高考英语阅读解题专项之主旨大意题(十三)含答案

Don’ t give up your whole garden just for an attractive rose.一、主旨大意型特点：主旨大意要求在理解全文后________________ ， ____________ 或者是 _________，考考生的能力。

需要______________，抓住文章的______和 _____，同兼________以及文章出的 ________。

此通常以概括中心、揭示主、等形式出。

找主旨、，我要学文章中 __________________的信息，种信息能和概括文中其它信息所具有的______。

做主旨大意，采用_______的方式，跳生僻，抓住 ________和 _______，快而准地把握文章主旨。

【例 1】 Choose the most general word.A. ChemistB. PhysicistC. ScientistD. Biologist【例 2】 Choose the most general sentence.A. The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 . daily.B.There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn.C. The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board.D.There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting.【例 3】 Choose the title that best expresses the idea of the paragraph.There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demandrepresents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for thosegoods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturersprefer to sell more goods at increased prices.A. Economic PrincipleB. Law of Supply and DemandC. More Goods, Lower PricesD. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices二、主旨大意干形式：1. ________________________ (main idea):(1) The main idea of the passage is⋯(2) The passage is mainly about⋯(3) The passage is mainly discussed⋯(4)Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of thepassage?(5)What is the passage mainly about?2._________________________ (title):(6)The best title for the passage might be⋯(7)Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?三、主句的特点：1.主句与文体体裁之的关系：文和明文一般有主句，且一般位于 ______；而叙文一般没有主句；2.段落主句一般位于 _____________ ；3.主句所表达的意思具有 _______和 ________；句子 ________ , 一般不会采用句或构复的句子；4.文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步________________________ 。

专题十三主旨大意挖命题【考情探究】分析解读从近几年江苏高考英语试题来看,对于主旨大意题的赋值相对稳定,但考查深度、难度却不断加大。

解题时需对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳、推断后方可得出正确答案。

因此,考生需要学会分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的结论句,从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。

过专题【五年高考】A组自主命题·江苏卷题组Passage 1(2016江苏,D)词数:720Not so long ago, most people didn’t know who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become. She was justan average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future. However, one person wanted to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness. Her times werenot exactly impressive, but even so, he sensed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly-Ann a place in his very strict training sessions. Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few years later at Jamaica’s Olympic trials in early 2008, Shelly-Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, be at Jamaica’sunchallenged queen of the sprint(短跑).“Where did she come from?” asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. But Shelly-Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder. At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any doubts abouther ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympicgold. She did it again one year on at the World Championships in Berlin, becoming world champion with a time of 10.73—the fourth fastest time ever.Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaica’s toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Ann’s friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. Sometimes her family didn’t have enough to eat. She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn’t afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Wat erhouse, had to stop after she had her first baby.Maxime’s early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse’s roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.It didn’t take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.But Shelly-Ann’s victory was far greater t han that. The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the world’s toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days. “I have so much fire burning for my country,”Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it aw oman’s as well as a man’s world.As Muhammad Ali puts it, “Champions aren’t made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision.”One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.1. Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann?A.He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.B.He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.C.She had big problems maintaining her performance.D.She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.2.What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?A.She would become a promising star.B.She badly needed to set higher goals.C.Her sprinting career would not last long.D.Her talent for sprinting was known to all.3.What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track?A.Her success and lessons in her career.B.Her interest in Shelly-Ann’s quick profit.C.Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.D.Her early entrance into the sprinting world.4.What can we infer from Shelly-Ann’s statement underlined in Paragraph 5?A.She was highly rewarded for her efforts.B.She was eager to do more for her country.C.She became an athletic star in her country.D.She was the envy of the whole community.5.By mentioning Muhammad Ali’s words, the author intends to tell us that .A.players should be highly inspired by coachesB.great athletes need to concentrate on patienceC.hard work is necessary in one’s achievementsD.motivation allows great athletes to be on the top6.What is the best title for the passage?A.The Making of a Great AthleteB.The Dream for ChampionshipC.The Key to High PerformanceD.The Power of Full Responsibility答案1.B2.C3.C4.B5.D6.APassage 2(2015江苏,B) 词数:391In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,theconcentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurringminerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material,up to 100 times more,than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone,and imagine the mines that producedthose metals,the factories needed to make the box and packaging (包装)it came in. Many wastes produced in theproducing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “ theproduction,distribution,and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribu tion by creating less waste at the start—for instance,buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products,would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why,they ask,should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governments’ point of view,a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.1.By mentioning the Swiss study,the author intends to tell us that.A.the weight of e-goods is rather smallB.e-waste deserves to be made good use ofC.natural minerals contain more precious metalsD.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste2. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended.A.from producers to governmentsB.from governments to producersC.from individuals to distributorsD.from distributors to governments3.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The increase in e-waste.B.The creation of e-waste.C.The seriousness of e-waste.D.The management of e-waste.答案1.B2.B3.DPassage 3(2014江苏,C) 词数:351Most damagingly, anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour.The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.Not everyone experiences anger in the same way;what angers one person may amuse another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture,physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.We no longerregard duels(决斗)as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.Anger can be identified in the brain,where the electrical activity changes.Under most conditions,EEG(脑电图)measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas.Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition(意向)that most of us possess most of the tim e.But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and,as a result ofthis,we’re likely to react.And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions,whether positive or negative.Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour:we move closer to people we like.Most negative emotions,in contrast,are associated with avoidance behaviour:we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious.But anger is an exception to this pattern.The angrier we are,the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger:the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.Thisapproach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry(不对称)of EEGactivity.Interestingly,this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy(同感)towards theindividual who is bringing forth the angry response.In defensive anger,in contrast,the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.1.The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger.ually has a biological basisB.varies among peopleC.is socially and culturally shapedD.influences one’s thinking and evaluation2.What changes can be found in an angry brain?A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.C.Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.D.Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.3.Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?A.Approaching the source of anger.B.Trying to control what is disliked.C.Moving away from what is disliked.D.Feeling helpless in the face of anger.4.What is the key message of the last paragraph?A.How anger differs from other emotions.B.How anger relates to other emotions.C.Behavioural responses to anger.D.Behavioural patterns of anger.答案1.C2.B3.A4.DB组统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组Passage 1(2018课标全国Ⅰ,B) 词数:264Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbuttoffers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day. And the GoodMorning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay ￡5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water,sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can m ake this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Money:Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money:Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of cele bration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.1.What do we know about Susanna Reid?A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning.D.She has had a tight budget for her family.2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for Less答案1.B2.C3.C4.DPassage 2(2018课标全国Ⅱ,D) 词数:312We’ve all been there:in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem?It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂)for social communication, says BernardoCarducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,”he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动)with its waiter;the other, to speak only whennecessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to yourhusband,”says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral(边缘的)members of our social network matter for ourwell-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners,”he says.1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A.Addiction to smartphones.B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C.Absence of communication between strangers.D.Impatience with slow service.2.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A.Showing good manners.B.Relating to other people.C.Focusing on a topic.D.Making business deals.3.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A.It improves family relationships.B.It raises people’s confidence.C.It matters as much as a formal talk.D.It makes people feel good.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Conversation CountsB.Ways of Making Small TalkC.Benefits of Small TalkD.Uncomfortable Silence答案1.C2.B3.D4.CPassage 3(2018课标全国Ⅲ,B) 词数:312Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, forexample, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow fromnothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discoveredthere in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawsonwas covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche(雪崩)once closed the path,killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A.Its business culture.B.Its small population.C.Its geographical position.D.Its favourable climate.2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A.Two-thirds of them stayed there.B.One out of five people got rich.C.Almost everyone gave up.D.Half of them died.3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?A.They found the city too crowded.B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C.They were unable to stand the winter.D.They were short of food.4.What is the text mainly about?A.The rise and fall of a city.B.The gold rush in Canada.C.Journeys into the wilderness.D.Tourism in Dawson.答案1.C2.B3.B4.APassage 4(2018天津,C) 词数:365There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s begin ning to come into focus:food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that—it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to“re-create forms and pieces”of food that are“exactly the same,”freeing cooks to co mplete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.Sustainability(可持续性)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could usehydrocolloids(水解胶体)from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类)and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock“food”that lastsyears on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said,“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently,most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物)before a printer can use them, and the printing process isquite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.1.What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?A.It helps cooks to create new dishes.B.It saves time and effort in cooking.C.It improves the cooking conditions.D.It contributes to restaurant decorations.2.What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3?A.It solves food shortages easily.B.It quickens the transportation of food.C.It needs no space for the storage of food.D.It uses renewable materials as sources of food.3.According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food.A.is more available to consumersB.can meet individual nutritional needsC.is more tasty than food in supermarketsD.can keep all the nutrition in raw materials4.What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?A.The printing process is complicated.B.3D food printers are too expensive.C.Food materials have to be dry.D.Some experts doubt 3D food printing.5.What could be the best title of the passage?A.3D Food Printing:Delicious New TechnologyB.A New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingC.The Challenges for 3D Food ProductionD.3D Food Printing:From Farm to Table答案1.B2.D3.B4.C5.APassage 5(2018浙江,B) 词数:279Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibitedin some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers’ arguments:many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement:reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However,longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑)these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too andwant shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.2.What does the word“headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Plastic, Paper or NeitherB.Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Waste Control答案1.D2.A3.D4.APassage 6(2017课标全国Ⅲ,D) 词数:324The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations.Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their inde pendence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers staysafer behind the wheel.”1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?A.To explore new means of transport.B.To design new types of cars.C.To find out older drivers’ problems.D.To teach people traffic rules.2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A.It keeps them independent.B.It helps them save time.C.It builds up their strength.。

