2014年6月大学英语四级真题听力部分答案及原文

2014年6月14日大学英语4级真题与答案详解Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

PartⅡ Listening ComprehensionSection A1.M:Did you any of the sweaters that were on sale?W:Buy any? I got five of them. They were such a good bargain.Q:What does the women say about the sweaters?2.W:I have trouble concentrating when my roommate talks so loud on her mobile phone.M:Why don’t you just ask her to lower her voice?Q:What does the man suggest the woman do?3.W:Wendy is in the basement, trying to fix the washing machine.M:Shouldn’t she be working on her annual report?Q:What does the man mean?4.W:What happened to the painting that used to be on the wall?M:It fell down and the glass broke. I’m having it reframed.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?5.M:You must have left the camera in the market. It’s a very expensive camera you know.W:But I tell you that I didn’t take it. I remember clearly that you put it on the dressing table.Q:What does the women say about the camera?6.W:There is a good comedy on at the Theatre Royal next Saturday. If you like, I can book four seats for us.M:All right. I’ll ask Janet if she is free then. I’ll let you know tomorrow. Q:What does the women suggest they do next Saturday?7.W:We’ve opened the first box. Look! Some of these books are soaked.M:They should’ve used waterproof wrappings. What are we going to do about it? It’s too late to order replacements.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?8.W:Professor Johnson said you can pick up your term paper at her office. M:So she has graded it?Q:What can we infer from the conversation?Conversation oneW:Can I help you?M:Well, I’m not sure. I hope so.(9) You, see, actually, I’m getting married soon. And my friends want to buy me presents and things.W:And you would like some things for the kitchen?M:Yes, that’s right.(9) I thought if I could find out about kitchen things, they would be the best sort of presents.W:Well, I suppose the first thing you need is a cooker. Do you want an electric one or gas one?M:Em, I think I’d probably prefer a gas one. But cooker are very expensive, aren’t they? How much is this one?W:It’s one hundred and seventy-five pounds, including tax and delivery. It’s a very good one though.M:But It’s a lot of money, isn’t it? What sorts of things could I ask people to buy, you know, cheaper?W:Well you’ll need some pans, won’t you? A set of saucepans, I suppose, and frying pans.(10) Do you like cooking?M:Yes, I suppose so.W:Well, in the case, you might like a mixer. If you make cakes and things like that, it’ll save you a lot of time. And a blender, too, that’s good if you make soups and things.M:Em. That’s a thought.W:(11)Something else you might use is a set of these knives, you know, carving knifes, bread knifes, steak knives, fruit knives, potato peeling knives. M:Heavens, I never know there was so many sorts.W:Oh, yes. Come over here and I’ll show you some more.9.Why is the man in the kitchenware shop?10.Why does the woman want know whether the man likes cooking?11.What does the man say he has never realized?Conversation TwoM:Good morning, Mrs. Thomson.W:Oh,Mr.Minisuker.Please come in ,and sit down. I want to talk to you about something that’s come up.M:What’s up? Anyway, I’ll be glad to help you with anything I can.W:(12)Some advice, Mr. Mimicker. I’ve been offered a new job.M:A new job?W:As a matter of fact. it isn’t the bank in New York.M:Is the offer from another bank?W:(13)I’s from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in Washington.M:You mean the World Bank?W:That’s right. And it’s really unexpected. I must say.M:You’ve established a reputation in international banking circles. May I ask what kind of position they’ve offered you?W:A rather important one, as a matter of fact, Deputy Director of the International Finance Corporation.M:(14)Isn’t that the part of the bank that makes loans to private companies in the developing countries?W:Yes,it is. It’s a job than certainly offers a chance for public service.M:(15)It seems to me that it’s a really honor for you.W:Yes,it is. But I’ve been with this bank for so many years, ever since I graduated from college in fact.M:(15)But it’s an honor for the bank, too ,for the training and experience it’s given you.W:Yes, I suppose I can think of it that way.M:Then you’ve decided to accept the offer?W:Probably. Yes, almost certainly. I’d like to think I can do some work that will contribute to international cooperation and understanding.12.What dose the woman want to discuss with the men?13.Who offered the woman the new job?14.What will be the woman’s main responsibility as a deputy director?15.What dose the man think of the job offer?Section BPassage OneGood transportation is very important in winter. If you have a car, make sure it is ready for the cold weather.(16) Keep the gas tank as nearly full as you can. This will keep water out of the tank and will be a reserve in case you get into trouble. If a storm traps you in your car, there are some steps you should take for your own safety.(17) Do not attempt to walk to find help. You may quickly lose your way in blowing and drifting snow. Your chances of being found are better if you stay in you car. Keep a downwind window open slightly for fresh air. Freezing rain can seal off you car and lock you inside. Run the engine and heater once in a while. Keep the same downwind window open while the engine is running. Make sure that snow has not blocked the exhaust pipe. Clap your hands and move your arms and legs from time to time. Do not stay in one position too long. But, do not move too much.(18) Exercise warms you up, but it also causes you to lose body heat. If more than one person is in the car, do not sleep at the same time. One person should always be awake. If you are alone, stay awake as long as you can. Turn on the inside light at night. This will make your car more visible to rescue crews. Don’t panic. Stay with you car.16.What dose the speaker say you should do in winter with your car?17.What should you avoid doing if a storm traps you in the car?18.Why is too much exercise undesirable when you are trapped in a car by a winter storm?Passage TwoThe topic of my talk today is gift-giving. Everybody likes receive gift, right? So you may think that gift-giving is a universal custom. But actually the rules of gift-giving vary quite a lot. And not knowing them can result in great embarrassment. In North America the rules are fairly simple. If you are invited to someone’s home for dinner, bring wine or flowers or a smell item from your country.(19) Among friends, family and business associates, we generally don’t give gifts on other occasions except on someone’s birthday and Christmas. The Japanese, on the other hand, give gifts quite frequently, often to thank someone for their kindness. The tradition of gift-giving in Japan is very ancient. (20)There are many detailed rules for everything from the color of the wrapping paper to the time of the gift presentation. And while Europeans don’t generally exchanges business gift, they do follow some formal customs when visiting homes, such as bringing flowers. The type and color of flowers, however, can carry special meaning. Today we have seen some broad differences in gift-giving. I could go on with additional examples. But let’s not miss the main point here.(21) If we are not aware of and sensitive to cultural differences, the possibilities for miscommunication and conflict are enormous. Whether we learn about these differences by reading a book or by living abroad, our goal must be to respect differences among people in order to get along successfully with our global neighbors.19.What dose the speaker say about gift-giving of North Americans?20.What do we learn about the Japanese concerning gift-giving?21.What point dose the speaker make at the end of the talk?Passage ThreeClaudit Reigo is a reporter for a French newspaper. Her assignment forthe last five years has been Washington and American politics. She reports the current political news for her paper. In addition, she writes a column thatis published every week.(22) The column explains American politics to herreaders in France. They often find it very difficult to understand the United States and American. Claudit lives in a small house in a fashionable section of Washington. She entertains a great deal. Her guests are usually government officials, lawyers and other newspaper people. When she isn’t entertaining, she goes out to dinners and parties. In spite of her busy social life, Claudit works very hard. The parties are really work for her, because reporters frequently get news stories just by talking and listening to people. Claudit also has a small office in a building downtown. She goes there every morning to write up her stories and send them to Paris.(23) Her column is published every Monday, so she usually spends a large part of the weekend working on it at home.(24) Claudit spends a month in France every year, so that she won’t forgot how to speak France. In spite of all her experience in Washington, Claudit may be transferred. This is an election year in the United States, when the people elect a new president.(25) When the election is over, Claudit thinks that her newspaper in Paris may change her assignment.22.What do we learn about the column Claudit writes?23.What does Claudit usually do on weekends?24.Why does Claudit spend a month in France every year?25.What might happen to Claudit after this year’s American presidentialelection?Section C26.innocent 31. .appointmitted 32.evidence28.charges 33.hold a trial29.released 34.designed30.rather than 35.foundation。

Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答.1.A.It was mainly meant for cancer patients.B.It might appeal more to viewers over 40.C.It was frequently interrupted by commercials.D.It could help people of all ages to avoid cancer.2.A.The man admires the woman's talent in writing.B.The woman took a lot of pictures at the contest.C.The woman is a photographer.D.The man is fond of traveling.3.A.The man placed the reading list on a desk.B.The man regrets being absent-minded.C.The woman saved the man some trouble.D.The woman emptied the waste paper basket.4.A.He has left the army recently.B.He quit teaching in June.C.He has taken over his brother's business.D.He opened a restaurant near the school.5.A.She read only part of the book.B.She is interested in reading novels.C.She seldom reads books from cover to cover.D.She was eager to know what the book was about.6.A.She called to say that her husband had been hospitalized.B.She was absent all week owing to sickness.C.She was seriously injured in a car accident.D.She had to be away from school to attend to her husband.7.A.The man lives two blocks away from the Smiths.B.The woman is not sure if she is on the right street.C.The Smiths' new house is not far from their old one.D.The speakers want to rent the Smiths' old house.8.A.The man couldn't find his car in the parking lot.B.The man had a hard time finding a parking space.C.The woman found they had got to the wrong spot.D.The woman was offended by the man's late arrival. Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.The hotel clerk couldn't find his reservation for that night.B.The hotel clerk tried to take advantage of his inexperience.C.The hotel clerk had put his reservation under another name.D.The hotel clerk insisted that he didn't make any reservation.10.A.A grand wedding was being held in the hotel.B.It was a busy season for holiday-makers.C.The hotel was undergoing major repairs.D.There was a conference going on in the city.11.A.It was free of charge on weekends.B.It was offered to frequent guests only.C.It had a 15% discount on weekdays.D.It was 10% cheaper than in other hotels.12.A.Demand compensation from the hotel.B.Find a cheaper room in another hotel.C.Ask for an additional discountplain to the hotel manager.