上海市建平中学2014届高三英语5月模拟试题(扫描版,无答案)牛津上海版

上海市闵行区2014年5月高三英语三模试卷考生注意：1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名及准考证号填写清楚。

答题时客观题用2B铅笔按要求填涂，主观题用黑色水笔书写。

2. 本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷，共12页。

满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 10:30. B. At 10:50.C. At 11:00.D. At 11:20.2. A. Husband and wife. B. Doctor and patient.C. Manager and clerk.D. Waitress and customer.3. A. To India. B. T o Jane’s party.C. To the museum.D. To a gallery.4. A. The ring is not hers. B. She doesn’t have gold rings. C. She prefers gold to silver. D. She lost her silver ring.5. A. They should give Sally some on-the-job training.B. They should buy Sally a train ticket.C. They shouldn’t take Sally into account.D. They should ask Sally to get more qualification.6. A. Occupation. B. Hobby.C. Literature.D. Part-time job.7. A. Check the number. B. Try harder.C. Wait for a signal.D. Phone later.8. A. The air is fresh. B. It’s hot inside.C. The window is open.D. It’s noisy outside.9. A. Confused. B. Sympathetic.C. Embarrassed.D. Uninterested.10. A. He lost his way. B. He received a traffic ticket.C. He worked very carefully.D. He drove in heavy traffic.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To explain the campus architecture to visitors.B. To show new staff around the campus.C. To make new students familiar with the campus.D. To advise new students about which classes to take.12. A. Registration forms. B. A library card.C. A list of class schedules.D. A campus map.13. A. Move into their dormitories. B. Find their classrooms.C. Memorize campus landmarks.D. Schedule their first exams.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Physics. B. Chemistry.C. English Literature.D. Media Studies.15. A. More than 144,000. B. About 147,500.C. 7.5％of all the test takers.D. 4.6％of all the test takers.16. A. Few students avoid harder subjects.B. Each subject has the same level of difficulty.C. Some subjects are more difficult than others.D. Pupils are important to the cou ntry’s development.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complete the form. Write no more than THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The old-fashioned general store is fast disappearing. This is, perhaps, a pity, because shopping today seems to lack that personal element (25)________ existed when the shopkeeper knew all his regular customers personally. He could, for instance, remember which brand of tea Mrs. Smith usually bought or (26)________ sort of washing powder Mrs. Jones preferred. Not only was the shop a center of buying and selling, but a social meeting place.A prosperous general store might have employed four or five assistants, and so there were very few problems in management as far as the staff (27)________(concern). But (28)________ ________ the supermarket has replaced the general store, the job of the manager has changed completely. The modern supermarket manager has to cope with a staff of as many as a hundred, apart from all the other everyday problems of running a large business.Every morning the manager must, (29)________ the commander of an army division, carry out an inspection of his store to make sure that everything is ready for the business of the day. He must see that everything is running smoothly. He will have to give advice and make decisions as problems arise; and he must know how to get his huge staff to work efficiently with their respective responsibilities. (30)________ ________ ________ he has to do throughout the day, however, the supermarket manager must be ready for any emergency that(31)________ arise. They say in the trade that you are not really (32)________ experienced supermarket manager until you have dealt with a flood, a fire, a birth and a death in your store.(B)Global Positioning Systems（全球定位系统）are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to (33)________ they want to go. However, they can also cause a lot of problems, send you to the wrong place or leave you completely (34)________(lose). Many times, the driver is(35)________(blame). Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it isa combination of the two.Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm, Sweden. He told us about an incident (36)________(involve) a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay. Mr. Brown says, “They just plugged in an address and then (37)________(set) off to their destination. And, then it wasn’t (38)________ they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put (39)________ home address in. So again, the GPS is kind of ‘garbage in garbage out’.”Mr. Brown says this is a common human error, but what makes the problem (40)________(bad) has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment. He says, “One problem with a lot of the GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it’s going to the wrong place.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beIn only two decades Asian Americans have become the fastest-growing U. S. minority. As their children began moving up through the nation schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was 41 . Their achievements are 42 in the nation’ s best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering departments have taken on a decidedly Asian character. This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their education abroad arrived in the U. S. with a 43 grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English. They are also influenced by the 44 of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more 45 . And the return on the 46 in education is more immediate in something like engineering than with an arts degree.Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are47 that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has tooffer. An effective measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian culture that breeds success, such as ideals that 48 family values and emphasize education.Both explanations for academic success worry Asian Americans because of fears that they feed a typical racial 49 . Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the victims of social 50 . Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Last night’s meteor(流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valley’s mayor, people 51in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors pas sing through the sky. What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it 52 the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so 53 ，” admitted town resident Duane Cosby. “We wanted to make this an unforgettable fam ily outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been 54 this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from 55 objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They 56 people and the government to take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that 57 even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc.58 , outdoor lighting severely affects migrating birds. According to the International Dar-Sky Association，“100 million birds a year throughout North America 59 in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more animal victims result from the use of artificial 60 . Clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be 61 for humans，too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of ge tting cancer.Emerald Valley is not the only community that is becoming aware of the 62 effects of light pollution. For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has imposed lighting 63 in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory. Similar 64 have been made worldwide, and a 65 is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.51. A. gathered B. explored C. examined D. adventured52. A. darkened B. provided C. reflected D. adjusted53. A. disagreeable B. frustrated C. awkward D. professional54. A. escaping from B. complaining about C. finding out D. clearing away55. A. covering B. changing C. seeing D. investigating56. A. take on B. ask for C. call on D. inquire about57. A. benefits B. gets C. demands D. suffers58. A. For example B. In addition C. On the whole D. No wonder59. A. chase B. die C. immigrate D. breed60. A. scenery B. buildings C. lighting D. setting61. A. harmful B. helpful C. inevitable D. inadequate62. A. temporary B. negative C. considerable D. physical63. A. effects B. system C. level D. regulations64. A. promises B. efforts C. changes D. arrangements65. A. parade B. policy C. revolution D. movementSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)66. According to the passage, teachers would be working with students .A. immediately after they apply for the positionB. in the National City Center across ChinaC. 21—25 hours a week even on national holidaysD. ranging from kindergarten students to teenagers67. How much can Smith get on July 15 if he promises to teach for a year on January 15?A. 9500 RMB. B. 28500 RMB.C. 34200 RMB.D. 57000 RMB.68. Who will be possibly admitted as an English teacher according to the passage?A. Bo Savino from America, 35, a native Chinese.B. Douglas Carter from Canada, 30, a former doctor.C. Abigale from Australia, 42, an experienced teacher.D. Alexa Joy Nino from India, 39, an experienced teacher.69. We can conclude that teachers admitted by this school group are allowed to _________.A. get a rise in salaryB. live in the north of Hong KongC. see a doctor for freeD. visit a variety of local schools(B)For 170 years, members of a tiny American native tribe have lived and celebrated their traditions on a small piece of land off the Louisiana coast called Isle de Jean Charles. They fished and they farmed, making living by hard work among the bays and marshes（沼泽）. But now the waters that have supported them are threatening to over flood them.“I don’t think we’re going to have any other choice except to leave because we’re getting washed away by every storm that comes by,” said Albert Naquin, chief of the Biloxi-Chitimacha tribe. “We have lost more and more land, and it keeps happening.”Surrounded by the Gulf of Mexico on one side and the marsh on the other, Isle de Jean Charles sits at the southern tip of Louisiana’s rapidly disappearing wetlands, an area that is 3 t o 4 miles long and about a mile wide. The tribe has been living here since 1840. But about a football field worth of land in the region is lost every half hour because of storms and rising sea water—a constant process that is expected to worsen with climate change.Isle de Jean Charles has been flooded five times in the last six years, being transformed froma once lush（繁茂的）landscape into a barren disaster zone. The floodwaters have spread large amounts of salt across the tiny island, making it nearly impossible for much to grow any more.The road to their village has been flooded so often, and now only one narrow road is usable, which is often covered by water. The fire station was closed a few years ago, and the island’s church was relocated. Now, only 25 families are left, with a “few dozen” people. A controversial （有争议的）$900 million system of sea walls to save endangered communities along the Louisiana coast raised hopes here. But the final design did not include Isle de Jean Charles because officials concluded it simply would cost too much to protect the relatively few families that were left.70. What would be the best title of the passage?A. Climate change threatens an American native tribe.B. Decreasing population of an American native tribe.C. The survival of an American native tribe.D. The harmful effect of climate change.71. We learn from the third paragraph that .A. the tribe is losing its land at a fast speedB. the southern tip of the wetlands is now in waterC. only a football field worth of land remains for the tribeD. the tribe has lived here for 300 years72. What do we know about the remaining land of Isle de Jean Charles?A. It still remains rich and beautiful.B. It is almost unsuitable for crops to grow.C. There’s no resident living on the land.D. All of them have been covered by water.73. The last paragraph suggests that .A. the fate of the tribe remains dangerousB. the tribe insists on remaining where they areC. the government has paid much attention to the tribeD. the tribe has a large population(C)Insurance is the sharing of risks. Nearly everyone is exposed to risk of some sort. The house-owner, for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire; the ship-owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family the poorer. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire nor every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a small sum into a pool, there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer loss. In other words, the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the many. This is the basis of insurance. Those who pay the contribution are known as “insured” and those who administer the pool of contributions as “insurers”.Not all risks lead themselves to being covered by insurance. Broadly speaking, the ordinary risks of business and speculation cannot be covered. The risk that buyers will not buy goods at the prices offered is not of a kind that can be statistically estimated—and risks can only be insured against if they can be so estimated.The legal basis of all insurance is the “policy”. This is the printed form of contract on paper of the best quality. It states that in return for the regular payment by the insured of a named sum of money, called the “premium”, which is usually paid every year, the insurer will pay a sum of money or compensation for loss, if the risk or event insured against actually happens. The wording of policies, particularly in marine insurance, often seems very old-fashioned, but there is a sound reason for this. Over a large number of years many law cases have been brought to clear up the meaning of doubtful phrases in policies. The law courts, in their judgments, have given these phrases a definite and indisputable meaning, and to avoid future disputes (争论) the phrases have continued to be used in policies even when they have passed out of normal use in speech.74. According to the passage, insurance is possible because ________.A. only a small proportion of the insured suffer lossB. only insured people suffer lossC. nearly every insurer suffers lossD. everyone at some time suffers loss75. The insurance of ordinary business risks is not possible because ________.A. it can’t cover this kind of risksB. the risks are too highC. the ris ks can’t be measuredD. the premiums would be too high76. Old-fashioned wording is sometimes used in insurance policies because ________.A. law courts suggested the use of it long agoB. the meaning of such wording has been agreed uponC. it enables ordinary people to understand it easilyD. insurance has existed for a long time77. The writer of this passage seems to think that insurance is ________.A. a form of gamblingB. a way of making money quicklyC. old-fashionedD. useful and necessarySection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The problem with most surveys about whether people will pay for online content is thatthey’re co nducted on the Internet and respondents have a special interest in being able to surf the Web forever for nothing. But one of the most surprising results of a new, more wide-ranging survey by the marketing and media information firm Nielsen was that some people are actually prepared to pay.Nielsen asked 27,000 people across 52 countries if they’d consider paying for Internet content. The answer was a thorough perhaps. Before Rupet Murdoch and other champions of paid content get too excited, thought, it’s w orth noticing that 71% of respondents say that content would have to be considerably higher quality than the free stuff before they handed over any cash. If they believed they could get the information elsewhere for free, they’d never pay.So the puzzle that still remains unsolved for providers is exactly how to provide content unique enough that users can’t get it elsewhere and once they have produced it, how to protect it, while still promoting it. How do you balance the two Web models; the one where linking is everything, where you want content picked up by other sites, and the one where your content has to be exclusive (唯一的)?There are encouraging signs for providers in some categories. According to Nielsen, more than 50% people would be prepared to pay for movies, music and games; exactly half would pay for professionally produced video, and a slightly smaller proportion would pay for magazines. On the other hand, fewer than a third of people would be prepared to pay for social media, news or talk radio, consumer generated videos or blogs.Now for the surprising results, consumers under 20 were most likely to consider paying, while those over 65 were the least likely. This, Nielsen assumes may be because younger consumers care little for the platform through which they get the content: to them, video is video, whether viewed online or via cable TV, for which they already pay. Another explanation: at under-20, they haven’t got many other financial responsibilities. Or hey, it’s their parents’ money, so what do they care?(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS.)78. Most surveys indicate that people prefer to _____________________________.79. According to Nielsen survey, people are willing to pay if _________________________.80. What is the unsolved puzzle?81. Why are most young people likely to pay online content?第II 卷(共47 分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.82. 学习了一整天后，听听轻音乐多惬意啊！（What…）83. 失败后反思会增加你下次获得成功的机会。