专题十三阅读理解2015～2011年各省市高考题考点一主旨大意与写作意图题Passage 1(2015·新课标全国Ⅱ)话题：房间与身材词数：316Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less self－conscious(难为情)when they're in poorly lit places－and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn't have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it's time to repaint，go blue.Don't forget the clock－or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you're at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12－inch plate instead of a 10－inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And we'll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinnyglass.【语篇导读】这是一篇科普说明文。

考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类A(2021·山东烟台一模)The paper, published in May by the Journal of Marketing Research, analysed purchases made from a single large European retailer and found that free shipping did encourage customers to buy more. But it also increased purchases of items that historically have higher return rates, such as clothing or products from lesser-known brands. Thus, returns also increased as a result of the promotions, to the point where profits were erased.In one part of the paper, during the typically four-week periods when free shipping was offered, online order volumes rose 11%. But when the cost of returns was compared with the sales proceeds(收入), the authors calculated that on balance the results for the promotion periods amounted to an average 0.7% loss.In one analysis that ran for two months, the researchers found that the return rate for customers who bought low-risk products—like office supplies, or products from well-known brands—averaged about 22%.In another analysis, the researchers attempted to better understand motivations of online shoppers by measuring their attitudes towards free shipping. They found two things were happening. First, consumers saw free shipping as compensation for taking a risk on a product. Second, feelings of gratitude for having shipping costs eliminated(消除) made them happy and thus more willing to make a risky purchase.Prof.Neslin advises companies to look at whether their own free-shipping promotions are profitable before they launch such campaigns. Also, he advises companies to identify which products get returned more often than others and try to provide customers with more information about those products, so they can make more informed choices.1.What erased the profits according to the first paragraph?A.The risky customers.B.The European retailer.C.The returned items.D.The lesser-known brands.2.What can we learn from the passage?A.Consumers risked purchasing a product when free shipping came along with it.B.Free shipping encouraged customers to buy products from well-known brands.C.Online order volumes rose only when free shipping was offered as compensation.D.Purchases of office supplies also increased during the typically four-week periods.3.What is the passage mainly about?A.Low-risk products.B.Return rates.C.Increased purchases.D.Free shipping.B(2021·湖北黄冈高三4月模拟)An advance in electronic publishing could make the e-book you are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers hope to explore the growing success of e-books by releasing versions with added soundtracks(电影原声音乐) and musical accompaniments.The noise in the first multimedia books—released in Britain—include the rain hitting a window in a Sherlock Holmes tale. When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension.Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple pleasure of having the imagination stimulated by reading.Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency, said the new generation of computer-literate readers was used to multiple sensory input. She said,“Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that’s what the market wants then we should respond to the market.”Booktrack’s sound effects work by estimating the user’s reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the software reassesses where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to switch on accordingly. If the soundtrack becomes out of sync(同步), a click on any word will reset it.Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading. David Nicholls, author of Our Day, the best-seller now released as a film, said, “This sounds like the opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading an e-book because I’m constantly distracted by emails.”Stuart MacBride sells 18% of his books as electronic downloads. He said,“If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don’t need someone to tell me what teacups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.”4.What do publishers expect an e-book soundtrack to do?A.Help to release an e-book as a film.B.Help readers improve reading speed.C.Add tension at a book’s exciting point.D.Get readers familiar with the background.5.Who is in favour of added soundtracks for e-books?A.Sherlock Holmes.B.Caroline Michel.C.David Nicholls.D.Stuart MacBride.6.What do we know about Stuart MacBride?A.He was a person who was easy to get angry.B.He knew a great deal of tea.C.Eighty-two percent of his books described crime.D.He imagined sounds related to the story when reading.7.What’s the main idea of the passage?A.Opinions about e-books with soundtracks.B.Response to the need of the book market.C.Reasons for traditional e-books becoming outdated.D.Suggestions on encouraging readers’ imagination.C(2021·湖南长郡十五校高三联考)For most people, graduation is an exciting day of the celebration of years of hard work. My graduation day was not.I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to attend the celebration. But just like everyone else in my class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loan was drawing closer.You know that feeling when you wake up in fear? That feeling became a constant in my life. Days felt like weeks, weeks like months. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much I tried, I just couldn’t seem to make any progress.So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智)? I decided to write. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearer—a little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough, sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I put my thoughts into a children’s book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world—just a lot of hard work and perseverance—I was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. I was offered a second book deal. Then, a few months later, I got an interview and was hired shortly.The moral of this story is... don’t give up. Even if things look bleak now, don’t give up. If you work hard, things will always get better. Oftentimes all we need is the courage to overcome difficulties.8.From paragraph 2, we can learn that the author probably .A.was having an exciting graduationB.was getting into financial difficultiesC.missed the life in the universityD.had just applied for the student loan9.How did the author change the frustrating situation?A.By sending applications.B.By offering contracts.C.By keeping writing.D.By publishing books.10.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bleak” in the last paragraph?A.Unattractive.B.Hopeless.C.Thrilling.D.Promising.11.What is the passage mainly about?A.Success belongs to the persevering.B.A contented mind is a permanent feast.C.A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner.D.Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.考点分类练(七)主旨大意题——文章大意类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。

高中英语阅读理解主旨大意与细节理解综合题40题1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The history of a city.B. The culture of a country.C. The development of a technology.D. The importance of an event.答案：D。

本题主要考查对文章主旨的把握。

文章通篇围绕一个特定事件展开，并强调了该事件的重要性，A 选项城市历史、B 选项国家文化、C 选项技术发展并非文章重点。

2. The passage is mainly about _.A. a famous personB. a scientific discoveryC. a popular trendD. an educational system答案：B。

文章着重讲述了一项科学发现及其相关内容，A 著名人物、C 流行趋势、D 教育体系均不符合文章主旨。

3. What is the main topic of the text?A. The benefits of exercise.B. The history of art.C. The environment protection.D. The future of transportation.答案：A。

从文章内容可以看出主要在探讨运动的益处，B 艺术史、C 环境保护、D 交通的未来均不是重点。

4. The main purpose of the passage is to _.A. introduce a new theoryB. explain a phenomenonC. describe a processD. compare two things答案：B。

