山东省济南外国语学校2019届高三上学期12月月考生物试题Word版含答案

山东省夏津一中2019届高三生物12月月考试题选择题（本大题共30个小题，每小题1.5分，共计45分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1. 有关真核生物膜结构和功能的叙述，正确的是( )A．细胞膜上的受体是细胞间信息交流所必需的B．丙酮酸彻底氧化分解生成CO2的过程在膜上进行C．生物膜的功能主要取决于膜上蛋白质的种类和数量D．胰岛素的加工分泌过程体现了生物膜的功能特点2.关于组成生物体的元素和化合物叙述，正确的是( )A．脂肪和磷脂都属于脂质且都含有P元素B．淀粉和糖原都可作为植物体内储能物质C．氨基酸脱水缩合形成的环形肽中无游离羧基D．细菌、蓝藻等原核生物的遗传物质是DNA3．下列各组所含元素种类相同的化合物是( )A．纤维素和甲状腺激素 B．三磷酸腺苷和磷脂C．叶绿素和核糖 D．血红蛋白和胰岛素4.有关细胞物质组成的叙述，正确的是( )A．在人体活细胞中氢原子的数目最多B．DNA和RNA分子的碱基组成相同C．多糖在细胞中不与其他分子相结合D．蛋白质区别于脂质的特有元素是氮5．关于蛋白质的叙述，错误的是( )A．rRNA能参与蛋白质的生物合成 B．DNA和蛋白质是染色体的组成成分C．人体血浆中含有浆细胞分泌的蛋白质D．核糖体上合成的蛋白质不能在细胞核中发挥作用6.关于医用生理盐水的叙述，错误的是( )A．浓度为0.9%的氯化钠溶液 B．可以作为注射药物的溶剂C．与健康人体内环境渗透压相近 D．可为无法进食的患者提供能量7．有关细胞膜的制备及观察的叙述正确的是( )A．家鸡的红细胞是最佳的实验材料B．若选用洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞应先用蛋白酶去除细胞壁C．制备细胞膜应先利用吸水涨破法，再利用离心法获取D．用高倍显微镜可直接观察到磷脂双分子层构成细胞膜的基本支架8．细菌和线粒体大小相似，都含核糖体，DNA分子都是环状的，以下推测不正确的是( ) A．在线粒体内可以合成自身的一部分蛋白质B．细菌的细胞膜上可能含与有氧呼吸有关的酶C．葡萄糖进入线粒体和细菌的方式可能相同D．线粒体膜和细菌细胞膜的基本支架都是磷脂双分子层9．有关细胞共性的叙述，正确的是( )A．都具有细胞膜但不一定具有磷脂双分子层B．都具有细胞核但遗传物质不一定是DNAC．都能进行细胞呼吸但不一定发生在线粒体中D．都能合成蛋白质但合成场所不一定是核糖体10．黑藻叶绿体丰富，但嫩叶中叶绿体数目不多，有关用黑藻作实验材料的叙述不正确的是( )A．黑藻可用于叶绿体色素的提取和分离实验B．黑藻嫩叶可用于高倍显微镜观察叶绿体实验C．黑藻液泡为无色，不可用于观察植物细胞质壁分离及复原实验D．将黑藻叶片制成临时装片，可用于探究环境因素对光合作用强弱的影响实验11．有关膜蛋白的叙述，不正确的是( )A. 有些膜蛋白具有识别和降低化学反应活化能的作用B. 细胞膜上的膜蛋白都能接收信号分子传递的信息C. 膜蛋白的合成场所是核糖体且都需要mRNA的参与D. 有些膜蛋白能参与物质跨膜运输的被动运输过程12．关于物质跨膜运输的叙述，正确的是( )A．相对分子质量小的都可以通过自由扩散进入细胞内B．