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A.Secretary of Birmingham Medical School.B.Head of the Overseas Students Office.C.Assistant Director of the Admissions Office.D.An employee in the city council at Birmingham.14.A.A small number are from the Far East.B.A large majority are from Latin America.C.About fifteen percent are from Africa.D.Nearly fifty percent are foreigners.15.A.She will have more contact with students.B.She will be more involved in policy-making.C.It will be less demanding than her present job.D.It will bring her capability into fuller play.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, Cand D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.Her parents immigrated to America.B.Her parents set up an ice-cream store.C.Her parents left Chicago to work on a farm.D.Her parents thrived in the urban environment.17.A.He was born with a limp.B.He taught English in Chicago.C.He worked to become an executive.D.He was crippled in a car accident.18.A.She was fascinated by American culture.B.She was very generous in offering help.C.She was highly devoted to her family.D.She was fond of living an isolated life.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A.He was seriously injured.B.He was wrongly diagnosed.C.He developed a strange disease.D.He suffered a nervous breakdown.20.A.He raced to the nursing home.B.He was able to talk again.C.He could tell red and blue apart.D.He could not recognize his wife.21.A.Two and a half months.B.Twenty-nine days.C.Fourteen hours.D.Several minutes.22.A.They released a video of his progress.B.They avoided appearing on television.C.They welcomed the publicity in the media.D.They declined to give details of his condition.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A.For farmers to exchange their daily necessities.B.For people to share ideas and show farm “products.C.For officials to educate the farming community.D.For farmers to celebrate their harvests.24.A.By offering to do volunteer work at the fair.B.By bringing an animal rarely seen on nearby farms.C.By bringing a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket.D.By performing a special skill at the entrance.25.A.They help to increase the state governments' revenue.B.They contribute to the modernization of American farms.C.They remind Americans of the importance of agriculture.D.They provide a stage for people to give performances.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you shouldcheck what you have written.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答.Students' pressure sometimes comes from their parents.Most parents are (26) __________, but some of them aren't very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in(27) __________college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children's difficulties.For one thing, parents are often not (28) __________the kinds of problems their children face.They don't realize that the (29) __________is keener, that the required standards of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared for the change.(30) __________to seeing A's and B's on high school report cards, they may be upset when their children's first semester college grades are below that level.At their kindest, they may (31) __________inquire why John or Mary isn'tdoing better, whether he or she is tryingas hard as he or she should, and so on.At their worst, they may (32) __________to take their children out of college, or (33)__________funds.Sometimes parents regard their children as extensions of themselves and think it only right and natural that they determine what their children do with their lives. In their involvement and(34)__________with their children, they forget that everyone is different and that each person must develop in his or her ownway. They forget that their children, who are now young(35) __________, must be the ones responsible for what they do and what they are.。

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Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why? 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

大学英语四级真题2014年6月-（2）试题及答案大学英语四级真题2014年6月-(2)Part Ⅰ WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1、Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why? Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.2、A. They came in five different colors.B. They were good value for money.C. They were a very good design.D. They were sold out very quickly.3、A. Ask her roommate not to speak loudly on the phone.B. Ask her roommate to make her phone calls outside.C. Go and find a quieter place to review her lessons.D. Report her problem to the dorm management.4、A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B. He will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C. Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D. The washing machine should be checked annually.5、A. The man fell down when removing the painting.B. The wall will be decorated with a new painting.C. The woman likes the painting on the wall.D. The painting is now being reframed.6、A. It must be missing.B. It was left in the room.C. The man took it to the market.D. She placed it on the dressing table.7、A. Go to a play.B. Meet Janet.C. Book some tickets.D. Have a get-together.8、A. One box of books is found missing.B. Some of the boxes arrived too late.C. Replacements have to be ordered.D. Some of the books are damaged.9、A. The man will pick up Professor Johnson at her office.B. The man did not expect his paper to be graded too soon.C. Professor Johnson has given the man a very high grade.D. Professor Johnson will talk to each student in her office.10、A. To buy a present for his friend who is getting married.B. To find out the cost for a complete set of cookware.C. To see what he could ask his friends to buy for him.D. To make inquiries about the price of an electric cooker.11、A. T o teach him how to Use the kitchenware.B. To discuss cooking experiences with him.C. To tell him how to prepare delicious dishes.D. To recommend suitable kitchenware to him.12、A. There are so many different sorts of knives.B. Cooking devices are such practical presents.C. A mixer can save so much time in making cakes.D. Saucepans and frying pans are a must in the kitchen.13、A. Some new problems in her work.B. Cooperation with an international bank.C. Her chance for promotion in the bank.D. Her intention to leave her present job.14、A. The World Bank.B. Bank of Washington.C. A U.S. finance corporation.D. An investment bank in New York.15、A. Supervising financial transactions.B. Taking charge of public relations.C. Making loans to private companies in developing countries.D. Offering service to international companies in the United States.16、A. It is a first major step to realizing the woman's dream.B. It is an honor for the woman and her present employer.C. It is a loss for her current company.D. It is really beyond his expectation.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Passage One17、A. Carry out a thorough checkup.B. Try to keep the gas tank full.C. Keep extra gas in reserve.D. Fill up the water tank.18、A. Attempting to leave your car to seek help.B. Opening a window a bit to let in fresh air.C. Running the engine every now and then.D. Keeping the heater on for a long time.19、A. It exhausts you physically.B. It makes you fall asleep easily.C. It causes you to lose body heat.D. It consumes too much oxygen.Passage Two20、A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B. They refuse gifts when doing business.C. They regard gifts as a token of friendship.D. They give gifts only on special occasions.21、A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B. They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C. They have to follow many specific rules.D. They pay attention to the quality of gifts.22、A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B. We must be aware of cultural differences in giving gifts.C. We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.D. Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Passage Three23、A. It reflects American people's view of French politics.B. It is first published in Washington and then in Paris.C. It explains American politics to the French public.D. It is popular among French government officials.24、A. Work on her column.B. Do housework at home.C. Entertain her guests.D. Go shopping downtown.25、A. T o report to her newspaper.B. To refresh her French.C. To visit her parents.D. To meet her friends.26、A. She might be recalled to France.B. She might change her profession.C. She might close her Monday column.D. She might be assigned to a new post.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he is considered 27 until the court proves the person is guilty.To arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been 28 . The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station, where the name of the person andthe 29 against him are formally listed.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or 30 . If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return tocourt 31 run away, he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put upbail (保释金). At this time, too, the judge will 32 a court lawyer to defend the suspect if he can't afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney's office presents a case against the suspect. The attorney may present 33 as well as witnesses. The judge then decides whether thereis enough reason to 34 .The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is 35 to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the 36 of the American government.Part Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Many Brazilians cannot read. In 2000, a quarter of those aged 15 and older were functionally illiterate (文盲). Many 37 do not want to. Only one literate adult in three reads books. The 38 Brazilian reads 1.8 non-academic books a year, less than half the figure in Europe and the United States. In a recent survey of reading habits, Brazilians came 27th out of 30 countries. Argentines, their neighbors, 39 18th.The government and businesses are all struggling in different ways to change this. On March 13th the government 40 a National Plan for Books and Reading. This seeks to boost reading, by founding libraries and financing publishers among other things.One discouragement to reading is that books are 41 . Most books have small print-runs, pushing up their price.But Brazilians' indifference to books has deeper roots. Centuries of slavery meant the country's leaders long 42 education. Primary schooling became universal only in the1990s.All this means Brazil's book market has the biggest growth 43 in the western world.But reading is a difficult habit to form. Brazilians bought fewer books in 2004, 89 million, including textbooks 44 by the government, than they did in 1991. Last year the director of Brazil's national library 45 . He complained that he had half the librarians he needed and termites (白蚁) had eaten much of the46 . That ought to be a cause for national shame.A. averageB. collectionC. distributedD. exhibitionE. expensiveF. launchedG. namedH. neglectedI. normalJ. particularlyK. potentialL. quitM. rankedN. simplyO. treasuredSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passagewith ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.The T ouch-Screen GenerationA. On a chilly day last spring, a few dozen developers of children's apps (应用程序) for phones and tablets (平板电脑) gathered at an old beach resort in