北京市首都师范大学附属中学2020_2021学年高一第一学期开学分班考试试题物理【含解析】

2020北京首师大附中高一（上）开学考试物 理2020.8一、本题共13小题，每小题3分，共39分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

把答案用2B 铅笔填涂在答题卡上。

1. 下列物理量中属于标量的是（ ）A. 时间B. 位移C. 速度D. 加速度2. 如图所示，甲同学从操场上点出发，先向东走了一段距离到达点，然后又向北走了一段距离到达点；乙A B C 同学从点出发沿直线到达点．甲、乙两位同学的（ ）A CA. 路程相同，位移相同B. 路程相同，位移不同C. 路程不同，位移相同D. 路程不同，位移不同3. 如图所示，力F 1、F 2是两个相互垂直的共点力，其中，。

则F 1、F 2的合力大小为13N F =24N F =A. 1NB. 2NC. 5ND. 7N4. 将实验和逻辑推理（包括数学演算）和谐地结合起来，从而发展了人类的科学思维方式和科学研究方法的科学家是：A. 笛卡尔B. 牛顿C. 伽利略D. 亚里士多德5. 如图所示，电灯吊在天花板上。

下面属于一对作用力与反作用力的是（ ）A. 灯受到的重力与灯对悬线的拉力B. 灯受到的重力与悬线对灯的拉力C. 灯对悬线的拉力与悬线对灯的拉力D. 灯受到的重力与悬线对天花板的拉力 6. 关于加速度的定义式，下列说法正确的是 ∆=∆v a tA. 加速度a 的大小与速度变化量成正比v ∆B. 加速度a 的大小与时间成反比t ∆C. 加速度a 的方向与速度变化量的方向相反v ∆D. 加速度a 的方向与速度变化量的方向相同v ∆7. 一质量为5.0kg 的木箱以某初速度沿水平面向右滑行，同时施加一个水平向右的拉力，大小为10N 。

已知木箱与地面间的动摩擦因数为0.3，取重力加速度g =10m/s 2。

关于木箱所受的摩擦力，下列说法正确的是A. 大小为5N ，方向水平向右B. 大小为5N ，方向水平向左C. 大小为15N ，方向水平向右D. 大小为15N ，方向水平向左8. 如图所示，用卡车运输质量为m 的匀质圆筒状工件，将工件置于两光滑固定斜面I 、Ⅱ之间，斜面的倾角分别为30°和60°。