上海市建平中学2025届高三最后一模英语试题注意事项:1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

2．答题时请按要求用笔。

3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5．保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Various efforts ________ in the past decades to protect the environment.A．had made B．have madeC．were made D．have been made2．Policemen think that where there is violence , drugs with damaging effects on kids are always ______ it．A．beyond B．before C．behind D．besides3．Once you’ve ________ the items you ordered, put this record in your file.A．checked in B．checked offC．checked out D．checked with4．Roger trained hard for the tournament for months, but unfortunately he had to _______ due to a knee injury. A．pull out B．work outC．try out D．give out5．What made them miss the deadline was not their lack of funding, but ________ their lack of planning.A．even B．stillC．rather D．ever6．World Food Day is held each year to underline the progress that ________ against hunger and that still needs to be made.A．is made B．was madeC．has been made D．will be made7．Japan has been trying to bring its nuclear crisis under ____ control, but ____ spread of radiation has raised concerns about the safety of the nuclear energy.A．a; the B．the; / C．/; the D．a; /8．I’ve known Sarah for nearly ten years. She _________ once my customer.A．is B．has beenC．was D．had been9．While we were listening to the speech attentively, a voice _____ to announce the result of the election.A．broke in B．broke up C．broke off D．broke down10．Tianjin soccer fans wonder how long it will be ______ the popular soccer star —Sunke can appear in the fields inTianjin as a member of Tianjin Tianhai soccer team.A．before B．sinceC．until D．where11．No decision __A_ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.A．will be made B．is madeC．is being made D．has been made12．I guess ________ impresses me most about his painting is the colors he uses.A．who B．whichC．that D．what13．Decades ago, scientists believed that how the brain develops when you are a kid ______ determines your brain structure for the rest of your life.A．sooner or later B．more or less C．to and from D．up and down14．Whenever you ________ a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.A．bought B．have bought C．will buy D．buy15．I _____up my mind what I was going to say in the seminar, but it was cancelled.A．have made B．had madeC．was making D．would make16．—It’s really great to have a computer to store my photos.—Don’t count on it too much. It ________ break down and you’d better make a copy of them.A．must B．canC．should D．will17．Dave was a ________. Because of his misconduct in class, the whole class had to stay after school.A．wet blanket B．leading lightC．black sheep D．dark horse18．Word came that 30 firefighters gave their lives to our country _______ national property security.A．in exchange for B．in response toC．in terms of D．in contrast with19．I have to reschedule the appointment with you since there is a ______ in my arrangement.A．contract B．contrast C．connection D．conflict20．The police are offering ______ reward of $50,000 for information leading to the arrest of _____ murderer.A．the; the B．a; a C．the; a D．a; the第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

高中英语真题:高2014届毕业班五月高考模拟（一）英语试题全卷满分l50分，考试时间l20分钟.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。

2．第1卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

3．第Ⅱ卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡上各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

第I卷（选择题，共90分）第一节单项填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）1. opera can be very enjoyable, but ___ can be appreciated if y ou don’t like it .A. nothingB. everythingC. somethingD. anything2. When interviewed, the family members of the victims said that they didn’t know what ______ without their loved ones.A. they expectB. to expectC. to be expectedD. to have been expectedIn , a PE test as part of the College Entrance might encourage parents to ____ varioustutoring programs with physical exercise.A. replaceB. regardC. reactD. respond4. As a green hand, he doesn’t know______ it takes to start a bu siness here.A. whenB. howC. whatD. which5. — What is the purpose of this experiment ?— ______ if this material breaks easily under high pressure .A. Figure outB. To figure outC. Figuring outD. Figured out6. It’s really difficult to ______ what he is trying to express.A. leave outB. pick outC. work outD. make out7. Oh, sorry. I forgot where I read the article, or I ___ it to you n ow.A. will showB. showC. can showD. would show8. —What a mistake!—Yes. I ______ he do it in another way, but without success. A. was suggesting B. have suggestedC. would suggestD. had suggested9. — Linda , ___ we attend the lecture about oral English?— Why not ? It’s closely related to our English study .A. mayB. shouldC. mustD. shall10. With a special train ticket, you can travel______ you’d like to go in for just over 100 pounds.A. whatB. in whichC. whereD. which第二节：完形填空（20小题，每小题1.5分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A.B.C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

高中英语真题:2014届高三高考适应性考试英语试题第一部分：听力理解（共两节，30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Why does Lisa just eat an apple for lunch?A．She is on a diet B. She is too busy to have a meal.C. There's nothing else in the fridge.2. What might the woman think of the film?A. It was boring.B. It was exciting.C. It was thrillin g3. Where are the two speakers now?A. On the second floor.B. On the third floor.C. On the fourth floor4. Why does the woman sound worried?A. They don't have much time left.B. This is her first time on a plane.C. Something is likely to go wrong.5. Why can't the man recognize the girl?A. Because she has changed a lot.B. Because she wears glasses now.C. Because she has long hair.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。

6. What time does the man usually get up?A. Early in the morning.B. Late in the afternoon.C. Aro und midday.7. What does the man usually eat?A. Nutritious meals.B. Fast food.C. Homemade meals.8. What does the woman think of her son's daily life?A. He leaves his room messy.B. He works too hard.C. He has a healthy diet.听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。