Monterey, California, to show off their games. The gathering was organized by Warren Buckleitner, a longtime reviewer of interactive children's media. Buckleitner spent the breaks testing whether his own remote-control helicopter could reach the hall's second story, while various children who had come with their parents looked up in awe (敬畏) and delight. But mostly they looked down, at the iPads and other tablets displayed around the hall like so many open boxes of candy. I walked around and talked with developers, and several quoted a famous saying of Maria Montessori's, "The hands are the instruments of man's intelligence."B. What, really, would Maria Montessori have made of this scene? The 30 or so children here were not down at the shore poking (戳) their fingers in the sand or running them along stones or picking seashells. Instead they were all inside, alone or in groups of two or three, their faces a few inches from a screen, their hands doing things Montessori surely did not imagine.C. In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its policy on very young children and media. In 1999, the group had discouraged television viewing for children younger than 2, citing research on brain development that showed this age group's critical need for "direct interactions with parents and othersignificant care givers". The updated report began by acknowledging that things had changed significantly since then. In 2006, 90% of parents said that their children younger than 2 consumed some form of electronic media. Nevertheless, the group took largely the same approach it did in 1999, uniformly discouraging passive media use, on any type of screen, for these kids. (For older children, the academy noted, "high-quality programs" could have "educational benefits".) The 2011 report mentioned "smart cell phone" and "new screen" technologies, but did not address interactive apps. Nor did it bring up the possibility that has likely occurred to those 90% of American parents that some good might come from those little swiping (在电子产品上刷) fingers.D. I had come to the developers' conference partly because I hoped that this particular set of parents, enthusiastic as they were about interactive media, might help me out of this problem, that they might offer some guiding principle for American parents who are clearly never going to meet the academy's ideals, and at some level do not want to. Perhaps this group would be able to express clearly some benefits of the new technology that the morecautious doctors weren't ready to address.E. I fell into conversation with a woman who had helped develop Montessori Letter Sounds, an app that teaches preschoolers the Montessori methods of spelling. She was a former Montessori teacher and a mother of four. I myself have three children who are all fans of the touch screen. What games did her kids like to play, I asked, hoping for suggestions I could take home."They don't play all that much."Really? Why not?"Because I don't allow it. We have a rule of no screen time during the week, unless it's clearly educational."No screen time? None at all? That seems at the outer edge of restrictive, even by the standards of over-controlling parents."On the weekends, they can play. I give them a limit of half an hour and then stop. Enough."F. Her answer so surprised me that I decided to ask some of the other developers who were also parents what their domestic ground rules for screen time were. One said only on airplanes and long car rides. Another said Wednesdays and weekends, for half an hour. The most permissive said half an hour a day, which was about my rule at home. At one point I sat with one of the biggest developers of e-book apps for kids, and his family. The small kid was starting to fuss in her high chair, so the morn stuck an iPad in front of her and played a short movie so everyone else could enjoy their lunch. When she saw me watching, she gave me the universal tense look of mothers who feel they are being judged. "At home," she assured me, "I only let her watch movies in Spanish."G. By their reactions, these parents made me understand the problem of our age: as technology becomes almost everywhere in our lives, American parents are becoming more, not less, distrustful of what it might be doing to their children. Technological ability has not, for parents, translated into comfort and ease. On the one hand, parents want their children to swim expertly in the digital stream that they will have to navigate (航行) all their lives; on the other hand, they fear that too much digital media, too early, will sink them. Parents end up treating tablets as precision surgical (外科的) instruments, devices thatmight perform miracles for their child's IQ and help him win some great robotics competition—but only if they are used just so. Otherwise, their child could end up one of those sad, pale creatures who can't make eye contact and has a girlfriend who lives only in the virtual world.H. Norman Rockwell, a 20-century artist, never painted Boy Swiping Finger on Screen, and our own vision of a perfect childhood has never been adjusted to accommodate that now-common scene. Add to that our modem fear that every parenting decision may have lasting consequences—that every minute of enrichment lost or mindless entertainment indulged (放纵的) will add up to some permanent handicap (障碍) in the future—and you have deep guilt and confusion. To date, no body of research has proved that the iPad will make your preschooler smarter or teach her to speak Chinese, or alternatively that it will rest her nervous system—the device has been out for only three years, not much more than the time it takes some academics to find funding and gather research subjects. So what is a parent to do?47、The author attended the conference, hoping to find some guiding principles for parenting in the electronic age.48、 American parents are becoming more doubtful about the benefits technology is said to bring to their children.49、 Some experts believe that human intelligence develops by the use of hands.50、The author found a former Montessori teacher exercising strict controlover her kids' screen time.51、 Research shows interaction with people is key to babies' brain development.52、So far there has been no scientific proof of theeducational benefits of iPads.53、American parents worry that overuse of tablets will create problems with their kids' interpersonal relationships.54、 The author expected developers of children's apps to specify the benefits of the new technology.55、 The kids at the gathering were more fascinated by the iPads than by the helicopter.56、 The author permits her children to use the screen for at most half an hour a day.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA.,B.,C. andD..Passage OneWhen young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it. All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap—that women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don't seek as many management roles—failed to justify this one. These young women didn't have kids yet. And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of these women yet had ,the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership roles.But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequal one. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students' years on campus.Now that women are the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college years. They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous (非常严格的) subjects, and generally head off with less ambitious plans.As a result, it's not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the workplace with a slight disadvantage. Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused, still stumbling (栽倒) over the dilemmas their grandmothers' generation sought to destroy. Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy (性感的)? All their lives, today's young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion—to pursue science and sports, math and theater—and do it all as well as they possibly can. No wonder they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing'.57、 Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because ______.A. they have failed to take as many rigorous coursesB. they do not feel as fit for management rolesC. they feel obliged to take care of their kids at homeD. they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities58、What does the author say about America's higher education system?A. It does not offer specific career counseling to women.B. It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.C. It does not take care of women students' special needs.D. It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects.59、What does the author say about today's college experience?A. It is different for male and female students.B. It is not the same as that of earlier generations.C. It is more exhausting than most women expect.D. It is not so satisfying to many American students.60、What does the author say about women students in college?A. They have no idea how to bring out their best.B. They drop a course when they find it too rigorous.C. They are not as practical as men in choosing courses.D. They don't perform as well as they did in high school.61、 How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?A. Women are too worn out to be ambitious.B. Women are not ready to take management roles.C. Women are caught between career and family.D. Women are not good at negotiating salaries.Passage TwoReading leadership literature, you'd sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader.I don't believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who are sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities.Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to (追求) leadership in the first place.We've all met the type of individual who simply must takecharge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders.Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine (神圣的) right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it.Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can't be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is volume: if they think you aren't working as hard as they think you should, their demands become increasingly louder and harsher.True leaders understand the value of action, of course, but it isn't their only tool. In fact, it isn't even their primary tool. Great leaders see more than everyone else: answer, solutions, patterns, problems, opportunities. They know it's vitally important to do, but they also know that thinking, understanding, reflection and interpretation are equally important.If you're too concerned with outcomes to the extent that you manipulateand intimidate others to achieve those outcomes, then you aren't leading at all. You're dictating. A true leader is someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets and achieve their goals.62、 What does the author think of the leaders he knows?A. Many of them are used to taking charge.B. Few of them are equal to their positions.C. Many of them fail to fully develop their potential.D. Few of them are familiar with leadership literature.63、Why are some people eager to grab leadership positions?A. They believe they have the natural gift to lead.B. They believe in what leadership literature says.C. They have proved competent in many situations.D. They derive great satisfaction from being leaders.64、What characterizes a great leader according to the author?A. Being able to take prompt action when chances present themselves.B. Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities.C. Having a full understanding of their own merits and weaknesses.D. Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge.65、 How will many business executives respond when their command fails to generate action?A. They reassess the situation at hand.B. They become impatient and rude.C. They resort to any tool available.D. They blame their team members.66、 What is the author's advice to leaders?A. Concentrate on one specific task at a time.B. Use different tools to achieve different goals.C. Build up a strong team to achieve their goals.D. Show determination when faced with tough tasks.Part Ⅳ Translati onDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.67、为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education)。