首师大附中2020-2021学年度第一学期高一郊区分校分班考试试题英语2020.8一、阅读理解（共32小题，每小题2分，共64分）AIn the short time Steve and Zach had been inside their tent packing their tools,wind-blown flame had skipped from the top of one tree to another.The long dry summer had turned the forest into a tinderbox.“Let’s go!We can make it back to the river we crossed today!”Steve kept Brady on the lead and their heads down against the fire-wind.But Brady barked a sharp warning.Ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track.They would never make it through that.The dog was pulling at his lead trying to draw them away from the smoke,and yet Steve was uneasy.It seemed to him that they were moving away from the river.Suddenly,Zach cried.“Zach!”Steve shouted.“Are you OK?Where are you?”Then Brady pulled Steve down a sharp slope(坡).At its base,Zach was rubbing his ankle.As Steve helped his friend to his feet,Brady lifted his head and snuffed(嗅)the smoke-laden wind.Next moment,the dog bounded away and disappeared.The boys shouted for him,but he didn’t come back.Steve couldn’t blame Brady for panicking.He himself wanted to run even though he didn’t have a clue which way.Steve and Zach hadn’t gone far when there was a familiar bark,and Brady came bounding, stopped directly in front of Steve and hit him with his head,pushing him back toward the slope they’d just climbed.But Steve didn’t get it.Then Brady grabbed the boy’s jeans and started pulling.The message was clear,but Steve hesitated.Of course he remembered Brady saving his uncle’s life when the dog was much younger.Was he still sharp enough to get them through this?Nearby,a pine went up in a whoosh of smoke.Brady pulled again,urgently.“OK,big guy,”Steve gritted(咬紧牙关).Brady led them back down the slope and into the trees.Not far from them fire was touching underbrush.Several times the big dog stopped.Often he changed directions.Steve was so tired that he just wanted to rest,but Brady wouldn’t have it.The dog bullied both boys to go on.How long they’d walked Steve had no idea.He was almost numb when he heard it—the wonderful sound of rushing water!1.What happened to Steve and Zach at first?A.They got injured.B.They lost their dog.C.They were trapped.D.They became separated.2.Brady ran away to______.A.seek helpB.find a way outC.rescue ZachD.escape for life3.How did Steve feel after Brady pulled his jeans?A.Uneasy.B.Impatient.C.Numb.D.Uncertain.4.The passage basically describes________.A.an adventureB.an explorationC.an escape gameD.a training programBMost groups of plants and animals are richer in species and more plentiful near the equator.In the ocean,that holds true for cold-blooded predators(掠食者).But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots.Why?John Grady,an ecologist,and his team considered the possibility—warm-blooded animals need a lot to fuel their metabolism(新陈代谢).Perhaps colder waters are just richer in small fish? But they found that at higher,colder places,there isn’t actually much more food around.It’s more that warm-blooded animals are eating a much bigger share of it than their cold-blooded competitors.The real explanation is simple.An animal’s speed,swiftness,and intelligence depend on its metabolism,which in turn depends on its temperature.Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions,they remain fast and attentive.By contrast,the fish they hunt become slower and duller.At some tipping point of temperature,seals,dolphins,and penguins start outswimming their prey(猎物).They become more likely to come upon targets and outpace the cold-blooded predators of their own.In Grady’s words,“Warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow,stupid and cold.”That’s why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator,but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals.By keeping food to themselves in the poles,these creatures can then specialize on specific types of prey,which makes them more likely to split into separate species.The killer whales of the North Pacific,for example,include mammal-eating transients and fish-eating,year-round residents.But the world is changing.It’s likely that the surface of the oceans will warm by2to3℃within this century.Grady’s team estimates that every time the ocean’s surface warms by1℃, populations of sea mammals will fall by12%,and populations of seals and sea lions will fall by 24%.But“predictions are hard,”Donna Hauser from the University of Alaska Fairbanks notes.“Polar bears are losers of a warming world,but some populations are still doing well.Some groups of whales have changed the timing of their migrations;others are hunting in deeper,colder waters.These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates.Maybe they just need to find the places where fish remain slow,stupid and cold.”5.Why are there more types of warm-blooded predators near the poles?A.Because there is more food.B.Because there are fewer enemies.C.Because they are faster and wiser.D.Because they consume less energy.6.The author mentions the killer whales to show______.A.the benefit of biological evolutionB.food preference of different sea mammalsC.the distinction of specific types of predatorsD.the advantage of constant body temperature7.What is Donna Hauser’s attitude towards the future of the sea mammals?A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Sceptical.8.Which is the best title for the passage?A.Are the Poles Heaven for Sea Predators?B.How Do Sea Mammals Track Their Prey?C.Why Do the Warm-Blooded Like Food Cold?D.Is the World Too Hot for the Warm-Blooded?CLast fall,I happened to overhear a student telling the others he had decided not to sign up for an introductory philosophy course.The demands of his major,he said seriously,meant he needed to take“practical”courses,and“enlightenment”would simply have to wait.For now, employability was the most important.The students’conversation fits into a larger alarming narrative about the role of the humanities in higher education.In a time of dizzying technological achievement and of rapid scientific innovation,sceptics of the humanities may question the usefulness of studying Aristotle, the Italian Renaissance or Chinese fiction.Actually,I regret not interrupting that student to argue for taking that introductory philosophy course.I would have started by reminding him that,for much of America’s history,college graduates were not considered truly educated unless they had mastered philosophy,literature, political theory and history.The key role of higher education was to invite students into the conversations about matters like what it means to be alive and the definition of justice.Fostering engagement with these subjects is still an essential part of the university’s function in society.I would have also mentioned to the student that he was misinformed about the job market.It is true that many employers are looking for graduates with specialized technical skills,but they also look for other capabilities.As the world is transformed by artificial intelligence,machine learning and automation,the unique human qualities of creativity,imagination and moral reasoning will be the ultimate coin of the realm.All these skills are developed in humanities courses.Further,I would have argued that while a degree anchored in the sciences is an important precondition for many jobs,it is not the only route.Look no further than the founders of companies such as LinkedIn,Slack and Flickr,who are among the many tech businesspersons with degrees in the humanities,and who credit that training for their success.Contrary to the widely held belief that humanities majors have a hard time getting jobs, recent studies show that those with humanities degrees are successful in the workplace, experiencing low rates of unemployment and reporting high levels of job satisfaction.The ratio between average median(中位数)incomes for humanities degree holders and those with business, engineering,and health and medical sciences degrees has been shown to narrow over the course of a career.The case for the humanities can also be understood in less transactional terms and more as a foundational preparation for a life well lived.A humanities education plays a vital role in encouraging citizens to lead an examined life.It fosters critical thinking,self-reflection,empathy and tolerance,the usefulness of which only becomes more apparent as one navigates life’s challenges.By all means,students should take courses they think practical and follow their interests,but if they also make a point of studying the literature of the Renaissance,or researching into modern poetry,or even taking introductory philosophy,we will all benefit.9.What do the students’conversation show?A.Students feel employment difficult.B.Students think philosophy less important.C.Students find scientific innovation amazing.D.Students consider university courses unsatisfying.10.What does the underlined part in Paragraph4probably mean?A.Highly valued.B.Equally applied.C.Strictly assessed.D.Greatly improved.11.The author may agree that humanities_____.A.discover students’artistic abilityB.prepare students for graduationC.raise awareness of social statusD.provide great insights into life12.