(新)高考英语二轮复习专题一语法知识第一讲动词与动词短语
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2022届高考英语二轮复习:动词及动词短语1.不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语。
如:happen,come,go,run,work①Horses run fast.马跑得快。
②They work in a factory.他们在一家工厂工作。
2.及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整,如:love,need,ask,want,have三种句型中:1)动词+宾语;2)动词+宾语+宾补;(1)常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有:keep,make,find等。
We must keep our classroom clean.(2)常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有:call,name,make,think等。
We call them mooncakes.(3)常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:see,watch,hear,find,keep等。
In the country, we can hear birds singing.(4)常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有:keep,find,leave等。
I left my pen on my desk at home.(5)常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,tell,want,teach,wish等;接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see,watch,hear,make,let,have等。
I often see him play football.She often asks me to help her.注:help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。
I often help my mother(to) do some housework.3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语1)双宾语(1)有些双宾语动词间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)后时,间接宾语前要加to。
常用的此类词有bring,give,hand,pass,pay,post,return,sell,show,teach,tell,throw,lend 等。
动词及动词短语知识点一高考常考的几组动词词义辨析1.injure,hurt,wound,destroyI didn't want to hurt his feelings.我不想伤害他的感情。
He was wounded in the battle.他在战斗中负过伤。
2.beat,hit,strike,defeat,winOur team beat the American team by eight.我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。
She hit him out of anger.她生气地打了他一下。
The tower was struck by lightning.该塔被闪电击中了。
He defeated all the other participants and won the prize. 他击败了其他参赛者,获了奖。
3.adopt,attach,adapt,adjustThis kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at all.这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整,而且一点也不贵。
Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.为了保持平衡,中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。
Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.父母亲都非常重视教育。
题一语法知识第一讲动词与动词短语考点1 熟词生义现象1.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________ your year ahead.(2017·江苏,30) A.shape B.switchC.stretch D.sharpen答案 A解析句意为:到了年底,快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败,这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。
shape影响(某事物的发展),符合语境。
switch转换,转变;stretch变大,拉长;sharpen使变锋利,使增强。
2.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather than ________ us.(2016·浙江,8) A.divide B.rejectC.control D.abandon答案 A解析句意为:当我们学会求同存异,而非对立分歧时,我们会收获颇多。
divide分开,使产生分歧;reject拒绝;control控制;abandon放弃,抛弃。
根据句意可知选A。
3.Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today.It has really ________ the test of time.(2014·安徽,34) A.failed B.stoodC.taken D.conducted答案 B解析考查动词辨析。
句意为:莎士比亚的作品现在依然流行,它真的已经经受住了时间的考验。
由句意可知选B。
考点归纳熟词生义现象在高考中屡屡出现,有时会给考生带来不小的困难。
应对的措施是在日常的学习备考中对常见的词汇除了掌握其基本意义外,对其不太常用的义项也要作适当的了解;其次要对一些具有“熟词生义”的词汇作强化记忆处理,以便在应考时做到胸有成竹。
专题01 动词和动词短语(一)1. What a clear day today!Yes. The air______ fresh after the rain. We can go out for a walk.A. TastesB. smellsC. looksD. sounds【答案】B【解析】空气清新,是靠“闻”出来的。
考核点是“air”。
2. The clothes made from Chinese cotton not only ______ fortable, but also are cheap and fine.A. feelB. tasteC. smellD. sound【答案】A【解析】来自中国棉造的衣服“感觉”起来“舒适”。
3. Mr.White always takes the left food away after he______ a meal in a restaurant.It’s really a good habit. But i think we should just order what we need.A. finishesB. cooksC. buysD. makes【答案】A【解析】从语境可知,怀特先生把“吃过”的剩余食物从饭店带走。
4. I decide to ______ Jenney’s advice to join the English Corner to practice my spoken English.A. copyB. reportC.supportD. accept【答案】D【解析】我参加英语角是因为“决定接受”珍妮的建议了。
5. The storm was over. The sun as well as the rainbow______from the clouds.A. came downB. came inC. came outD. came into【答案】C【解析】暴风雨后,太阳和彩虹从云中“出来了”。
题一语法知识第一讲动词与动词短语考点1 熟词生义现象1.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________ your year ahead.(2017·江苏,30) A.shape B.switchC.stretch D.sharpen答案 A解析句意为:到了年底,快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败,这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。
shape影响(某事物的发展),符合语境。
switch转换,转变;stretch变大,拉长;sharpen使变锋利,使增强。
2.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather than ________ us.(2016·浙江,8) A.divide B.rejectC.control D.abandon答案 A解析句意为:当我们学会求同存异,而非对立分歧时,我们会收获颇多。