2014年6月大学英语四级真题试卷（二）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. 4. Reading Comprehension 5. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?正确答案：Culture Square I am excited to hear that you are coming to visit my campus and cannot wait to express my welcome. Hereby I’d like to recommend to you the culture square on the campus, which is of great interest and enjoyment to give it a try. The culture square is the heaven for students where you can see colorful activities organized to add extra pleasure to students’monotonous routine. Besides, you are always free to engage yourself in any of these activities that fascinate you. I am quite confident that you’ll find it beneficial to communicate and interact with other students. Moreover, as a major part of the campus culture, the culture square offers whoever wants to get an insight into the campus an opportunity to know better the campus culture. In a word, the culture square, a world full of vigor and vitality, a window through which you can get a big picture of the campus, is definitely a place worth visiting. I’m sure you’ll have fun. Look forward to seeing you soon in the culture square.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A听力原文：M: Did you buy any of the sweaters that were on sale?W: Buy any? I got five of them. They were such a good bargain. Q: What does the woman say about the sweaters?2．A．They came in five different colors.B．They were good value for money.C．They were a very good design.D．They were sold out very quickly.正确答案：B解析：男士询问女士是否购买了廉价出售的毛线衣，女士说买了五件，很划算。

201406-2cet4听力真题+答案Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C.and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ｉwith a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A.They came in five different colors.B.They were good value for money.C.They were a very good design.D.They were s01d out very quickly.2. A.Ask her roommate not to speak loudly on the phone.B.Ask her roommate to make her phone calls outside.C.Go and find a quieter place to review her lessons.D.Report her problem to the dorm management.3. A.The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B.He will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C.Wendy should give priority to writing her. report.D.The washing machine should be checked annually.4. A.The man fell down when removing the painting.B.The wall will be decorated with a new painting.C.The woman likes the painting on the wall.D.The painting is now being reframed.5. A.It must be missing. B.It was left in the room.C.The man took it to the market.D.She placed it on the dressing table.6. A.Go to a play.B.Meet Janet.C.Book some tickets.D.Have a get-together.7. A.One box of books is found missing.B.Some of the boxes arrived too late.C.Replacements have to be ordered.D.Some of the books are damaged.8. A.The man will pick up Professor Johnson at her office.B.The man did not expect Iris paper to be graded too soon.C.Professor Johnson has given the man a very high grade.D.Professor Johnson will talk to each student in her office.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A.To buy a present for his friend who is getting married.B.To find out the cost for a complete set of cookware.C.To see what he could ask his friends to buy for him.D.To make inquiries about the price of an electric cooker.10. A.To teach him how to use the kitchenware.B.To discuss cooking experiences with him.C.To tell him how to prepare delicious dishes.D.To recommend suitable kitchenware to him.11. A.There are so many different sorts of knives.B.Cooking devices are such practical presents.C.A mixer can save so much time in making cakes.D.Saucepans and frying pans are a must in the kitchen.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A.Some new problems in her work.B.Cooperation with an international bank.C.Her chance for promotion in the bank.D.Her intention to leave her present job.13. A.The World Bank.B.Bank of Washington.C.A U.S. finance corporation.D.An investment bank in New York14. A.Supervising financial transactions.B.Taking charge of public relations.C.Making loans to private companies in developing countries.D.Offering service to international companies in the United States.15. A.It is a first major step to realizing the woman's dream.B.It is an honor for the woman and her present employer.C.It is a loss for her current company.D.It is really beyond his expectation.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2014年6月大学英语四级真题试卷（一）全部题型 1.Writing2.Listening Comprehension3. 4.Reading Com prehension5.TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on the following question.You should write at least120words but no more than180 words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown,what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A2．A．See a doctor about her strained shoulder.B．Use a ladder to help her reach the tea.C．Replace the cupboard with a new one.D．Place the tea on a lower shelf next time.3．A．At Mary Johnson's.B．At a painter's studio.C．In an exhibition hall.D．Outside an art gallery.4．A．The teacher evaluated lacks teaching experience.B．She does not quite agree with what the man said.C．The man had better talk with the students himself. D．New students usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.5．A．He helped Doris build up the furniture. B．Doris helped him arrange the furniture.C．Doris fixed up some of the bookshelves.D．He was good at assembling bookshelves.6．A．He doesn't get on with the others.B．He doesn't feel at ease in the firm.C．He has been taken for a fool.D．He has found a better position.7．A．They should finish the work as soon as possible. B．He will continue to work in the garden himself.C．He is tired of doing gardening on weekends.D．They can hire a gardener to do the work.8．A．The man has to get rid of the used furniture. B．The man's apartment is ready for rent.C．The furniture is covered with lots of dust.D．The furniture the man bought is inexpensive.9．A．The man will give the mechanic a call. B．The woman is waiting for a call.C．The woman is doing some repairs.D．The man knows the mechanic very well.10．A．She had a job interview to attend.B．She was busy finishing her project.C．She had to attend an important meeting.D．She was in the middle of writing an essay. 11．A．Accompany her roommate to the classroom. B．Hand in her roommate's application form. C．Submit her roommate's assignment. D．Help her roommate with her report.12．A．Where Dr.Ellis's office is located. B．When Dr.Ellis leaves his office. C．Directions to the classroom building. D．Dr.Ellis's schedule for the afternoon.13．A．He finds it rather stressful.B．He is thinking of quitting it.C．He can handle it quite well.D．He has to work extra hours.14．A．The6:00one.B．The6:30one.C．The7:00one.D．The7:30one.15．A．It is an awful waste of time.B．He finds it rather unbearable.C．The time on the train is enjoyable.D．It is something difficult to get used to.16．A．Reading newspapers.B．Chatting with friends.C．Listening to the daily news.D．Planning the day's work.Section B17．A．Ignore small details while reading.B．Read at least several chapters at one sitting. C．Develop a habit of reading critically.D．Get key information by reading just once or twice.18．A．Choose one's own system of marking. B．Underline the key words and phrases.C．Make as few marks as possible.D．Highlight details in a red color.19．A．By reading the textbooks carefully again. B．By reviewing only the marked parts.C．By focusing on the notes in the margins.D．By comparing notes with their classmates.20．A．The sleep a person needs varies from day to day. B．The amount of sleep for each person is similar. C．One can get by with a couple of hours of sleep. D．Everybody needs some sleep for survival.21．A．It is a made-up story.B．It is beyond cure.C．It is a rare exception.D．It is due to an accident.22．A．His extraordinary physical condition.B．His mother's injury just before his birth.C．The unique surroundings of his living place.D．The rest he got from sitting in a rocking chair.23．A．She invested in stocks and shares on Wall Street.B．She learned to write for financial newspapers.C．She developed a strong interest in finance.D．She tenderly looked after her sick mother.24．A．She made a wise investment in real estate.B．She sold her restaurant with a substantial profit.C．She got7.5million dollars from her ex-husband.D．She inherited a big fortune from her father.25．A．She was extremely mean with her money.B．She was dishonest in business dealings.C．She frequently ill-treated her employees.D．She abused animals including her pet dog.26．A．She made a big fortune from wise investment.B．She built a hospital with her mother's money.C．She made huge donations to charities.D．She carried on her family's tradition.Section CAmong the kinds of social gestures most significant for second-language teachers are those which are【B1】______in form but different in meaning in the two cultures.For example,a Colombian who wants someone to【B2】______him often signals with a hand movement in which all the fingers of one hand, cupped,point downward as they move rapidly【B3】______.Speakers of English have a similar gesture though the hand may not be cupped and the fingers may be held more loosely,but for them the gesture means goodbye or go away,quite the【B4】______of the Colombian gesture.Again,in Colombia,a speaker of English would have to know that when he【B5】______height he must choosebetween different gestures depending on whether he is【B6】______a human being or an animal.If he keeps the palm of the hand【B7】______the floor,as he would in his own culture when making known the height of a child,for example,he will very likely be greeted by laughter;in Colombia this gesture is 【B8】______for the description of animals.In order to describe human beings he should keep the palm of his hand【B9】______to the floor.Substitutions of one gesture for the other often create not only humorous but also【B10】______moments.In both of the examples above,speakers from two different cultures have the same gesture,physically,but its meaning differs sharply.27．【B1】28．【B2】29．【B3】30．【B4】31．【B5】32．【B6】33．【B7】34．【B8】35．【B9】36．【B10】Part III Reading ComprehensionSection AMany Brazilians cannot read.In2000,a quarter of those aged15and older were functionally illiterate(文盲).Many【C1】______do not want to.Only one literate adult in three reads books.The【C2】______Brazilian reads1.8non-academic books a year,less than half the figure in Europe and the United States.In a recent survey of reading habits,Brazilians came27th out of30 countries.Argentines,their neighbors,【C3】______18th.The government and businesses are all struggling in different ways to change this.On March13the government【C4】______a National Plan for Books and Reading.This seeks to boost reading,by founding libraries and financing publishers among other things.One discouragement to reading is that books are【C5】______.Most books have small print-runs,pushing up their price.But Brazilians'indifference to books has deeper roots.Centuries of slavery meant the country's leaders long【C6】______education.Primary schooling became universal only in the1990s.All this means Brazil's book market has the biggest growth【C7】______in the western world.But reading is a difficult habit to form.Brazilians bought fewer books in 2004,89million,including textbooks【C8】______by the government,than they did st year the director of Brazil's national library【C9】______.He complained that he had half the librarians he needed and termites(白蚁)had eaten much of the【C10】______.That ought to be a cause for national shame.A)average I)normalB)collection J)particularlyC)distributed K)potentialD)exhibition L)quitE)expensive M)rankedF)launched N)simplyG)named O)treasuredH)neglected37．