文章的主要目的是解释一种现象，A 介绍新理论、C 描述过程、D 比较两样东西均不准确。

高考专题十三主旨大意题基础闯关题组Passage 1(2017北京朝阳第一学期期中, A)1.Many people move to Haldersham because.A.it has a good environmentB.it is not far away from big citiesC.they want to be a help to the villageD.they prefer to study rare plants in this area2.According to Hilary Riley, a motorway will.A.cause high house pricesB.bring people stressC.provide a convenient lifeD.affect the quality of life3.What’s the purpose of the letter?A.To give an introduction of Haldersham.B.To show grateful thanks to the politicians.C.To express disapproval about the motorway.D.To offer suggestions on building the motorway.Passage 2(2017北京朝阳第一学期期中, C)Most of us have stayed away from “mad men” in the street, only to realize that they are in fact using a Bluetooth headset.Now a new study of the University of Pennsylvania shows that muttering can actually help people find lost objects—in other words, saying the name of an object helps you find it more quickly.Previous work has suggested that speaking aloud while performing step-by-step tasks, like tying shoelaces (鞋带), can help kids guide their behavior and let them focus on the jobs in hand.However, scientists are not sure if speaking aloud when performing tasks can help adults in the same way, especially when they are looking for particular objects.Professor Gary Lupan and Daniel Swingley, who write for the periodical Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, carried out some experiments.They hoped to give the fact that next time you lose your keys, muttering “keys, keys, keys” can in fact help you find them.Inspired by people muttering to themselves as they try to find things like peanut butter in a supermarket, the researchers conducted two experiments to see if this actually worked.In the first experiment, participants were shown 20 pictures of various objects and were asked to find a certain one, with some seeing a label (标签) telling them what they were looking for.These participants were then asked to search for the object again while saying the word to themselves, with results showing that saying it aloud helped people find the object more quickly.The second experiment asked participants to perform a shopping task, where they were shown the photographs of items (物品) commonly found on supermarket shelves.They were asked to find all examples of a particular item, so if they were asked for apples they had to find all bags of apples as quickly as possible.The researchers found that there was also an advantage if they said the name of the product aloud when searching for something familiar.The University of Pennsylvania’s study shows that muttering can actually help people find the target object—in other words, muttering to yourself helps to focus your mind on something.It works more effectively than seeing a written description.Repeating the word over and over again helps even more.1.The second paragraph tells us that.A.muttering helps people to control their behaviorB.muttering has the same effect on both kids and adultsC.it is really hard to carry out the experiments on adultsD.it is easier for kids to do step-by-step tasks by muttering2.According to the passage, muttering can help people because.A.it completely controls people’s mindB.it directly explains people’s behaviorC.it makes people concentrate more on their jobs in handD.it makes people reduce their pressure from their mind3.The two experiments mentioned in the passage show that.A.participants were better at doing the shopping taskB.it took the participants the same time to find the objectsC.showing the pictures of the items helped participants find them more quicklyD.participants saying the word aloud found the object more quickly4.What is the best title of the passage?A.Effects of MutteringB.How to Find Lost ObjectsC.How to Mutter to YourselfD.Methods of Remembering ObjectsPassage 3Wang Weiguo,an award-winning actor of the National Theatre Company of China,was wandering through Beijing’s Panjiayuan Flea Market when he found a treasure,20 exquisite(精致的)picture frames.He bought them all.Inside the frames was a woman’s life story.There were pictures of her as a baby and a growing child and pictures with her parents.Wang Weiguo was sure someone had lost them.He contacted the police and media.He showed them to friends and to people living outside China.No one recognized the people in the photographs.That was 1999.Wang never gave up the search.In 2010 he told the story to a TV host,Zhang Zequn,who suggested he contact China Radio International.Within three months of the story’s being posted on CRI,someone recognized Julie Ege in one of the photographs.The wonderful Norwegian actress and model was the mother of the child whose growing years the photos traced.The child was Joanna Syson.She moved to Beijing in the 1990s to study Chinese.In 1999 she returned to Norway for six months,entrusting(委托)all her belongings,including the photographs,to a friend.When she returned,the friend was gone.So were her belongings.She was heartbroken.More than a decade passed.Then,thanks to the story posted on CRI and to a visitor to the website,the trail(踪迹)finally led to Joanna Syson.She traveled to Beijing to meet Wang Weiguo,who had searched for her for 12 years,and to recover her treasured photographs.Syson’s Norwegian home was burned a few years ago.All of her family photographs were lost.Now at least,she has the photographs found by a good man that never stopped trying to return them to her.1.Why do you think Wang Weiguo bought the picture frames?A.Because he intended to add them to his collection of treasure.B.Because he wanted to make a profit out of them.C.Because he wanted to return them to the owner.D.Because they were specially made and exquisite.2.Which of the following can best describe Wang Weiguo?A.Enthusiastic and open-minded.B.Easy-going and confident.C.Kind and full of determination.D.Sensitive and stubborn.3.Which of the following statements about Wang Weiguo is possibly true?A.He made every effort to find the owner.B.He spent little time figuring out the background of the owner.C.His friends were all willing to help him find the owner.D.One of his friends worked for China Radio International.4.What is the best title of the text?A.Flea market treasure finds its way homeB.Precious treasure spotted in a flea marketC.A warm-hearted and honest Chinese actorD.Where there is a will there is a wayPassage 4It was an exciting day when Thomas Finger looked inside the nose of a small black mouse.Finger had borrowed the animal from another scientist.It was not your average mouse.The mouse’s genes had been changed so that the taste buds(味蕾)on its tongue turned green when you shined light on them—like a secret message written in secret ink.But no one had ever looked inside its nose.When Finger finally did look there with a microscope,he saw thousands of green cells.