2024届上海市浦东新区建平中学英语高三上期末复习检测试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．You look frozen．Sit down by the fire and I you some hot tea．A．make B．was making C．made D．will make2．-I feel caught between experience and jobs after graduation.-It’s really_________—without experience you can’t get a job and without a job you can’t get experience.A．a catch-22 B．a Herculean taskC．a sacred cow D．a Mickey Mouse course3．— Which classical Chinese poem do you like best?—Don’t laugh if we lay drunken on the battleground; how many soldiers ever came back______.A．old and young B．up and down C．safe and sound D．right and wrong4．If we forgave criminals, we might become a society of endless excuses _____ no one accepts responsibility for anything．A．which B．where C．when D．as5．I don’t mind her criticizing me,but___is how she does it that I object to.A．it B．thatC．this D．which6．This book is said to be a special one, as it ____ many events not found in other history books.A．writes B．prints C．covers D．reads7．We believe ________ you have been devoted to ________ naturally of great necessity. A．that; being B．all that; beC．that all; are D．what; is8．—Going to watch the Women’s Volleyball Match on Wednesday?—________! Will you go with me?A．You bet B．You got meC．You there D．Y ou know better9．A new movie Sacrifice came out last year, Ge You played adoctorsaved an orphan at the cost of his own baby.A．in which; who B．when; who C．on which; by whom D．where; whom 10．Every school into the competition will have a chance to win $2,000 ______ of computing equipment.A．price B．worth C．value D．cost11．John once worked in a remote mountain village school, which is ______ only on foot. A．accessible B．acceptable C．available D．appropriate12．— Did you catch the first bus this morning?—No. It had left the stop _________ I got there.A. in the time B．at the timeC．by the time D．during the time13．Tom is so creative a person that he always has lots of _________ ideas in his mind, and sometimes we don’t even know what he is thinking about.A．mean B．novelC．slim D．instant14．A lot of suggestions were put forward at the meeting, but ______ was practical. A．nothing B．noneC．neither D．no one15．The real winners in sport are those who know how to persevere and to behave with ________—whether they win or lose a game.A．certainty B．cautionC．dignity D．independence16．Not until _________________ the better qualities in ourselves ____________ expect to find them in others.A．have we developed; can weB．we have developed; that can weC．we have developed; can weD．can we develop; that we will17．Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________ as well as her.A．dance B．will danceC．had danced D．danced18．Every man has his faults. We should, therefore, lean to be ________ of others. A．ignorant B．responsibleC．reliable D．tolerant19．It's always a good idea to have a second key somewhere________ you lose the firstone.A．in case B．now thatC．even though D．as long as20．If he had been working hard, he ______ in the office now. However, he didn’t.A．would be working B．were to be working C．was working D．should work第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2014年上海市高考英语试卷I.ListeningComprehension1．（1分）A．A policewoman．B．A judge．C．A reporter．D．A waitress．2．（1分）A．Confident．B．Puzzled．C．Satisfied．D．Worried．3．（1分）A．At a restaurant．B．At a car rental agency．C．In a bank．D．In a driving school．4．（1分）A．A disaster．B．A new roof．C．A performance．D．A TV station．5．（1分）A．Catch the train．B．Meet Jane．C．Get some stationery．D．Clean the backyard．6．（1分）A．Ask for something cheaper．B．Buy the vase she really likes．C．Protect herself from being hurt．D．Bargain with the shop assistant．7．（1分）A．Use a computer in the lab．B．Take a chemistry course．C．Help him revise his report．D．Get her computer repaired．8．（1分）A．Amused．B．Embarrassed．C．Shocked．D．Sympathetic．9．（1分）A．She doesn't plan to continue studying next year．B．She has already told the man about her plan．C．She isn't planning to leave her university．D．She recently visited a different university．10．（1分）A．It spoke highly of the mayor．B．It misinterpreted the mayor's speech．C．It made the mayor's view clearer．D．It carried the mayor's speech accurately．11．（3分）Questions 11through 13are based on the following passage．11．A.70． B.20． C.25． D.75．12．A．The houses there can't be sold．B．It is a place for work and holiday．C．The cabins and facilities are shared．D．It is run by the residents themselves．13．A．A skiing resort．B．A special community．C．A splendid mountain．D．A successful businesswoman．14．（3分）Questions 14through 16are based on the following news．14．A．Those who often sent text messages．B．Those who suffered from heart disease．C．Those who did no physical exercise．D．Those who were unmarried．15．A．They responded more slowly than usual．B．They sent more messages．C．They typed 10percent faster on average．D．They edited more passages．16．A．Why chemical therapy works．B．Why marriage helps fight cancer．C．How unmarried people survive cancer．D．How cancer is detected after marriage．17．（4分）Directions：In Section C，you will hear two longer conversations．The conversations will be read twice．After you hear each conversation，you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard．Write your answers on your answer sheet．Blanks 17through 20are based on the following conversation．Complete the form．Write ONE WORD for each answer．21．（4分）Blanks 21through 24are based on the following conversation．Complete the form．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagesbelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblanksw ithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.25．My stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university，I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town．So I decided to leave home for New York，（25）I might have a better chance to find a good job．（26）（earn）some money to pay the daily expenses，I started work in a local café as a waiter．I believed that （27）I was offered a good position，I would resign at once．Over time，the high cost of living became a little burden on my already （28）（exhaust）shoulders．On the other hand，my search for a respectable job had not met with much success．As I had studied literature at university，I found it quitedifficult to secure a suitable job in big companies．Mother had said that （29）I wanted to have a better career advancement，I had to find work in the city．Perhaps，（30）my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind．I just did as she had expected．Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it．Apparently，I had difficulty （31）（adapt）myself to life in the city，let alone finding a job to my delight．After nine months of frustration．I eventually decided to go back to my small town．Not until I returned （32）I realise that a quiet town life was the best for me．33．The giant vending machine（自动售货机）is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies．However，help is now nearer at hand in the form of the country's first automatic push﹣button shop．Now residents in the Derbyshire village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week．Peter Fox，who is （33）electrical engineer，spent two and a half years working on the project．The machine （34）（equip）with security cameras and alarms，and looks like a mini shop with a brick front，a grey roof and a display window．Mr．Fox said he hoped his invention，（35）is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months，will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities．He said："I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn't find a manufacturer who could deliver what I wanted，so I did it by （36）．The result is what amounts to a huge outdoor vending machine．Yet I think the term automatic shop is far （37）（appropriate）．"In recent years，the commercial pressure from supermarket chains （38）（force）village shops across the country to close．In 2010，it was estimated that about 400village shops closed，（39）（urge）the local government to givefinancial support to struggling shops or set﹣up new community stores．Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their own volunteer﹣run shops，but Mr．Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution （40）those villages without a local shop．SectionBDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedo nce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.41．A．alert B．classify C．commit D．delicately E．gentle F．imposeG．labels H．moderation I．relieve J．signals K．simplyLet's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully．However，you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food（41）at the supermarket．Since you really （42）yourself to a healthier lifestyle，a little help would come in handy，wouldn't it？This is where a"choice architect"can help （43）some of the burden of doing it all yourself．Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions．For example，the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket﹣including which shelf the peanut butter goes on，and how the oranges are piled up﹣is a choice architect．Governments don't have to （44）healthier lifestyles through laws for example，smoking bans．Rather，if given an environment created by a choice architect﹣one that encourages us to choose what is best﹣we will do the right things．In other words，there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices，without removing freedom of choice．This idea combines freedom to choose with （45）hints from choice architects，who aim to help people live longer，healthier，and happier lives．The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so﹣called"traffic light system"to （46）foods as healthy or unhealthy．This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat，sugar，and salt each product contains （47）bylooking at the lights on the package．A green light（48）that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy；yellow indicates that the customer should be （49）；and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in（50）．The customer is given important health information，but is still free to decide what to choose．III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD．Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext．51．Research has shown that two﹣thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day，not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading，but plain and simple （51）．Language is our greatest treasure as a species，and what do we（52）do with it？We gossip．About others'behaviour and private lives，such as who's doing what with whom，who's in and who's out﹣and why；how to deal with difficult（53）situations involving children，lovers，and colleagues．So why are we keen on gossiping？Are we just natural（54），of both time and words？Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life？It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar．In fact，in his latest book，Grooming，Gossip and the Evolution of Language，the psychologist says gossip is one of these really（55）issues．Dunbar（56）the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively，or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural．Instead he suggests that language evolved among women．We don't spend two﹣thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk，argues Dunbar﹣（57），he goes on to say，language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip．Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the（58）of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys．By means of grooming﹣﹣cleaning the fur by brushing it，monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or（59）from outside it．As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family，Dunbar （60）that at one time in our history we did much the same．Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group，the greater the （61）it provided；on the other hand，the bigger the group，the greater the stresses of living close to others．Grooming helped to （62）the pressure and calm everybody down．But as the groups got bigger and bigger，the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be（63）to maintain its effectiveness．Clearly，a more （64）kind of grooming was needed，and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever﹣larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one﹣to﹣one （65）contact．51．A．claim B．description C．gossip D．language 52．A．occasionally B．habitually C．independently D．originally 53．A．social B．political C．historical D．cultural 54．A．admirers B．masters C．users D．wasters 55．A．vital B．sensitive C．ideal D．difficult 56．A．confirms B．rejects C．outlines D．broadens 57．A．for instance B．in addition C．on the contrary D．as aresult58．A．motivation B．appearance C．emotion D．behaviour 59．A．attack B．contact C．inspection D．assistance 60．A．recalls B．denies C．concludes D．confesses 61．A．prospect B．responsibility C．leadership D．protection 62．A．measure B．show C．maintain D．ease 63．A．saved B．extended C．consumed D．gained 64．A．common B．efficient C．scientific D．thoughtful 65．A．indirect B．daily C．physical D．secretSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinis hedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouh avejustread.66．Most people agree that honesty is a good thing．But does Mother Nature agree？Animals can't talk，but can they lie in other ways？Can they lie with their bodies and behavior？Animal experts may not call it lying，but they do agree that many animals，from birds to chimpanzees，behave dishonestly to fool other animals．Why？Dishonesty often helps them survive．Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals．For example，a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young．When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest，the plover leads the predator away from the nest．How？It pretends to have a broken wing．The predator follows the"hurt"adult，leaving the baby birds safe in the nest．Another kind of bird，the scrub jay，buries its food so it always has something to eat．Scrub jays are also thieves．They watch where others bury their food and steal it．But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them．So they go back later，unbury the food，and bury it again somewhere else．Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work．How？They don't make nests．Instead，they get into other birds'nests secretly．Then they lay their eggs and fly away．When the baby birds come out，their adoptive parents feed them．Chimpanzees，or chimps，can also be sneaky．