大分子有机物通过载体蛋白才能进入细胞内，且要耗能C．被动运输都是顺浓度梯度进行的，既不耗能，也不需载体蛋白D．主动运输多发生在细胞逆浓度梯度时，既耗能，也需载体蛋白13．关于探究酶特性的实验，叙述正确的是( )A．若探究pH对过氧化氢酶活性的影响，可选择可溶性淀粉溶液为底物B．若探究温度对淀粉酶活性的影响，可选择斐林试剂对实验结果进行检测C．若探究过氧化氢酶的高效性，可选择无机催化剂作为对照D．若用淀粉、蔗糖和淀粉酶来探究酶的专一性，可用碘液对实验结果进行检测14．有关酶和ATP的叙述正确的是( )A．合成ATP的过程不需要酶的催化 B．唾液淀粉酶对淀粉的水解不消耗ATP C．酶和ATP共有的组成元素是4种 D．细胞中合成酶的场所是唯一的15．对生物体内ATP的叙述中正确的是( )A．ATP与ADP的相互转化，在活细胞中是永无休止的B．ATP与ADP是同一种物质的两种形态C．体内ATP含量很多，保证生命活动所需能量的持续供应D．ATP与ADP的相互转化，使生物体内的各项反应快速顺利地进行16．右图为光合作用反应过程示意图，有关叙述正确的是( )A．甲过程中光能转变成ATPB．乙过程中碳原子转移途径是CO2→C3→C5→(CH2O)C．乙过程为甲过程提供的关键物质有ADP和Pi等D．干旱时，图中[H]的相对含量会明显降低17．将某绿色植物叶片放在特定装置中，用红外线测量仪测量，测定的条件和结果如下：该叶片一昼夜葡萄糖积累的量为( )A．2.91mg B．11.25mg C．22.5mg D．33.75mg18．下面为某动物(2N＝4)个体不同分裂时期的细胞示意图，有关说法正确的是( )A．图①所示细胞含有四对同源染色体，其中染色体与DNA随着丝点一分为二而加倍B．图②所示阶段一定会有交叉互换的发生C．图③所示细胞中所有的染色体、染色单体、DNA的数目之比为1∶2∶2D．若发生非姐妹染色单体间的交叉互换，等位基因的分离也可发生在图④中19．下图为人体内细胞在细胞分裂过程中每条染色体中的DNA分子含量的变化曲线，有关叙述错误的是( )A．DNA复制发生在bc时期B．同源染色体分离发生在de时期C．ef时期的细胞中染色体数可能达到92条D．染色体交叉互换等基因重组都发生在cd时期20．有关观察减数分裂的实验，叙述错误的是( )A．用蝗虫精母细胞减数分裂固定装片观察减数分裂过程B．用桃花雄蕊比雌蕊制成的装片容易观察到减数分裂现象C．能观察到减数分裂现象的装片，可能观察到联会现象D．用洋葱根尖制成装片，能观察到联会现象21．关于人体细胞分化、衰老、凋亡与癌变的叙述，错误的是( )A．细胞分裂能力随细胞分化程度的提高而减弱B．衰老细胞中各种酶的活性均显著降低C．细胞凋亡有助于机体维持自身的稳定D．癌细胞无接触抑制特征22．孟德尔的遗传定律只能适用于下列哪些生物( )①噬菌体②乳酸菌③豌豆④蓝藻⑤小麦．A. ①②B. ③⑤C. ②③D. ①③23. 在孟德尔探究遗传规律的过程中，使孟德尔发现问题的现象是( )A．形成配子时，成对的遗传因子发生分离，分别进入不同的配子中B．具一对相对性状亲本杂交，F2表现型之比为3：1C．F1与隐性亲本测交，后代表现型之比为1：1D．雌雄配子结合的机会均等24．某种细胞有4条染色体，且两对等位基因分别位于两对同源染色体上。