“It was like looking at little green stars at night,”says Finger.Se eing that green starry sky was Finger’s first glimpse of a new world.If he and other scientists are right,we don’t taste things just on our tongues.Other parts of our body can also taste things—our noses,our stomach,even our lungs!You might think of taste as something that you experience when you put chocolate in your mouth—or chicken soup,or salt.But for you to taste chocolate or chicken soup,special cells on your tongue have to tell the brain that they detected chemicals that are in the food.We have at least five kinds of these chemical-detecting cells(commonly called taste cells)on our tongues:cells that detect salt,sweet compounds(混合物),sour things,bitter things and savory(香的)things like meat or broth.It’s these chemical-sensing cells that scientists ar e now finding all over the body.“I’ll bet you that in terms of total number of cells,”says Finger,“there are more taste cells outside the mouth than inside the mouth.”This gives us clues to other functions the sense of taste has in our bodies.It could also help scientists find new treatments for certain diseases.1.In which way is Finger’s mouse different from a common one?A.Its nose has chemical-detecting cells.B.Its tongue can change color.C.Its tongue has more taste cells.D.Its nose is green.2.What Finger saw inside the mouse’s nose is.A.a kind of cell-detecting saltB.a kind of gene like a starC.a surprising findingD.a secret message3.From the passage,we may conclude that Finger’s finding.A.helps find more functions of the sense of tasteB.helps find more functions of the tongueC.will cause quarrels among scientistsD.will prevent some diseases4.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Green stars in a mouse’s mouthB.Taste cellsC.New chemical-sensing cellsD.Full-body tastePassage 5The United Nations is warning that the world is not prepared to deal with the fast growth of cities.The World Economic and Social Survey 2013 calls for new ways to meet the needs of city populations.More than 6.5 billion people are expected to be living in cities by 2050.Most new city dwellers will be in developing countries.The United Nations says the effect on limited resources in many countries will be huge.The World Economic and Social Survey points to the increasing demand forenergy,water,sanitation,public services,education and health care.The world population is expected to rise to more than nine billion by 2050 and,two thirds of all people are expected to live in cities.The United Nations says about 80 percent of this growing urban population will be found in Africa and Asia.The report says sustainable development(可持续发展)of urban areas requires coordination and investments to deal with important issues,which include land use,food security,job creation and transportation.Willem Van Der Geest,who is with the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs,says cities need to work closely with rural communities so that food supplies can be secured,and the environment can be protected.“We need enough integration(整合,融合)with cities...An integration between the rural and urban economies is absolutely vital for issues of nutrition,food security,and environmental sustainability.”The report says development in a sustainable way is important to end poverty.The report also examines the problem of food insecurity,which affects hundreds of millions of people around the world.One in eight people still severely lack nutrition.UN officials say some things are clear.The Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Development,Shamshad Akhtar,says world food production will have to increase by 70%,which increase will be needed to feed the additional 2.3 billion people expected on the planet by the middle of the century.She says an important part of meeting that need is to waste less food.“There has to be efforts to reduce food wastage.”Food and nutrition security are core elements of the sustainable development agenda.1.The survey includes the following statements except that.A.varieties of demands are hard to meet because of the increasing population in Africa and AsiaB.one way to put an end to poverty is to be able to develop for a long timeC.transportation is an important issue to deal with when it comes to sustainable development of urban areasD.hundreds of millions of people around the world are affected by the problem of food insecurity2.From the passage we can infer that .A.cities grow so fast that the world can’t find out new ways to deal with the growing populationB.the growing city dwellers who mainly come from the developing countries greatly challenge limited resources in the worldC.sustainable development of urban areas requires coordination and investments to deal with important issuesD.food wastage is an effective way to feed the additional 2.3 billion people by the middle of the century3.What is the best title of the passage?A.The World Economic and Social Survey 2013B.City Population Will Increase to 9 BillionC.Cities Need to Cooperate with Rural AreasD.The World Is Not Prepared to Deal with the Fast Growth of Cities4.The passage is chosen from.A.a textbookB.a travel guideC.a novelD.a newspaperPassage 6Employees are being flooded with too much information that has little to do with their work,according to a new survey.On average,white-collar workers spend 51 percent of their work time receiving and processing information.Only one third of it was relevant to their work,the survey rmation overload for white-collar workers has become a global issue.The huge amount of information has already affected their efficiency in management as well as their performance at work.Buried with e-mailsEvery morning,a secretary at the human resources department of an auto parts company opens her e-mail box,only to find it crammed with at least 50 unread mails.For her,even scanning through these e-mails every day takes at least half an hour.Some of her colleagues are not so lucky—they have to read at least 100.Bothered with callsTelephone calls are also causing a problem.More than 40 percent white-collar workers choose mobile phones as the preferred way to communicate important and urgent business matters.Talking saves time and energy over the clicking,reading and replying to e-mails,but phone calls are also more distracting(分心的).While answering a call,a clerk is likely to put away a much more important task at hand and start the business being talked about on the phone.Solution?Not yetMany companies start with providing staff with better computers,better Internet access and more advanced gadgets(小装置).For example,staff members above a certain level in one company will be provided with a blackberry phone for easier access to their e-mails.The company has also organized many lectures on efficient ways of e-mail management.Yet most white-collar workers think their companies can do more.1.What does the new survey find about white-collar workers?A.They spend 51 percent of their work time on meetings.B.Only half of the information they receive is useful.C.Over 60 percent of them prefer to use the