Smollett was born at Dalquhurn

William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in April 1564, and his birth is traditionally celebrated on April 23. The facts of his life, English Renaissance great playwright and poet, European Renaissance humanism literature easement.埃文河畔的威廉·莎士比亚生于1564年4月,他出生在4月23日是西方传统的节日。

他的生活的事实,英国文艺复兴时期伟大的剧作家、诗人,欧洲文艺复兴时期人文主义文学的集大成者。

The prologue tells the audience that this story will be about two prominent families of Verona, Italy, whose ancient feud is erupting anew and that a "pair of star-cross'd lovers" from these families will end the violence by ending their own lives.开场白告诉观众,这个故事将两个突出的意大利,维罗纳,家庭不和是它古老的爆发,一个“重新对star-cross会情人”从这些家庭将结束暴力以结束自己的生命。

Born in antagonistic one pair of young men and women of two families, Romeo and Juliet, they are desperate for love, however, hatred of bloodshed between the time the family so that they can not love openly. Juliet'swet nurse in the help, they can be met.出生在对立的一对青年男女两个家庭,罗密欧与朱丽叶,他们都在渴望爱,然而,仇恨的流血时间之间的家庭,以便他们能不爱公开。

1. In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled _______ at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmes as "Our intellectual Declaration of Independence."A. "Nature"B. "Self-Reliance"C. "Divinity School Address"D. "The American Scholar"2. For Melville, as well as for the reader and _______ , the narrator, Moby Dick is stilla mystery, an ultimate mystery of the universe.A. AhabB. IshmaelC. StubbD. Starbuck3. Most of the poems in Whitman's Leaves of Grass sing of the "mass" and the _______ as well.A. natureB. self-relianceC. selfD. life4. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more _______ .A. rationalB. humorousC. optimisticD. pessimistic5. Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. They are The Financier, The Titan and _______ .A. The GeniusB. The TycoonC. The StoicD. The Giant6. The impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American ________ .A. local colorismB. imagismC. modernismD. naturalism7. It is on his _______ that Washington Irving's fame mainly rested.A. childhood recollectionsB. sketches about his European toursC. early poetryD. tales about America8. Which of the following works concerns most concentrated the Calvinistic view of original sin?A. The Wasteland.B. The Scarlet Letter.C. Leaves of Grass.D. As I Lay Dying9. We can perhaps summarize that Walt Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features except that they are _______.A. conversational and crudeB. lyrical and well-structuredC. simple and rather crudeD. free-flowing10. Who exerts the single most important influence on literary naturalism, of which Theodore Dreiser and Jack London are among the best representative writers?A. FreudB. Darwin.C. W.D. Howells.D. Emerson11. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his ____.A. international themeB. waste-land imageryC. local colorD. symbolism12. The period before the American Civil War is commonly referred to as _______.A. the Romantic PeriodB. the Realistic PeriodC. the Naturalist PeriodD. the Modern Period13. “The apparition of these faces in the crowd; / Petals on a wet, black bough.” This is the shortest poem written by（）.A. e.e. Cummings C. Ezra PoundB. T.S. Eliot D. Robert Frost14. In Henry James’ Daisy Miller, the author tries to portray the young woman as an embodiment of _______.A. the force of conventionB. the free spirit of the New WorldC. the decline of aristocracyD. the corruption of the newly rich15. "Two roads diverged in a yellow woodAnd sorry I could not travel both ..."In the above two lines of Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken, the poet, by i mplication, was referring to _______.A. a travel experienceB. a marriage decisionC. a middle-age crisisD. one’s course of life16. The Transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling, and second, the individual is _______.A. insignificantB. vicious by natureC. divineD. forward-looking17. Which of the following is not a work of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s?A. The House of the Seven Gables.B. The Blithedale Romance.C. The Marble Falun.D. White Jacket.18. _________is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.A. Carl SandburgB. Edwin Arlington RobinsonC. William FaulknerD. F. Scott Fitzgerald19. In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as _______.A. commentatorsB. observersC. villainsD. saviors20. Besides sketches, tales and essays, Washington Irving also published a book on ______, which is also considered an important part of his creative writing.A. poetic theoryB. French artC. history of New YorkD. life of George Washington21. In Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, there are detailed descriptions of big parties. The purpose of such descriptions is to show _______.A. emptiness of lifeB. the corruption of the upper classC. contrast of the rich and the poorD. the happy days of the Jazz Age22. In American literature, escaping from the society and returning to nature is a common subject. The following titles are all related, in one way or another, to the subject except _______.A. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. Dreiser’s Sister CarrieC. Copper’s Leather-Stocking TalesD. Thoreau’s Walden23. Which of the following novels can be regarded as typically belonging to the school of literary modernism?A. The Sound and the FuryB. Uncle To m’s Cabin.C. Daisy Miller.D. The Gilded Age.24. Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is not a usual subject of her poetic expression?A. Religion.B. Life and death.C. Love and marriage.D. War and peace.25. Most recognizable literary movement that gave rise to the twentieth-century American literature, or we may say, the second American Renaissance, is the _______ movement.A. transcendentalB. leftistC. expatriateD. expressionistic26. As an autobiographical play, O'Neill's _______ （1956）has gained its status as a world classic and simultaneously marks the climax of his literary career and the coming of age of American drama.A. The Iceman ComethB. Long Day's Journey Into NightC. The Hairy ApeD. Desire Under the Elms27. Apart from the dislocation （错位）of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include _______ , symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions.A. impressionismB. expressionismC. multiple points of viewD. first person point of view28. Stylistically, Henry James' fiction is characterized by _______ .A. short, clear sentencesB. abundance of local imagesC. ordinary American speechD. highly refined language29. Robert Frost combined traditional verse forms with a plain speech of _______ farmers .A. SouthernB. WesternC. New HampshireD. New England30. Henry David Thoreau's work, ________has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.A. WaldenB. The pioneersC. NatureD. Song of Myself31. The famous 20-years sleep in “Rip Van Winkle” helps to construct the story in such a way that we are greatly affected by Irving's ___.A. concern with the passage of timeB. expression of transient (短暂的）beautyC. satire on laziness and corruptibility of human beingsD. idea about supernatural manipulation of man's life32.Walt Whitman was a pioneering figure of American poetry. His innovation first of all lies in his use of __, poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.A. blank verseB. heroic coupletC. free verseD. iambic pentameter33. In Moby-Dick, the white whale symbolizes _______ for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.A. natureB. human societyC. whaling industryD. truth34. Hester, Dimmsdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely the names of the characters in ___.A. The Scarlet LetterB. The House of the Seven GablesC. The Portrait of a LadyD. The pioneers35. With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, _______ became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19thcentury.A. sentimentalismB. romanticismC. realismD. naturalism36. After The adventures of Tom Sawyer, Twain gives a literary independence to Tom's buddy Huck in a book entitled ___.A. Life on the MississippiB. The Gilded AgeC. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court37. Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be _____.A. transcendentalistsB. idealistsC. pessimistsD. impressionists38.In the last chapter of Sister Carrie, there is a description about Hurstwood, one of the protagonists of the novel, “Now he began leisurely to take off his clothes, but stopped first with his coat, and tucked it along the crack under the door. His vest he arranged in the same place.” Why did he do this? Because ________.A. he wanted to commit suicideB. he wanted to keep the room warmC. he didn’t want to be found by othersD. he wanted to enjoy the peace of mind39.The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the ___ in the American literary history.A .individual feelingsB. idea of survival of the fittestC. strong imaginationD. return to nature40. Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over ____.A. Ezra PoundB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Robert FrostD. Emily Dickinson41. The Hemingway Code heroes（硬汉形象）are best remembered for their __.A. indestructible spiritB. pessimistic view of lifeC. war experiencesD. masculinity (男性，男子气）42. IN The Emperor Jones and The Hairy Ape, O'Neill adopted the expressionist techniques to portray the _____ of human beings in a hostile universe.A. helpless situationB. uncertaintyC. profound religious faithD. courage and perseverance43. The high tide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around .[A]1820[B]1850[C]1880[D]192044.The subj ect matter of Robert Frost’s Poems focuses on .