【C1】38．【C2】39．【C3】40．【C4】41．【C5】42．【C6】43．【C7】44．【C8】45．【C9】46．【C10】Section BThe Touch-Screen GenerationA)On a chilly day last spring,a few dozen developers of children's apps(应用程序)for phones and tablets(平板电脑)gathered at an old beach resort in Monterey,California,to show off their games.The gathering was organized by Warren Buckleitner,a longtime reviewer of interactive children's media.Buckleitner spent the breaks testing whether his own remote-control helicopter could reach the hall's second story,while various children who had come with their parents looked up in awe(敬畏)and delight.But mostly they looked down, at the iPads and other tablets displayed around the hall like so many open boxesof candy.I walked around and talked with developers,and several quoted a famous saying of Maria Montessori's,"The hands are the instruments of man's intelligence."B)What,really,would Maria Montessori have made of this scene?The30or so children here were not down at the shore poking(戳)their fingers in the sand or running them along stones or picking seashells.Instead they were all inside, alone or in groups of two or three,their faces a few inches from a screen,their hands doing things Montessori surely did not imagine.C)In2011,the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its policy on very young children and media.In1999,the group had discouraged television viewing for children younger than2,citing research on brain development that showed this age group's critical need for"direct interactions with parents and other significant care givers."The updated report began by acknowledging that things had changed significantly since then.In2006,90%of parents said that their children younger than2consumed some form of electronic media. Nevertheless,the group took largely the same approach it did in1999, uniformly discouraging passive media use,on any type of screen,for these kids.(For older children,the academy noted,"high-quality programs"could have"educational benefits.")The2011report mentioned"smart cell phone" and"new screen"technologies,but did not address interactive apps.Nor did it bring up the possibility that has likely occurred to those90%of American parents that some good might come from those little swiping(在电子产品上刷)fingers.D)I had come to the developers'conference partly because I hoped that this particular set of parents,enthusiastic as they were about interactive media, might help me out of this problem,that they might offer some guiding principle for American parents who are clearly never going to meet the academy's ideals, and at some level do not want to.Perhaps this group would be able to express clearly some benefits of the new technology that the more cautious doctors weren't ready to address.E)I fell into conversation with a woman who had helped develop Montessori Letter Sounds,an app that teaches preschoolers the Montessori methods of spelling.She was a former Montessori teacher and a mother of four.I myself have three children who are all fans of the touch screen.What games did her kids like to play,I asked,hoping for suggestions I could take home."They don't play all that much."Really?Why not?"Because I don't allow it.We have a rule of no screen time during the week, unless it's clearlyeducational."No screen time?None at all?That seems at the outer edge of restrictive,even by the standards ofovercontrolling parents."On the weekends,they can play.I give them a limit of half an hour and then stop.Enough."F)Her answer so surprised me that I decided to ask some of the other developers who were also parents what their domestic ground rules for screen time were. One said only on airplanes and long car rides.Another said Wednesdays and weekends,for half an hour.The most permissive said half an hour a day,which was about my rule at home.At one point I sat with one of the biggest developers of e-book apps for kids,and his family.The small kid was starting to fuss in her high chair,so the mom stuck an iPad in front of her and played a short movie so everyone else could enjoy their lunch.When she saw me watching,she gave me the universal tense look of mothers who feel they are being judged."At home," she assured me,"I only let her watch movies in Spanish."G)By their reactions,these parents made me understand the problem of our age: as technology becomes almost everywhere in our lives,American parents are becoming more,not less,distrustful of what it might be doing to their children. Technological ability has not,for parents,translated into comfort and ease.On the one hand,parents want their children to swim expertly in the digital stream that they will have to navigate(航行)all their lives;on the other hand,they fear that too much digital media,too early,will sink them.Parents end up treating tablets as precision surgical(外科的)instruments,devices that might perform miracles for their child's IQ and help him win some great robotics competition—but only if they are used just so.Otherwise,their child could end up one of those sad,pale creatures who can't make eye contact and has a girlfriend who lives only in the virtual world.H)Norman Rockwell,a20th-century artist,never painted Boy Swiping Finger on Screen,and our own vision of a perfect childhood has never been adjusted to accommodate that now-common scene.Add to that our modern fear that every parenting decision may have lasting consequences—that every minute of enrichment lost or mindless entertainment indulged(放纵的)will add up to some permanent handicap(障碍)in the future—and you have deep guilt and confusion.To date,no body of research has proved that the iPad will make your preschooler smarter or teach her to speak Chinese,or alternatively that it will rust her nervous system—the device has been out for only three years,not much more than the time it takes some academics to find funding and gather research subjects.So what is a parent to do?47．The author attended the conference,hoping to find some guiding principles for parenting in the electronic age.48．American parents are becoming more doubtful about the benefits technology is said to bring to their children.49．Some experts believe that human intelligence develops by the use of hands.50．The author found a former Montessori teacher exercising strict control over her kids'screen time.51．Research shows interaction with people is key to babies'brain development.52．So far there has been no scientific proof of the educational benefits of iPads.53．American parents worry that overuse of tablets will create problems with their kids'interpersonal relationships.54．The author expected developers of children's apps to specify the benefits of the new technology.55．The kids at the gathering were more fascinated by the iPads than by the helicopter.56．The author permits her children to use the screen for at most half an hour a day.Section CWhen young women were found to make only82percent of what their male peers do just one year out of college,many were at a loss to explain it.All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap—that women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids,for example,or that they don't seek as many management roles—failed to justify this one. These young women didn't have kids yet.And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees,few of these women yet had the chance to go after(much less decline)leadership roles.But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent.The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college degrees,the university experience is still an unequal one.The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students'years on campus.Now that women are the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded,one might think the college campus is a pretty equal place.It is not.Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school,they start to trail off during their college years.They enroll in different kinds of classes,tend to major in less rigorous(非常严格的)subjects,and generally head off with less ambitious plans.As a result,it's not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the workplace with a slight disadvantage.Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused,still stumbling(栽倒)over the dilemmas their grandmothers'generation sought to destroy.Are they supposed to be pretty or smart?Strong or sexy(性感的)?All their lives,today's young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion—to pursue science and sports, math and theater—and do it all as well as they possibly can.No wonder they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school.They are too exhausted,and too scared of failing.57．Traditionally,it is believed that women earn less than men because______. A．they have failed to take as many rigorous coursesB．they do not feel as fit for management rolesC．they feel obliged to take care of their kids at homeD．they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities58．What does the author say about America's higher education system?A．It does not offer specific career counseling to women.B．It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.C．It does not take care of women students'special needs.D．It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects.59．What does the author say about today's college experience?A．It is different for male and female students.B．It is not the same as that of earlier generations.C．It is more exhausting than most women expect.D．It is not so satisfying to many American students.60．What does the author say about women students in college?A．They have no idea how to bring out their best.B．They drop a course when they find it too rigorous.C．They are not as practical as men in choosing courses.D．They don't perform as well as they did in high school.61．How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?A．Women are too worn out to be ambitious.B．Women are not ready to take management roles.C．Women are caught between career and family.D．Women are not good at negotiating salaries.Reading leadership literature,you'd sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader.I don't believe that to be true.In fact,I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who are sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities.Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to(追求)leadership in the first place.We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge.Whether it's a decision-making session,a basketball game,or a family outing,they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life.They believe they're natural born leaders.Truth is,they're nothing of the sort.True leaders don't assume that it's their divine(神圣的)right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite.A great leader will assess each situation on its merits,and will only take charge when their position,the situation,and/or the needs of the moment demand it.Many business executives confuse leadership with action.They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct.Faced withany situation that can't be solved by the sheer force of activity,they generate a dust cloud of impatience.Their one leadership tool is volume:if they think you aren't working as hard as they think you should,their demands become increasingly louder and harsher.True leaders understand the value of action,of course,but it isn't their only tool.In fact,it isn't even their primary tool.Great leaders see more than everyone else:answers,solutions,patterns,problems,opportunities.They know it's vitally important to do,but they also know that thinking,understanding, reflection and interpretation are equally important.If you're too concerned with outcomes to the extent that you manipulate and intimidate others to achieve those outcomes,then you aren't leading at all, you're dictating.A true leader is someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets and achieve their goals.62．What does the author think of the leaders he knows?A．Many of them are used to taking charge.B．Few of them are equal to their positions.C．Many of them fail to fully develop their potential.D．Few of them are familiar with leadership literature.63．Why are some people eager to grab leadership positions?A．They believe they have the natural gift to lead.B．They believe in what leadership literature says.C．They have proved competent in many situations.D．They derive great satisfaction from being leaders.64．What characterizes a great leader according to the author?A．Being able to take prompt action when chances present themselves. B．Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities. C．Having a full understanding of their own merits and weaknesses. D．Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge. 65．How will many business executives respond when their command fails to generate action?A．They reassess the situation at hand.B．They become impatient and rude.C．They resort to any tool available.D．They blame their team members.66．What is the author's advice to leaders?A．Concentrate on one specific task at a time.B．Use different tools to achieve different goals.C．Build up a strong team to achieve their goals.D．Show determination when faced with tough tasks.PartⅣTranslation67．中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2％。

1. W: I can’t seem to reach the tea at the back of the cupboard.M: Oh… Why don’t you use the ladder? You might strain your shoulder.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?2. W: Since it’s raining so hard, let’s go and see the new exhibits.M: That’s a good idea. Mary Johnson is one of my favorite painters.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?3. M: I hear the students gave the new teacher an unfair evaluation.W: It depends on which student you are talking about.Q: What does the woman imply?4. W: It must have taken you a long time to fix up all these book shelves.M: It wasn’t too bad. I got Doris to do some of them.Q: What does the man mean?5. W: Rod, I hear you’ll be leaving at the end of this month. Is it true?M: Yeah. I’ve been offered a much better position with another firm. I’d be a fool to turn it down.Q: Why is the man quitting his job?6. W: I honestly don’t want to continue the gardening tomorrow, Tony?M: Neither do I. But I think we should get it over with this weekend.Q: What does the man mean?7. W: You’ve already furnished your apartment?M: I found some used furniture that was dirt cheap.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?8. W: Has the mechanic called the bus repairers?M: Not yet .I’ll let you know when he calls.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Conversation one:M: Hello. Matt Ellis speaking.W: Hello, Dr. Ellis, my name’s Pan Johnson. My roommate, Janet Holmes, wanted me to call you.M: Janet Holmes? Oh, that’s right. She’s in my Shakespearean English class. Has anything happened to her?W: Nothing, it’s just that she submitted a job application yesterday and the company asked her in for an interview today. She’s afraid she won’t be able to attend your class this afternoon though. I’m calling to see whether it would be OK if I gave you her essay. Janet said it’s due today.M: Certainly, that would be fine. Uh, you can either drop it off at my class or bring it to my office.W: Would it be all right to come by your office around 4:00? I’m afraid I can’t come any earlier because I have three classes this afternoon.M: Uh, I won’t be here when you come. I’m supposed to be at a meeting from 3:00 to 6:00, but how about leaving it with my secretary? She usually stays until 5:00. W: Fine, please tell her I’ll be there at 4:00. And Dr. Ellis, one more thing, could you tell me where your office is? Janet told me where your class is, but she didn’t give me directions to your office.M: Well, I’m in Room 302 of the Gregory Building. I’ll tell my secretary to put the paper in my mail box, and I’ll get it when I return.W: I sure appreciate it. Goodbye, Dr. Ellis.M: Goodbye, Ms. Johnson.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. Why couldn’t the woman’s roommate attend the Shakespearean English class that afternoon?10. What favor is the woman going to do for her roommate?11. What does the woman want to know at the end of the conversation?Conversation 2:W: How are things going, Roald?M: Not bad, Jane. I’m involved in several projects and it’s a long working day. But I’m used to that so it doesn’t bother me too much.W: I heard you have moved to a new house in the suburb. How do you like commuting to London every day? Don’t you find it a string?M: It was terrible at first, especially getting up before dawn to catch that 6:30 train. But it’s bearable now that I’ m used to it. W: Don’t you think it’s an awful waste of time? I couldn’t bear to spend three hours sitting in a train every day.M: I used to feel the same as you. But now I quite enjoy it.W: How do you pass the time? Do you bring some work with you to do on the train?M: Ah, that’s a good question. In the morning, I just sit in comfort and read the papers to catch up with the news. On the way home at night, I relax with a good book or chat with friends or even have a game of bridge.W: I suppose you know lots of people on the train now.M: Yes, I bumped into someone I know on the platform every day. Last week I came across a couple of old school friends and we spend the entire journey in the bar.W: It sounds like a good club. You never know. I may join it too.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What does the man say about his job?13. Which train does the man take to work every day?14. How does the man feel about commuting to work every day now?15. How does the man spend his time on the morning train?　Passage One Most American college students need to be efficient readers. This is necessary because full-time students probably have to read several hundred pages every week. They don't have time to read a chapter three or four times. They need to extract as much information as possible from the first or second reading. An extraordinarily important study skill is knowing how to mark a book. Students mark the main ideas and important details with a pen or pencil, yellow or blue or orange. Some students mark new vocabulary in a different color. Most students write questions or short notes in the margins. Marking a book is a useful skill, but it's important to do it right. First, read a chapter with one pen in your hand and others next to you on the desk. Second, read a whole paragraph before you mark anything. Don't mark too much. Usually you will mark about 10% of a passage. Third, decide on your own system for marking. For example, maybe you will mark main ideas in yellow, important details in blue and new words in orange. Maybe you will put question marks in the margin when you don't understand something and before an exam. Instead, you just need to review your marks and you can save a lot of time.16. What should American college students do to cope with their heavy reading assignments?17. What suggestion does the speaker give about marking a textbook?18. How should students prepare for an exam according to the speaker?　Passage Two The thought of having no sleep for 24 hours or more isn't a pleasant one for most people. The amount of sleep that each person needs varies. In general, each of us needs about 8 hours of sleep each day to keep us healthy and happy. Some people, however, can get by with just a few hours of sleep at night. It doesn't matter when or how much a person sleeps. But everyone needs some rest to stay alive. Few doctors would have thought that there might be an exception to this. Sleep is, after all, a very basic need. But a man named Al Herpin turned out to be a real exception, for supposedly, he never slept! Al Herpin was 90 years old when doctors came to his home in New Jersy. They hoped to challenge the claim that he never slept. But they were surprised. Though they watched him every hour of the day, they never saw Herpin s l e e p i n g . H e d i d n o t e v e n o w n a b e d . H e n e v e r n e e d e d o n e . b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 7 " > T h e c l o s e s t t h a t H e r p i n c a m e t o r e s t i n g w a s t o s i t i n a r o c k i n g c h a i r a n d r e a d a h a l f d o z e n n e w s p a p e r s . H i s d o c t o r s w e r e p u z z l e d b y t h e s t r a n g e c a s e o f p e r m a n e n t s l e e p l e s s n e s s . H e r p i n o f f e r e d t h e o n l y c l u e t o h i s c o n d i t i o n . H e r e m e m b e r e d s o m e t a l k a b o u t h i s m o t h e r h a v i n g b e e n i n j u r e d s e v e r a l d a y s b e f o r e h e h a d b e e n b o r n . H e r p i n d i e d a t t h e a g e o f 9 4 , n e v e r , i t s e e m s , h a v i n g s l e p t a t a l l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 8 " > 0 0 1 9 . W h a t i s t a k e n f o r g r a n t e d b y m o s t p e o p l e ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 9 " > 0 0 2 0 . W h a t d o d o c t o r s t h i n k o f A l H e r p i n ' s c a s e ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 0 " > 0 2 1 . W h a t c o u l d h a v e a c c o u n t e d f o r A l H e r p i n ' s s l e e p l e s s n e s s ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 1 " > 0 P a s s a g e T h r e e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 2 " >0 0 H e t t y G r e e n w a s a v e r y s p o i l e d , o n l y c h i l d . S h e w a s b o r n i n M a s s a c h u s e t t s U S A i n 1 8 3 5 .H e r f a t h e r w a s a m i l l i o n a i r e b u s i n e s s m a n . H e r m o t h e r w a s o f t e n i l l , a n d s o f r o m t h e a g e o f t w o h e r f a t h e r t o o k h e r w i t h h i m t o w o r k a n d t a u g h t h e r a b o u t s t o c k s a n d s h a r e s . A t t h e a g e o f s i x s h e s t a r t e d r e a d i n g t h e d a i l y f i n a n c i a l n e w s p a p e r s a n d o p e n e d h e r o w n b a n k a c c o u n t . H e r f a t h e r d i e d w h e n s h e w a s 2 1 a n d s h e i n h e r i t e d 7 . 