telephone.D.Some of them have to read at least 100 e-mails every day.2.Telephone calls cause a problem because.A.they take up the time to receive and send e-mailsB.they are often not answeredC.they are mostly not about businessD.they may lead to change of work schedule3.How do some companies try to solve the problem of information overload?A.They start to give staff a pay rise.B.They plan to employ more people.C.They provide employees with more advanced equipment.D.They organize lectures on how to reduce stress.4.What is the major issue discussed in this text?A.Poor management leads to inefficiency at work.B.Junk mail is causing big trouble.C.White-collar workers suffer from information overload.D.Better computers are in need in workplaces.Passage 7Speed-reading is a necessary skill in the Internet age.We skim over articles, e-mails and WeChat to try to grasp key words and the essential meaning of a certain text.Surrounded with information from our electronic devices, it would be impossible to cope if we read word by word, line by line.But a new trend calls on people to enjoy reading slowly, listing benefits beyond the intelligent stimulation.A recent story from The Wall Street Journal reported on a book club in Wellington, New Zealand, where members meet in a cafe and turn off their smartphones.They sink into cozy chairs and read in silence for an hour.Unlike traditional book clubs, the point of the slow reading club isn’t exchanging ideas about a certain book, but to get away from electronic devices and read in a quiet, relaxed environment.According to the Journal, the Wellington book club is just one example of a movement started by book lovers who miss the old-fashioned way of reading before the Internet and smartphones.Slow readers, such as The Atlantic’s Maura Kelly, say a regular reading habit sharpens the mind, improves concentration, reduces stress levels and deepens the ability to sympathize.Another study published last year in Science showed that reading novels helps people understand others’ mental states and beliefs, a fundamental skill in building relationships.Yet technology has made us less attentive readers.Screens have changed our reading patterns from the straight, left-to-right sequence to a wild skimming and skipping pattern as we hunt for important words and information.Reading text punctuated with links leads to weaker comprehension than reading plain text.The Internet may have made us stupider, says Patrick Kingsley from The Guardian.Because of the Internet, he says, we have become very good at collecting a wide range of interesting news, but we are also gradually forgetting how to sit back, reflect, and relate all these facts to each other.Slow reading means a return to an uninterrupted, straight pattern, in a quiet environment free of distractions.Aim for 30 minutes a day, advises Kelly from The Atlantic.“You can squeeze in that half-hour pretty easily if only during your free moment s, you pick up a meaningful work of literature,” Kelly said.“Reach for your e-reader, if youlike.Kindles make books like War and Peace less heavy, not less substantive, and also ensure you’ll never lose your place.”1.The book club in Wellington mentioned in Paragraph 2 shows.A.the new trend of slow readingB.the decline of electronic devicesC.the importance of exchanging ideasD.the increasing number of club readers2.According to Patrick Kingsley, people are stupider partly because of.A.a non-stop reading patternB.the straight, left-to-right screenC.a wide range of tidbitsD.the lack of reflection3.According to the passage, slow reading.A.contributes to understanding among peopleB.promotes the current technology advancesC.provides people with a quiet environmentD.cures the memory loss of elderly people4.What is the best title for the passage?A.Benefit of Reading Clubs.B.Return of Slow Reading.C.Reading of the Internet Age.D.Influence of Speed Reading.Passage 8One day, a college student was taking a walk with a professor.As they went along, they saw a pair of old shoes lying in the path.They supposed the shoes belonged to a poor man who was employed in a field close by, and who had nearl y finished his day’s work.The student turned to the professor, saying, “Let us play the man a trick:we will hide his shoes, and hide ourselves behind those bushes, and wait to see his confusion when he cannot find them.”“My young friend,” answered the professor, “we should never amuse ourselves at the expense of the poor.But you are rich, and it may give yourself a much greater pleasure by tricking on the poor man.Put a coin into each shoe, and then we will hide ourselves and watch how the discovery affec ts him.”The student did so, and they both placed themselves behind the bushes close by.The poor man soon finished his work, and came across the field to the path where he had left his coat and shoes.While putting on his coat he slipped his foot into one of his shoes, but feeling something hard, he bent down to feel what it was, and found thecoin.Astonishment and wonder were seen on his face.He fixed his eyes on the coin, turned it round, and looked at it again and again.He then looked around him on all sides, but no person was to be seen.He now put the money into his pocket, and continued to put on the other shoe, but his surprise was doubled on finding the other coin.His feelings overcame him.He fell upon his knees, looked up to heaven and cried a sincere thanksgiving, in which he spoke of his wife, sick and helpless, and his children without bread, whom the timely help, from some unknown hands, would save from dying.The student stood there, deeply affected, and his eyes filled with tears.“Now,” said the professor, “are you not much better pleased than if you had played your intended trick?”The youth replied, “You have taught me a lesson which I will never forget.”1.The student wanted to play the poor man a trick to.A.find the truthB.show his wisdomC.amuse himselfD.teach him a lesson2.After finding the two coins, the man felt.A.helplessB.interestedC.peacefulD.thankful3.We can know from the passage that the professor is.A.wiseB.richC.humorousD.serious4.What does the story intend to tell us?A.A small act of kindness brings great joy.B.God helps those who help themselves.C.Where there is a will, there is a way.D.Actions speak louder than words.Passage 91.Which of the following will be on 9th April?A.Walk for the Woods.B.Teddy Bears’ Picnic.C.The Easter Egg Roll.D.The Oral History Training Day.2.Heritage Lottery Fund provides money to.A.help look after the woodlandB.collect stories about the communityC.hold activities for the Forest Schoolanize the Easter holiday competitions3.The passage is written to.rm people of the coming eventsB.encourage people to work as volunteersC.invite people to take part in the competitionsD.tell people about some famous organizationsPassage 10Indoor plantsAs with any house guests, indoor plants require a certain amount of basic, regular attention if they are going to feel at home.The