[A] ordinary country people and scenes[B]battle scenes of ancient Greek and Roman legends[C]struggling masses and crowded urban quarters[D]fantasies and mythical happenings45.Which group of writers are among those who may be called early pioneers of American literature?[A]Mark Twain and Henry James.[B]Fenimore Cooper and Washington lrving.[C]Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner[D]Jack London and O’Henry.46.To Theodore Dreiser, life is “so sad, so strange, so mysterious and so inexplicable.” No wonder the characters in his books are often subject to the control of the natural forces, especially those of _____and heredity.[A]fate[B]morality[C]social conventions[D]environment47.Hawthorne generally concerns himself with such issues as in his fiction.[A]the evil in man’s heart[B]the material pursuit[C]the racial conflict[D]the social inequality48._______ provides the main source of influence on American naturalism.[A]The puritan heritage[B]Howells’ ideas of realism[C]Darwin’s theory of evolution[D]The pioneer spirit of the wild west49.In Mark Twain’s The Adventures of huckleberry Finn, Huck writes a letter to inform against Jim, the escaped slave, and then he tears the letter up. This fact reveals that______ .[A]Huck has a mixed feeling of love and hate[B]there is a conflict between society and conscience in Huck[C]Huck is always an indecisive person[D]Huck has very little education50.Which terms can best describe the modernists’ concern of the human situation in their fiction?[A]Fragmentation （崩溃）and alienation.[B]Courage and honor.[C]Tradition and faith.[D]Poverty and desperation.51.Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features except .[A]a strict poetic form[B]a simple and conversational language[C]a free and natural rhythmic pattern[D]an easy flow of feelings52.All his novels reveal that, as time went on, Mark Twain became increasingly ____.[A]prolific (多产的）[B]artistic.[C]optimistic[D]pessimistic53.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Henry James’s writing style?[A] exquisite and elaborate language[B]minute and detailed descriptions[C]lengthy psychological analyses[D]American colloquialism54.In the beginning paragraph of Chapter 3, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald describes a big party by saying that “men and girls came and went like moths.” The author most likely indicates that______ .[A]there was a crowd of party-goers[B]such life does not have real meaning[C]these people were light-hearted[D]these were crazy and ignorant characters55.Which one of the following statements is NOT true of William Faulkner?[A]He is master of stream-of-consciousness narrative.[B]His writing is often complex and difficult to understand.[C]He often depicts slum life in New York and Chicago.[D]He represents a new group of Southern writers.56._________is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th century “stream-of-consciousness” novels and the founder of psychological realism.A. Theodore DreiserB. William FaulknerC. Henry JamesD. Mark Twain57.By the end of Sister Carrie, Dreiser writes, “It was forever to the pursuit of that radiance of delight which tints the distant hilltops of the world.” Dreiser implies that_____ .[A]there is a bright future lying ahead[B]there is no end to man’s desire[C]one should always be forward-looking[D]happiness is found in the end58. At the beginning of Faulkner’s A Rose For Emily, there is a detailed description of Emily’s old house. The purpose of such description is to imply that the person living in it ______.A. is a wealth ladyB. has good tasteC. is a prisoner of the pastD. is a conservative aristocrat59. ________ is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.A. Carl SandburgB. Edwin Arlington RobinsonC. William FaulknerD. F. Scott Fitzgerald60.The theme of Washington Irving’s Rip Van Winkle is（）.A. the conflict of human psycheB. the fight against racial discriminationC. the familial conflictD. the nostalgia（怀旧之情）for the unrecoverable past61.Hemingway once described Mark Twain’s novel ______ the one book from which “all modern American literature comes.”A. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. The Adventures of Tom SawyerC. The Gilded AgeD. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg。

英国文学选读试题PART ONEI. Multiple Choice1. Although _______ was essentially a medieval writer, he bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new era of literature to come.A. William LanglandB. John GowerC. Geoffrey ChaucerD. Edmund SpenserAnswer: C2. The religious reformation in the early 16th-century England was a reflection of the class struggles waged by the _____.A. rising bourgeoisie against the feudal class and its ideologyB. working class against the corruption of the bourgeoisieC. landlord class against the rising bourgeoisie and its ideologyD. feudal class against the corruption of the Catholic ChurchAnswer: A3. The statement that a man gained the whole world but lost his own soul makes a good summary of the main plot of ______.A. Paradise LostB. The Merchant of VeniceC. HamletD. The Tragic History of Doctor FaustusAnswer: D4. "Is not a patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help?"The above passage is taken from _______.A. Francis Bacon’s "Of Studies"B. William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of VeniceC. Samuel Johnson’s "To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield"D. Jonathan Swift’s "A Modest Proposal"Answer: C5. The essence of humanism is to ______.A. restore a medieval reverence for the churchB. avoid the circumstances of earthly lifeC. explore the next world in which men could live after deathD. emphasize human qualitiesAnswer: D6. In The Pilgrim’s Progress, John Bunya n describes The Vanity Fair in a ______ tone.A. delightfulB. satiricalC. sentimentalAnswer: B7. The 18th century witnessed a new literary form -the modern English novel, which, contrary to the medieval romance, gives a ______ presentation of life of the common English people.A. romanticB. idealisticC. propheticD. realisticAnswer: D8. As a literary figure, John Rivers appears in _______.A. Fielding’s Tom JonesB. Dickens’s Oliver TwistC. Bronte’s Jane EyreD. Austen’s Pride and PrejudiceAnswer: C9. Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe created the image of an enterprising Engl ishman, typical of the English bourgeoisie in the ______ century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thAnswer: B10. In "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard," Thomas Gray compares the common folk with the great ones, wondering what the commons could have achieved if they had had the ______.A. chanceB. loveC. moneyD. material sourcesAnswer: A11. The poetic view of ______ can be best understood from his remark about poetry, that is, "all goodpoetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings."A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. John KeatsC. William WordsworthD. Percy Bysshe ShellyAnswer: C12. Pip, Estella, Havisham, Magwitch, and Joe Gargery are most likely names of characters in _______.A. Oliver TwistB. David CopperfieldC. Bleak HouseD. Great ExpectationsAnswer: B13. In English poetry the _______ is regarded as the most common foot.B. anapestC. trocheeD. dactylAnswer: A14. In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennet finds out some weak points about herself in the process of judging others. Which of the following is NOT a weak point of hers?A. Blindness.B. Partiality.C. Snobbishness.D. Prejudice.Answer: C15. In Byron’s poem "Song for the Luddi tes," the word "Luddite" refers to the _______.A. workers who destroyed the machines in their protest against unemploymentB. rising bourgeoisie who fought against the aristocratic classC. descendents of the ancient king, King LudD. poor country people who suffered under the rule of the landlord classAnswer: A16. "Five miles meandering with a mazy motion\Through wood and dale the sacred river ran,Then reached the caverns measureless to man,And sank in tumult to a lifeless ocean."The above lines are taken from ______.A. Wordsworth’s "The Solitary Reaper"B. Blake’s "The Chimney Sweeper"C. Coleridge’s "Kubla Khan"D. Keats’s "Od e on an Grecian Urn"Answer: C17. In his poem, "Ode to the West Wind," Shelley intends to present his wind as a central _______ around which the poem weaves various cycles of death and rebirth.A. conceptB. symbolC. simileD. metonymyAnswer: B18. In the conversation with his wife in Chapter One of Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Bennet uses a(n) ______ tone with sarcastic humor.A. solemnB. harshC. arrogantD. teasingAnswer: D19. Charles Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of his novel ______.A. Great ExpectationsB. A Tale of Two CitiesC. Bleak HouseD. Oliver TwistAnswer: B20. A typical feature of the English ______ literature is that writers became social and moral critics, exposing all kinds of social evils.A. RenaissanceB. RomanticC. VictorianD. MedievalAnswer: C21. The statement that those extraordinary people, seeking something beyond the provincial life, have finally to subject themselves to the limitations of the reality either due to their own weakness or thesocial environment may well sum up one of the major themes of ______.A. Fielding’s Tom JonesB. Defoe’s Robinson CrusoeC. Austen’s Pride and PrejudiceD. Eliot’s MiddlemarchAnswer: D22. A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of ______, who never pays any attention to human feelings.A. justiceB. propertyC. moralityD. humorAnswer: B23. Which of the following statements about The Scarlet Letter is NOT true?A. It explores man’s never-ending search for the satisfaction of materialistic desires.B. It relates the conflicts between the society and the individual.C. It is about the effect of sin on the people involved and the society as a whole.D. It presents a psychological analysis of the inward