After a fight，the losing chimp will give its hand to the other．When the winning chimp puts out its hand，too，the chimps are friendly again．But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again．Chimps are sneaky in other ways，too．When chimps find food that they love，such as bananas，it is natural for them to cry out．Then other chimps come running．But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food．That way，other chimps don't hear them，and they don't need to share their food．As children，many of us learn the saying"You can't fool Mother Nature．"But maybe you can't trust her，either．66．A plover protects its young from a predator by．A．getting closer to its young B．driving away the adult predator C．leaving its young in another nest D．pretending to be injured 67．By"Chimpanzees，or chimps，can also be sneaky"（paragraph 5），the author means．A．chimps are ready to attack others B．chimps are sometimes dishonest C．chimps are jealous of the winners D．chimps can be selfish too 68．Which of the following is true according to the passage？．A．Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others．B．The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand．C．Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests．D．Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back．69．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？．A．Do animals lie？B．Does Mother Nature fool animals？C．How do animals learn to lie？D．How does honesty help animals survive？70．Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year．How do you make that happen？Consider putting the habit loop to use．Here's how it works：A habit is a 3﹣step process．First，there's a cue，something that tells your brain to operate automatically．Then there's a routine．And finally，a reward，which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior．It's what you can use to create﹣or break﹣habits of your own．Here's how to apply it：Choose a cue，like leaving your running shoes by the door，then pick．a reward ﹣say，a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym．That way，the cue and the reward become interconnected．Finally，when you see the shoes，your brain will start longing for the reward，which will make it easier to work out day after day．The best part？In a couple of weeks，you won't need the chocolate at all．Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward．Which is the whole point，right？70．Which of the following best fits in the box with a"？"in THE HABIT LOOP？．A．Pick a new cue．B．Form a new habit．C．Choose a new reward．D．Design a new resolution．71．According to THE HABIT LOOP，you can stick to your plan most effectively by．A．changing the routine B．trying it for a weekC．adjusting your goal D．writing it down72．What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use？．A．To test out different kinds of cues．B．To do something as a habit even without rewards．C．To work out the best New Year's resolution．D．To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards．73．"This year when I see the Harry Potter poster，I will read 30pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour．"What is the cue in this resolution？．A．The Harry Potter poster．B．Reading 30pages of an English novel．C．An English newspaper．D．Watching TV for half an hour．74．If you could be anybody in the world，who would it be？Your neighbour or a super star？A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person，thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device．Rikke Wahl，an actress，model and artist，was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab，a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona．She swapped with her partner，an actor，using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man．"As I looked down，I saw my whole body as a man，dressed in my partner's pants，"she said．"That's the picture I remember best．"The set﹣up is relatively simple．Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top．The video from each camera is sent to the other person，so what you see is the exact view of your partner．If she moves her arm，you see it．If you move your arm，she sees it．To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it，participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly，so that the other can follow along．Eventually，this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomescomfortable，and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body．Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards﹣potentially for the better．Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism﹣the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them．Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test，which measures the strength of people's associations between，for instance，black people and adjectives such as good，bad，athletic or awkward．Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses，before taking the test again．This time，the participants'bias scores were lower．The idea is that once you've"put yourself in another's shoes"you're less likely to think ill of them，because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person．The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result．"At the end of body swapping，people feel like holding each other in their arms，"says Arthur Pointeau，a programmer with the project．"It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience．I would really，really recommend it to everyone．"74．The word"swapping"（paragraph 1）is closest in meaning to．A．building B．exchanging C．controlling D．transplanting75．We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that．A．our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB．we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC．participants will live more passionately after the experimentD．The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76．In the Implicit Association Test，before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character，．A．they fought strongly against racismB．they scored lower on the test for racismC．they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD．they were more biased against those unlike them77．It can be concluded from the passage that．A．technology helps people realize their dreamsB．our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC．virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD．our points of view about others need changing constantly．SectionCDirections：Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthef ewestpossiblewords.78．More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility （CSR）．CSR is made up of three broad layers．The most basic is traditional corporate charity work．Companies typically spend about 1% of pre﹣tax profits on worthy projects．But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough．In some companies，shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use，and employees want to be actively involved in good works．Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior．Hence the second layer of CSR，which is a branch of risk management．Starting in the 1980s，with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill，industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation．So，companies often responded by trying to manage the risks．They talk to non﹣governmental organisations （NGOs）and to governments，create codes of conduct （行为准则）and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations．Increasingly，too．they，along with their competitors，set common rules to spread risks．All this is largely defensive，but there are also opportunities for those that getahead of the game．The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR：the idea that it can help to create value．If approached in a strategic way，CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage．That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear．The idea of"doing well by doing good"has become popular．Nevertheless，the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives．Can you measure CSR performance？Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you're your competitors？Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy？Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream．Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities．Done badly，CSR is often just window﹣dressing and can be positively harmful．Done well，though，it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side，a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business．（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS）78．Both in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities．79．Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage．80．With the emphasis on opportunity，the third layer of CSR is meant to．81．According to the passage，"good business"（paragraph 6）means that corporations while making profits．第II卷（共47分）I.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets．82．我习惯睡前听点轻音乐．（accustomed）83．将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己．（be up to）84．没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了．（than）85．家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测．（for fear）86．虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂．（turn）II.GuidedWritingDirections：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowi nChinese.87．学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报．假设你是该校学生程飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点．邮件须包括以下内容：1．你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；2．你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由．2014年上海市高考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析I.ListeningComprehension1．（1分）（2014•上海）A．A policewoman．B．A judge．C．A reporter．D．A waitress．2．（1分）（2014•上海）A．Confident．B．Puzzled．C．Satisfied．D．Worried．3．（1分）（2014•上海）A．At a restaurant．B．At a car rental agency．C．In a bank．D．In a driving school．4．（1分）（2014•上海）A．A disaster．B．A new roof．C．A performance．D．A TV station．5．（1分）（2014•上海）A．Catch the train．B．Meet Jane．C．Get some stationery．D．Clean the backyard．6．（1分）（2014•上海）A．Ask for something cheaper．B．Buy the vase she really likes．C．Protect herself from being hurt．D．Bargain with the shop assistant．7．（1分）（2014•上海）A．Use a computer in the lab．B．Take a chemistry course．C．Help him revise his report．D．Get her computer repaired．8．（1分）（2014•上海）A．Amused．B．Embarrassed．C．Shocked．D．Sympathetic．9．（1分）（2014•上海）A．She doesn't plan to continue studying next year．B．She has already told the man about her plan．C．She isn't planning to leave her university．D．She recently visited a different university．10．（1分）（2014•上海）A．It spoke highly of the mayor．B．It misinterpreted the mayor's speech．C．It made the mayor's view clearer．D．It carried the mayor's speech accurately．11．（3分）（2014•上海）Questions 11through 13are based on the following passage．11．A.70． B.20． C.25． D.75．12．A．The houses there can't be sold．B．It is a place for work and holiday．C．The cabins and facilities are shared．D．It is run by the residents themselves．13．A．A skiing resort．B．A special community．C．A splendid mountain．D．A successful businesswoman．14．（3分）（2014•上海）Questions 14through 16are based on the following news．14．A．Those who often sent text messages．B．Those who suffered from heart disease．C．Those who did no physical exercise．D．Those who were unmarried．15．A．They responded more slowly than usual．B．They sent more messages．C．They typed 10percent faster on average．D．They edited more passages．16．A．Why chemical therapy works．B．Why marriage helps fight cancer．C．How unmarried people survive cancer．D．How cancer is detected after marriage．17．（4分）（2014•上海）Directions：In Section C，you will hear two longer conversations．The conversations will be read twice．After you hear each conversation，you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard．Write your answers on your answer sheet．Blanks 17through 20are based on the following conversation．Complete the form．Write ONE WORD for each answer．21．（4分）（2014•上海）Blanks 21through 24are based on the following conversation．Complete the form．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagesbelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblanksw ithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.25．（2014•上海）My stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university，I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town．So I decided to leave home for New York，（25）where I might have a better chance to find a good job．（26）To earn（earn）some money to pay the daily expenses，I started work in a local café as a waiter．I believed that （27）if I was offered a good position，I would resign at once．Over time，the high cost of living became a little burden on my already （28）exhausted（exhaust）shoulders．On the other hand，my search for a respectable job had not met with much success．As I had studied literature at university，I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies．Mother had said that （29）if I wanted to have a better career advancement，I had to find work in the city．Perhaps，（30）What my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind．I just did as she had expected．Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it．Apparently，I had difficulty （31）adapting（adapt）myself to life in the city，let alone finding a job to my delight．After nine months of frustration．I eventually decided to go back to my small town．Not until I returned （32）did I realise that a quiettown life was the best for me．【分析】文章主要介绍了我在纽约生活所遇到的情况．大学毕业后，我一直无法在我居住的小城找到一份固定的工作，所以我去了纽约，觉得那里有更好的机会找到一份好工作．但实际情况却是，为了支付日常开支，我最初只能在当地的一家咖啡馆当服务员．不过我决定：只要有好的职位，我会立即辞职．一段时间后，纽约生活的高成本让本已因工作疲惫不堪的我更加精疲力竭．另一方面，我想要的体面工作一直没有什么进展．由于我在大学学的是文学，这让我很难在大公司找到一份合适的工作．母亲说过，如果我想有一个好的职业发展，就必须在城里找到一份工作．她的话一直深植在我脑海．很快，我在这个城市已经待了六个多月，但我仍然喜欢不上这座城市，而且我也无法让自己适应纽约这座城市的生活，更不用说找到一份令自己感到快乐的工作．九个月后，我最终决定回到我来的小城，而直到我回来，我才意识到原来安静的小城生活才是最适合我的．【解答】25．答案为where"So I decided to leave home for New York，（25）﹣﹣﹣I might have a better chance to find a good job．"空格前有逗号，逗号前后都是完整句子，这说明其中一个应该是从句，结合该句句意，后一句应该是修饰前一句中New York的定语从句，由于New York是地点，所以空格上所填关系词是where．26．答案为To earn 空格所在部分表示"为了支付日常开支"是一个目的状语，而不定时可以表示目的，所以空格上填To earn27．答案为as soon as/as long as 空格所在句子表达意思为"只要有好的职位，我会立即辞职"故空格上填"as soon as/as long as"用以引导条件状语从句．28．答案为exhausted 空格所填应该修饰后面shoulders，这里要表明作者"感到疲倦的"所以应天过去分词形式exhausted29．答案为if．母亲所说话要表达意思"如果我想有一个好的职业发展，就必须在城里找到一份工作"所以横线上填if30．答案为what 该空格考查主语从句，表达"母亲说的话"故关系词应用what．31．答案为adapting 考查固定搭配have difficulty doing sth．所以adapt。

