初中英语现在完成时
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现在完成时.含义：表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
•结构:助动词have/ has +过去分词done★ 肯定句：主语+ have/ has +过去分词done否定句：主语+ have/ has + not + 过去分词done一般疑问句：Have/ Has +主语+过去分词done简略答语：Yes,主语+ have/ has.No,主语+ have n't/ hasn ' t★过去分词：1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则：(1) . 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed :”work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited(2) .以“ e结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d :”live---lived---lived ,(3) 、以辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将”y”变为”i” ，再加“ ed :study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried(4) 、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再力口“ ed :” stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped2. 不规则动词三.用法1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有以下四大标志词:①already, just 和 yet：He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't come back yel. 他还没有回来。
② ever 和never：This is the best film I have ever see n. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。
③以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has bee n to the USA three times.④ so far, before, recently, latelyHe has bought a new car recen tly.I haven ' t heard from him Jane lately.Scientists haven' t found the cure of AIDS so far.★现在完成时不能和明确表示过去时间的状语连用，如ago, yesterday, last year, at thattime, then 等。
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的，持续到现在的动作，常与for （+时间段），since （+时间点或过去时的句子），或how long连用：①for +时段Mary has bee n ill for three days.②since +过去一个时间点（译为：自从...... 以来）He has bee n a teacher since 1998.③since + 时段+ agoHe has studied En glish since 4 years ago.④since +从句（过去时）I have lived here since I was born.⑤It is + 时段+ since + 从句（过去时）It is three days since he arrived here.★ 非延续性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, jo in, die, buy, borrow 等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与for或since等引导的时间段连用：他到这里三天了。
He has arrived here for three days.He has bee n here for three days.It is three days since he arrived here.It has bee n three days since he arrived here.四.Have gone to, have been to, 与have been in 的区另U have/has gone（to）:去了（现在不在说话现场）Where is your father ? He has gone to Shanghai.have/has been （to）:去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has bee n to Shan ghai.have/has been in :呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has bee n in Sha nghai for two months. /since two months ago.【练一练】句型转换：1. He has already gone home. He __________________ home _____________ . （否定句）___________ he __________ home __________ ? （疑问句）2. He has lunch at home. He _____________ ______________ l unch at home. （否定句）__________ he __________ lunch at home? （疑问句）3. He has bee n there twice._______________________________________ he been there? （戈U线提问）4. I have lunch at school.____________________ you ____________ lunch. （划线提问）用never, ever, already, yet, for, since 填空1. I have ______ see n him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _________ fini shed his homework _______ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught i n this school ______ ten years.4. “ Havgou _______ seen the film? “ No, I have _______ s een it.5. “ Has the bus left ______ ? “ Yes,it has _______ left. ” 翻译下列句子：1. 他们已经打扫了教室吗？2. 我们已经认识有二十年了。
3. 打那以后，她一直住在这。
4. 你曾经到过那里吗？” 不，我从来没到过那里。
5. 我父亲以前到过长城。
6. 我来到海南已经一周了。
7. 他这些天上哪儿去了？五．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时所表示的事情纯属过去，与现在情况没有关系。
现在完成时所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去发生的事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响，或一直持续着：I have lost my Nokia X7. （= I lost my Nokia X7 and I have no Nokia X7 now. ） He bought a house 10 years ago.十年前他买了栋房子。
（现在是否还拥有那栋房子就说不定了）He has bought a house. 他已经买了房子。
（到说话的这时候他仍然拥有那栋房子）【练一练】用适当的时态填空：1. She' s ____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.2. Both of them _______________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3. Both of them ______________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour ________ (pass) since the train _________ (leave).5. Mary _____ (lose) her pen. _____________ you ____________ (see) it here and there?6. __________ you ___________ (find) your watch yet?7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I ________ just ____________ (have) some orange.8. We ____________ a lready _____________ (return) the book.9. ________ they __________ (build) a new school in the village?10. I ______________ (not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father ___ (read) the novel twice.12. I _______ (buy) a book just now.13. I _______ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father _________ (read) this book since yesterday.不规则动词过去式、过去分词表（1）AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）⑶ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）（4）ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）⑸ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）小升初英语全真模拟试卷姓名：成绩：、语音知识：请区分划线部分的读音，如有一种读音，填“1”；两种读音，填“2”；三种读音，填“ 3”；四种读音，填“4”（每小题1分,共10分）( )1. A. yet B. yes C. cry D. silly_( )2. A. early B.hear C.near D. ear( )3. A. mended B. i nvited C. called D. arrived( )4. A. choose B. chess C. watch D. chemistry ( )5. A. key B. keep C. wi ne_ D. west( )6. A. wash B. fat C .about D. after( )7. A. fact B. cut C. close D. ceili ng( )8. A. above B. mome nt C. to D. opposite( )9. A. trip B. trick C. tree D. metre( )10. A. see B. best C. discover D. miss二、单项选择。
