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英语第一部分:英语知识运用（共四节,满分55分）第一节语音知识(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)从每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中,找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
1. regardA. designB. gentleC. collegeD. forget2. refuseA. discussB. rudeC. focusD. excuse3. chargeA. toothacheB. machine C search D. Christian4. fieldA. quietB. pieceC. friendD. experience5. tapesA. potatoesB. speechesC. cakesD. Bridges第二节情景对话(共5小題;每小题1分，满分5分)根据对话情景和内容，从对话后所给的选项中选出能填人每一空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
选项中有两个为多余选项。
Repairman: Good afternoon. 6Customer: Hello. My mobile phone isn’t working. Could you repair, pleaseRepairman: 7Customer: It worked well yesterday, but I simply c ouldn’t tum it on this morning.Repairman: 8Customer: Here you are.Repairman: Well，I think we，11 be able to fix it. You can pick it up this Friday.Customer: Oh, no. That’s too long. 9 I need it as soon as possible.Repairman: 10 What time?Customer: Let me see. How about Wednesday afternoon?Repairman: After five o’clockCustomer: Ok. Thank you.A. That’s great.B. I beg your pardon?C. Let me have a look.D. What’s the problem?E. Pm sorry to hear that.F. What can I do for you?G. I wonder if you could fix it earlier.第三节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从每小题的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并填在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语第Ⅰ卷（选择题共50分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。
听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将您的答案转涂到客观答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ξ19.15.B. ξ9.15.C. ξ9.18答案是B。
1.Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroomC. In a library2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20B. 7:15C.7:003.What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend tripC.A radio programme4.What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a trainB. See the man offC. Go shopping5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late deliveryB. She went to the wrong placeC. She couldn’t take the cake back 第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出的最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
2012年高考北京卷阅读理解真题附答案详解（全网最精解析版）Decision-making?under?StressA?new?review?based?on?a?research?shows?that?acute?stress?affects?the?way?the?brain?co nsiders?the?advantages?and?disadvantages,?causing?it?to?focus?on?pleasure?and?ignore?the?pos sible?negative?(负面的)?consequences?of?a?decision.The?research?suggests?that?stress?may?change?the?way?people?make?choices?in?predictab le?ways.“Stress?affects?how?people?learn,”?says?Professor?Mara?Mather.?“People?learn?better?abo ut?positive?than?negative?outcomes?under?s tress.”For?example,?two?recent?studies?looked?at?how?people?learned?to?connect?images(影像)?with?either?rewards?or?punishments.?In?one?experiment,?some?of?the?participants?were?fi rst?stressed?by?having?to?give?a?speech?and?do?difficult?math?problems?in?front?of?an?audie nce;?in?the?other,?some?were?stressed?by?having?to?keep?their?hands?in?ice?water.?In?both?c ases,?the?stressed?participants?remembered?the?rewarded?material?more?accurately?and?the?pu nished?material?less?accurately?than?those?who?hadn’t?gone?th rough?the?stress.This?phenomenon?is?likely?not?surprising?to?anyone?who?has?tried?to?resist?eating?cooki es?or?smoking?a?cigarette?while?under?stress?–at?those?moments,?only?the?pleasure?associated?with?such?activities?comes?to?mind.?But?the? findings?further?suggest?that?stress?may?bring?about?a?double?effect.?Not?only?are?rewarding ?experiences?remembered?better,?but?negative?consequences?are?also?easily?recalled.The?research?also?found?that?stress?appears?to?affect?decision-making?differently?in?men ?and?women.?While?both?men?and?women?tend?to?focus?on?rewards?and?less?on?consequenc es?under?stress,?their?responses?to?risk?turn?out?to?be?different.Men?who?had?been?stressed?by?the?cold-water?task?tended?to?take?more?risks?in?the?ex periment?while?women?responded?in?the?opposite?way.?In?stressful?situations?in?which?risk-t aking?can?pay?off?big,?men?may?tend?to?do?better,?when?caution?weighs?more,?however,?wo men?will?win.This?tendency?to?slow?down?and?become?more?cautious?when?decisions?are?risky?might ?also?help?explain?why?women?are?less?likely?to?become?addicted?than?men:?they?may?more ?often?avoid?making?the?risky?choices?that?eventually?harden?into?addiction.（350?words）64.? We?can?learn?from?the?passage?that?people?under?pressure?tend?to?______.A.?keep?rewards?better?in?their?memoryB.?recall?consequences?more?effortlesslyC.?make?risky?decisions?more?frequentlyD.?learn?a?subject?more?effectively65.? According?to?the?research,?stress?affects?people?most?probably?in?their?______.A.?ways?of?making?choicesB.?preference?for?pleasureC.?tolerance?of?punishmentsD.?responses?to?suggestions66. The?research?has?proved?that?in?a?stressful?situation,?______.A.?women?find?it?easier?to?fall?into?certain?habitsB.?men?have?a?greater?tendency?to?slow?downC.?women?focus?more?on?outcomesD.?men?are?more?likely?to?take?risks答案与解析：64.?A.?本题属于细节理解题，根据题干可以定位到文章第一段，“causing?it?to?focus?on?pleasure?and?ignore?the?possible?negative?consequences?of?a?decisi on”可知答案A选项正确。
2012 年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之说明文类（精校word版有答案解析）quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了Honey-Lover's Helper独特的掠食方式，帮助人和动物找到蜂蜜，待到他们吃掉蜂蜜后，它再吃蜂蜡。
科学家们对此也感到迷惑不解。
60. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees' nest?A. It's small in size.B. It's hidden in trees.C. It's covered with wax.D. It's hard to recognize.【答案】B【解析】根据文章第一段“Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.”可知B正确。
【考点定位】考查细节理解。
61. What do the words "the follower" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A bee.B. A bird.C. A honey seeker.D. A beekeeper.【答案】C【解析】根据文章中“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper一a little bird called a honey guide.”可推知：跟在honey guide后面的是：people and animals，而他们统称为honey seeker（寻找蜂蜜的人或动物们）。
绝密启用前2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至14页。
第Ⅱ卷15至16页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷注意事项：答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将目己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
短小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小脱.从题中所给的A. B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C. ￡9.18.答案是B。
1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A．In a bookstore.B. In a classroom.C. In a library.2.At what time will the film begin?A.7:20B.7:15C.7:003. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn't take the cake back.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。
2012 年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文类playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语绝密启用前本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至14页。
第Ⅱ卷15至16页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0．5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将目己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2．短小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题：每小题1．5分，满分7．5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小脱．从题中所给的A．B．C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A．￡19．15．B．￡9．15．C．￡9．18．答案是B。
1．Where does this conversation probably take place?A．In a bookstore．B．In a classroom．C．In a library．2．At what time will the film begin?A．7:20B．7:15C．7:003．What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A．Their friend Jane．B．A weekend trip．C．A radio programme．4．What will the woman probably do?A．Catch a train．B．See the man off．C．Go shopping．5．Why did the woman apologize?A．She made a late delivery．B．She went to the wrong place．C．She couldn't take the cake back．第二节（共15小题;每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）听下面5段对话。
2012年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（江苏卷）英语试题第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20 分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5 小题;每小题1 分,满分5分)听下面5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?A. ￡19. 15.B. ￡9. 15.C. ￡9. 18.答案是B。
1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroom.C. In a library.2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20.B. 7:15.C. 7:00.3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn’t take the cake back.第二节(共15 小题;每小题1 分,满分15 分)听下面5 段对话。
每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
2012年福建省高考英语试卷参考答案与详细解析第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共115分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第二部分：英语知识运用21.【考点】交际用语—征求意见或看法【答案】D【解析】根据题中的语境，特别是答语的后半部分“If time permits”，可知“看情况决定”选择故选择A项“It depends”，表示同意，其它选项不合题意。
本题比较容易。
【难度】一般22.【考点】本题考查不定代词用法【答案】C【解析】something like that 意为“大致如此，差不多这样”，something在本句中是表示不确定的描述或数量，“大致，左右”的意思。
比如：She called at something after ten o’clock.她10点多钟来过电话。
It tastes something like melon. 这吃起来有点像甜瓜。
They pay six pounds an hour. Something like that. 他们按每小时六英镑付费。
大致如此。
【难度】中等23. 【考点】本题考查定语从句的引导词【答案】C【解析】本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在所写的那样”。
【难度】一般24.【考点】本题考查时态的用法【答案】B【解析】首先根据时间状语this morning知道是发生过的事情，去除A、C两项，然后过去完成时的使用前提是有动作的先后顺序，然而本句指的是“今天早晨我正把从网上下载的阅读材料分类时电脑坏的。
”指的是过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时，B项正确。
【难度】一般25. 【考点】本题考查名词辨析【答案】A【解析】根据后半句的进一步解释“So it is my best choice”“这是我最好的选择”可知本空指的的是“英语是我的强项”，strength意为“优势，强项”与weakness是反义词。
2012高考英语精选阅读理解（九）（含详解）From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations, human beings have been putting great effort into space research. And so far, we have achieved many successes. But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not cease trying to progress.The international space station is an important step we should take in space exploration. It is not only helpful but also essential. It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time. It is also a base for the observations of the earth and the universe. It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars. In a word, if we want to explore space more, the first thing we should do is to set up a space station.As the space station costs a lot of money, it is hard for one country alone to establish one. The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone，and it has tried to do so, but not very successful. So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together. Though it is still extremely expensive, it is much cheaper than doing it alone. It is really a job that needs everyone‟ s effort and will benefit everyone.But even so, the funds needed are still a big problem. As for the USA, it seems that it has too many things to spend its money on. Although it is the richest country in the world, it has much debt every year. It has to make arrangements about its finance, and try to find a balance in all these issues.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。
2012高考英语精选备考题库系列（含详解）阅读理解（九）备战2012高考，精选阅读200篇，适合高三上学期使用，希望对大家有帮助。