2014年高考真题——英语（上海卷）（含答案解析）高考真题高考模拟高中联考期中试卷期末考试月考试卷学业水平同步练习2014年高考真题——英语（上海卷）（含答案解析）1 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believe that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently,I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone findinga job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.【答案解析】 25. where 26. To earn 27. as soon as / as long as 28. exhausted 29. if30. what 31. adapting 32. did2 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies.However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far (37)______ (appropriate)In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)______ force village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)______these villages without a local shop.【答案解析】 33. an 34. is equipped35. which 36. myself37. more appropriate 38. has forced 39. urging 40. to3 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. alertB. classifyC. commitD. delicatelyE. gentleF. imposeG. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simplyLet's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food __41__ at the supermarket. Since you really__42__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help__43__some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contextsin which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to__44__healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choosewith__45__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to __46__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __48__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be__49__; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __50__. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.【答案解析】 41. G 42. C 43.I 44. F 45. E 46. B 47. K 48. J 49. A 50. H4 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor RobinDunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates （灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal （有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. Thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret【答案解析】 51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. A56. B 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. C61. D 62. D 63. B 64. B 65. C5Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimpsare friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?【答案解析】 66. D 67. B 68. A 69. A6Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say,a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?70. Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. “This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.【答案解析】 70. C 71.D 72.B 73.A7 If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is ly simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, ______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantly【答案解析】 74.B 75.A 76.D 77.C8 Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation. So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk tonon-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct （行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular. Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questionsto executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.【答案解析】 78. shareholders and employees79. Companies talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments. / Companies create codes of conduct. / Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations. / Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks.80. create value81. take social responsibilities9 Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。