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?A BC DI:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionDFlying HighBarrington Irving made his historic flight and founded an educational non-profit-making organization.His message for kids:“The only thing that separates you from scientists is determination,hard work and a strong liking for what you want to achieve.”The secret,he believes,is having a dream in the first place,and that starts with learning experiences that inspire kids to build careers.The moment of inspiration for Irving came at the age of15in his parents’bookstore.One customer,a professional pilot,asked Irving if he’d thought about becoming a pilot.“I told him I didn’t think I was smart enough;but the next day he took me to the cockpit(驾驶舱)of the commercial airplane he flew,and just like that I was hooked.”To follow his dream,Irving turned down a football scholarship to the University of Florida. He washed airplanes to earn money for a flight school and increased his flying skills by practising at home on a$40flight simulator(模拟)video game.Then another dream took hold:flying alone around the world.He faced more than50rejections for sponsorship before convincing some companies to donate aircraft components.He took off with no weather radar,no de-icing system, and just$30in his pocket.“I like to do things people say I can’t do.”After97days,26stops and dozens of thunderstorms,he touched down to a cheering crowd in Miami.“It was seeing so many young people watching and listening that pushed me into giving back with my knowledge and experience.”Irving has been doing it ever since.He set up his non-profit-making organization,Experience Aviation(航空),aiming to increase the numbers of youth in aviation and science-related careers.Kids attend programmes dealing with hands-on robotics projects and flight simulator challenges.“We want to create chances for students to accomplish something amazing,”he notes. Perhaps Irving’s most powerful educational tool is the example his own life provides.After landing his record-breaking flight at age23,he said,“Everyone told me I was too young,that I didn’t have enough experience,strength,or knowledge.They told me it would take forever and I’d never come home.Well...guess what?”13.According to Irving,what is the most important in achieving success?A.Meeting people who provide unexpected help.B.Getting a chance to study technical knowledge.C.Having something specific that you want to accomplish.D.Developing communication with different organizations.14.What Irving replied to the pilot in the bookstore suggested that______.A.he felt embarrassed to refuse the offerB.he was doubtful about his own abilitiesC.he knew his efforts would be rewardedD.he realized immediately how lucky he was15.What can we learn about Irving in Paragraph3?A.He chose to reduce his budget as low as possible.B.He was finally given enough money to keep going.C.He got the most useful flying tips from his video game.D.He took on a further challenge after he knew how to fly.16.Irving set up his non-profit-making organization because______.A.he hoped to become a public figureB.he expected to start a business in other fieldsC.he saw there was great interest in what he was doingD.he thought he could teach more than flight schools couldETraining the BrainPeople who can accomplish unbelievable tasks,such as memorizing thousands of random numbers in under an hour,state that they just have normal brains.Some memory superstars compete in Olympic-like World Memory Championships.These mental athletes,or MAs for short, can memorize names of dozens of strangers in a few minutes or any poem handed them.Ed Cooke, a24-year-old MA,explains they see themselves as participants rescuing the long-lost art ofmemory training.These techniques existed not to recall useless information,but to cut into the brain basic text and ideas.A study in the journal Nature examined eight people who finished near the top of the World Memory Championships.The scientists examined whether their brains were fundamentally different from everyone else’s or whether they were simply making better use of memorizing abilities we all possess.They put the MAs and control subjects into brain scanners and had them memorize numbers and photographs.The result surprised everyone.The brains of the MAs and those of the control subjects were indistinguishable.On every test,the MAs scored in the normal range.However,when the scientists examined what part of the brain was used during a memory activity,they found the MAs relied more heavily on areas in the brain involved in spatial memory.MAs offer an explanation:anything can be fixed upon our memories and kept in order by constructing a building in the imagination and filling it with pictures of what needs to be recalled. Dating back to the fifth century,the building is called a memory palace.Even as late as the fourteenth century,when there were copies of any text,scholars needed to remember what was read to them.Reading to remember requires a different technique than speed reading.If something is made memorable,it has to be repeated.Until relatively recently,people read only a few books intensively(细致地)again and again,usually aloud.Today we read extensively,usually only once and without continuous focus.So the great difference is the ability to create impressive pictures in mind and to do it quickly. Using memory palaces,MAs create memorized pictures.For example,recombine the pictures to form unforgettable scenes such as the ways through a town.One competitor used his own body parts to help him memorize a57,000-word dictionary.Anyone who wishes to train the mind needs first to create fantastical palaces in the imagination.Then they should cut each building into cubbyholes for memories.In a short amount of time,they will notice improvement with remembering things.To keep the skill sharp,MAs deliberately empty their palaces after competitions,so they can reuse them and they recommend that beginners do the same.17.We can learn from Paragraph2that a mental athlete______.A.owns a brain that is larger in sizeB.shows a gift in mental ability testses the memorizing technique betterD.depends less on the areas that control spatial memory18.Why does the author mention“speed reading”in Paragraph3?A.To discuss the memorizing technique in the fifth century.B.To give the reason why people read only a few books carefully.C.To explain the text fourteenth century scholars had to remember.D.To compare the type of reading nowadays with that of earlier times.19.What can be inferred from Paragraph4?A.There is a variety of unforgettable scenes.B.Memory palaces can be quickly forgotten.C.Impressive pictures are in actual buildings.D.One person probably has57,000body parts.20.What does the underlined word“cubbyholes”in the last paragraph probably mean?A.Small spaces.B.Blacks holes.C.Technical skills.D.Different numbers.FEarly or Later Day CareMany young parents are confused about whether their children should have early day care, and there have always been different views on this subject.The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby believes that separation from parents during the sensitive“attachment”period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality and lead to psychological problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before three because of the parental separation it causes,and many people do believe this.According to Bowlby,a great deal of psychological harm can occur when young children are separated from their parents.If they are left without touch for a while,they will have a higher stress level.Parents’influence on their children’s well-being may never be greater than during the earliest years of life,when a child’s brain is developing rapidly and when nearly all of her or his experiences are shaped by parents and the family environment.However,there are critics.Some anthropologists(人类学家)point out that the love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.There has been a long history of the fact that father and mother did not bring up their children alone.Plato,around394B.C.,argued that a system of early child care would free women to participate in society.Results from Israeli and Dutch studies show that child-raising duties are more evenly distributed among a broader group of people.Besides,studies have reported that early day care has a neutral or slightly positive effect on children’s development.They learn the benefits of being socially smart,understanding the concept of sharing and caring.They promote concentration skills,which is very important in their learning.There are games where children are taught basic language and mathematical skills through stories and everyday examples.Common sense tells us that early day care would not be so widespread if children had problems with it.But Bowlby’s analysis raises the possibility that it has delayed effects.The possibility that such care might lead to more mental illness15or20years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three dislike leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three almost all children find it easy to go to the nursery.The matter,then,is far from being clearly known,though experience and available evidence indicate that early day care is reasonable for young children.21.The passage mainly argues whether______.A.children over three will accept school educationB.children under three should be sent to nursery schoolsC.the family relationship is different in traditional societiesD.early day care should be totally replaced in modern societies22.Which of the following supports Bowlby’s theory?A.Early day care wouldn’t be so popular if it had negative effects.B.Separation from parents for young children is common in history.C.Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.D.Studies show early day care has a positive effect on children’s development.23.The author’s attitude towards early day care is that______.A.children under three should stay with their parentsB.it has potential benefits for both children and parentsC.the bad effect of it on children will disappear as they grow upD.it is controversial and the settlement calls for the use of statistics24.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?A. B.C. D.I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionGDear Dad,You are a person I do not know and would probably not recognize as I only saw an old photo of you a long time ago.I think and wonder about you often,especially when I have no one to talk to about the Saturday fixtures(体育活动).One day when I grow up I will do an Internet search to find you,but I am not sure whether I will be successful as several attempts by the Child Support Agency have not been successful.Happy Father’s Day,Dad.Love,Andrew25.What did Miss Dalrymple ask her students to do?A.Hand out the paper and art materials.B.Make a special card for their fathers.C.Make a celebration plan for Father’s Day.D.Carry out a school activity on the weekend.26.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph2indicate?A.The students were not willing to finish the task.B.The students were eager to carry out the activity.C.The students didn’t get along well with each other.D.The students’family conditions were quite different.27.Why did Andrew have difficulty in making a special card for his father?A.Because he had never seen his father.B.Because his father was not a successful man.C.Because he forgot all the things his father did.D.Because he and his grandma didn’t like his father.28.What can we learn from Andrew’s letter?A.Andrew’s father has been dead.B.Andrew’s father can’t recognize him.C.Andrew is eager to meet his father.D.Andrew is sure of finding his father.HIf you analyze people’s actions,you will come to the conclusion that they all seek happiness. Every act is in fact a search for it,even if on the surface it doesn’t look so.Happiness is always the main target.Going to the movies,eating in a restaurant and going to a party are all motivated by the desire to be happy.Who does not dream of a vacation in some fascinating locations,a new car,a new house,or the ideal match?All people daydream,and some even try to make their dream a reality.And why is that?In order to be happy!Many people endanger themselves by climbing steep mountains,entering unexplored caves, or diving into the deep of the ocean in order to enjoy the few moments of happiness.A thief may steal because he loves the thrill of danger,or because he desires to have quick money to spend.He is actually looking for happiness,though in a perverted way.Of course not all actions end in happiness.The motive is happiness,but the results do not always bring the desire.According to some spiritual traditions,we are spiritual beings in physical bodies.The spiritual part is always happy.Rather,it is happiness itself.But the physical body covers this happiness essence(本质).There is a constant desire to find out this happiness.This isthe reason why happiness is constantly sought.However,there is no need to search for happiness or to create it,or to have all kinds of outer experiences and actions in order to feel it.On the contrary,everything has to be dropped in order to experience it.Every technique,which helps to relax the mind and calm the rush of thoughts will lead to happiness.29.From the first two paragraphs,we can learn that________.A.happiness is a daydreamB.it is very hard to analyze people’s actionsC.many things people do are to attain happinessD.one should act carefully so as not to show his purpose30.The underlined word“perverted”in Paragraph3most likely means______.A.illegalB.unfairC.cautiousD.difficult31.According to the author,why do people seek happiness all the time?A.All actions don’t result in the expected happiness.B.There is little awareness of the nature of happiness.C.One’s physical body is controlled by his spiritual part.D.People are so greedy that it’s hard to satisfy their desires.32.What is the author’s attitude towards seeking happiness?A.Objective.B.Favourable.C.Doubtful.D.Disapproving.二、语法填空（共20小题，共40分）AOn the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.I 33（voice）my biggest concern to my mother.＂How will I make friends?＂She handed me advice.＂Be yourself.＂For the past20years.I have lived by these words.Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world.Nervously34（face）challenges,I know I will whisper to35（I）the two simple words＂Be yourself＂.BEarth Day,36（mark）on22April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.First celebrated371970,the Day now includes events in more than190countries and regions（地区）.No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various38（activity）on Earth Day.You can plant a tree,make a meal with locally grown vegetables,or save power—the possibilities are endless.CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question39（suggest）that,for most students,it doesn’t.What students do at college seems to matter much more than40they go.The students benefitting most from college are those41are totally engaged（参与）in academic life,taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources（资源）.Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend,and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 42（meaning）college experience.DThe polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of88°,there is evidence43they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.It is difficult to figure out a globalpopulation of polar bears as much of the range has been44(poor)studied;however, biologists calculate that there are about20,000-25,000polar bears worldwide.Modem methods45tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive46(perform)consistently over a large area.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut47(report)increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a48(believe)that populations are increasing.Scientists have responded by49(note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are50(high)than they actually are.Of51nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six52 (be)stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.三、完型填空（共20题，共30分）A Welcome GiftDario and his mother loved their new apartment．The living room was large enough for their piano．That night，the two of them（53）side by side at the piano．They played jazz musicto celebrate their new home．The loud（54）filled the room and made them feel very happy．The next morning，（55），their happiness disappeared．Someone had left a（56）under their door during the night．One of their neighbor had written to complain（抱怨）about the sound of the piano．Dario's mother asked the building superintendent（管理员）if he knew anything about it．But he said that they were all（57）people and he couldn't imagine any of them had done that．Later that morning，Dario suggested that they write a letter to their（58）and apologize for their playing．"Maybe we could go and（59）everyone in person．"his mother said．"What if we invited them to come here for a（60）instead？Dario asked．They both loved the（61）．Over the next few days，they sent out invitations and prepared desserts（62）their guests．They decorated the apartment with streamers（彩带）and party lights．Finally，the day of the party（63）．Some guests brought presents．Others brought flowers．Some even brought desserts to（64）．One woman，Mrs．Gilbert，（65）Dario's mother with a book of piano music by Chopin．"I heard you playing the other night，"she said．"The sounds woke me out of bed．I（66）that you might play like this every night．So I wrote a short note．I hope you don't think I disliked the playing．"Dario's mother smiled at Mrs．Gilbert．"I think maybe we（67）you an apology．"she said．"I didn't（68）how late it was when we were playing．Maybe we should play some quieter music at night．"You play，you play!"Mrs．Gilbert said．"I like what you play!Just not so loud at night．"She pointed to the book she had given them．"These songs are not such（69）music．""These songs are beautiful music．"Dario's mother said．"We will be（70）to play themin the evening．""And we won't play so loud or late!"Dario said．He was already looking forward to（71）the new music．More than that，however，he was happy to see the big smile on his mother's face．It gave him a feeling of（72）and made him feel that they were home at last．53．A．sat B．stood C．lay D．walked。