（2011年8月）From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations, human beings have been putting great effort into space research. And so far, we have achieved many successes. But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not cease trying to progress.The international space station is an important step we should take in space exploration. It is not only helpful but also essential. It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time. It is also a base for the observations of the earth and the universe. It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars. In a word, if we want to explore space more, the first thing we should do is to set up a space station.As the space station costs a lot of money, it is hard for one country alone to establish one. The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone，and it has tried to do so, but not very successful. So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together. Though it is still extremely expensive, it is much cheaper than doing it alone. It is really a job that needs ever yone‟ s effort and will benefit everyone.But even so, the funds needed are still a big problem. As for the USA, it seems that it has too many things to spend its money on. Although it is the richest country in the world, it has much debt every year. It has to make arrangements about its finance, and try to find a balance in all these issues.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。
国际空间站对于人类探索太空起着至关重要的作用。
由于耗资巨大，财大气粗的美国单独建造起来也并不那么成功。
只有各国合作起来，才能解决资金问题，从而使国际空间站造福全人类。
1．What is the author‟s attitude towards building and developing the international space station?A. Supportive.B. Doubtful.C. Critical.D. Dissatisfied.[解析]态度判断题。
根据第一段中的“we should not cease trying to progress”和文中作者介绍国际空间站的重要性可知，作者对建设国际空间站持支持态度。
[答案] A2．From Paragraph 2 we learn that ________.A. the necessity of building the international space station is not realized nowB. many experiments have been done in the international space stationC. the international space station is necessary for people to explore space moreD. people have traveled to Mars from the international space station[解析]细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“In a word，if we want to explore space more，th e first thing we should do is to set up a space station”可知，国际空间站是进行太空探索所必需的。
[答案] C3．Which of the following is NOT a reason for countries‟ cooperation in building the international space station?A. That it requires a lot of money.B. That it needs everyo ne‟ s effort.C. That it will benefit every participating country.D. That it is too far away from the earth.[解析]细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“As the space station costs a lot of money...”和“It is really a job that needs everyone‟s effort and will benefit everyone”可知，A、B、C 三项均提到了，而文章中没有提到D。
[答案] D5．The underlined word “aggregated” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________”．A. unitedB. scoldedC. allowedD. forbade[解析]词义猜测题。
由该词所在的语境可知，发展国际空间站耗资巨大，因此美国联合其他一些国家共同来建设该工程，即该词的意思相当于united。
[答案] A5．Which of the following aspects about building the international space station is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Difficulties.B. Cooperation.C. Significance.D. Specific arrangements.[解析]细节理解题。
第二段提到了建设国际空间站的重要性，第三段提到了建设国际空间站面临的困难和合作的重要性，但是文中没有涉及具体细节安排，故答案为D。
[答案] D[长难句解读]From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations, human beings have been putting great effort into space research.此句较长，但是简单句，句子前半部是介词短语，结构是“from...to...”。
语意：从最初使用火箭将卫星送入太空到建立空间站，人们一直在太空研究方面努力着。
One potential problem with allowances is that children‟s responsible behavior can become about earning the allowance rather than the intrinsic (固有的) value of their family responsibilities. For example, if you pay your children for taking out the trash, they see this chore (家务) as a job that they should be rewarded for instead of a responsibility they must fulfill as part of the family. But giving children an allowance for weekly chores is not necessarily bad. You are rewarding them for fulfilling their family responsibilities, but it is not for a specific act. Rather, it is an appreciation of their commitment to your family values. You are also conveying another important message that their actions have consequences: if they do good things, good things happen. They also learn a lesson about the market economy, namely that work is rewarded.Allowances can also be used as punishment and to teach children lessons about family values. For example, if your children join a group of kids smashing (砸碎) pumpkins on Halloween, a part of a reasonable punishment might be to require them to pay the families out of their allowances to replace the pumpkins. Thus, your children learn that bad behavior has financial consequences. Also, by relating the punishment to the misdeed, you ensure that your children see the connection and learn the value lesson.How much allowance should you pay your children？The precise amount depends on your family‟ s financial situation, the cost of living and your children‟s needs. Children can start to earn a weekly allowance as early as 5 years of age. An increase of $ 1 per week for each ydar of your children‟ s lives is realistic until they reach their mid teens. When they begin to drive and date, you can calculate their expenses and establish a reasonable allowance that covers their needs.[语篇解读]本文为议论文，就“孩子做家务要不要给予物质奖励”这一话题进行谈论。