上海市2014届高三英语第五次模拟试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following passage. For some blanks, there is a word given in the brackets. Fill in each of these blanks with the proper form of the given word. Fill in the other blanks with words that are correct in structure and proper in meaning.(A)Mr. Briggs got a job 25 an insurance pany(保险公司) after he left school and went around visiting people in their homes 26 (sell) them life insurance.One day, after he 27 (work) for the pany for about a year, the insurance manager sent for him and said, ―Mr. Briggs, I have been looking 28 your record as a salesman with our pany, and there is one thing 29 surprises me about it. Why have you been selling insurance only to people over 95 years old, and why have you been giving them such generous conditions? You’ll ruin our pany 30 you go on like that. ‖―Oh, no, sir,‖ answered Mr. Briggs at once, ―Before I started work, I looked at the figures(数字) for deaths in this country 31 the past ten years, 32 I can tell you that few people die at the age of 95. ‖(B)He is the man who for many people has been a role model. Now your __33__ (big) hero deserves a special day when you can express your thanks and let him know how important he is to you.The third Sunday of June, ___34__ falls on June 19 this year, is Father’s Day.The idea of Father’s D ay came from ___35___ American woman called Sonora Smart Dodd in 1909. Dodd wanted a special day ____36____( honor) her father. He raised six children by ___37_ after his wife died. Dodd thought there needed to be a day to honor loving dads.The first Father’s Day ___38____(celebrate) on June 19, 1910. In 1924, US President Calvin Coolidge supported the idea of a _____39____ (nation) Father’s Day. Finally, in 1966, President Lyndon Johnson declared the third Sunday of June ___40___ Father’s Day.Here are some ways to show your love and respect:Send him a greeting card. Fathers prefer cards that are not too emotional. So choose one that will make him laugh.If he has a puter, cover his desktop with words like ―I love you，Dad‖.A small present, such as a framed photo of your family, can make him feel like a king.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlyA department store’s inputs include the land upon which the building is located, the labor ofthe employees, (41) ______ in the form of building, equipment and merchandise, and the management skills of the store managers. On a farm, the operation system is the transformation t hat occurs when a farmer’s (42) ______ (land, equipment, labor, etc.) are changed into such outputs as corn, wheat or milk. The exact form of the change process (43) ______ from industry to industry, but it is a(n) (44) ______phenomenon that exists in every industry. Economists refer to this (45) ______ of resources into goods and services as the production function. For all operation systems, the general goal is to create some kind of value-added outputs that are worth more to consumers than just the sum of the inputs. To the consumers, the resulting products (46) ______ use value due to the form, the time, or the place of their availability from the conversion process.However, the process is subject to random changes. Unplanned or uncontrollable influences may cause the actual output to differ from planned output. Random fluctuations can arise from external disruption (fire, floods or lightning, for example) or from (47) ______ problems in the conversion process. Variability of equipment, material imperfections, and human errors all affect output quality differently. In fact, random variations are the rule rather than the exception in production processes; therefore, to (48)____variation becomes a major management task.The function of the feedback is to provide (49) ______ linkages. Without some feedback of information, management personnel cannot (50) operations because they don' t know the results of their directions.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Filling in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It was my first day to Miss Hargrove’s seventh grade. Past ―newcomer‖ experiences had been difficult, so I was very__51__ to fit in. After being introduced to the class, I bravely put on a smile and took my seat.Lunchtime was a pleasant surprise when the girls all crowded around my table. They were friendly, so I began to __52__. My new classmates told me about the school, the teachers and the other kids. They __53__ out the class nerd (书呆子) to me: Mary Lou. She was a pretty girl with dark eyes and olive-skin, __54__ she wore a long woolen skirt and an old-fashioned blouse. She looked stupid. The girls whispered and giggled __55__ Mary Lou walked by. She ate alone.After school, the girls invited me to join them in front of the school. I was thrilled to be a member of the club. We waited. For what, I didn’t know. Then Mary Lou came down the school steps. The girls started making fun of her, shouting rudely, biting comments. I __56__, then joined right in. Mean remarks fell from my lips. No one could __57__ I’d never done this before. The other girls stepped back and started cheering for me. Feeling __58__, I pulled on her backpack and then pushed her. Her backpack broke, Mary Lou fell and I backed off. Everyone was laughing. I __59__ in. I was a leader.I was not proud. Something inside me hurt. If you’ve ever picked a wing off a butterfly, you know how I felt. Mary Lou got up, gathered her books and left without a tear or saying anything. She held her head __60__ as blood ran down from her knee. I __61__ her limp away down the street.I turned to leave with my __62__ friends and noticed a man standing beside his car. He must have been Mary Lou’s father ––– he had the same olive skin, dark hair and handsome look. Heremained still and watched the __63__ girl walk toward him. Only his eyes ––– shining with both sadness and pride ––– followed. As I passed, he looked at me in silence with burning tears that reminded me of my __64_.Mary Lou’s father’s eyes taught me a good lesson that day. I never again hurt someone for my own __65__.51. A. anxious B. excited C. worried D. afraid52. A. talk B. hesitate C. relax D. suspect53. A. picked B. pointed C. worked D. found54. A. because B. so C. and D. but55. A. as B. before C. after D. since56. A. paused B. refused C. hurried D. escaped57. A. tell B. say C. report D. announce58. A. ashamed B. guilty C. encouraged D. powerful59. A. turned B. went C. took D. fitted60. A. cautiously B. casually C. lowly D. high61. A. watched B. noticed C. glared D. glanced62. A. caring B. laughing C. puzzling D. satisfying63. A. silly B. only C. lonely D. friendly64. A. pain B. pity C. weakness D. shame65. A. loss B. gain C. effort D. dutySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Zoe, Damacela, 19, didn't have nice clothes when she was young. It wasn't easy for Zoe’s hard-working single mother to make ends meet. They moved in and out of homeless shelters.Everything changed for Zoe in grade nine. At that time, she heard about a sewing(缝纫) class at her school. She signed up and couldn't wait to turn her designs into clothes. The color of the first dress she made was white-black strips. Soon the clothes she wore were all made by her. Other girls at school loved her designs too. They asked her if they could buy dresses from her. Zoe sold her first dress for $13. Unfortunately, it cost her $25 to make the dress. ―I had the creativity in designs," says Zoe. ―But I really had no idea about business.‖Zoe kept selling the clothes she designed. Her business was booming, and even the girls who had ever teased her became her customers. In the eleventh grade, Zoe took a business class. She learned how to price her clothes so that she could be sure to make a fair profit.Her business teacher suggested she take part in a contest for teenaged entrepreneurs (企业家). The contest was for teens from all over the United States. Zoe sent in her business plan, which explained how she planned to make her pany grow. She won the second prize in the end. Zoe ’s success became a news item. Supermodel Tyra Banks heard about it and she invited Zoe to take part in her TV show. ―Being recognized I felt really unreal,‖says Zoe. Zoe has advice for teens who want to start their own business. ―If you really work hard on it, you will be able to make it happen,‖she says. ―If I can do it, anyone else can.‖66.We can learn that ______ when she was in grade nine.A. Zoe had no interest in designing clothesB. Zoe seldom wore her self-made clothesC. Zoe didn' t know how to make moneyD. Zoe attended a business course67.After winning the contest, Zoe ______A. considered it a rewardB. expected to be knownC. was proud of her own giftD. could hardly believe it68.Zoe advised the teens ______ .A. to make efforts to achieve their dreamsB. to design and make their own clothesC. to try every means to bee famousD. to do whatever they would like to69.What is the main idea of the passage?A. How Zoe learned to design clothes.B. A poor girl achieved success in business.C. How Zoe got a prize in a contest.D. A poor girl was invited to a TV show.(B)Wele to The English Garden Shop.These garden tools are chosen for us by our partners at Quality Garden Tools. All items areHAWS 8.8 LITER PROFESSIONAL LONG REACH CAN GREENA fabulous professional British made watering can in traditional green. TheHaws green 8. 8 liter long reach watering can is given a powder coatedpainted finish for maximum protection. This can is perfectly balanced andthe long spout makes watering the back of beds and borders very easy.Order code: HG88WCARS 1000L LIGHTWEIGHT HEDGE SHEARSThese ARS hedge shears are really difficult to find! Made in Japan, they aresome of the very best available, especially for shaping work. These shearsare lightweight and perfectly balanced for maximum fort. The blades arevery sharp and are made of hard carbon steel. The handles are made ofaluminum for both strength and reducing weight. Length: £Order code: ARSHS-EGworkhorse of the garden. Never bend range; perfect for lots of jobs aroundthe garden. The mirror polished stainless steel head reduces soil adhesionand is rust resistant. The weatherproofed, hardwood handle gives greaterdurability.A. £17. 1.B. £52. 95.C. £69. 95.D. £73. 9.71. If you buy a set of spade and fork, you should fill in the Order code ―______‖.A. BSDTS-EGB. SJSST-EGC. ARSHS-EG and HG88WCD. HG88W and BSDTS-EG72. You don’t have to pay for the postage if you buy ______.A. HAWS LONG REACH CAN GREENB. LIGHTWEIGHT HEDGE SHEARSC DIGGING SPADE & FORK SETD. SPEAR & JACKSON TROWEL73. The underlined word workhorse is closest in meaning with ______.A. makerB. laborerC. speakerD. digger(C)American researchers found females are the more talkative sex because of a special ―language protein‖ in the brain.The study, conducted by neuroscientists(神经学家) and psychologist from the University of Maryland, concluded that women talked more because they had more of the Foxp2 protein. The research, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, found that higher levels were found among humans that were women but in rats that were males. Their findings came after it was previously claimed that ladies speak about 20,000 words a day – over 13,000 more than men. "This study is one of the first to report a sex difference in the expression of a language-associated protein in humans or animals,‖ said Prof Margaret McCarthy, who led the study. In their study, the researchers attempted to determine what might make male rats more vocal than their female friends.They separated four-day-old rats from their mothers and then counted the number of times they cried out in the ―ultrasonic range‖, the frequencies higher than humans can hear, over five minutes. While both sexes called out hundreds of cries, the males called out twice as often, they found. But when the pups were returned to their mother’s cage, she fussed over her sons first. Tests conducted on the parts of the brain known to be associated with vocalcalls showed the male pups have up to twice as much Foxp2 protein as the females. The researchers then increased the production in the brains of female pups and reduced it in males. This led to the female rats crying out more often and their mothers showing more interest to them. In contrast, males became less―talkative‖.The researchers then tested samples from ten children, aged between three and five, which showed that females had up to 30 per cent more of the Foxp2 protein than males, in a brain area key to language in humans.―Based on our observations, we assume higher levels of Foxp2 in girls and higher levels of Foxp2 in male rats is an indication that Foxp2 protein levels are associated with the more municative sex,‖ said Prof McCarthy."Our results imply Foxp2 as a ponent of the neurobiological basis of sex differences in vocal munication in mammals."74. From the second paragraph, we can learn that ________.A. women always speak more words than menB. men and male rats have low levels of language proteinC. women and male rats have similar levels of Foxp2D. McCarthy isn’t the first to find females more talkative75. The underlined phrase ―fussed over‖ in the third paragraph probably means______.A. paid attention toB. related toC. put pressure onD. counted on76. The researchers carried out the experiments on rats in order to _______.A. test which part of the brain is key to language in rats and humansB. prove the levels of Foxp2 protein in humans and rats are differentC. determine the reason why female rats are more talkative than male ratsD. discover the association between Foxp2protein and vocal munication77. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Tests on humans and ratsB. Why women are the talkative sexC. Sex differences in Foxp2 proteinD. Foxp2 protein determines oral abilitySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they' 11 change America. Rightly so. But selfishly. I' m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world' s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we' re all hot-tempered single mothers who can' t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can' t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic （酗酒的）mothers.These images have helped define the way all black women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.It won't be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they' d like to see Michelle bring to the White House——mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone——an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise（沉着）. Confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that' s been around for far too long. (No more than 10 words)78. Why dose Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author？79. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author？80. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady？81. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do？第II卷(共45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷一、语法填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Trouble with FriendsOn a daily basis, I teach kids. 1 “kids”, I mean teens to college- age, sometimes mid -twenties. Kids talk a lot about their friends, but don’t usually talk about their families. Sometimes I’m taken completely by surprise when, months into our knowing each other, a student mentions 2 (have) a twin. I suppose hearing the constant chatter about friends has made me consider my own, and how hard it can be 3 (maintain) these bonds as an adult. Mostly, what I notice is that I lose more friends than I make.An obvious reason for that is marriage. Friends get married and their spouses become their 4 (close) friends. My husband is now the person I spend the most time with. I tell him everything because I trust him with my thoughts, 5 stupid they may be. I used to be the same way with friends, but when I tell friends something now, I must accept the possibility that they will tell their spouses, 6 I’m friendly but not friends. A friendship is truly strained when you don’t like the spouse. Sometimes this new person is so far removed from 7 you imagined for your friend that you wonder if you knew your friend at all.After marriage, a friend who used to discuss things with you stops doing so, and 8 (update) you only on definitive good news, never the bad, the ugly, or the in- progress. She saves all of that for her partner. In other words, you’re no longer included in the problem- solving. Of course, some matters belong first to the marriage: the stuff of intimacy, finance, family. Increasingly, my friends leave me out of these big conversations, and vice versa, but when 9 outcome is certain, we do update one another, which reminds us that we’re still friends, but with the friendship 10 (reduce) to a PowerPoint.二、选词填空Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dupes are wearing out Lululemon AthleticaDupes are the products that cost less than the premium (高端的) versions but are of similar style and quality. Less expensive versions of premium products have become a(n) 11 alternative, particularly for younger shoppers.That is becoming a problem for Lululemon Athletica, the company that 12 high-end sportswear and made $100 leggings the norm.“The brand logo doesn’t hold as much appeal as it used to,” said Mikayla Kitsopoulos, a 22- year- old college student. “Finding 13 is the new status symbol.” When Kitsopoulos was in high school, she wore Lululemon leggings, which cost about $100. Now, she buys her leggings on Amazon for about $30. She said the quality and fit is almost 14 , so why pay more?The heightened competition comes as Lululemon has made a series of 15 that have turned off even some of its most devoted fans. Not long ago, it removed a new type of leggings from its stores and website after customers complained about the fit. Other mistakes have included a color palette that was too 16 and not having enough of some products such as smaller size leggings. The misfires have pushed people such as Natalie Assink to 17 seek out different brands. The20-year-old college student said she switched from Lululemon to Gymshark and AYBL not just because their leggings cost less, but also because they have more color varieties.Buying cheaper versions of premium products isn’t new. Boasting about it is. Ellyn Briggs, Moring Consult’s brands analyst, 18 the growing popularity of dupes to inflation but also to the rise of social media. The No. I reason people said they bought dupes was to save money, according to Morning Consult’s survey. They also wanted to test out whether the cheaper versions were as good as the premium 19 and then post about them on TikTok or other platforms. “It’s more than just a transaction,” Briggs said. “They want to share the fact that they have 20a success.”三、完形填空People’s relationship with work is complex and complicated. 