first consideration when purchasing plants is to make reasonably sure that they are suitable for the conditions in which they are going to be housed.A general rule for most plants being brought indoors for the first time is to ensure that they have a reasonable temperature of not less than 60 degrees Fahrenheit, a position out of cold air, safe from pets and not exposed to strong sunlight.Plants love company.When plants are growing together, they create an atmosphere of damp around themselves which is far more beneficial than hot dry conditions.A group of plants will also present a more pleasing picture and provide an opportunity for a creative arrangement.There is no secret to this.Just rely on your natural feeling for harmony.Watering and feeding plants are probably the two areas of care that are the least well understood, but, again, if you follow a few simple rules, your plants should do well.Cold water direct from the tap can have a frightening effect on the roots of delicate plants.Slightly warm water is therefore the answer.It is usually better to pour the water on to the soil on the surface of the pot rather than put the water into the pot holder at the bottom.Avoid giving small amount of water at regular intervals—it is much better to wet the soil right through the pot in one go and then to allow it to dry noticeably before giving it a further watering.The majority of indoor plants will be in active growth from March until October, and during this time, the established ones will benefit from regular feeding.This may mean feeding with a weak liquid fertilizer(肥料)at each watering or at intervals of a week or ten days with fertilizer at standard strength.It is important, however, to ensure that plants are not fed when growth is inactive, when the soil in the pot is dry, or too soon after the plant has been potted up.1.In Paragraph 2, the author mainly tells us to.A.buy plants that help clean indoor airB.create a new environment with plantsC.put plants on the sunny side of the roomD.make sure of suitable conditions for plants2.What’s the benefit of plants growing together?A.It provides owners good company.B.It helps the air around them slightly wet.C.It makes it convenient to look after them.D.It allows owners to draw a pleasant picture.3.While watering the plants, what should we remember?e water that is a little warm.B.Pour the water into the pot holder.C.Give small amount of water at one time.D.Consider further watering in dry weather.4.When is the best time to feed the plants?A.When the soil is dry.B.When their growth is active.C.When the temperature is high.D.When they have just been planted.Passage 11TravelerMy fifteen-year-old son has just returned from abroad with rolls of exposed film and a hundred dollars in uncashed traveler’s checks, and is asleep at the moment.His blue duffel bag(旅行包) lies on the floor where he droppedit.Obviously, he postponed as much sleep as he could: when he walked in and we hugged, his electrical system suddenly switched off, and he headed directly for the bed, where I imagine he beat his old record of sixteen hours.It was his first trip overseas, so weeks before it, I pressed travel books on him, and a tape cassette of useful French phrases, drew up a list of people to visit,and advised him on clothing and other things.At the luggage store where we went to buy him a suitcase, he headed for the duffels, saying that suitcases were more for old people.During the trip, he called home three times: from London,Paris,and a village named Ullapool.Near Ullapool, he climbed a mountain in a rainstorm that almost blew him off.In the village, a man spoke to him in Gaelic, and, too polite to interrupt, my son listened to him for ten or fifteen minutes, trying to nod in the right places.The French he learned from the cassette didn’t hold water in Paris.The French he talked to shrugged and walked on.When my son called, I sat down at the kitchen table and leaned forward and hung on every word.His voice came through clearly, though two of the calls were like ship-to-shore communication.When I interrupted him with a “Great!” or a “Really?”, I knocked a little hole in his communication.So I just sat and listened.I have never listened to a telephone so attentively and with so much pleasure.It was wonderful to hear news from him that was so new to me.In my book,he was the first man to land on the moon, and I knew that I had no advice to give him and that what I had already given was probably not much help.The unused checks are certainly evidence of that.Youth travels light.No suitcase, not much luggage and a slim expense account, and yet he went to the scene, and came back safely.I sit here amazed.The night when your child returns with dust on his shoes from a country you’ve never seen is a night you would gladly t urn into a week.1.During the trip,the author’s son .A.ran out of moneyB.had inadequate sleepC.forgot to call his motherD.failed to take good pictures2.According to the passage, which of the following could best describe the author’s son?A.Polite and careless.B.Creative and stubborn.C.Considerate and independent.D.Self-centered and adventurous.3. What does the underlined word “that”in the last paragraph refer to?A.It is important to listen to your child’s story.B.It’s easy to interrupt the chat with your child.C.The author is proud of her son landing on the moon.D.The son no longer needs much help from his mother.4.What can we infer from the passage?A.Good parents should protect their children from potential dangers.B.The world is a book and those who do not travel read only one page.C.It’s a win-win choice to give a child space to experience and explore.munication between parents and children is extremely important.能力提升题组Passage 1(2018北京七中期中,C)Have you ever looked toward the sky on a fall day and witnessed a group of migrating birds? If so, you probably noted the V-shaped formation of the birds or the birds flying in a ball-like formation. Why do birds fly this way? Many theories have been developed to explain the formation patterns of different types of birds.One theory is that birds fly in certain formations to take advantage of the laws of nature. The birds know that flying in a V-shaped pattern will save energy. Like the lead cyclist in a race who decreases the wind force for the cyclists who follow, the lead bird cuts the wind force for the birds that follow. This decrease in the wind force means that the birds use up to 70 percent less energy during their flight. When the lead bird becomes tired, a more rested bird takes over that position.But saving energy is important for more than one reason. Sometimes food is short during migration flights. Keeping energy enables the birds to fly longer distances between meals.When food is sighted, the birds guide one another in a different way. When a bird identifies a familiar feeding area, it might turn around in order to signal the group to change direction. Then, this bird becomes the new leader. It helps。