5 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s . S h e w e n t t o N e w Y o r k a n d i n v e s t e d o n W a l l S t r e e t . H e t t y s a v e d e v e r y p e n n y , e a t i n g i n t h e c h e a p e s t r e s t a u r a n t s f o r 1 5 c e n t s . S h e b e c a m e o n e o f t h e r i c h e s t a n d m o s t h a t e d w o m e n i n t h e w o r l d . A t 3 3 s h e m a r r ie d E d w a r d G r e e n , a m u l t i - m i l l i o n a i r e , a n d h a d t w o c h i l d r e n , N e d a n d S y l v i a . b r b d sf i d = " 17 3 " > 0 0 H e t t y s m e a n n e s s w a s w e l l - k n o w n . S h e a l w a y s a r g u e d a b o u t p r i c e s i n s h o p s . S h e w a l k e d t o t h e l o c a l g r o c e r y s t o r e t o b u y b r o k e n b i s c u i t s w h i c h w e r e m u c h c h e a p e r , a n d t o g e t a f r e e b o n e f o r h e r m u c h l o v e d d o g . O n c e s h e l o s t a t w o - c e n t s t a m p a n d s p e n t t h e n i g h t l o ok i n g f o r i t . S h e n e v e r b o u g h t c l o t h e s a n d a l w a y s w o r e t h e s a m e l o n g , r a g g e d b l a c k s k i r t . W o r s t o f a l l , w h e n h e r s o n , N e d , f e l l a n d i n j u r e d h i s k n e e , s h e r e f u s e d t o p a y f o r a d o c t o r a n d s p e n t h o u r s l o o k i n g f o r f r e e m e d i c a l h e l p . I n t h e e n d N e d l o s t h i s l e g . W h e n s h e d i e d i n 1 9 1 6 s h e l e f t h e r c h i l d r e n 1 0 0 m i l l i o n d o l l a r s . H e r d a u g h t e r b u i l t a h o s p i t a l w i t h h e r m o n e y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 4 " > 2 2 . W h a t d o w e l e a r n a b o u t H e t t y G r e e n a s a c h i l d ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 5 " > 2 3 . H o w d id He t t y G r e e n b e c o m e r i c h o v e r n i g h t ? b r b d sf i d = " 1 7 6 " > 2 4 . W h y w a s H e t t y G r e e n m u c h h a te d ? b r b d sf i d = " 1 7 7 " > 2 5 . W h a t d o w e l e a r n a b o u t H e t t y ' s d a ugh t e r ? b r b d s fi d = " 1 7 8 " > 0 0 A m o n g t h e k i n d s o f s o c i a l g e s t u r e s m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t f o r s e c o n d l a n g u a g e t e a c h e r s , a r e t h o s e w h i c h a r e i d e n t i c a l i n f o r m , b u t d i f f e r e n t i n m e a n i n g i n t h e t w o c u l t u r e s . F o r e x a m p l e , a C o l u m b i a n w h o w a n t s s o m e o n e t o a p p r o a c h h i m o f t e n s i g n a l s w i t h a h a n d m o v e m e n t , i n w h i c h a l l t h e f i n g e r s o f o n e h a n d c u p p e d p o i n t d o w n w a r d a s t h e y m o v e r a p i d l y b a c k a n d f o r t h . S p e a k e r s o f E n g l i s h h a v e a s i m i l a r g e s t u r e , t h o u g h t h e h a n d m a y n o t b e c u p p e d a n d t h e f i n g e r s m a y b e h e l d m o r e l o o s e l y . B u t f o r t h e m , t h e g e s t u r e m e a n s " g o o d b y e " o r " g o a w a y " , q u i t e t h e o p p o s i t e o f t h e C o l u m b i a n g e s t u r e . A g a i n i n C o l u m b i a , a s p e a k e r o f E n g l i s h w o u l d h a v e t o k n o w t h a t w h e n h e i n d i c a t e s h e i g h t , h e m u s t c h o o s e b e t w e e n d i f f e r e n t g e s t u r e s d e p e n d i n g o n w h e t h e r h e i s r e f e r r i n g t o a h u m a n b e i n g o r a n a n i m a l . I f h e k e e p s t h e p a l m o f t h e h a n d p a r a l l e l t o t h e f l o o r , a s h e w o u l d i n h i s o w n c u l t u r e w h e n m a k i n g k n o w n t h e h e i g h t o f a c h i l d f o r e x a m p l e , h e w i l l v e r y l i k e l y b e g r e e t e d b y l a u g h t e r . I n C o l u m b i a , t h i s g e s t u r e i s r e s e r v e d f o r t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f a n i m a l s . I n o r d e r t o d e s c r i b e h u m a n b e i n g s , h e s h o u l d k e e p t h e p a l m o f h i s h a n d a t a r i g h t a n g l e t o t h e f l o o r . S u b s t i t u t i o n s o f o n e g e s t u r e f o r t h e o t h e r o f t e n c r e a t e n o t o n l y h u m o r o u s b u t a l s o e m b a r r a s s i n g m o m e n t s . I n b o t h o f t h e e x a m p l e s a b o v e , s p e a k e r s f r o m t w o d i f f e r e n t c u l t u r e s h a v e t h e s a m e g e s t u r e p h y s i c a l l y , b u t i t s m e a n i n g d i f f e r s s h a r p l y .。

大学英语四级真题2014年6月-（2）试题及答案大学英语四级真题2014年6月-(2)Part Ⅰ WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.1、Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why? Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.2、A. They came in five different colors.B. They were good value for money.C. They were a very good design.D. They were sold out very quickly.3、A. Ask her roommate not to speak loudly on the phone.B. Ask her roommate to make her phone calls outside.C. Go and find a quieter place to review her lessons.D. Report her problem to the dorm management.4、A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B. He will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C. Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D. The washing machine should be checked annually.5、A. The man fell down when removing the painting.B. The wall will be decorated with a new painting.C. The woman likes the painting on the wall.D. The painting is now being reframed.6、A. It must be missing.B. It was left in the room.C. The man took it to the market.D. She placed it on the dressing table.7、A. Go to a play.B. Meet Janet.C. Book some tickets.D. Have a get-together.8、A. One box of books is found missing.B. Some of the boxes arrived too late.C. Replacements have to be ordered.D. Some of the books are damaged.9、A. The man will pick up Professor Johnson at her office.B. The man did not expect his paper to be graded too soon.C. Professor Johnson has given the man a very high grade.D. Professor Johnson will talk to each student in her office.10、A. To buy a present for his friend who is getting married.B. To find out the cost for a complete set of cookware.C. To see what he could ask his friends to buy for him.D. To make inquiries about the price of an electric cooker.11、A. T o teach him how to Use the kitchenware.B. To discuss cooking experiences with him.C. To tell him how to prepare delicious dishes.D. To recommend suitable kitchenware to him.12、A. There are so many different sorts of knives.B. Cooking devices are such practical presents.C. A mixer can save so much time in making cakes.D. Saucepans and frying pans are a must in the kitchen.13、A. Some new problems in her work.B. Cooperation with an international bank.C. Her chance for promotion in the bank.D. Her intention to leave her present job.14、A. The World Bank.B. Bank of Washington.C. A U.S. finance corporation.D. An investment bank in New York.15、A. Supervising financial transactions.B. Taking charge of public relations.C. Making loans to private companies in developing countries.D. Offering service to international companies in the United States.16、A. It is a first major step to realizing the woman's dream.B. It is an honor for the woman and her present employer.C. It is a loss for her current company.D. It is really beyond his expectation.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Passage One17、A. Carry out a thorough checkup.B. Try to keep the gas tank full.C. Keep extra gas in reserve.D. Fill up the water tank.18、A. Attempting to leave your car to seek help.B. Opening a window a bit to let in fresh air.C. Running the engine every now and then.D. Keeping the heater on for a long time.19、A. It exhausts you physically.B. It makes you fall asleep easily.C. It causes you to lose body heat.D. It consumes too much oxygen.Passage Two20、A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B. They refuse gifts when doing business.C. They regard gifts as a token of friendship.D. They give gifts only on special occasions.21、A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B. They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C. They have to follow many specific rules.D. They pay attention to the quality of gifts.22、A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B. We must be aware of cultural differences in giving gifts.C. We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.D. Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Passage Three23、A. It reflects American people's view of French politics.B. It is first published in Washington and then in Paris.C. It explains American politics to the French public.D. It is popular among French government officials.24、A. Work on her column.B. Do housework at home.C. Entertain her guests.D. Go shopping downtown.25、A. T o report to her newspaper.B. To refresh her French.C. To visit her parents.D. To meet her friends.26、A. She might be recalled to France.B. She might change her profession.C. She might close her Monday column.D. She might be assigned to a new post.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he is considered 27 until the court proves the person is guilty.To arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been 28 . The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station, where the name of the person andthe 29 against him are formally listed.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or 30 . If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return tocourt 31 run away, he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put upbail (保释金). At this time, too, the judge will 32 a court lawyer to defend the suspect if he can't afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney's office presents a case against the suspect. The attorney may present 33 as well as witnesses. The judge then decides whether thereis enough reason to 34 .The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is 35 to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the 36 of the American government.Part Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Many Brazilians cannot read. In 2000, a quarter of those aged 15 and older were functionally illiterate (文盲). Many 37 do not want to. Only one literate adult in three reads books. The 38 Brazilian reads 1.8 non-academic books a year, less than half the figure in Europe and the United States. In a recent survey of reading habits, Brazilians came 27th out of 30 countries. Argentines, their neighbors, 39 18th.The government and businesses are all struggling in different ways to change this. On March 13th the government 40 a National Plan for Books and Reading. This seeks to boost reading, by founding libraries and financing publishers among other things.One discouragement to reading is that books are 41 . Most books have small print-runs, pushing up their price.But Brazilians' indifference to books has deeper roots. Centuries of slavery meant the country's leaders long 42 education. Primary schooling became universal only in the1990s.All this means Brazil's book market has the biggest growth 43 in the western world.But reading is a difficult habit to form. Brazilians bought fewer books in 2004, 89 million, including textbooks 44 by the government, than they did in 1991. Last year the director of Brazil's national library 45 . He complained that he had half the librarians he needed and termites (白蚁) had eaten much of the46 . That ought to be a cause for national shame.A. averageB. collectionC. distributedD. exhibitionE. expensiveF. launchedG. namedH. neglectedI. normalJ. particularlyK. potentialL. quitM. rankedN. simplyO. treasuredSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passagewith ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.The T ouch-Screen GenerationA. On a chilly day last spring, a few dozen developers of children's apps (应用程序) for phones and tablets (平板电脑) gathered at an old beach resort in Monterey, California, to show off their games. The gathering was organized by Warren Buckleitner, a longtime reviewer of interactive children's media. Buckleitner spent the breaks testing whether his own remote-control helicopter could reach the hall's second story, while various children who had come with their parents looked up in awe (敬畏) and delight. But mostly they looked down, at the iPads and other tablets displayed around the hall like so many open boxes of candy. I walked around and talked with developers, and several quoted a famous saying of Maria Montessori's, "The hands are the instruments of man's intelligence."B. What, really, would Maria Montessori have made of this scene? The 30 