21 complaining about the boredom and bureaucracy, the power-crazed bosses and disobedient colleagues, individuals need the security of a job. A century of research has shown that 22 is bad for mental health, leading to depression, anxiety and reduced self-esteem.On average, it has an even greater effect than divorce. But how much work do you need to do? A recent paper by the Centre for Business Research at Cambridge University found that people working reduced working hours or being 23 do not have poorer mental health. What was particularly surprising is how little work was needed to keep people happy. The threshold for good mental health was just one day a week — after that, it seemed to make little difference to individuals’ well-being if they worked eight hours or 48 hours a week. The 24 from working clearly comes from the feeling of purpose, from the social status it creates and from the camaraderie of colleagues engaged in the same tasks.A little bit of work may be 25 , but too much is not. An enterprising junior analyst at Goldman Sachs recently surveyed his 26 . The survey found those first-year analysts had worked an average 98 hours a week since the start of 2021, and only managed five hours of sleep a night. It found that 77% of them had been the subject of 27 , that 75% had sought, or considered seeking counselling, and that, on average, they had suffered sharp declines in mental and physical health.Nevertheless, the general reaction to the story was remarkably 28 . In some people’s eyes, the young analysts should have expected to be 29 in such a fashion; after all, that is why they were being paid so well. The well-experienced analysts of the investment-banking industry thought “It was the same in my day. Never did me any harm.” 30 , it is still hard to see why young analysts should expect to suffer. They joined a bank, not the Mafia.Nor does it make much 31 sense to have employees working so long that they only get to sleep five hours a night. They can hardly be operating 32 when they are dog-tired. That junior professional staff have always worked long hours is not a good explanationfor 33 stress on young people at the start of their careers. It smacks of the legendary navy motto: “The beatings will continue until morale improves.”Clearly, economy cannot 34 if everyone works one day a week. The need to limit excessive working hours was realised back in Victorian times. For much of the 20th century the length of the average working week fell while output continued to climb.There will be occasions when people have to work late or rise early to finish a project. Day after day, however, a long-hours lifestyle is bad for workers’ health. Some organizations may see the 35 for work as a sign of an employee’s willingness to put their job ahead of their families and friends. If so, they don’t need to have better employees. They need better managers. 21．A．With B．Despite C．Against D．Like 22．A．unemployment B．divorce C．complaint D．prosecution 23．A．employed B．suspended C．criticized D．motivated 24．A．secrets B．fatigue C．boost D．assignment 25．A．stressful B．helpless C．creative D．satisfying 26．A．peers B．superiors C．relatives D．advocates 27．A．workplace abuse B．racial discrimination C．cyber bullyingD．peer pressure28．A．predictable B．inevitable C．normal D．unsympathetic 29．A．accommodated B．treated C．paid D．fired 30．A．Conversely B．Therefore C．However D．Likewise 31．A．education B．medicine C．fitness D．business 32．A．at full efficiency B．at a loss C．in others’ shoesD．in low spirits33．A．relieving B．piling C．blaming D．experimenting 34．A．contract B．collapse C．prosper D．recover 35．A．appetite B．gift C．excuse D．strategy四、阅读理解This year, my two oldest sons asked me to sign them up for piano lessons. For certainreasons, I decided it would also be a good time for me to take up the piano again, after 30 years.As a child, I learned not just the piano, but the cello. I played in two orchestras and sang in the school choir. No one forced me to do any of it, but it wasn’t quite a free choice either. When you are the approval-addicted daughter of an over-invested mother, no one needs to apply force. My mom and I were well matched partners in the dance of unspoken expectation and approval-seeking. I did her forcing for her.For my mother, my musical industriousness wasn’t so much about achievement as identity. She was American by birth, and after marrying my university professor father and moving to London, she spent a decade working to be accepted into the impatient, fraught world of British intellectual society.In this environment, a diligent daughter lugging a giant cello was a tiny amount of cultural capital, a ticket to belonging. As much as anything could, music made me into the person my mother needed me to be, so that she could be the person she needed to be, in order to escape who she actually was.And for my part, although I never truly believed that my mother’s love was conditional, I did have the suspicion that there was a performance- related bonus in there.It was foolish to think that taking up the piano at the same time as my own children would be emotionally uncomplicated. Or perhaps the complication was exactly why I sought it out. Somehow, the piano lessons turn me into both my childhood self, seeking my mother’s approval, and into my mother herself, putting the same high expectations on my own children.My mother was lucky in that I was temperamentally (性情地) suited to the role she assigned me. My sons are not so much so. They are rambunctious and restless, not wired for lengthy sessions of sitting still and reflecting well on me.Unconditional love may be at the defining heart of parenthood, but sometimes it can feel impossible to accommodate unconditional love to the worldly practices of day- to- day parenting. The whole job seems set up for conditionality: It would be dishonest to pretend that we have no stake in wanting our children to reflect our own values and preferences.I’m disappointed when my sons won’t play their role in the script I have written for them, but deep down, I’m also a little thrilled. They are maddeningly, gloriously resistant to the pressure.A secret part of me is delighted by their raging demands for full personhood -beyond myprojections and hopes and fears. By the life they claim.36．The underlined sentence in paragraph two means ______.A．The author demanded to learn musical instruments out of pure love.B．The author forced her mum to sign her up for piano lessons against her will.C．The author’s mom pushed her to learn musical instruments for her own sake.D．The author offered to learn musical instruments to obtain her mom’s approval.37．The author’s mother think of the author’s musical industriousness as ______.A．a symbol more of family achievement than of social identityB．a way for her to fit into the British intellectual society at that timeC．proof of her ability to be a qualified mother in front of her husbandD．a result of her selfless cultivation more than the author’s own diligence38．Which of the following is TRUE from the author’s perspective?A．She doesn’t care about her sons’ levels of playing musical instruments.B．She has a mixed feeling towards her sons’ reluctance to practise musical instruments.C．She feels sorrowful because her sons are unlikely skilled at playing musical instruments.D．She is still convinced that her sons could be as talented on musical instruments as she was. 39．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A．Can Musical Talents Really be Inherited?B．Can We Really Force Our Children to Love Music?C．Can We Really Love Our Children Unconditionally?D．Can Playing Instruments Help Us Fit into Intellectual Society?Universal Studios SingaporeHave your fun multiplies across 6 themed zones.Universal Studios Singapore is Southeast Asia’s first and only Universal Studios theme park. Transported by adrenaline- pumping rides, you can enjoy interactive shows and a wide variety of exciting attractions based on the blockbuster movies and television series you know and love sowell. Welcome in and enjoy the ride!Rides and ShowsOperating hours may be subject to changes without prior notice. Street entertainment and selected experiences will not be available until further notice. Please click here to view the Rider’s Guide for Rider Safety and Guest with Disabilities.S. E. A．AquariumExplore the wonders of the oceans’ diverse inhabitantsand how to protect marine life.S. E. A．Aquarium is one of the world’s largest aquariums, home to more than 100,000 marine animals representing 1,000 species across more than 40 diverse habitats. The vast array of aquatic life is complemented by interactive programs, up- close animal encounters and immersive learning journeys to inspire visitors to protect the world’s oceans. S. E. A．Aquarium will be closed every Tue and Wed from 1 Jul to 31 Aug, 2 and 3 Sep, plus every Tue and Wed from 9 Sep to 30 Nov 2024. On 9 Sep, kindly be advised that S. E. A．Aquarium will be closed at 2:00 PM for the Teyvat SEA Exploration media preview. We seek your kind understanding for any inconvenience caused.Before Visit AdvisoryWe encourage cashless payments. Tap and pay with your contactless cards or digital wallets at our attractions, hotels and RWS- owned dining establishments.TicketsLatest ticket price is available in Booking page. Please click here.Adventure Cove Waterpark“Water” way to play!From thrilling water slides full of high- speed twists and turns to appealing wonders of different coves, there’s an experience waiting just for you at Adventure Cove Waterpark. For the ultimate adrenaline seeker, Riptide Rocket is an irresistible pull and on the opposite side of it is the calming trip down Adventure River.Note:Adventure Cove Waterpark will be closed on September 15 for a private event. We appreciate your understanding and apologize for any inconvenience this may cause. We look forward to welcoming you soon.Important InformationIn the event of unpleasant weather, all outdoor attractions will be suspended for your safety. Most water attractions are physically demanding and is not recommended for pregnant mothers.No outside food and beverages will be permitted. Please click here for more information of accepted swimwear prior to your visit.40．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A．The S. E. A．Aquarium accepts only cash payments for tickets and dining.B．Three attractions are friendly for all guests even those who have been pregnant.C．Universal Studios Singapore has 6 zones themed on famous films and TV series.D．Adventure Cove Waterpark is open every day without exception throughout the year. 41．Lydia, a fan of adventure but hates getting wet, is planning for a day trip on Thursday September 15th. The most suitable attraction for her is ______.A．Universal Studios Singapore B．S. E. A．AquariumC．Adventure Cove Waterpark D．Riptide Rocket42．Where can you most probably find this passage?A．The official website of a resort.B．A travel magazine.C．The newspaper’s entertainment section.D．An update on social media.JULY 19TH was a day for help- desk heroes. A routine software update by CrowdStrike, a cyber- security company, caused computer breakdown in offices, hospitals and airports worldwide. Most white- collar workers looked miserably at their screens and realised just how useless they are if they cannot log in. People in IT came to the rescue of helpless colleagues and stranded passengers. Their work that day was full of stress— but also full of meaning.If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail, what about when they work properly? This is not a meaningless question. Technologies tend to spread in less dramatic ways, task by task rather than role by role. Before machines replace individuals, they change the nature of the work they do.A recent paper, from Milena Nikolova and Femke Cnossen looked at the prevalence of robots in industrial settings and how that affected workers. Robots reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board, regardless of age, gender, skills and the type of work. In theory, machines can free up time for more interesting tasks; in practice, they seem to have had the opposite effect.In a separate paper, Ms Nikolova and Anthony Lepinteur of the University of Luxembourg,explore why this might be. They find that industrial robots make jobs less physically exhausting. But the number of tasks that remain open to humans decreases, hurting both the variety of work and people’s understanding of the production process. Work becomes more routine, not less.Machines need not have a dulling effect. In their research Ms Nikolova and her co- authors found that people did not perceive a loss of autonomy if they were working with computers, where they have more control of the machine than the other way round. And automation may well have a different impact on service industries like health caro, where less time spent on manual work might indeed mean more time with patients.A paper from 2011 by Michael Barrett of the University of Cambridge found that the introduction of drug- dispensing robots into hospital pharmacies had different effects. Pharmacists felt the quality of their jobs had improved because they had more time for patient counselling. Pharmacy assistants had a more miserable time of it, however, as their role shrank to loading medicine into the machines.It is still too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work. Some will surely enjoy using a bot to brainstorm ideas and take care of boring tasks, while others may not. The thing for managers to remember is that machines can make employees feel differently about their work. So it matters whether new technologies are introduced in collaboration with employees or imposed from above, and whether they enhance or weaken their sense of competence.43．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the first and second paragraphs?A．Machines can sometimes add more purposes to jobs when they fail.B．Technologies typically spread across entire roles, replacing workers in one go.C．Potential demerits of introducing machines in the workplace have been recorded.D．A cyber- security company caused technological faults on purpose when testing thesoftware.44．What’s the conclusion of Ms Nikolova’s research in industrial settings?A．Workers feel more autonomous and in control when working with robots.B．Machines reduce the sense of purpose in human workers’ jobs in reality.C．Industrial robots replace human workers, eliminating their tasks and roles.D．Automation facilitates manual labor, increasing the variety of tasks.45．We can infer from Barrett’s research that ______.A．the introduction of robots leads to a decrease in job quality for all hospital staffB．when robots are introduced, staff tend to feel more satisfied regardless of their rolesC．in the same department, workers in different positions can feel differently to automation D．in some occupational areas, automation does constantly reduce the perceivedmeaningfulness46．Which of the following studies will others in the last paragraph cite as their evidence?A．A paper from Boris Nikolaev illustrates that many employees put a higher premium on non- monetary than monetary rewards.B．Research by Pok Man Tang of the University of Georgia suggests that workers whointeract more with AI assistants feel lonelier and long for more social contact.C．A recent Federal Reserve discussion paper surveyed American workers who had switched jobs; they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits.D．An experiment conducted by Eugina Leung states that a technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine; one that threatens your sense of identity is not.How Many Devices Are You Wearing?The classic nightmare of suddenly realizing you are naked in public could soon get a futuristic twist: it might involve the horror of losing not just your modesty but also your pass codes. Scientists recently created magnetic garments that they say can store data, automatically unlock doors or control a nearby smartphone with gesture. The concept of interactive “smart clothing” has drawn attention in the past couple of years. 47 This and other smart garments are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electronic device. To eliminate the need for such devices, researchers at the University of Washington recently took advantage of what is a previously untapped property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized. “Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread may seem like a small difference, but it is what makes this work interesting and exciting,” says Chris Harrison, a computer scientist at Carnegie Mellon University. 48The Washington team magnetized a patch of fabric embroidered with conductive thread, giving different parts of the cloth a north or south orientation that correspond to binary 1’s or0’. This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different combinations — such as passcodes for doors — on a shirt sleeve. 49 The team described its findings last October at a meeting of the Association for Computing Machinery.The garments still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not escape time’s eraser; after about a week, the threads’ magnetic fields had weakened by around30 percent.50 But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing temporary codes, such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores. Harrison says that it is “very unlikely you are ever going to achieve a comparable density to magnetic hard drives” with data-storing fabric, however.A．Custom- made thread has thus been designed so that the clothes are enabled to work longer. B．For example, Google and Levi’s created a touch- sensitive jacket that can operate a smartphone. C．Turning wearables into storage devices with the new technique was a unique thing the researchers bad done.D．The researchers suggest that using custom- made thread designed to hold stronger magnetic fields might work longer.E．The new technique allowed the researchers to do something they say is unique among wearables: turn them into storage devices.F．They also created magnetic gloves that could control a nearby smartphone with gestures.五、书面表达51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Work is just meeting nowIn 2016, a group of work researchers calculated that time spent in meetings had increased by 50 percent since the 1990s. Many workers were spending so much time in meetings, taking calls, and combing through their inbox that their most “critical work” often had to wait until they were home. Wall- to- wall meetings from 9 to 5 were pushing any creative or individual work to some period after dinner.In 2022, Microsoft researchers published a study that anonymously tracked workers using the company’s software. They discovered that about one-third of the workers in their study wereas likely to work at 10 p. m. as they were at 8 a. m. The reason? When the pandemic sent knowledge workers home, official meetings replaced casual interactions and made it impossible for many people to get things done unless they found time to log back online after dinner. In further research, Microsoft has found that, since 2020, workers in their sample have tripled the time they spent in meetings.If someone had to defend this phenomenon, they might point out that as firms grow, they accumulate bureaucratic habits. Departments are born, and workers within those departments develop expertise that is alien to people just down the hall. Working across these divisions requires that people spend more time getting to know and understand what their colleagues- are doing.Recent cultural changes might also be driving the surge in meeting times. In the last few years, the business world has focused much more on inclusion— letting more people’s voices be heard in decision- making. A business culture that allows more people to say their piece is one that requires people to spend more time listening to other people talk. In some decisions, that might be appropriate. At extremes, an office that requests more input is an office where talking about work can disturb efficient decision making.Today, knowledge work is, quantitatively speaking, less about creating new things than it is about talking about those things. Luckily, artificial-intelligence tools have the potential for eliminating unnecessary meetings and allowing people to focus on their work— or, even better, to cut hours of meetings that they can instead devote to leisure._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________六、翻译52．过去80年，浦江沿岸经历了翻天覆地的变化。

