下载文档原格式
第二讲 A Psalm of Life鉴赏·相关背景·亨利·沃兹渥斯·朗费罗，1807-1882，美国诗人。
《人生礼赞》这首诗写于1838年,很快成为一首极富盛名的诗篇。
此诗长达9节,以四步抑扬格写成。
它是一首训教诗,哲理深刻,作者感叹生活的艰辛,劝勉人们要坚韧不拔,不要气馁,要振作,要奋斗,要有所追求,要有所作为,从而使人生的小舟在经过风暴的洗礼之后抵达理想的彼岸。
《人生礼赞》这首诗自发表以来一直广为传诵,直到2000年还被当年的美国桂冠诗人与他人经广泛调查后选定,编入《美国人喜爱的诗》。
本诗还是第一首被译为汉语的欧美诗歌,最早的译文距今已一百多年,赢得了无数中国读者的心。
"A Psalm of Life" is a poem written by American writer Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and was published in October of 1838. It is a poem of encouragement, telling the reader not to waste life. Longfellow is sure to establish that life is real, and it will end soon. He wrote this poem at a fairly young age, yet he has a deep and accurate insight of life.The content of the poem is not especially unique. The speaker is involved in the first person perspective, where he is directly addressing the reader. The tone is neither positive nor negative, but is strictly honest. The tone remains the same "encouraging" style from beginning to end, and there is no change of tone. The only tension found in the poem is that between life and death - Longfellow writes about how every living thing is affected by both conflicting states of being.The word choice in "A Psalm of Life" was obviously carefully picked. An adjective is never repeated, yet the poem reads perfectly. Each word has its own meaning, and its own unique take on life, and every word adds something important, even vital, to the "life" of the poem. The rhythm also flows flawlessly. The rhythm scheme is an eight syllable line followed by a seven syllable line. The poem does not stray from that simple rhythm once.Imagery is the sole method of expression in the poem. Longfellow paints a word picture in each stanza that allows the reader to see more clearly what he is describing. Metaphors and Symbolism is rampant - in fact, the poem is almost entirely comprised of these things.The form of the poem is very basic. Each stanza is four lines long, making the poem a quatrain, and the rhyme scheme follows the pattern "ABAB, CDCD, EFEF..." etc. for each of the nine stanzas. Each stanza also has a recurrent rhythm pattern: 8 syllables, 7 syllables, 8 syllables, 7 syllables. Analyzing the poem even deeper, you will notice that even the punctuation plays an important role. Exclamation points are used to establish emphasis on a particular line. There is no pattern to the punctuation, which makes it even more beneficial to strengthening the meaning of a phrase. Overall, it is very obvious that "A Psalm of Life" is a well thought out poem.词语注解：Psalm：The Book of Psalms, commonly referred to simply as Psalms, is a book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Bible. Taken together, its 150 poems express virtually the full range of Israel'sreligious faith. 《诗篇》(《圣经·旧约》中的一卷。
《易经》全文及白话翻译第一讲：乾卦乾卦象征天，天的四种本质特征是：元、亨、利、贞。
1、天之阳气是始生万物的本原，称为"元"。
2、天能使万物流布成形，无不亨通，称为"亨"。
3、天能使万物和谐，各得其利，称为"利"4、天能使万物，正固持久地存在，称为"贞"。
总之，天之阳气是万物资生之本，又制约，主宰着整个世界。
天有开创万物并使之亨通，正固的"功德"，元、亨、利、贞被称为乾之"四德"。
《彖》曰：天行健，君子以自强不息。
意译：天的运行刚劲强健，君子因此不停息地发愤图强。
乾卦六爻的爻辞：初九，潜龙勿用。
意译：龙潜在水中，暂时不能发挥作用。
《彖》曰：潜龙勿用，阳在下也。
意译：初期阶段，应暂行潜藏。
乾卦的卦辞以天为象征，六爻的爻辞以龙为象征。
龙是善变之物，能够潜水，行地，飞天，海陆空三栖，取龙为象，可以达到假象喻意，以明变化的目的。
九二，见龙在田，利见大人。
意译：龙出现在田间，有利于大德大才之人出现。
九三，君子终日乾乾，夕惕若，厉无咎。
乾乾：健行不息。
若：语助词。
厉：危险。
意译：君子整天勤奋不息，甚至夜间时时警惕，虽然面临危险也无祸害。
九四，或跃在渊，无咎。
意译：相机而动，跃起上进，无咎害。
九五，飞龙在天，利见大人。
意译：飞龙上天，有利大德大才之人出现。
九五在所有卦里都是最吉之爻，此爻为"君位"。
皇帝通称"九五之尊"，就是这么来的。
乾卦九五，刚健中正，纯粹而精，最为可贵。
上九，亢龙有悔。
意译：龙高飞到了极点，必有过悔。
用九，见群龙无首，吉。
意译：出现一群龙，都不以首领自居，吉祥。
常用占断用语：1、亨：通达，顺利。
2、利：有利，适宜。
3、吝：遗憾，麻烦，艰难。
4、厉：危险。
5、悔：忧虑，困厄。
6、咎：过错。
第二讲坤卦坤：元亨，利牝马之贞，君子有攸往，先迷，后得主，利。