or so children here were not down at the shore poking (戳) their fingers in the sand or running them along stones or picking seashells. Instead they were all inside, alone or in groups of two or three, their faces a few inches from a screen, their hands doing things Montessori surely did not imagine.C. In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its policy on very young children and media. In 1999, the group had discouraged television viewing for children younger than 2, citing research on brain development that showed this age group's critical need for "direct interactions with parents and othersignificant care givers". The updated report began by acknowledging that things had changed significantly since then. In 2006, 90% of parents said that their children younger than 2 consumed some form of electronic media. Nevertheless, the group took largely the same approach it did in 1999, uniformly discouraging passive media use, on any type of screen, for these kids. (For older children, the academy noted, "high-quality programs" could have "educational benefits".) The 2011 report mentioned "smart cell phone" and "new screen" technologies, but did not address interactive apps. Nor did it bring up the possibility that has likely occurred to those 90% of American parents that some good might come from those little swiping (在电子产品上刷) fingers.D. I had come to the developers' conference partly because I hoped that this particular set of parents, enthusiastic as they were about interactive media, might help me out of this problem, that they might offer some guiding principle for American parents who are clearly never going to meet the academy's ideals, and at some level do not want to. Perhaps this group would be able to express clearly some benefits of the new technology that the morecautious doctors weren't ready to address.E. I fell into conversation with a woman who had helped develop Montessori Letter Sounds, an app that teaches preschoolers the Montessori methods of spelling. She was a former Montessori teacher and a mother of four. I myself have three children who are all fans of the touch screen. What games did her kids like to play, I asked, hoping for suggestions I could take home."They don't play all that much."Really? Why not?"Because I don't allow it. We have a rule of no screen time during the week, unless it's clearly educational."No screen time? None at all? That seems at the outer edge of restrictive, even by the standards of over-controlling parents."On the weekends, they can play. I give them a limit of half an hour and then stop. Enough."F. Her answer so surprised me that I decided to ask some of the other developers who were also parents what their domestic ground rules for screen time were. One said only on airplanes and long car rides. Another said Wednesdays and weekends, for half an hour. The most permissive said half an hour a day, which was about my rule at home. At one point I sat with one of the biggest developers of e-book apps for kids, and his family. The small kid was starting to fuss in her high chair, so the morn stuck an iPad in front of her and played a short movie so everyone else could enjoy their lunch. When she saw me watching, she gave me the universal tense look of mothers who feel they are being judged. "At home," she assured me, "I only let her watch movies in Spanish."G. By their reactions, these parents made me understand the problem of our age: as technology becomes almost everywhere in our lives, American parents are becoming more, not less, distrustful of what it might be doing to their children. Technological ability has not, for parents, translated into comfort and ease. On the one hand, parents want their children to swim expertly in the digital stream that they will have to navigate (航行) all their lives; on the other hand, they fear that too much digital media, too early, will sink them. Parents end up treating tablets as precision surgical (外科的) instruments, devices thatmight perform miracles for their child's IQ and help him win some great robotics competition—but only if they are used just so. Otherwise, their child could end up one of those sad, pale creatures who can't make eye contact and has a girlfriend who lives only in the virtual world.H. Norman Rockwell, a 20-century artist, never painted Boy Swiping Finger on Screen, and our own vision of a perfect childhood has never been adjusted to accommodate that now-common scene. Add to that our modem fear that every parenting decision may have lasting consequences—that every minute of enrichment lost or mindless entertainment indulged (放纵的) will add up to some permanent handicap (障碍) in the future—and you have deep guilt and confusion. To date, no body of research has proved that the iPad will make your preschooler smarter or teach her to speak Chinese, or alternatively that it will rest her nervous system—the device has been out for only three years, not much more than the time it takes some academics to find funding and gather research subjects. So what is a parent to do?47、The author attended the conference, hoping to find some guiding principles for parenting in the electronic age.48、 American parents are becoming more doubtful about the benefits technology is said to bring to their children.49、 Some experts believe that human intelligence develops by the use of hands.50、The author found a former Montessori teacher exercising strict controlover her kids' screen time.51、 Research shows interaction with people is key to babies' brain development.52、So far there has been no scientific proof of theeducational benefits of iPads.53、American parents worry that overuse of tablets will create problems with their kids' interpersonal relationships.54、 The author expected developers of children's apps to specify the benefits of the new technology.55、 The kids at the gathering were more fascinated by the iPads than by the helicopter.56、 The author permits her children to use the screen for at most half an hour a day.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA.,B.,C. andD..Passage OneWhen young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it. All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap—that women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don't seek as many management roles—failed to justify this one. These young women didn't have kids yet. And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of these women yet had ,the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership roles.But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequal one. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students' years on campus.Now that women are the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college years. They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous (非常严格的) subjects, and generally head off with less ambitious plans.As a result, it's not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the workplace with a slight disadvantage. Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused, still stumbling (栽倒) over the dilemmas their grandmothers' generation sought to destroy. Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy (性感的)? All their lives, today's young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion—to pursue science and sports, math and theater—and do it all as well as they possibly can. No wonder they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing'.57、 Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because ______.A. they have failed to take as many rigorous coursesB. they do not feel as fit for management rolesC. they feel obliged to take care of their kids at homeD. they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities58、What does the author say about America's higher education system?A. It does not offer specific career counseling to women.B. It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.C. It does not take care of women students' special needs.D. It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects.59、What does the author say about today's college experience?A. It is different for male and female students.B. It is not the same as that of earlier generations.C. It is more exhausting than most women expect.D. It is not so satisfying to many American students.60、What does the author say about women students in college?A. They have no idea how to bring out their best.B. They drop a course when they find it too rigorous.C. They are not as practical as men in choosing courses.D. They don't perform as well as they did in high school.61、 How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?A. Women are too worn out to be ambitious.B. Women are not ready to take management roles.C. Women are caught between career and family.D. Women are not good at negotiating salaries.Passage TwoReading leadership literature, you'd sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader.I don't believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who are sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities.Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to (追求) leadership in the first place.We've all met the type of individual who simply must takecharge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders.Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine (神圣的) right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it.Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can't be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is volume: if they think you aren't working as hard as they think you should, their demands become increasingly louder and harsher.True leaders understand the value of action, of course, but it isn't their only tool. In fact, it isn't even their primary tool. Great leaders see more than everyone else: answer, solutions, patterns, problems, opportunities. They know it's vitally important to do, but they also know that thinking, understanding, reflection and interpretation are equally important.If you're too concerned with outcomes to the extent that you manipulateand intimidate others to achieve those outcomes, then you aren't leading at all. You're dictating. A true leader is someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets and achieve their goals.62、 What does the author think of the leaders he knows?A. Many of them are used to taking charge.B. Few of them are equal to their positions.C. Many of them fail to fully develop their potential.D. Few of them are familiar with leadership literature.63、Why are some people eager to grab leadership positions?A. They believe they have the natural gift to lead.B. They believe in what leadership literature says.C. They have proved competent in many situations.D. They derive great satisfaction from being leaders.64、What characterizes a great leader according to the author?A. Being able to take prompt action when chances present themselves.B. Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities.C. Having a full understanding of their own merits and weaknesses.D. Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge.65、 How will many business executives respond when their command fails to generate action?A. They reassess the situation at hand.B. They become impatient and rude.C. They resort to any tool available.D. They blame their team members.66、 What is the author's advice to leaders?A. Concentrate on one specific task at a time.B. Use different tools to achieve different goals.C. Build up a strong team to achieve their goals.D. Show determination when faced with tough tasks.Part Ⅳ Translati onDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.67、为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education)。