2020年北京市首师大附中2020级高一新生入学分班考试试题注意事项：1.请在试卷和答题卡上写清学校、姓名、考号等个人信息2.请将答案全部作答在答题卡上，考试结束后，将答题卡与试卷、草稿纸全部收回3.在答题卡中选择题用2B铅笔作答，画图题用2B铅笔作答，其余非选择题全用0.5mm黑色碳素笔作答，否则答题无效一、阅读理解（共15小题，每题2分，共30分）AHere are some Chinatowns for those outside of China wishing to celebrate the Chinese New Year.LondonAlthough it may not be as large or as long-built as others,having only become a center for the Chinese community during the1950s,London’s Chinatown is perfectly formed little firework(烟花) that knows how to see in the year with a bang.Decorated(装饰)with red lanterns,previous years have seen shows with acrobatics,martial arts,dance and opera nearby.San FranciscoSan Francisco’s Chinatown is perhaps the most famous in the USA.The city was the main entry-point for Chinese who had crossed the Pacific to the USA during the early19th century. Between the Grant Avenue and the Stockton Street,this historic area is a local treasure,attracting more visitors per year than the Golden Gate Bridge.BangkokWith an about100-year-old history,the Thai capital’s Chinatown contains complex streets offering all kinds of tasty food,clothes,and toys.Sunday market days are such a good time to get the full atmosphere of the neighborhood.The area is also famous for its gold dealers,and there are lots of gold shops along the road.MauritiusFound in Port Louis,this Mauritian Chinatown shows the island nation’s rich multicultural diversity.Built in the early years of the20th century by settlers from China,its tiny shops andrestaurants serve locals and visitors.During the Chinese Spring Festival,the most exciting sight is the Dragon Dances on Rue Royale when Chinese musicians and dancers perform the traditional lion dances through the streets.1.Which of the following has the longest history?A.London’s Chinatown.B.San Francisco’s Chinatown.C.Mauritius’s Chinatown.D.Bangkok’s Chinatown.2.What’s special about Bangkok’s Chinatown?A.It is crowded with Chinese restaurants.B.It is the major entrance for the Chinese.C.It is well-known for its gold business.D.You can enjoy fireworks there.3.If you want to enjoy the Dragon Dances,you can go to________.A.Rue Royale in Port Louis,MauritiusB.the Sunday market in BangkokC.the Grant Avenue in San FranciscoD.the Chinese community in London【答案】1.B 2.C 3.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。