2025届高三月考试卷（三）地理（答案在最后）命题：审题：得分：本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页。

时量75分钟，满分100分。

第Ⅰ卷选择题（共48分）一、选择题（本题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的）2023年12月13日至15日，山东省德州市出现降温、降水天气。

农业专家表示，这次降水对冬小麦生长较为有利，但对部分旺长的麦田来说，要注意防止冻害发生。

下图为大气受热过程示意图。

据此完成1~2题。

1.为了减少冻害带来的危害，德州的农民采用了熏烟的方法，其原理是（）A.增加凝结核促进水汽凝结B.减弱②C.增强③D.减弱④2.依据大气受热过程原理，当大气中出现浓雾时（）A.①增强B.②增强C.③减弱D.④增强冻雨是大气中过冷雨滴（温度小于0℃的液态水滴）下降到近地面0℃以下的物体表面迅速冻结成冰的天气现象。

2024年2月20日至2月24日，湖北全省自北向南先后经历了降雨、冻雨再到纯雪的天气过程。

据此完成3~4题。

3.导致本次湖北省冻雨的天气系统主要为（）A.冷锋B.暖锋C.气旋D.反气旋4.T0、T1、T2为湖北省某地此次天气过程中不同时间的大气温度垂直变化图，按时间先后顺序排列正确的是（）A.T0→T1→T2B.T1→T0→T2C.T1→T2→T0D.T2→T0→T12023年12月10日，东北、华北普降暴雪。

12月8日和9日，华北地区最低均温分别是-3℃和-4℃。

下图为12月8日和12月10日8时我国部分地区海平面等压线分布图。

读图，完成5~6题。

5.12月8~10日，太原（）A.风向由西北风转为西南风B.水平气压梯度力减小C.9日气温骤降，出现寒潮D.10日晚发布道路结冰预警6.下列各地描述与此次天气过程相吻合的是（）A.墨累—达令盆地正值小麦收获季节B.台湾海峡正遭受台风灾害C.邢台较太原地区可能会发生焚风效应D.太原温室大棚内的日温差变大下图为我国某节能房屋示意图，该房屋在不同季节的白天与夜晚通过开闭某些隔断或窗户实现室内外冷暖空气的交换，从而达到节能的目的。

江苏省丹阳高级中学2024届高三下学期2月月考地理试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题下图为某沿海地区等高线示意图，两地理兴趣小组9月23日在图示地区宿营，甲地的小组在4：00（地方时）看到日出，乙地的小组在5：00（地方时）看到日出。

甲乙两地的相对高度为800米。

完成下面小题。

1．该日甲、乙两地日出时间不同的根本原因是( )A.海拔高度B.地球形状C.地球自转D.纬度不同2．图中①一④四地中，此日地方时6点前能看到日出的是( )A.①B.②C.③D.④3．⑤地海拔高度可能为( )A.80米B.250米C.390米D.620米大理某气象台（25°42′N，100°11′E，海拔1990.5m）西距点苍山约4km，东距洱海约2km，位于东南低西北高、依山傍水的坝区内。

受湖陆风和山谷风的影响，该坝区内盛行风向呈现明显的日变化特征。

下图分别为某日该地近地层风速（单位：m/s）日变化图和气温（单位：℃）日变化图，完成下面小题。

4．该日，此地地方时6：40近地层2m处的气温是( )A.12.3℃B.12.8℃C.15.3℃D.15.8℃5．该地夜晚风速较小的原因是( )A.地面摩擦作用，风力减弱B.湖陆风与山谷风相互抵消C.地面降温快，出现逆温层D.大气吸热使保温作用增强下图示意某年12月18日～24日影响亚洲东部的某种天气系统活动过程。

下图中的小圆圈为高压中心，圆圈上的数字为日期，其下的数字为中心气压值。

读图完成下列问题。

6．24日，甲地的风向是( )A.偏南风B.偏东风C.东北风D.西北风7．气象部门发布了寒潮预报，甲地降温最剧烈的时间是( )A.19日B.20日C.21日D.22日8．与18日的天气相比，寒潮过境时甲地( )A.地面吸收太阳辐射增多B.大气逆辐射减弱C.气温水平差异减小D.水平气压梯度增大海洋锋是指海洋中特性明显不同的两种或几种水团之间形成的狭窄交界面。

兰州一中高三年级 11 月月考试题高三历史说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（单项选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分 100 分，考试时间 75 分钟。

答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。

第Ⅰ卷（单项选择题）一、单项选择题（共 16 小题，每道题 3 分，共 48 分)1.郑州商城遗址是商代早中期都城遗址。

城墙周长近 7 公里，挖土量约 174 万立方米。

城内东北部有宫殿区和祭祀区，是商王和大贵族活动和生活的场所。

城外有居民区、较大规模的铸铜和制陶、制骨作坊遗址等。

由此可知当时( )A.王权借助神权决策B.国家组织能力较强C.阶级分化开始出现D.手工业技术趋成熟2.郑国子产参照夏、商、周三代之法令铸刑书，让百姓遵从郑令、野令，按照礼仪行事，从而彰显美德，抑制邪恶。

子产铸刑书体现了()A.轻视礼制的变革思想B.以刑促礼的治国路径C.由礼至德的治理方略D.礼主刑辅的基层教化3.汉初，国家户籍为主要依据，授予民众田宅，没有立户占有田宅是违法的。