tensions of the characters.Answer: B24. "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind" is a famous quote from _______’s writings.A. Walt WhitmanB. Henry David ThoreauC. Herman MelvilleD. Ralph Waldo EmersonAnswer: D25. Which of Hemingway’s novels describes the drifting life of American exiles in Europe?A. The Sun Also Rises.B. A Farewell to Arms.C. For Whom the Bell Tolls.D. The Old Man and the Sea.Answer: B26. The theme of _______ may be well stated as "It sings of nationalism and of the nature of the self in relation to the cosmos and the meaning and purpose of birth and death."A. Edgar Allan Poe’s "To H elen"B. Robert Frost’s "The Road Not Taken"C. Walt Whitman’s "Song of Myself"D. Emily Dickenson’s "Because I could not stop for Death"Answer: C27. The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage benefited the Americans in _______.A. strengthening their moral valuesB. weakening their religious faithC. knowing truth intuitivelyD. developing their science and technologyAnswer: A28. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his ______.A. international themeB. waste-land imageryC. local colorD. symbolismAnswer: C29. "Strange names were over the doors -strange faces at the windows -every thing was strange. His mind now began to misgive him, that both he and the world around him were bewitched. Surely this was his native village, which he had left but the day before." The above passage is taken from ______.A. Irving’s "Rip Van Winkle"B. Hawthorne’s "Young Goodman Brown"C. James’ "Daisy Miller"D. Hemingway’s "Ind ian Camp"Answer: A30. According to Hawthorne, the scarlet letter "A" which originally stood for "_______" finally obtained the meaning of "able" or "angel" through Hester’s efforts.A. adulteryB. arroganceC. accomplishmentD. agonyAnswer: A31. As a naturalist writer, Theodore Dreiser was greatly influenced by _______.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Charles DarwinC. Henry JamesD. Ralph Waldo EmersonAnswer: B32. In Sister Carrie, Hurstwood, extremely hopeless and totally devastated, ends his life by turning on the gas, while at the same time Carrie is rocking comfortably in her luxurious hotel room before sheboards a ship for _______.A. New YorkB. LondonC. ParisD, GenevaAnswer: B33. In Henry James’ "Daisy Miller," the author tries to portray the p rotagonist as an embodiment of______.A. the force of conventionB. the decline of aristocracyC. the free spirit of the New WorldD. the corruption of the new richAnswer: C34. American writers of the first postwar era who were devoid of faith and alienated from thecivilization were commonly called "______."A. sons of libertyB. fatherless childrenC. a beat generationD. a lost generationAnswer: D35. The raft with which Huck and Jim make their voyage down the Mississippi River may symbolize all the following EXCEPT ______.A. a return to natureB. an escape from evils, injustices, and corruption of the civilized societyC. the heavenly kingdom of ChristianityD. a small world where people of different colors can live friendly and happilyAnswer: C36. Of the following American poets in the twentieth century, the one who has the best knowledge of Chinese culture is _______.A. Robert FrostB. Allen GinsbergC. Ezra PoundD. E. E. CummingsAnswer: C37. Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner’s story "A Rose for Emily," can be regarded as a symbol standing for all the following qualities EXCEPT _______.A. no prejudice against the northernersB. rigid ideas of social statusC. bigotry and eccentricityD. grace and integrityAnswer: D38. Robert Frost is a regional poet in the sense that his poems are mainly concerned about the _______.A. life in New YorkB. country life in New EnglandC. sea adventuresD. life on the MississippiAnswer: B39. In Hemingway’s story "Indian Camp" Nick, the protagonist, witnesses _______.A. a tragic killing of the Indians by the white manB. real friendship between the white men and the IndiansC. men’s senseless killing of each otherD. terrible scenes of birth and deathAnswer: D40. Great Gatsby, written by Fitzgerald in 1925, is a story about ______ who was destroyed by the influence of the wealthy, pleasure-seeking people around him.A. a vagabondB. an idealistC. an eccentricD. an opportunistAnswer: BPART TWOII. Reading Comprehension41. "Busy old fool, unruly sun,Why dost thou thus,Through windows and through curtains call on us?"Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What does the word "fool" refer to?C. What idea does the quotation express?参考答案：A It is taken from Jone Donne’s "The Sun Rising" (P66)B. "fool" refers to the sun.C. Donne’s great prose works are his sermons, the quotation expresse s a strong sense of rebellious spirit, the author tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.