北京师大附中新高一分班考试化学一、选择题1．将一定质量的铜锌合金的粉末加入到一定量的硝酸银溶液中充分反应后过滤，向滤渣中滴加少量的稀盐酸，有气泡产生，下列说法正确的是（）A．滤液中的溶质一定含有硝酸铜 B．滤液中溶质一定不含硝酸银C．滤渣中可能含有银和锌 D．滤渣中一定没有铜2．下列图像能正确反映其对应关系的是A．向氢氧化钠溶液中加水稀释B．浓硫酸敞口放置一段时间C．向饱和石灰水中加入少量生石灰D．催化剂对过氧化氢分解的影响3．除去下列各物质中少量杂质，所选用的试剂和操作方法均正确的是（）选项物质(括号内为杂质）试剂操作方法A Fe 粉(CuSO4)加水溶解、过滤、洗涤、干燥B MnO2固体(KC1)加水溶解、过滤、洗涤、干燥C CO2 (H2)足量氧气点燃D KNO3溶液（K2SO4)过量Ba(NO3)2溶液过滤A．A B．B C．C D．D 4．下列归纳和总结完全正确的一组是A．化学与生活B．化学与安全①用甲醛可保鲜海产品②用熟石灰改良酸性土壤③用生石灰作食品干燥剂①点燃氢气前一定要检验纯度②进行化学实验时配戴护目镜③发现厨房中天然气泄漏马上拨打119报警C．化学与资源D．化学与发现①塑料的使用一定程度上保护了金属资源②稀土是宝贵的不可再生资源③海洋中蕴藏着丰富的化学资源①卢瑟福确定了原子的核式结构②拉瓦锡第一个发现并提出了质量守恒定律③门捷列夫发现元素周期律并编制元素周期表A．A B．B C．C D．D5．下列除杂方案中（括号中物质是杂质），正确的是（）A．N2（O 2）：通过红热的木炭 B．烧碱（纯碱）：加适量稀盐酸、蒸发C．Cu（CuO）：加过量的盐酸溶液并过滤 D．NaHCO3（Na2CO3）：高温煅烧6．向硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜的混合溶液中加入一些锌粉，充分反应后，过滤，得到滤渣A和滤液。