民众按照遗嘱获得的田宅可以先行占有，到每年八月户口登记核查之日，必须立户并把所分田宅登记在户籍上。

这一举措() A.便于国家赋役征发 B.源于土地兼并严重C.变革农业劳作方式D.健全基层里甲制度4.宋朝开封等大城市出现了娱乐兼经营的场所——瓦子，在瓦子内有勾栏，经营各种不同的娱乐活动；还出现了发展对外贸易的城市泉州、福州，以及纯粹的手工业城市景德镇、益州等。

这说明，当时( ) A.区域经济差异日益淡化 B.城市功能呈现出多元化特点C.城市规模得以迅速扩大D.市民生活水平普遍得到提高5.明代“吴门四家”之首沈周曾遇“贩夫牧竖”来索画，也“不见难色”。

刘邦彦戏曰：“送纸敲门索画频，僧楼无处避红尘。

东归要了南游债，须化金仙百亿身。

”这一现象反映了( )A.市民整体艺术修养提高B.商品经济影响艺术创作C.文人抛弃了传统义利观D.社会等级秩序趋向崩溃6．1872 年上海轮船招商局成立时招股艰难，资本不足20 万两。

湖南师大附中2025届高三月考试卷(二)英语第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

AThe Virgin Islands National Park is a tropical(热带的)paradise on the island of St. John,which covers more than half of the small island.It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the Caribbean Sea to the south,where the climate is warm all year.The island's white sand beaches and clear blue seas are considered to be among the most beautiful in the Caribbean,gaining reputation and popularity among visitors across the world.How the national park was formedLaurence Rockefeller was an American millionaire,businessman and conservationist.He visited St.John in the 1950s. He quickly fell in love with the island's clean,pure beauty.He first purchased a small resort there, Caneel Bay. He also purchased more than 2,000 hectares of the island and donated it to the government.That donation created the U.S.Virgin Islands National Park.It was officially opened as a national park on December 1,1956.How to get to the parkThe only way to reach the park is by boat.Some people arrive on their own sailboats.Others come in on large cruise ships.Visitors also arrive on water taxis from the island of St.Thomas.What to do at the parkFrom the tropical hills to the blue waters there are many things to do at the Virgin Islands National,Park.Visitors enjoy fishing,camping,sailing,scuba diving, snorkeling (浮潜),and bird watching.Of all of the park's beaches,Trunk Bay Beach is said to be the most striking.Below the clear blue water is a 200-meter snorkeling path. Hawksnest Beach is also a popular place for snorkeling.Near the shore are three small reefs of Elkhorn Coral.The Elkhorn Coral gets its name from its shape.The reef looks similar to the huge horns(角)of an animal called elk.It is a very rare kind of reef.Scientists say it is in danger of becoming extinct.The Virgin Islands National Park is often called America's paradise.It protects St. John's pristine nature,and preserves the record of human history in the Caribbean.Don't hesitate! Come here and put yourself in the paradise!1. What is most likely attractive to tourists when they visit the Virgin Islands National Park?A. Its tropical climate.B. Its location.C. Its beautiful scenery.D. Its activity.2. What can we learn about the Virgin Islands National Park?A. An animal called elk is at risk of becoming dying out.B. Visitors can choose any means of transportation to get to the park.C Laurence's donation greatly contributed to the foundation of the park..D. There is a 200-meter snorkeling path beneath the water of the Hawksnest Beach.3. Where is the text probably taken from?A. A speech script.B. A travel brochure.C. An academic essay.D. A geographic journal.BBoeing’s Starliner spacecraft landed in a New Mexico desert late on Friday,months after its original departure date and without the two astronauts it carried when it launched in early June.The Nasa astronauts Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore should have flown the Starliner back to Earth in June, a week after launching in it.But thruster (推进器) failures and helium (氦气) leaks marred their ride. Instead, they will remain at the International Space Station (ISS) for the rest of the year and will return in February aboard the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft.their empty seats and blue spacesuits along with some old station equipment.After Nasa’s space shuttles were retired more than a decade ago, Nasa hired Boeing and SpaceX for orbital (轨道的) taxi service. Boeing ran into so many problems on its first test flight with no one onboard in 2019 that it had to repeat it. The 2022 do-over uncovered even more flaws and the repair bill topped $1.5bn.The Starliner finally blasted into space on 5 June from Florida’s Cape Canaveral Space Force Station after unsuccessful launches on 6 May and 1 June. On the first launch attempt,a problem was found with a valve (阀门) on the second stage,or upper portion, of the rocket. On the second,a computer tripped an automatic hold just three minutes and 50 seconds from liftoff. That was later attributed to a single ground power supply fault within one of the launch control computers.Even after it successfully launched,helium leaks continued to trouble the spacecraft. As the Starliner approached the ISS, two leaks were detected but Nasa determined the spacecraft remained stable. What started as an eight-day mission dragged on for three months after the leaks and faulty thrusters raised safety concerns.However, Nasa and Boeing officials insisted that the astronauts were not trapped and that the technical difficulties did not threaten the mission. “We’ll come home when we’re ready,” Steve Stich, Nasa’s commercial crew program manager, said in the press conference in July.4. What does the underlined word “marred” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Underwent.B. Stimulated.C. Facilitated.D. Blocked.5. What do we know about Boeing’s spacecraft launches?A. They were filled with delays and setbacks.B. Starliner’s initial launch went smoothly.C. The 2019 manned spaceflight was a failureD. Reasons of the problems were still unidentified.6. Why didn’t the two astronauts come back to Earth on time?A. Because the project went over the original budget.B. Because they were both in serious health conditions.C. Because it was dangerous to take the Starliner then.D. Because