上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高三英语3月检测英语试题一、语法填空Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Animal-rights activists often complain that cute beasts get more sympathy than ugly ones. If so, one would think a lovely creature like the mink (貂) would be easy to protect. Yet in the Netherlands, mink is the only animal 1 can still legally be farmed for their fur. That is about to change. On August 28th the government brought forward to this year a ban 2 mink-farming that had been scheduled to take effect in 2025. The timetable was sped up not because mink had become more adorable, 3 because they can contract COVID-19 and spread it to humans.Dutch farmers normally raised about 2.5 million minks a year, 4 (make) the Netherlands the world’s fourth-largest producer after Denmark, China and Poland. In April, a couple of minks and the farm hands who tended them 5 (diagnose) with COVID-19. Genetic tracing showed that at least two workers had probably been infected by mink, rather than the other way around. The affected animals were destroyed and stricter hygiene rules were imposed, but by summer the virus had spread to a third of the country’s farms.That was a win for the Netherland’s Party for the Animals, which has four seats in the 150-member parliament. In 2013, 6 helped pass the law that gave mink farmers until 2025 to get out of the business. Some members of parliament claim that the compensation 7 (pay) for destroying the infected minks was higher than the market price for their fur.Fur farmers say modern standards allow minks to be raised humanely, and 8 they are not a big reason for the spread of the virus. But minks tend to live by themselves instead of living in groups; animal-rights advocates say they cannot be raised humanely in small cages. As for COVID-19, the worry is 9 mink could serve as a medium for it to attack human immunization (免疫) programs. The industry’s value is modest, and polls show the public overwhelmingly opposes it. “In a democratic country, that widespread belief 10 translateinto a political decision to ban fur farming,” says Esther Ouwehand, leader of the Party for the Animals. The farmers accept they are shutting down. The remaining argument is over money.二、选词填空Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Using animals to test drugs intended for humans is controversial, with critics arguing there are other ways to ensure new medicines are safe and effective. But the scientists who carry out the research say animal studies remain necessary. Statistics indicate that in the UK around three million mice are being used for research and tens of millions worldwide.Despite the difference in appearances, the genetic similarities with humans are 11 . The mouse genome (基因组) shares over 95% of its genes with humans. The animal acts as a “model”, genetically 12 to develop a human disease. But the use of mice, like any animal, in research is criticized by some.Animal Defenders International (ADI) is one of the groups that campaigns for an end to the use of animals in research. “We would argue that it is extremely outdated, and not very good science for humans,” says Fleur Dawes of ADI. Ms. Dawes believes the suffering that the animals go through does not legalize their 13 to science and medicine for humans.” There is a big problem with that because there are huge differences between the species. And even though there are similarities with humans and mice, they react very differently to each other when experimented on. So what works in one animal is not an indication that that is how things work in other animals.”However, Dr. Wells from Mary Lyon Centre (MLC) says they are constantly trying to 14 the process to reduce the suffering of mice.” If it’s a procedure where you can anaesthetize (麻醉) the mice, then you do it to reduce their stress. And if there is a (n) 15 method that doesn’t involve mice, you are not legally and normally allowed to do the procedure.”If we 16 animal research, are there alternatives? Dr. Wells says, “There is a massive field 17 on alternatives, and we are very supportive of that field and we always keep track of what is going on in that field, because maybe we can replace one of our models. “Those alternatives include chips on human organs to study their function, micro-dosing treatments in humans and 18 models.” Lots of people say that there is a computer now to model what is going to happen in diseases,” Dr. Wells adds, “But we still don’t know enough to program those computers with 19 knowledge to be able to model what’s happening in every disease.”Fleur Dawes agrees one alternative is not enough. But she says, “By combining the different alternatives, you can actually get a much better picture that is of much better 20 to humans.”三、完形填空When we talk about healthy brain ageing we are really discussing one of two things: how to minimise ongoing damage to the hardware of the brain, mostly by keeping its blood supply as good as possible; or how to improve the operation of the brain’s software. Many ways of doing this have been suggested, but few have 21 weight behind them. There is currently no magic bullet to protect the brain, but one area that has been best researched, and about which we can say with reasonable 22 , “this will help”, is mental activity.There is plenty of evidence that older people who stay mentally active, by learning a new language, doing crosswords or taking part in other 23 challenging activities, preserve full cognitive function for longer. They have spent more time doing cognitively demanding activities over a lifetime, and they are, to some extent, buffered (缓冲) from the 24 effects of brain ageing and degenerative (退行性的) diseases. We call this buffer “cognitive reserve”—a(n) 25 reservoir of brain function that can 26 from the consequences of brain damage, allowing us to continue to perform well. 27 , people with a higher IQ, longer education or cognitively challenging employment have been found to have a(n) 28 risk of developing dementia. This is despite the fact that their brains actually show normal amounts of age-and disease-related 29 .In fact, studies have found that people with higher cognitive reserve who do get dementiaexhibit less severe symptoms even when they have more brain damage than those with lower cognitive reserve.Yet there’s still much to discover about the 30 of cognitive reserve for optimising the brain’s resilience. The more we understand about its role in protecting our brain and how to boost our reserve, the more effective we will be in designing 31 to keep the human brain healthier for longer.The good news is that cognitive reserve isn’t 32 to those who have the IQ of a genius or who’ve devoted their life to theoretical physics. We think it can be 33 throughout life for everyone. 34 , taking part in cognitively challenging activities, learning new skills and continuing to “use it or lose it” probably apply no matter how old you are. Crucially, it’s never too late to 35 .21．A．traditional B．scientific C．cultural D．decisive 22．A．magic B．suggestions C．assistance D．confidence 23．A．physically B．spiritually C．intellectually D．literally 24．A．physical B．mental C．mysterious D．emotional 25．A．under-developed B．back-up C．all-roundD．large-scale26．A．originate B．separate C．suffer D．protect27．A．In addition B．By contrast C．In other words D．For example 28．A．higher B．extra C．lower D．potential 29．A．damage B．upset C．frustration D．progress 30．A．potential B．love C．ambition D．need 31．A．regulations B．interventions C．products D．theories 32．A．tough B．expensive C．exclusive D．superior 33．A．coped with B．taken in C．carried out D．built up 34．A．Furthermore B．Therefore C．However D．Instead 35．A．learn B．challenge C．start D．persist四、阅读理解The train was at a standstill, some twenty minutes outside Kolkata, when an unexpected stroke of luck presented Piya with an opportunity to go for a seat beside a window for some fresh air. She had been sitting in the stuffiest part of the train compartment, on the edge of a bench: now, moving to the open window, she saw that the train had stopped at a station called Champahati.Looking over her shoulder, Piya spotted a tea-seller on the platform. Reaching through the bars of the window, she called him with a wave. She had never cared for the kind of chai, Indian tea, sold in Seattle, her hometown in the USA, but somehow, in the ten days she had spent in India she had developed an unexpected taste for milky, overboiled tea served in earthenware cups. There were no spices in it for one thing, and this was more to her taste than the chai at home.She paid for her tea and was trying to get in the cup through the bars when the man in the seat opposite her own suddenly turned over a page, jolting her hand. She turned her wrist quickly enough to make sure that most of the tea spilled out of the window, but she could not prevent some from spilling over his papers.“Oh, I’m so sorry!” Piya was very embarrassed: of everyone in the compartment, this was the last person she would have chosen to injure with her tea. She had noticed him while waiting on the platform in Kolkata and she had been struck by the self-satisfied tilt of his head and the way in which he stared at everyone around him, taking them in, sizing them up, sorting them all into their places.“Here,” said Piya, producing a handful of tissues. “Let me help you clean up.”“There’s nothing to be done,” he said testily (暴躁地). “These pages are ruined anyway.”For a moment she considered pointing out that it was he who had knocked her hand. But all she could bring herself to say was, “I’m very sorry. I hope you’ll excuse me.”“Do I really have a choice?” he said. “Does anyone have a choice when they’re dealing with Americans these days?”Piya had no wish to get into an argument so she let this pass. Instead, she opened her eyes wide and, in an attempt to restore peace, came out with, “But how did you guess?”“About what?”“About my being American? You’re very observant.”This seemed to do the trick. His shoulders relaxed as he leaned back in his seat. “I didn’tguess,” he said. “I knew.”36．In the first paragraph, Piya was relieved when she got a window seat because it meantthat_________.A．there was more room for her luggageB．she no longer had to suffer from a lack of airC．there was less chance that she would miss her stopD．she didn’t have to stand for the rest of the train journey37．Piya found that the tea or chai she had drunk in India ________.A．was disappointingly weak in taste B．reminded her of her home in SeattleC．would have tasted better if served fresh D．was preferable to the chai she had had before 38．When Piya first saw the man she thought that ________.A．he was someone who was observant of surroundingsB．he seemed to think he was better than other peopleC．he had tried to keep his distance from his fellow passengersD．he had been looking for someone he knew on the station platform39．Piya asked “But how did you guess?” in order to _________.A．find out what the man really thought about AmericansB．try to calm the situation down by starting a conversationC．ensure the man realized that she had apologizedD．make sure the man knew he was being rudeDay 1: Depart UKDays 2-5: Singapore Enjoy a city tour including Merlion Park, Marina Bay, and fabulous gardens. As an alternative, you may choose to stop in Dubai at no extra cost.Days 6-11:Melbourne Visit Victoria Markets and Federation Square. Perhaps take an optional excursion to explore Fairy Penguin Parade.Day 12-14:The Ghan Experience one of the world’s most impressive rail journeys. Covering 1,555 kilometres, we see the everchanging landscape as we journey north. Enjoy all inclusive Gold Service with on board meals included as are a wide selection of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks.Day 15-17: Uluru (Ayers Rock) We enjoy a refreshing glass of sparkling wine and witness the changing colours as the sun sets. There is a chance to explore the rock in the morning, before visiting the impressive Olgas.Days 18-21: Cairns & The Great Barrier Reef Dive in the sheltered corallake and view the reef from underwater observatory. Lunch is included. Optional tours on our Freedom Days in Cairns include a scenic railway journey to Kuranda, and a day trip to the nearby World Heritage listed Daintree Rainforest.Day 22: Arrive UK We arrive at your chosen airport, bringing an end to our incredible adventure.Departure DatesStopoverOffer PricePer PersonAvailability28 Jul 2024-£5,8957 Rooms06 Oct 2024£29pp£6,495New Date10 Nov 2024£29pp£6,495New Date23 Feb 2025£29pp£6,495New Date08 Mar 2025£29pp£6,495New Date05 Apr 2025£29pp£6,245New Date26 Jul 2025£29pp£6,795New Date40．If Karen is addicted to railway journeys, ________ are most likely to be her favourites.A．Cairns and the GhanB．Uluru and MelbourneC．Melbourne and the GhanD．Cairns and the Great Barrier Reef41．If you have decided to join the tour, which of the following statements is true?A．You may be charged an extra £349 in total for daily breakfasts.B．You will enjoy a day trip to Daintree Rainforest, a world heritage.C．You may choose to stop in both Singapore and Dubai at no extra cost.D．You will be offered a meal with drinks when heading north by train in the Ghan.42．If Jonathan and his two male friends, who have booked the travel, will depart UK on April 5th, 2025, with a two-night stopover in Bangkok, then at least how much will they have to pay for the whole trip in total?A．£17,791B．£18,822C．£18,841D．£19,572What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills. Our problems are structural, and will take many years to solve.But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak (暗淡的) view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. Saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise, but it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursuing real solutions.The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states, with a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now.Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is “unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.” A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a financial stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs — and suddenly industry was eager to employ those “unadaptable and untrained” workers.But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling (损害) our economy and society.So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills; we’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.43．What does the author think of the experts’ claim concerning unemployment?A．Self-evident.B．Thought-provoking.C．Groundless.D．Objective. 44．What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?A．The booming defense industry.B．The wise heads’ benefit package.C．Nationwide training of workers.D．Thorough restructuring of industries. 45．What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?A．Economists, failure to detect the problems in time.B．Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.C．Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.D．Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.46．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A．To confirm the experts’ analysis of America’s problems.B．To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemploymentC．To show the urgent need for the government to take action.D．To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later,in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”, rather, they learn over time that such statements appease (安抚) parents and friends and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.47 It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary feelings that may be advantageous in one context and may be harmful in another.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to correct errors and fix relationships. 48 It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can control their impulses. 49In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, aged 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions (违背) . Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. 50 The guilt-prone ones shared more. However, they may not magically have become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news.” Malti says, “We can be pro-social because of the empathetic proclivity (倾向) , or because we caused harm and we feel regret.”A．And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.B．The main reason why guilt works comes down to simple psychology and conditioning we receive as children.C．For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how likely they were to feel guilty.D．Guilt is an incredibly powerful emotion which has slip by unnoticed for long.E．In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad reputation.F．Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together.五、书面表达51．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要．Cashless Society, Good or Evil？Can we do without cash? Since 2015, digital payments in the UK have outnumbered those in cash, and we are invited by the great and the good to cheer this on. The fully cashless era will be magnificently convenient, they say, with goods delivered to the door; no fumbling for change just tap and go. Some London branches of several chains don't accept cash any more. Businesses and banks want to abolish cash because they have fears of the black market and tax avoidance Yet we should worry about the death of cash, because physical money possesses worth far above its face value.Actual physical money, in the hand, teaches us its true value. With cash, what you see is what you have. Exchanging it demands personal engagement and oils the wheels of a community.In a shop, the exchange of cash takes time: it involves eye meeting eye. By contrast, a cashless society is a joyless one. A digital touch payment is done in a flash: no human interaction necessary. Digital self-service is cold when you are staring silently at your electronic device.Besides, cash is a great leveler (使人人平等的事). Every penny, pound and banknote sits the same in every hand, identical in value and appearance. Moreover, a pocketful of change is like a gallery or a museum. The roses, ostrich feathers and lions on the coins reveal the history that shaped the United Kingdom. It is really crazy to give up on cash.We are told digital payment is a welcome liberation from the shackles (束缚) of cash, but digital payments actually restrict the reach of money. It requires a combination of factors like Wi-Fi, battery power and phones. Worse still, the lack of cash means even the most fundamental aspects of etiquette (礼仪) are under pressure. Tipping in restaurants is changing beyond recognition. Insimpler times, any amount of cash, warmly generous or pointedly small could be left as a reward. In the digital age, any extra money transferred to the restaurant account may never reach the staff pocket._________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______六、翻译52．相关部门报道转基因食品能在一定程度上解决全球粮食短缺问题。