(P63+66)42. "Most mighty Emperor of Lilliput, delight and terror of the universe, whose dominions extend five thousand blustrugs (about twelve miles in circumference) to the extremities of the globe; Monarch of all Monarchs; taller than the sons of men; whose feet press down to the center, and whose head strikes against the sun; at whose nod the princes of the earth shake their knees; pleasant as spring, comfortable as summer, fruitful as autumn, dreadful as winter."Questions:A. Identify the work and the author.B. What is the tone of the author?C. What does the author parody here?Answers:A. The passage comes from "Gulliver’s Travels" written by Jonanthan Swift. (P115)B. The author used the Ironic tone of the passage.C. Romance (prose)/ Adventurous prose is the parody here.43. "She thanked men -good! but thankedSomehow -I know not how -as if she rankedMy gift of a nine-hundred-years-old nameWith anybody’s gift."Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What kind of tone does the speaker use here?C. What idea does the quoted passage express?Answers:A. The poem is "My Last Duchess", by Robert Browning. (P286)B. The speaker is Duke, he is a villain. The speaker uses the tone of arrogant (傲慢的) here.C. The quoted passage reveals the duke is a self-conceited, cruel and tyrannical man. (P287)44. "This is my letter to the WorldThat never wrote to Me -The simple News that Nature told -With tender Majesty"Questions:A. Identify the poetB. What does the word "World" refer to?C. What idea does the quoted passage express?Answers:A. The poet is Emily Dickinson. (P520)B. "World" refers to the outside world.C. The poem expresses Dickinson’s anxiety about her communication with the outs ide world. (P520) III. Questions and Answers45. "For herein Fortune shows herself more kindThan in her custom; it is still her useTo let the wretched man outlive his wealth,To view with hollow eye and wrinkled browAn age of poverty; from which ling’ring pena nceOf such misery doth she cut me off."The above lines are taken from a speech made by Antonio, a major chara cter in Shakespeare’s play The Merchant of Venice. Why does Antonio say that Fortune is more kind to him than in her custom?参考答案:This sentence means she, Lady Fortune, is more kind to him because she is taking away both his wealth and life. The speaker is Antonio, it’s said that his ship have all been lost, and he is penniless, andwill have to pay the pound of flesh. (Because Shylock has made a strange bond that requires Antonio to pay him a pound of flesh if he can’t repay him, the money that he borrowed for h is friend in due time.) (P38)46. "The first shot I made among these creatures, I killed a she-goat which had a little kid by her which she gave suck to, which grieved me heartily; but when the old one fell, the kid stood stock still by hertill I came and took her up, and not only so, but when I carried the old one with me upon my shoulders, the kid followed me quite to my enclosure, upon which I laid down the dam, and took the kid in my arms, and carried it over my pale, in hopes to have it bred up tame, but it would not eat, so I was forced tokill it and eat it myself; these two supplied me with flesh a great while, for I ate sparingly; and savedmy provisions (my bread especially) as much as possibly I could."This is a very significant sentence with great details that reveals the character of Robinson Crusoe.What aspects of Crusoe’s character are re vealed then?参考答案:1) In most of his works, Defoe gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy middle class and showed his sympathy for the lower-class people. Robinson Crusoe was such a character.2) Robison goes out to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned/landed on a lonely island, struggles to livefor 24 years there and finally is saved by a ship and returns to England. During the period Robinsonleads a harsh and lonely life and survives by growing corps, taming animals, etc. growing from a na?veyoung man into a hardened man.3) With a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy (精力充沛), courage and persistence in overcoming difficulties（在克服困难方面持之以恒）, in struggling against nature, Crusoe becomes the prototype / representative of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. （他是大英帝国缔造者的完美典范，同时也是殖民者的先驱）．4) In the novel, Defoe glorified human labor and the puritan fortitude which the middle class praisedhighly, so he can be regarded as a spokesman of the bourgeois. (P98-100)47. Situational irony occurs when what happens turns out to be quite different from what is expected; sometimes what happen is just the opposite of what is expected. In "Indian Camp," Hemingway makes a successful use of this kind of irony.Please illustrate it with some examples.(本题属于超纲题，书上没有现成的答案，可忽略不计)48. "The only thing I don’t like, she proceeded, is the society." ("Daisy Miller" by Henry James)What kind of society does Daisy not like? Why?