Nasa officials failed to reach an agreement.7. What can be implied according to the last two paragraphs?A. The two astronauts would come back soon.B. Officials considered the situation within control.C. Nasa officials were pessimistic and pressed.D. The mission would be completed in 3 months.CActor Alicia Silverstone worried fans on social media recently. While on a trip to England, she posted a TikTok video of herself tasting a kind of poisonous berries she found along a sidewalk. Silverstone, who appeared in the 1995 movie Clueless, said she thought the fruit was a tomato. But when she bit into it and found that it had an unusual taste, she realized that it was not the common food.Plant expert, Jessica Damiano, recently wrote about poisonous plants that look like common foods for the Associated Press. She said the fruit that looked like a tomato appears to have been a Jerusalem cherry.Often sold as a houseplant, all parts of the Jerusalem cherry are poisonous.The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals says the plant is not only harmful to humans but also to dogs, cats and horses.Eating large amounts can be deadly. Silverstone was lucky because she did not swallow the berries. She was also lucky because the berries were reddish orange, which meant they were ripe. While all parts of the Jerusalem cherry are poisonous, the plant’s unripe berries can be especially dangerous.They can cause problems with the central nervous and gastrointestinal (肠胃的) systems.The Jerusalem cherry is not the only toxic plant that looks like a safe one.The poisonous Carolina horsenettle fruit also looks like a tomato. It is also known as devil’s potato to add to the confusion.The Virginia creeper fruit also looks like blueberries, and it can be deadly if eaten.Wild parsnip has flowers like a carrot and leaves like parsley (欧芹). Simply touching it can cause a skin problem. Creeping buttercup looks like flat-leaf parsley. It can cause severe stomach pain,vomiting (呕吐) and heart problems. And Canadian moonseed can be confused with wild grape. However, its taste is so bitter that you would likely spit it out before swallowing it. This is a good thing because eating it can lead to death.If you think you have swallowed a toxic plant by mistake, contact a poison control center in your area or your doctor immediately. There is additional information on the website .Damiano advises using common sense with plants you find in the wild. If you are not completely sure that something is food, do not eat it.8. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A. To present the author’s argument.B. To introduce the topic of the article.C. To raise the public’s attention of wild plants.D. To popularize the knowledge of medical science.9. Why was Silverstone thought to be fortunate?A. The berries she had a bite were ripe.B. She found the fruit she ate was a tomato.C. She had a good knowledge of wild plants.D. The amount of the berries she consumed was large.10. According to the description,what plants can be most harmful to people?A. Carolina horsenettle and wild parsnip.B Virginia creeper and creeping buttercup..C. Wild parsnip and Canadian moonseed.D. Canadian moonseed and Virginia creeper.11. What may be the suitable measure if someone mistakenly swallows a poisonous plant?A. Spitting it out as quickly as possible.B. Making an appointment with their doctor.C. Getting in touch with the local authority instantly.D. Searching for the relevant information on the Internet.DSuperhuman artificial intelligence has played a role in our life. When it comes to playing games like chess, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of humans. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering:mind reading.We are blessed with a mysterious ability to reason the goals,desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own.If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life — to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball — we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people's minds.In psychology, the ability to infer another’s mental state is referred to as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity develops at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though.One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences.Besides, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind.In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think.But we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI,plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI.It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines.Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.12. According to the passage,which of the following contexts can AI understand well?A. When asked where an object is, a naughty kid points in the wrong direction.B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework,he answers “my dog ate it” .C. When you are treated with a hotpot for dinner, you reply “a sore throat” .D. When a mom tells her kid milk is good for health, the kid drinks it up.13. Which statement will the author agree with most about theory of mind?A. Humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect.B. Humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent.C. AI’s theory of mind development has been totally decoded.D. Shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI.14. What is the author’s attitude toward truly self-aware machines?A. AmbiguousB. Conservative.C. Skeptical.D. Approving.15. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. AI’s Theory of Mind Will Define Our FutureB. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is ExpectedC. AI’s Theory of Mind — a Blessing or Suffering to HumansD. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

