's control6.马克·土温Mark Twain - the true father of American literatureLocal colorist, vernacular, simple sentence, 'the damned human race' The Gilded Age3 boyhood books 《Life on the Mississippi》, 《The Adventures of Tom Sawyer》, 《Adventures of Huckleberry Finn》《Adventures of Huckleberry Finn》Huck's inner conflict about whether or not he should write a letter to tell Miss Watson where Jim is.7.亨利詹姆斯Henry James - international theme, psychological realistStream of consciousness, interior monologue, free association《Daisy Miller》the narrator is an American expatriate, named Winterbourne. Daisy is the most innocent girl. The clash is between two different cultures.8.迪金森Emily DickinsonBased on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys《This is my letter to the World》express Dickinson's anxiety about her communicationwith the outside world.《I heard a Fly buzz - when I died - 》description of a moment of death《I like to see it lap the Miles》Dickinson makes the train part of nature by animalizing it, like a horse.《Because I could not stop for Death - 》personify death and immortality so as to make her message strongly felt9.西奥多·德莱塞Theodore Dreiser - America's literary naturalists Case history including everything Determinism (heredity biological & environment), survival of the fittest, thejungle law Trilogy of Desire - 《The Financier》, 《The Titan》, 《The Stoic》《Sister Carrie》'who shall cast the first stone?' The modern period - the second American Renaissance, the expatriate movement, the Lost Generation, a transformation from order to disorderSeize the day, enjoy the present, spiritual wasteland, collective unconscious, psychoanalysisImagist movement, Jazz Age10.庞德Ezra Pound - a leading spokesman of the 'Imagist Movement'《The Cantos》《In a Station of the Metro》Pound attempts to produce the emotion he felt when he walked down into a Paris subway station and suddenly saw a number of faces in the dim light. T o capture the emotions, Pound uses the image of petals on wet, black boughs. 《The River - Merchant's Wife: A Letter》《A Pact》agreement with Whitman's free verse11.弗洛斯特Robert Lee Frost - four times awarded Pulitzer Prize, pastoral life and scene 《After Apple-Picking》《The Road Not Taken》《Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening》12.尤金·奥尼尔Eugene O'Neill - founder of the American drama, won the Pulitzer Prize four times毛猿《The Hairy Ape》13.司哥特·费兹杰拉德F. Scott Fitzgerald - spokesman of the Jazz Age, Dollar Decade, 1920sA double vision of the Jazz Age, both an insider and an outsiderAmerican Dream了不起的盖茨比《The Great Gatsby》14.海明威Ernest Hemingway - awarded the Nobel PrizeIceberg style, Code hero, the lost generation, grace under pressure《Indian Camp》from 《In Our Time》birth and death coexist15.福克纳·William Faulkner - awarded a Nobel PrizeSouth, imprisonment in the pastStream of consciousness, multiple points of viewYoknapatawpha Country《A Rose for Emily》Emily is regarded as the symbol of tradition and the old way of life. Thus her death is like the falling of a monument.。

英美文学赏析英美文学是世界文学史上的重要组成部分，涵盖了广泛的文学流派和作品。

以下是一些英美文学中的经典作品和赏析：威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）：莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧家之一。

他的作品涵盖了悲剧、喜剧和历史剧等多种类型。

莎士比亚的作品深入探讨了人性、权力和爱情等主题，如《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《麦克白》等。

简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）：奥斯汀是19世纪英国小说家，她的作品以社交风尚和婚姻为主题，揭示了当时贵族阶层的生活和价值观。

奥斯汀的作品充满了幽默和洞察力，其中最著名的作品包括《傲慢与偏见》和《爱玛》。

查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）：狄更斯是维多利亚时代最重要的小说家之一，他的作品描绘了工业化时代的社会问题和人性的复杂性。

狄更斯的作品充满了丰富的人物描写和社会讽刺，如《雾都孤儿》和《双城记》。

威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner）：福克纳是美国南方文学的代表作家，他的作品以南方的历史、种族和家庭问题为背景。

福克纳的作品以其复杂的叙事结构和意识流的运用而闻名，如《喧哗与骚动》和《押沙龙，押沙龙！》。

弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德（F. Scott Fitzgerald）：菲茨杰拉德是20世纪美国文学的重要代表之一，他的作品描绘了上流社会的虚荣和堕落。

他最著名的作品是《了不起的盖茨比》，这部小说深入探索了美国梦的破灭和社会阶层的固化。

以上只是英美文学中的一小部分经典作品，每位作家的作品都值得深入探索和赏析。

通过阅读和研究这些作品，我们可以更好地理解和欣赏英美文学的丰富性和影响力。

英美文学经典作品赏析与研究英美文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，涵盖了从古代到现代的众多经典作品。