参考答案:She doesn’t like the old world ---European life. Because she is the American Girl in Europe, acelebrated cultural type who embodies the spirit of the New World. However, innocence, the keynote of her character, turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in theOld World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures. (P499---500)IV Topic Discussion49. List three distinctive features of English Renaissance movement in literature and then illustrateeach with proofs from either the concerned chapter in your textbook or your own reading.参考答案:1) The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation. Petrarch wasregarded as the fountainhead of literature by the English writers. Wyatt introduced the Petrachan sonnetinto England and Surrey brought in blank verse.2) The Elizabethan drama, in its totality, is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The Greekand Roman Drams had a great influence on the Elizabeth Drama, especially on Shakespeare’s tragedies. E.g. Hamlet, the first of the great tragedies, is regarded as Shakespeare’s most popular play on the stage.3) Francis Bacon, the first important English essayist, is best known for his essays which greatlyinfluenced the development of his literary form. He was the founder of modern science in England.(P10---12)50. "My faith is gone!" cried he (Goodman Brown), after one stupefied moment. "There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! for to thee is this world given."Comment on thi s passage from Hawthorne’s "Young Goodman Brown".参考答案:1) Allegorically, Young Goodman Brown becomes an Everyman called Brown, who will be aged in one night by an evil adventure, and the evilness makes everyone a fallen idol in the world.2) "My Faith is gone" is a pun, it means my wife has disappeared or my faith to God has gone. In theangle of Symbol: "Brown look up to the Heaven and resist the wicked one" symbols Brown has the force to resist the evilness of the Nature and he still has the faith to God; but "he is alone in the forest"symbol s the society is the place full of sins and evilness, Brown’s strength is not enough at all; thenafter returning, he lives a dismal and gloomy life symbols he has been crushed down by the socialevilness and lost his belief in goodness and piety. (P434—435)。

1. =Beowul= can be termed England ’s national epic and its hero Beowulf —one of the nationalheroes of the English people. 贝奥武夫（有记载的最早的一部英国文学作品）2. The literature of Anglo-Saxon period falls naturally into two divisions, --=( Pagan ) andChristian=.The former represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of =oral sagas= , --the crude material out of which literature was slowlydeveloped on English soil; the latter represents the = writings= developed under teaching ofthe monks. 盎格鲁 - 撒克逊时期的文学自然地分成两个部门, —— (异教徒 )和基督教。

前者代表了诗歌的盎格鲁撒克逊人可能带来的形式口头传说 ,原油材料文献在慢慢开发英语土壤; 他后者代表作品在教学的僧侣。

3. The Song of Beowulf reflects events which tookplace on the=European Continent =approximately at the beginning of thcentury, when the the 6 forefathers of the Jutes lived in the southern part of the = Scandinavian peninsula=.4. The old English poetry can be divided into two groups: the =secular=poetry and the =religious=poetry. 世俗诗歌和宗教诗歌。

英语诗歌欣赏：Kubla Khan by：Samule Taylor Coleridge作者：塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治(Samuel T aylor Coleridge，1772-1834年)，英国诗人和评论家，他一生是在贫病交困和鸦片成瘾的阴影下度过的，诗歌作品相对较少。

尽管存在这些不利因素，柯勒律治还是坚持创作，确立了其在幻想浪漫诗歌方面的主要浪漫派诗人地位。

英国诗人Samule Taylor Coleridge ：Kubla Khan 忽必烈by Samuel Taylor ColeridgeIn Xanadu did Kubla KhanA stately pleasure-dome decree:Where Alph, the sacred river, ranThrough caverns measureless to manDown to a sunless sea.So twice five miles of fertile groundWith walls and towers were girdled round:And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills,Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;And here were forests ancient as the hills,Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.But oh! that deep romantic chasm which slantedDown the green hill athwart a cedarn cover!A savage place! as holy and enchantedAs e'er beneath a waning moon was hauntedBy woman wailing for her demon-lover!And from this chasm, with ceaseless turmoil seething,As if this earth in fast thick pants were breathing,A mighty fountain momently was forced:Amid whose swift half-intermitted burstHuge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail, Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail: And 'mid these dancing rocks at once and ever It flung up momently the sacred river.Five miles meandering with a mazy motion Through wood and dale the sacred river ran, Then reached the caverns measureless to man, And sank in tumult to a lifeless ocean:And 'mid this tumult Kubla heard from far Ancestral voices prophesying war!The shadow of the dome of pleasure Floated midway on the waves;Where was heard the mingled measureFrom the fountain and the caves.It was a miracle of rare device,A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice!A damsel with a dulcimerIn a vision once I saw:It was an Abyssinian maid,And on her dulcimer she played,Singing of Mount Abora.Could I revive within meHer symphony and song,To such a deep delight 'twould win meThat with music loud and longI would build that dome in air,That sunny dome! those caves of ice!And all who heard should see them there, And all should cry, Beware! Beware!His flashing eyes, his floating hair!Weave a circle round him thrice, And close your eyes with holy dread, For he on honey-dew hath fedAnd drunk the milk of Paradise.。