宁夏石嘴山市第三中学 2019 届高三生物上学期第一次月考（开学）考试一试题一、单项选择题1、下边对基因工程的表达中, 正确的选项是（）A. 基因工程的“针线”是DNA聚合酶B.把目的基因的受体细胞叫做运载体C.基因工程可定向地进行种间基因重组D.当古人们对转基因食品的安全性存在争议, 应当停止有关研究2、以下不是基因工程中的运载体所一定具备的特色（）A．能够在宿主细胞中复制，并稳固地保留B．拥有 1～多个限制酶切点C．一定是细菌的质粒或噬菌体D．拥有某些标记基因3、以下图为 DNA分子的某一片段，此中①、②、③分别表示某种酶的作用部位，则相应的酶挨次是 ( )A.解旋酶、限制酶、DNA聚合B. DNA酶、解旋酶、DNA连结酶酶D.限制酶、DNA连结酶、解旋酶C. 解旋酶、限制酶、DNA连结酶4、在受体细胞中能检测出目的基因是因为（）A.目的基因上有标记B.质粒上拥有某些标记基因C.重组质粒能够复制D.以上都不正确5、以下不属于获取目的基因方法的是()A. 因文库 , 从基因文库中获取B.利用人工合成法获取C.利用 PCR技术大批获取D.利用农杆菌转变法获取6、在以下基因工程的基本操作步骤中, 未发生碱基互补配对的是（）A. 建立 cDNA文库B. 重组质粒导入受体细胞C.目的基因与质粒建立重组质粒D.目的基因在受体细胞内表达7、在已知某小片段基因碱基序列的状况下, 获取该基因的最正确方法是（）A. 用 mRNA为模板逆转录合成DNAB. 利用 DNA合成仪化学方法直接合成C. 将供体 DNA片段转入受体细胞中, 再进一步挑选D. 由蛋白质的氨基酸序列推断mRNA8、采纳基因工程的方法培养抗虫棉, 以下导入目的基因的做法正确的选项是（）①将毒素蛋白注射到棉受精卵中②将编码毒素蛋白的DNA序列 , 注射到棉受精卵中, 再进行组织③将编码毒素蛋白的DNA序列 , 与质粒重组 , 导入细菌 , 用该细菌感染棉的体细胞培养④将编码毒素蛋白的DNA序列 , 与细菌质粒重组, 注射到棉的子房并进入受精卵A. ①②B. ②③C.③④D.④①9、一个基因表达载体的建立不该包含（）A. 目的基因B.启动子C.停止密码D.标记基因10、以下为形成cDNA过程和 PCR扩增过程表示图。