这些作品不仅是文学史上的瑰宝，更是人类思想和情感的宝库。

本文将就几部英美文学经典作品展开赏析与研究，探讨它们的内涵和艺术魅力。

一、《傲慢与偏见》《傲慢与偏见》是英国作家简·奥斯汀的代表作之一。

小说以19世纪英国上层社会为背景，讲述了伊丽莎白·班内特与达西先生之间的爱情故事。

通过对人性的深刻揭示，奥斯汀展示了社会等级观念和个人偏见的毒害力量。

小说中的主人公伊丽莎白·班内特是一个聪明、独立的女性形象。

她对追求地位和财富的人持有批判的态度，坚持追求真爱和内心的满足。

而达西先生则是一个傲慢自大的绅士，但在与伊丽莎白的相处中逐渐认识到自己的错误，并最终改变了对她的看法。

通过这对主角的塑造，奥斯汀揭示了人们对他人的偏见和误解是可以被改变的，同时也表达了对真爱和内心追求的重视。

《傲慢与偏见》的艺术魅力在于奥斯汀对社会风气的细腻描绘和对人物性格的深入刻画。

她通过对话和行为的描写，展示了人们的虚伪、傲慢和偏见。

小说中的幽默和讽刺手法也使得作品更加生动有趣。

同时，奥斯汀对女性地位和婚姻制度的批判也为后来的女权主义文学奠定了基础。

二、《百年孤独》《百年孤独》是哥伦比亚作家加夫列尔·加西亚·马尔克斯的代表作。

这部小说以布恩迪亚家族为中心，讲述了他们在马奇亚多的一个小村庄中的七代人的故事。

小说通过超现实主义的手法，展现了时间的循环、命运的无常和人性的复杂。

小说中的布恩迪亚家族经历了无数的悲剧和荣耀。

他们的命运似乎被注定要经历一系列的重复和循环，而无法逃脱。

马尔克斯通过对家族成员的描写，反映了人类的孤独和渺小感，同时也表达了对命运和历史的思考。

《百年孤独》的艺术魅力在于马尔克斯对语言和形式的创新。

他运用了超现实主义的手法，将奇幻和现实融合在一起，创造出一个独特的文学世界。

小说中的细节描写和丰富的象征意义也使得作品具有了深度和厚度。

尔维尔 1819-1891
Redburn 雷得本;White Jacket 白外衣; Pierre 皮尔埃;Piazza 广场故事;Billy Budd 比
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美国文学
1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; The Way to
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The Alhambra 阿尔罕伯拉 Bracebridge Hall 布雷斯布里奇田庄；History of NewYork
纽约外史 Rip Van Winkle 瑞普·凡·温克尔 The Sketch Book 见闻札记
Tales of Travelers旅客谈 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷传说-----使之
梦 Death 红色死亡的化装舞会 The Raven 乌鸦; The City in the Sea 海城 To
弃 Hellen 致海伦
Poems诗集：Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and
放 Minor Poems艾尔·阿拉夫，帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:;

英美文学的经典名著赏析英美文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，其经典名著印象深刻，影响深远。

这些名著涵盖了各种文学题材和风格，取材广泛，情节丰富，塑造了许多经典形象，反映出了不同时代的社会和文化面貌。

本文将对英美文学的几部经典名著进行欣赏和解析。

《傲慢与偏见》简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》是英国文学的瑰宝之一，被誉为最伟大的小说之一。

小说的主角是一个头脑灵活、机智幽默的女主角伊丽莎白·班纳特，通过她与达西先生的恋爱故事，描绘了英国上流社会的风气、习俗和价值观。

小说整体而言，描绘了一段富于变化的人情世故和情感冒险。

作者通过文字灵巧，对生活和人性有深刻的洞察，同时揭示了19世纪英国上流社会的各种弊端和偏见。

在小说末尾，所有的冲突都得到解决，迎来了一个幸福美满的结局。

《了不起的盖茨比》《了不起的盖茨比》是美国文学的代表作，作者为弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德。

小说的主题是美国梦和爱情，描绘了20世纪20年代美国经济繁荣和人们所面临的道德混乱。

小说的故事发生在20世纪20年代的美国。

主人公盖茨比是一个富有的商人，他爱上了一个名叫黛西的女人。

为了重新得到她的心，他开始沉迷于一系列疯狂的聚会和放荡的生活，最终以悲剧收场。

小说通过对爱情和道德的思考，阐述了美国社会在经济发展的同时所遭受的文化和道德的挣扎。

同时，小说对人物形象和环境描写也有极高的艺术价值。

《了不起的盖茨比》向人们展示了一个充满矛盾和冲突的时代。

《百年孤独》《百年孤独》是哥伦比亚文学家加西亚·马尔克斯的代表作品。

以哥伦比亚的马孔多镇为背景，小说反映了拉丁美洲的历史和文化。

小说的故事贯穿了百年时间，讲述了布恩迪亚家族的兴衰和命运，集中展现了该地区彼此交错的历史与文化趋势。

作者以幽默、夸张、超现实的手法，勾勒出了神秘的信仰、优美的爱情、荒唐的命运以及糟糕的历史。

《百年孤独》堪称文学史上的经典之作，它打破了传统文学的束缚，用全新的视角展示了哥伦比亚的多元风格和东海岸上的戏剧般的传奇。

英美著名文学家及其作品简介一、英国文学名家名著威廉•莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。

主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。

此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）也都很受欢迎。

《哈姆雷特》里“to be or not to be, that is the question”的成为经典台词。

雪莱（Shelley ，1792一 1822）是英国浪漫主义的重要诗人。

他的主要作品有《麦布女王》(Queen Mab)、《致英国人民之歌》(Song to the Men of England)、《解放了的普罗米修斯》(Prometheus Unbound)和《西风颂》(Ode to the West Wind)等。

《西风颂》里的名句“冬天来了，春天还会远吗？”（If Winters comes,can spring be far behind）成为妇幼皆知的诗文。

笛福（Daniel Defoe,1661-1731）是英国小说之父。

59岁时发表的成名小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe）简•奥斯丁（Jane Austen ，1775一1817）,英国现实主义小说家。

主要作品有《理智和情感》(Sense and Sensibility)、《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice)、夏洛蒂、爱米丽和安妮姐妹（Charlotte, Emily and Anne）夏洛蒂38岁才结婚，次年去世。