divide分开,使产生分歧;reject拒绝;control控制;abandon放弃,抛弃。
根据句意可知选A。
3.Shakespeare’s writing is still popular today.It has really ________ the test of time.(2014·安徽,34) A.failed B.stoodC.taken D.conducted答案 B解析考查动词辨析。
句意为:莎士比亚的作品现在依然流行,它真的已经经受住了时间的考验。
由句意可知选B。
考点归纳熟词生义现象在高考中屡屡出现,有时会给考生带来不小的困难。
应对的措施是在日常的学习备考中对常见的词汇除了掌握其基本意义外,对其不太常用的义项也要作适当的了解;其次要对一些具有“熟词生义”的词汇作强化记忆处理,以便在应考时做到胸有成竹。
如下列单词的“熟词生义”:ache渴望;address在……上写地址,演说;alone只有;appreciate意识到;blue忧伤的;count有价值;cover够……用;develop逐渐形成;draw推断出;date约会;escape被忘掉;fail使失望,衰竭;foreign不熟悉的;fresh无经验的;ground理由;invite招致;late已故的;might力量;observe遵守,庆祝;push督促;promise预示;part分手,放弃;read写着;relate讲述;say假设;subject易遭受……的;walk遛等。
考点2 关注形近词和形近短语1.Working with the medical team in Africa has________ the best in her as a doctor.(2017·江苏,25) A.held out B.brought outC.picked out D.given out答案 B解析句意为:在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。
hold out 伸出,坚持;bring out使显现,使表现出;pick out挑选出,辨认出;give out分发,发出。
2.Tom had to ________ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.(2015·天津,10) A.turn in B.turn downC.turn over D.turn to答案 B解析句意为:因为太忙,上周末汤姆不得不拒绝了聚会的邀请。
turn down拒绝,符合语境。
turn in上交;turn over (使)翻转,调转;turn to (使)转向,求助于。
3.Body language can ________ a lot about your mood,so standing with your arms foldedcan send out a signal that you are being defensive.(2015·浙江,7)A.take away B.throw awayC.put away D.give away答案 D解析句意为:身势语能够清楚地泄露出你的情绪,因此双臂交叉站着则表示你正在防御。
give away泄露,符合语境。
take away拿开,拿走;throw away扔掉;put away收起来,放好,储存。
4.Studies have shown that the right and left ear ________ sound differently.(2015·浙江,5)A.produce B.pronounceC.process D.download答案 C解析句意为:研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。
process加工,处理,符合语境。
produce 生产,制作,创作;pronounce发音;download下载。
5.Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________ the soul of Qu Yuan.(2014·江苏,33) A.remember B.remindC.recover D.recall答案 D解析句意为:传说端午节的起源是为了召回屈原的灵魂。
remember记住;remind提醒;recover康复,使恢复;recall召回。
考点归纳1.对英语中的一些形近词,考生常常混淆其意义,所以在复习的过程中要予以强化记忆,重点突破。
如以字母a开头的词:approach,apply,appeal,appoint,appear,approve;adopt,adapt,adore,adjust;aboard,abroad;absorb,absolute,abuse,abrupt;access,accent,accept,accuse,account;attach,attack,attend,attain,attract等;像动词短语:attain to,attend to,attach to,adapt to,adjust to,apply to,appeal to等。
2.动词短语的考查通常有两种形式:(1)同一个动词+不同的介词或副词,如set短语,get短语,come短语,turn短语,break 短语等;(2)不同的动词+同一个介词或副词,如come up,make up,turn up,bring up等,所以平时要牢记某些固定短语在语境中的用法。
考点3 语境词义辨析1.Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ________,get married,and have kids.(2017·天津,5) A.settle down B.keep offC.get up D.cut in答案 A解析句意为:布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来(settle down),结婚成家,生儿育女。
keep off使避开,不接近;get up起床,站起来;cut in插嘴,打断别人说话。
2.He did not ________ easily,but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016·江苏,25)A.approach B.wrestleC.compromise D.communicate答案 C解析句意为:他不轻易妥协,但他很乐意接受对一项崇高事业的任何建设性的建议。
compromise妥协,符合句意。
3.When their children lived far away from them,these old people felt ________ from the world.(2016·浙江,12) A.carried away B.broken downC.cut off D.brought up答案 C解析句意为:当孩子们住得离他们很远时,这些老人们感觉到与这个世界隔绝了。
carry away带走,夺走;break down抛锚,垮掉;cut off切断,隔离;bring up抚养,提出。
根据句意可知选C。
4.When the time came to make the final decision for a course,I decided to apply for the one that ________ my interest.(2016·浙江,14)A.limited B.reservedC.reflected D.spoiled答案 C解析句意为:当最后决定选一门课程时,我决定申请那门反映我兴趣的课程。
reflect反映,体现,符合语境。
limit限制;reserve预订,保留;spoil毁掉,溺爱。
5.Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she ________ her opinion on the subject.(2016·天津,8)A.gave voice to B.kept an eye onC.turned a deaf ear to D.set foot on答案 A解析句意为:玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默,但最终还是提出了对这一话题的看法。
give voice to表达对……的想法,符合语境。
keep an eye on照看,留意;turn a deaf ear to 对……充耳不闻;set foot on进入,参观。
考点归纳语境词义辨析的关键是要理解句意以及上下文语境。
其次要注意以下两点:一是要注意该动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,是延续性动词还是终止性动词;二是要注意一些特殊的动词,如连系动词等。
这样就能做到有的放矢。
对于动词短语来说,平时一定要注意积累,这样才能在具体的语境中灵活地使用。
方法1 积累与比较高考中很多题型都涉及动词或动词短语的辨析,平时要注意词汇的积累以及某些动词及动词短语横向或纵向的比较。
记忆单词时,关键要记住动词的词义,同时要注意动词的用法。
动词词义辨析已经成为高考必考考点。
如:[典例] Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ________ to their greatest potential.(2015·江苏,22)A.accelerate B.improveC.perform D.develop答案 D分析动词develop具有多种含义,可表示“发展,加强,冲洗(照片),开发”等,应注意积累其在不同语境中的运用。