高考英语专项复习《阅读理解记叙文》真题总结含答案一、2022年高考真题1.（2022年全国甲卷）As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her andkick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.C. Bring back lost memories.D. Stick to a promise.29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?A. Lovely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.C. A discount fare.D. A friend’s invitation.30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?A. It could be a home for her.B. It should be easily accessible.C. It should be well preserved.D. It needs to be fully introduced.31. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream.B. An unforgettable experience.C. Sailing around the world.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.体裁：记叙文主题：人与自我--生活-旅行【字数】300 + 98【语篇导读】文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。

高考阅读理解主旨大意题专项主旨大意题通常涉及概括中心大意、揭示主题、选择标题判断作者写作意图等形式。

1.The main idea of the passage is that __________.2.The passage is mainly about __________.3.The best title of the passage is __________.4.From the passage we can learn/ conclude that __________.5.The topic/ subject discussed in the passage is __________.6.Which is the best title of this passage?7.What’s the main idea of the passage?8.What’s the purpose of__________?实战演练A(全国I)Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.1. What is the text mainly about?A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.2. Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that_________ ．A. they look like young cuckoosB. they have claws on the wingsC. they eat a lot like a cowD. they live on river banks3. What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?A. They had claws to help them climb.B. They could fly long distances.C. They had four wings like hoatzins.D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.4. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?A. To find more food.B. To protect themselves better.C. To keep themselves warm.D. To produce their young.B(全国卷I )Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.Any owner will tall you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people - half of them pet owners –while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best .Those testedwith their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned. Most quickly to baseline heart rates .With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes. Than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more released (放松)around Pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a Year studying 36 fat people and were put on a diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 fat people without pets were put on a diet program. On average，people lost about 11 pounds，Or 5% of their body weight .Their dogs did even better，losing an average of 12 pounds，more then 15%of their body weight .Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but ,say Researchers，got more exercise overall –mostly with their dogs –and found it worth doing.1．What does the text mainly discuss?A. What pets bring to their ownersB. How pets help people calm downC. people’s opinions of keeping petsD. Pet’s value in medical research2．We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if____________A. he has a pet companionB. he has less stress of workC. he often dose mental arithmeticD. he is taken care of by his family3．According to Allen, why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?A. They have lower blood pressure.B. They become more patient.C. They are less nervous.D. They are in higher spirits.4．The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that __________.A. people with dogs did more exerciseB. dogs lost the same weight as people didC. dogs liked exercise much more than people didD. people without dogs found the program unhelpfulC(天津)To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human.Common sense is not all that common.Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse?These three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature .To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibili ty for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do .The original quote about human nature went like this:” To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的).”This saying mirrors an i deal people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite –find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity.Common sense is what we call clear thought. Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan. Commonsense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm, but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine．Common sense does not seem to be common for large organizations, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything. People say that in a large company,” the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing.”And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people. Get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time. There is a corollary(直接推论)to that: if good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest, then where is the place of the truth?1. According to the passage, which of following seems the most human?A. To search for truth．B. To achieve one’s idealC. To make fun of others’ mistakes．D. To criticize others for one’s own error. 2．According to the author, what is a sign of a man’s mat urity?A. Doing things his own way.B. Bearing responsibility for his mistakes.C. Making as few mistakes as possible．D. Thinking seriously about his wrongdoing.3．Which of the following is NOT based on common sense?A. A man tries to take charge of everything in a large company.B. A student goes out with an umbrella in stormy weather.C. A company’s next move follows a good plan．D. A lawyer acts on fine judgments．4. What is the author’s opinion about a good excuse?A. Making a good excuse is sometimes a better policy.B. Inventing a good excuse needs creative ideas.C. A good excuse is as rewarding as honesty.D. Bitter truth is better than a good excuse.5. What would be the best title for his passage?A. A Mirror of Human NatureB. To Blame or to ForgiveC. A Mark of MaturityD. Truth or ExcuseD(重庆)Sitting on the peaceful coast of the Galapagos Islands. Ecuador , watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldn’t forget the Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired(启发) his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin’s footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to theislands.The islands are certainly a paradise (天堂) for wildlife, as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control. Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin die hour 200 years ago ,each day is as impressive as it could be.The most well crown animal of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise ( 巨型陆龟),which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Santa Cruz, the second largest island in the archipelago(群岛). Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself.Despite strict control over activities and timing, you stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures; diving with sea how that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch you feet as you swim and ,most magically , seeing a with and her baby surface with great breath of air.Traveling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will fell as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world .At night you will sleep on board the ship , leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands, which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time.1. What do we know about Darwin’s visit to the islands?A. He studied different creatures on the islands.B. He completed his famous book on the islands.C. He was touched by the geography of the islands.D. He was attracted by well-known animals of the islands.2. Which of the following plays a role in making the islands “a paradise for wildlife”?A. Animals on the islands feed on grass.B. Local government forbids killing wildlife.C. People cannot visit the islands as they wish.D. Tourists are not allowed to torch the animals.3．Your stay on the islands will be most impressive mainly because of .A. the beautiful sea viewsB. Darwin’s inspiring tripC．a closer view of animals D. various daring activities4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. A Unique Attraction for Wildlife LoversB. Galapagos as a Paradise for AdventurersC. Charles Darwin as a Symbol of GalapagosD. A Successful Example of Wildlife ProtectionE(重庆)Humans are naturally drawn to other life forms and the worlds outside of our own. We take delight in the existence of creatures and even whole societies beyond our everyday lives.This sense of wonder is universal look at the efforts that scientists have made to find out whether life of some kind exists on Mars, and the popularity of fantasy(幻想) literature or movies like The lord of the Rings, This sense of wonder draws us to each other, to the world around us, and to the world of make-believe. But have we gone to far in creating worlds of fantasy that we are missing the pleasure of other worlds that already exist all around us?Human beings, as biologists have suggested, possess an inborn desire to connect with and understand other life forms, however, people, especially in big cities, often lead rather isolated lives. In a study of British schoolchildren, it was found that children by age eight were much more familiar with characters for television shows and video games than with common wildlife. Without modern technology, a small pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants, insects, birds, and animals. When we lack meaningful interaction (交互) with the world around us, and sometimes even with our families and friends , we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen The world of make-believe is not necessarily bad, But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet (出路) our sense of wonder, then we are really missing something, We are missing a connection with the living world. Otherwonderful wonderful worlds exist all around us. But even more interesting is that if we look closely enough, we can see that these worlds, in a broad sense, are really part of our own.1. The popularity of The Lord of the Rings proves ___ .A. the close connection between man and the fantasy worldB. the wonderful achievements of fantasy literatureC. the fine taste of moviegoers around the worldD. the general existence of the sense of curiosity2. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?A. People are far less familiar with the world of fantasy.B. The world around us could serve as a sound of wonder.C. The world of fantasy can be mirrored by a small and lively pond.D. Modern technology prevents us from developing our sense of wonder.3. If our sense of wonder relies totally on the world of make-believe. We will______.A. fail to appreciate the joy in our livesB. be confused by the world of make-believeC. miss the chance to recognize the fantasy worldD. be trapped by other worlds existing all around us4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To show us the hidden beauty in our world.B. To warn us not to get lost in the fantasy wonderC. To argue against the misuse of the sense of wonderD. To discuss the influence of the world of make-believe。

高三英语阅读理解主旨大意题单选题30题1.What is the main idea of the passage?A.The history of a city.B.The culture of a country.C.The development of technology.D.The benefits of exercise.答案：A。

本题中，文章主要围绕一个城市的历史展开，讲述了其不同时期的发展变化。

选项B 国家的文化在文章中未提及主要内容；选项 C 技术的发展并非文章重点；选项 D 锻炼的好处与文章内容无关。

2.What is the passage mainly about?A.A famous person's life.B.An important event.C.A beautiful place.D.A scientific discovery.答案：B。

文章主要描述了一个重要事件的发生、发展及影响。

选项 A 著名人物的生活在文中未体现；选项 C 美丽的地方不是文章主要内容；选项D 科学发现与文章不符。

3.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To introduce a new product.B.To discuss a social problem.C.To tell a story.D.To explain a scientific concept.答案：B。

文章重点在于讨论一个社会问题，分析其原因和影响。

选项 A 介绍新产品不是文章主旨；选项 C 讲故事不是文章的主要目的；选项D 解释科学概念与文章内容不符。

4.What is the main topic of the passage?A.Animals in danger.B.Environmental protection.C.Modern art.D.Space exploration.答案：B。