莫扎特的生平事迹英语作文Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, Austria, was a musical prodigy who revolutionized the world of classical music. His exceptional talent and prolific output have left an indelible mark on the annals of music history.Mozart's early life was filled with promise. He showed remarkable musical ability from a very young age, often composing and performing for his family and friends. His father, Leopold Mozart, a respected violinist and composer, recognized his son's天赋 and decided to nurture it. Leopold took Wolfgang and his sister on a European tour, where the young Mozart performed before royal courts and delighted audiences with his musical prowess.Despite the demands of the tour, Mozart's creativity flourished. He composed over 200 works during his teenage years, including symphonies, chamber music, and piano concertos. His music was already distinctively his own, displaying a unique blend of melody, harmony, and structure that set him apart from his contemporaries.Mozart's adult life was filled with both triumphs and challenges. He found success as a composer and performer in Vienna, the musical capital of Europe. His works were performed regularly at the court of Emperor Joseph II, and he established himself as one of the most sought-after composers of his generation.However, Mozart's personal life was often tumultuous. He struggled with financial difficulties, dealt with the loss of loved ones, and faced professional rivalries that took a toll on his mental health. Despite these challenges, he continued to compose, producing works that were increasingly complex and profound.One of Mozart's most famous compositions is the opera "Don Giovanni," which premiered in 1787. This work showcases Mozart's mastery of music drama, combining powerful melodies with intricate orchestral textures. "Don Giovanni" remains a staple of the opera repertory today, testament to Mozart's enduring influence.Mozart's final years were marked by a decline in his health and a tragic turn of events. In 1791, he composed his final work, "Requiem in D minor," a poignant testamentto his own mortality. Tragically, Mozart died on December 5, 1791, at the age of 35, leaving the world in mourning for a musical genius who had touched the hearts of millions.Mozart's legacy is one that has transcended time. His music continues to inspire and delight listeners across the globe. His contributions to the field of classical musicare immeasurable, and his influence on subsequent generations of composers is profound. Mozart's remarkablelife and musical genius are a testament to the power of creativity and the enduring impact of art.**莫扎特非凡的一生与音乐天才**1756年1月27日，沃尔夫冈·阿马德乌斯·莫扎特出生于奥地利萨尔茨堡，这位音乐神童彻底改变了古典音乐的格局。

英国文学选择题1. The Canterbury Tales was written in ________.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Modern EnglishD. Current Modern English2. Pilgrims travel to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury in ________.A. MarchB. AprilC. MayD. June3.The story of Hamlet takes place in ________.A. EnglandB. DenmarkC. ItalyD. Germany4. Shakespeare’s four great tragedies are _________A. Anthony and Cleopatra, Coriolanus, King Lear, Timon of AthensB. Twelfth Night, Cynbeline, The Winter’s Tale, and The TempestC. Hamlet, Othello, King John, and MacbethD. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth5.A sonnet is a poem of ________ lines, usually in iambic pentameter, with rhymes arranged according to a certain definite patterns.A. 8B. 6C. 14D. 246.Francis Bacon was ________ contemporaryA. Geoffrey Chaucer’sB. Thomas More’sC. William Shakespeare’sD. John Milton’s7.John Donne’s “Holy Sonnet 10”expresses ________.A. the fear of deathB. the admiration of deathC. the triumph over deathD. the pleasure from death8.The Metaphysical Poetry is characterized by its extensive use of ________.A. the impersonal voiceB. conceitsC. traditional symbolsD. literary allusions9.The Bible stories were used as source material for the following except ________.A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Lycidas10. ______ has been regarded as the father of the novel.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Daniel DefoeC. Henry FieldingD. Samuel Richardson11. In addition to The Life and Surprising Adventures ofRobinson Crusoe, Defoe also wrote ______。