初中英语现在完成时详解

初中英语现在完成时的知识点归纳知识点1：现在完成时的构成现在完成时由助动词have/has加上过去分词构成。

当主语是第三人称单数时，要使用has；其他情况下使用have。

例如：I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了作业）She has eaten breakfast.（她已经吃完早饭）知识点2：现在完成时的用法（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调完成的结果。

例如：I have read that book.（我读过那本书）（强调现在了解并记住这本书的内容）（2）表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在。

例如：She has lived in London for five years.（她在伦敦住了五年了）（强调过去到现在一直在伦敦住）（3）表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，可能还会继续下去。

例如：They have been friends since they were kids.（他们从小就是朋友）（强调过去到现在一直是朋友，可能还会继续保持朋友关系）知识点3：现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时常与以下时间状语连用：just（刚刚）、already（已经）、never（从来没有）、ever（曾经）、yet（还、仍然）、recently （最近）、since（自从）、for（持续了多久）等。

例如：I have just finished my homework.（我刚刚完成了作业）Have you ever been to America?（你去过美国吗？）They haven't seen each other since last year.（他们自从去年就没有见过面了）知识点4：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态。

例如：He has lost his key.（他丢了钥匙，结果是他现在找不到）He lost his key.（他丢了钥匙）知识点5：现在完成时否定句和疑问句的构成现在完成时的否定句和疑问句构成是在助动词have/has之后加not 或否定词，疑问句将助动词have/has提到句首。

一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用；
现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week, … ago, in June, in 1980, just now… ---具体的时间状语
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, recently, yet, just, till/until, up to now, in the past few years…….---模糊的时间状语
现在完成时
The present perfect tense
现在完成时的结构：
have/：第一、二人称及复数 规则动词
has：第三人称单数 不规则动词
主语+have/has + 过去分词 + 宾语 + 状语
1. Sally took a photo of her friends while they ______ computer games. A. play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing 2. The last time I ______ to the cinema was two years ago. A. go B. have gone C. have been D. went 3.Mark ______ in China for ten years and now he teaches Chinese in Britain.( A. has worked B. worked C. had worked D. is working
He has come here for two years. F The old man has died for five months. F They have left only for three minutes. F 请把以上三个句子改正确 He has been here for two years. The old man has been dead for five months. They have been out only for three minutes.

• Is your father in ?
•
No, heha__s_g__o_n__e__t_o___ to Shenzhen.
•
H__a__s___he everb_e_e__n__ there before ?
•
Yes, heh_a_s__b_e__e_n_____ there several times
ago.
A. Did…copy…did
B. Have…copied…have
C. Have…copied…did D. Did …copy…had
5. “Why _A_____ she _______ angry ?”
“Because he _____ at her just now .”
A. did…get…shouted B. has…got…shouted
A. Have…gone to B. Have…gone in
C. Have…been to D. Have …been in
3. My brother _C___college for over three years.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been at
但是不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
短暂性动词变延续性动词：
• join --- be in / a
2) comeb-e-- in / at
• 3) borrow ---keep 4) buy -h-a-ve
5) arrive ---be
6) leave b--e- away (from)
7) begin --b- e on
• It has been colds_in__c_e__ two weeks ago.

如今完成时【1 】一.如今完成时组成组成：如今完成时由助动词have + 曩昔分词组成,助动词have 有人称和数的变更.第三人称单数用has,其余用have.如今完成时的否认式直接在助动词后面加上not.疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前.以study 为例,其否认式.疑问式和简略答复情势如下：1.如今完成时平日暗示在措辞之前已经完成的动作或消失的状况.措辞人强调的是该动作或状况对如今的成果或影响.My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去.I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面.She has arrived. 她到了.2.暗示中断到如今的动作或状况,往往和包含如今在内的暗示一段时光的状语连用,如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等.如：I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信.We haven’t seen you recently. 比来我们没有见到你.They have been away for two years. 他们分开已经两年了.She has been with us since Monday.①for+时段②since+曩昔一个时光点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（曩昔时）⑤It is+时段+since+从句（曩昔时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.留意：since和for的差别since后接时光点,如1993,last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时光,暗示“长达多久”,如ten years, a while, two days等.3.暗示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等,在完成时当中不克不及和暗示一段时光的状语连用,因为它们暗示的动作不成能中断.是以,不克不及说：He has come here for 2 weeks. ×The old man has died for 4 months. ×They have left only for 5 minutes. ×4.has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的差别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(如今不在措辞现场,可能在路上和已经到)Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.5.如今完成时不克不及和暗示曩昔的时光状语连用,如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in,但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用.不克不及与when连用.如今完成时往往同暗示不肯定的曩昔时光状语连用例如：She has already come. 她已经来了.I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个.I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他.Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一向是个勤学生.I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他.They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安.I haven't seen him lately. 我比来没看到他.三.如今完成时的标记1.如今完成时的寄义之一是曩昔完成的动尴尬刁难如今仍有影响,用以下四大标记词可以表达这种寄义:* 以already, just和yet为标记He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮忙.He has just seen the film.他方才看过这场片子.He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来.* 以ever和never为标记This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾看过的最好的一部片子.He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京.* 以动作产生的次数为标记He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了.* 以so far（到今朝为止）为标+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到今朝为止他已到了北京.She has passed the exam so far.到今朝为止她已经经由过程了测验.2.曩昔已经开端的动作一向延续到如今, 甚至有可能中断延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特征和“时光”点段的区分入手,进一步进修如今完成时.①for+时段②since+曩昔一个时光点（曩昔从句）为标记四. 刹时动词buy, die, join, come,go ,leave, join ……不克不及直接与for since 连用.要转变动词buy----have borrow -----keepcome/arrive/reach/get to-----be ingo out----be out leave ----be awaybegin-----be on finish----be overopen----be open close -----be closeddie----be dead1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不克不及用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2.用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不克不及用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3.用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4.用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5.用wear代替put on6.用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词be＋married代marry be＋ill代fall (get) illbe＋dead代die be＋asleep代fall (get) asleepbe＋awake代wake/wake up be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leavebe＋open代open be closed代close/shutbe＋missing(gone,lost)代lose7.用“be＋副词”代终止性动词be＋on代startbegin“be＋up”代get up“be＋back(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to“be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there8.用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to经常应用刹时动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…响应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →have been out4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open6. have got up → have been up;7. have died → have been dead;8. have left sw. → have been away fro m sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep;10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over;11. have married → have been married;12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ;13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold;18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Par ty/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…。