高三生物一、选择题（每小题1.5分，共60分）1.下图表示人体细胞中四种主要元素占细胞鲜重的百分比，其中表示碳元素的是A.甲B.乙C.丙D.丁2.下列关于细胞中的化合物的叙述，正确的是A.蔗糖彻底水解的产物是C02和H2B.传递信息的蛋白质一定是激素C.蛋白质都是在核糖体上合成的D.细胞失水时，水分子只能向细胞外运输3.下列有关细胞中糖类和脂质的叙述,正确的是A. 生物膜中的磷脂分子是由甘油、脂肪酸和磷酸组成B.细胞膜的内侧除分布有糖蛋白外,还分布有糖类与脂质分子结合成的糖脂C.脂质中的性激素进入细胞的方式与调节血糖浓度的胰岛素从细胞内分泌出去的过程都有能量的消耗D.等质量的糖类和脂肪相比,后者储能多,但它们彻底氧化时前者耗氧多4.下列有关肽键的叙述，错误的是A.蛋白质中的肽键数等于或小于脱水缩合过程中的氨基酸数B.含至少两个肽键的物质都可与双缩脲试剂发生作用，产生紫色反应C.核糖体上可形成肽键，溶酶体内可发生肽键的水解D.肽键的元素组成为C、H、0、N，其牢固程度与碳碳双键紧密相关5.下面是某蛋白质的肽链结构示意图(图甲，其中数字为氨基酸序号)及部分肽链放大图(图乙)，请据图判断下列叙述中正确的是A.该蛋白质中含有2条肽链，52个肽键B.图乙中含有的R基是①②④⑥⑧C.从图乙可推知该蛋白质至少含有4个游离的羧基D.若氨基酸的平均相对分子质量为128，则该蛋白质的相对分子质量为56466.鉴定可溶性还原糖、蛋白质、脂肪，观察DNA、RNA在细胞中的分布，所用实验材料均合理的一组是A.韭菜叶、豆浆、大豆、洋葱鳞片叶内表皮B.梨、鸡蛋清、花生子叶、人口腔上皮细胞C.苹果、花生子叶、大豆、洋葱鳞片叶外表皮D.番茄、豆浆、花生子叶、人口腔上皮细胞7.下列关于大肠杆菌与硝化细菌的叙述，正确的是A.都没有线粒体，所以都不能进行有氧呼吸B.硝化细菌是生产者，大肠杆菌寄生在人肠道内是消费者C.去除植物细胞壁的酶也可以用于去除大肠杆菌的细胞壁D.硝化细菌能将二氧化碳和水合成糖类，所以是自养生物8.下表中“依据”和“能做出的判断”相匹配的是9.下列关于膜蛋白的叙述，正确的是A.部分细胞的膜蛋白具有催化作用B.被动运输过程不需要膜蛋白的参与C.水盐调节过程与膜蛋白无关D.细胞间的信息交流必需依赖于膜蛋白10.下列有关蓝细菌膜蛋白的叙述，正确的是A.参与细胞呼吸和光合作用B.各种膜蛋白贯穿在脂双层中C.决定各种物质进出细胞的方向D.该物质形成需要高尔基体的参与11.对下列生物特征的叙述，正确的是①酵母菌②乳酸菌③硝化细菌④小球藻⑤念珠藻⑥黑藻A.①②③都是原核生物，都能发生基因突变B.④⑤⑥都能进行光合作用，都含有叶绿体C.除②③外，都能进行有氧呼吸D.除①②外，都是自养生物12.下列是有关细胞的叙述，不正确的是A.浆细胞比记忆B细胞含有较多的内质网和高尔基体B.衰老细胞细胞核体积增大，核膜内折，染色质收缩、染色加深C.将融合的异种植物花粉培育成幼苗并用秋水仙素处理可得到可育植株D.硝化细菌能将土壤中的NH3氧化成HNO2，进而氧化成HNO3，所以它属于自养生物13.下列有关高等植物细胞壁的叙述，正确的是A.是系统的边界，可控制物质进出细胞B.纤维素酶既能去除植物细胞的细胞壁，又不损伤其内部结构C.少量失水的成熟植物细胞的细胞未见质壁分离，说明该细胞已失去活性D.在植物细胞有丝分裂末期，赤道板向四周扩展形成新的细胞壁14.如图为某种生物的细胞核及相关结构示意图，有关叙述正确的是A.⑥是大分子物质进出细胞核的通道，不具有选择性B.④的主要成分是DNA和蛋白质C.②与核膜和高尔基体膜直接相连D.rRNA和蛋白质在⑤中合成并组装成①15．1962年科学家用电子显微镜观察玉米等植物叶绿体的超薄切片，发现叶绿体基质中有20.5nm左右的细纤维存在，用DNA酶处理后细纤维消失。