将滤渣A加入少量稀硫酸中，有气泡产生。

以下对滤渣A的组成成分判断的五种情况，其中合理的有①Cu ②Fe、Cu ③Zn、Fe ④Zn、Cu ⑤Zn、Fe、CuA．②⑤ B．②③ C．②③④⑤ D．①②⑤7．除去下列物质中含有的杂质所选用的试剂或操作方法不正确的一组是（）物质所含杂质除去杂质的试剂或方法A CO依次通过足量的NaOH和浓硫酸B KCl加入，加热C NaCl过量盐酸，蒸发D浓硫酸，干燥A．A B．B C．C D．D8．将一个不与盐酸反应的小球放入盛有盐酸的烧杯中，小球漂浮在液面上，将几枚洁净的小铁钉投入烧杯中，当不再有气泡逸出时（忽略溶液体积的变化），小球的位置与开始时比较，将（）A．下沉一些 B．不变 C．上浮一些 D．无法判断9．取一定质量的CaCO3高温煅烧一段时间后冷却，测得剩余固体为12.8 g，向剩余固体中加入200 g稀盐酸，恰好完全反应，得到208.4 g不饱和溶液。

首师大附中2020-2021学年度郊区分校入学分班测试高一语文参考答案一、现代文阅读【答案】1.D 2.C 3.C【解析】1.试题分析：本题考查对文本内容的辨析。