第四单元免疫调节一、单选题1．下列有关HIV和艾滋病的叙述，错误的是（）A．HIV的携带者不一定是艾滋病患者B．HIV是RNA病毒，其构成成分不只有RNA和蛋白质C．HIV是逆转录病毒，逆转录酶和DNA连接酶在宿主细胞的细胞核中发挥作用D．目前艾滋病仍无法治愈，但积极有效的治疗可以帮助病毒携带者延缓发病进程，降低患者死亡率2．淋巴细胞是机体免疫应答功能的重要组成部分，当淋巴细胞的数量及功能发生异常改变时，机体会产生一系列的病理变化及免疫功能失调，导致疾病的发生。

下列叙述正确的是A．HIV通过B淋巴细胞膜表面蛋白识别，进而主要攻击B淋巴细胞B．胸腺发育不良会影响T淋巴细胞的数量，导致体液免疫能力下降C．系统性红斑狼疮是过敏原引起的淋巴细胞数量异常增加而造成的自身免疫病D．机体再次接触同种抗原时，体内浆细胞数量主要因B细胞的增殖而增多3．炎症反应是人体免疫系统清除它认为有害的物质时所发生的一系列生理反应，是免疫系统保护机体的正常反应，通常具有“红肿热痛”的表现。

但是如果炎症反应过强，就会造成太多的自体细胞损伤，而大量被破坏的细胞释放出细胞内容物，又会进一步给免疫系统提供更多的分子信号，导致反应进一步增强。

下列说法正确的是（）A．炎症反应的发生只与免疫细胞中的淋巴细胞有关B．炎症反应引起的发热现象可能与甲状腺激素分泌增多有关C．炎症反应过强会引起与免疫缺陷病类似的自体细胞损伤的情况D．炎症反应过强会引起正反馈调节，利于维持机体的稳态4．下列关于免疫细胞的叙述，错误的是（）A．T细胞可以释放淋巴因子B．吞噬细胞和淋巴细胞均属于免疫细胞C．T淋巴细胞可以产生多种抗体D．一个浆细胞只能产生一种抗体5．如图表示淋巴细胞起源和分化过程（其中a、b、c、d表示不同种类的细胞，①、②表示有关过程），下列有关叙述正确的是（）A．b细胞可以释放淋巴因子B．产生抗体的细胞只能由b细胞直接分化形成C．①、②过程都需要抗原的刺激才能发生D．①过程属于体液免疫，②过程属于细胞免疫6．下图为抗体与病原体上的抗原结合示意图。

2018-2019学年第一学期高三第一次月考生物试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号和座位号。

用2B型铅笔把答题卡上试室号、座位号对应的信息点涂黑。

2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B型铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4．考生必须保持答题卡整洁。

考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、单项选择题1. 下列有关核酸的叙述中，正确的是（）①人体中含A、C、T这3种碱基的核苷酸共有5种②只要把DNA单链中的T换成U就是RNA了③老鼠细胞质中的遗传物质是RNA④一种病毒同时含有DNA和RNA⑤原核细胞中既有DNA，也有RNA⑥鉴定物种可以选择蛋白质、DNA、RNA、核苷酸A. 只有①⑤B. ①②⑤⑥C. ③④⑤⑥D. ①②③④【答案】A【解析】①人体内由A碱基参与合成的核苷酸有2种，由C碱基参与合成的核苷酸有2种，由T碱基参与合成的核苷酸有1种，①正确；②DNA的基本单位是脱氧核糖核苷酸，RNA的基本单位是核糖核苷酸，两者之间五碳糖也不同，不仅仅是碱基的区别，②错误；③老鼠的遗传物质是DNA，③错误；④病毒有且只有一种核酸，要么是DNA，要么是RNA，④错误；⑤原核细胞具有细胞结构，细胞内既有DNA，也有RNA，只有病毒的体内只含有一种核酸，⑤正确；⑥鉴定物种可以选择蛋白质、DNA、RNA，但是不能选择核苷酸，⑥错误；所以正确的选A。

【考点定位】核酸的结构和功能【名师点睛】注意：（1）细胞内由A碱基参与合成的核苷酸有2种（腺嘌呤脱氧核糖核苷酸和腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸），由C碱基参与合成的核苷酸有2种（胞嘧啶脱氧核糖核苷酸和胞嘧啶核糖核苷酸），由T碱基参与合成的核苷酸有1种（胸腺嘧啶脱氧核糖核苷酸），由U碱基参与合成的核苷酸有1种（尿嘧啶核糖核苷酸），由G碱基参与合成的核苷酸有2种（鸟嘌呤核糖核苷酸和鸟嘌呤核糖核苷酸）。