首先浏览选项，然后到文中找到与选项相关的语句，进行比较、辨析。

D项，“古不一定高尚，今不一定卑鄙”是对“古何必高，今何必卑哉”的曲解，“高”“卑”是就文学创作水平高低而言的。

2.试题分析∶本题考查对文本内容的辨析。

首先浏览选项，然后到文中找到与选项相关的语句，进行比较、辨析。

C项，"这些奇奥的古文在古代都是街谈巷议的大白话"说法绝对，原文是"今人看来是古文奇奥'的，或许在古时也只是街谈巷语的大白话而已"，只是一种推测。

3.试题分析：题干问的是“根据原文内容，下列理解和分析不正确的一项”，可见本题考查对作者观点的理解及理解和分析文章内容的能力。

如本题C项，“彻底摆脱了古人、古文、古语的束缚”错。

【答案】4.D 5.①知识丰富，才思敏捷。

②说话直率，乐于表现。

③有叛逆精神，不落俗套，见解独到。

④极为害怕父亲，有软弱的一面。

6.①“微笑点头”是满意。

宝玉题的对额确实体现出过人的才气，超出众人甚远，众人的称赞更是让贾政很有面子，“微笑”体现的是贾政掩饰不住的得意。

②“冷笑怒斥”是正话反说，掩饰自己的得意，维护自己的形象。

贾政一边不顾事实，故意贬低宝玉，一边又不断否定众人的意见，给宝玉展示的机会。

这样众人就越会起劲儿地夸奖宝玉，这会让贾政更受用，同时贾政也是想在众人面前体现自己教子严厉，维护自己大家长的威严形象。

③“冷笑怒斥”也是训诫。

宝玉按捺不住的表现欲，表现出年少轻狂的意味；对父亲的话也不客气地反驳，流露出叛逆的意味。

这些让贾政不喜欢，他不想让儿子过于骄傲。

【解析】4.试题分析：D项，“宝玉凭自己的才华完胜前者”错。

宝玉完胜前者不一定都凭借自己的才华。

文人清客们知道贾政的用意，有故意相让的可能。

首师大附中2020-2021学年度第一学期高一入学考试试题物理2020.8一、本题共13小题，每小题3分，共39分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

把答案用2B 铅笔填涂在答题卡上。

1. 下列物理量中属于标量的是（ ） A. 时间 B. 位移C. 速度D. 加速度【答案】A 【解析】【详解】A ．时间是只有大小，没有方向的标量，故A 正确；BCD ．位移、速度、加速度都是既有大小，又有方向的矢量，故BCD 错误。

故选A 。

2. 如图所示，甲同学从操场上A 点出发，先向东走了一段距离到达B 点，然后又向北走了一段距离到达C 点；乙同学从A 点出发沿直线到达C 点．甲、乙两位同学的（ ）A. 路程相同，位移相同B. 路程相同，位移不同 C 路程不同，位移相同 D. 路程不同，位移不同 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】甲同学从A 出发，经过B 点到达C 点，路程等于AB 段长度与BC 段长度之和，位移等于AC 段长度，方向从A 指向C ；乙同学的路程与位移均等于AC 段长度，方向从A 指向C ，故C 正确，ABD 错误。

3. 如图所示，力F 1、F 2是两个相互垂直共点力，其中13N F =，24N F =。

则F 1、F 2的合力大小为A. 1NB. 2NC. 5ND. 7N【答案】C 【解析】【详解】根据力的平行四边形定则，可知质点所受F 1和F 2的合力大小为：222212=345N F F F +=+=合故C 正确，ABD 错误； 故选C 。

4. 将实验和逻辑推理（包括数学演算）和谐地结合起来，从而发展了人类的科学思维方式和科学研究方法的科学家是： A. 笛卡尔 B. 牛顿C. 伽利略D. 亚里士多德 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】将实验和逻辑推理（包括数学演算）和谐地结合起来，从而发展了人类的科学思维方式和科学研究方法的科学家是伽利略，故选项B 正确，选项ACD 错误．【点睛】本题考查物理学史，是常识性问题，对于物理学上重大发现、发明、著名理论要加强记忆，这也是考试内容之一．5. 如图所示，电灯吊在天花板上。