★北外2002年同声翻译试题

北京外国语大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试试题招生专业：英语同声传译科目名称：英汉互译（考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）In the pre-modern era, political, economic, and social life was governed by a dense web of interlocking relationships inherited from the past and sanctified by religion. Limited personal freedom and material benefits existed alongside a mostly unquestioned social solidarity. Traditional local orders began to erode with the rise of capitalism in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as the increasing prevalence and dominance of market relationships broke down existing hierarchies. The shift produced economic and social dynamism, an increase in material benefits and personal freedoms, and a decrease in communal feeling. As this process continued, the first modern political ideology, classical liberalism, emerged to celebrate and justify it.Liberalism stressed the importance of the rule of law, limited government, and free commercial transactions. It highlighted the manifold rewards of moving to a world dominated by markets rather than traditional communities, a shift the economic historian Karl Polanyi would call “the great transformation.” But along with the gains came losses as well—of a sense of place, of social and psychological stability, of traditional bulwarks against life’s vicissitudes.Left to itself, capitalism produced long-term aggregate benefits along with great volatility and inequality. This combination resulted inwhat Polanyi called a “double movement,” a progressive expansion of both market society and reactions against it. (211）二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）The European Union was established with a legal treaty and is founded on the principle of the rule of law. This concept centers on a set of rules governing all society's processes and interactions and being above all society's institutions and organizations. The rules or laws set the moral and ethical standards by which the behaviour of members of society and organizations are judged. For the rule of law and thereby civil society to flourish, it requires the citizens of a country to respect and trust legal processes, and the law to be applied in a consistent way to all. This gives people a feeling of inclusiveness and optimism about their future. The European Union's Governance for Equitable Development (GED) project, implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) from 2007 to 2012, has assisted China to benefit from knowledge of Europe’s developed legal system and civil society through technical exchange, research and knowledge sharing.As people’s incomes grow and materi al living standards rise, their expectations about the quality of life, participation in civil society, protection of property and individual rights increase. Meeting these expectations for a better life in a rapidly urbanizing society with a still significant rural population is one of the key challenges facing China today. This is where the GED project has supported China in moving to a more equitable, inclusive and vibrant civil society, based on the rule of law.The project has worked with three key Chinese agencies, the National Peoples’ Congress, the Supreme People’s Court and the Ministry of Civil Affairs on topics ranging from law drafting and court efficiency to registration of civil society organizations. The project has produced remarkable results over five years, leading to an improved environment for civil society to flourish in China, increased citizen participation in law making, reduced barriers to seeking justice, increased transparency and efficiency of selected courts and progress in the consistency of court decisions. (321)三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）当今世界，和平、发展、合作是时代潮流更加强劲，但同时人类社会也面临着前所未有的挑战。

北外英语学院翻译考研真题一、英译汉Passage 1:The Price of EducationThe fact that university education has become such a lucrative business has attracted much attention. Universities in the United States, for example, constantly compete to attract students, and they do so by offering various inducements.Some universities offer better facilities, and try to create an attractive environment in which to live and study. Increasingly, however, the quality of education is also being judged by the percentage of graduates who are able to find employment after graduation. Employers, it seems, are no longer satisfied with a university education per se, but want to be assured that graduates will have the skills necessary for the job. To ensure this, some universities are offering simulated work experience as part of their degree programs. Some universities even venture into the realm of industry and commerce, regarding themselves as training colleges rather than as scholarly institutions.The motives behind this new emphasis on practical training are not entirely altruistic. Many universities in the United Kingdom, for example, rely heavily on government funding. The thinking is that by producing employable graduates, universities are not only ensuring that their graduates get good jobs and earn good money, they are also reducing the burden on thestate. Indeed, in some countries, universities that fail to achieve high levels of graduate employment are actually penalized financially.But what is sacrificed in this obsession with practicality? The traditional concept of a university is based on the belief that knowledge is valuable in itself, and that the purpose of education is the pursuit of truth. To surrender this belief and degrade the university to the role of industry training center is to throw the baby out with the bathwater. Certainly, graduates must be able to find employment to support themselves, but a society that puts material gain above all else is a society that has lost its soul.Passage 2:Another Look at Cross-cultural CommunicationThe common expectation of much cross-cultural training is that it is designed to help business people improve their cross-cultural communication competence, thus increasing performance in a variety of multicultural or international contexts. Cross-cultural training often takes the form of brief seminars, sometimes with hands-on experiential exercises and is meant to be enjoyable, eye-opening and informative. Many authors believe that by offering such training, organizations are doing the right thing for their employees because effective cross-cultural communication skills can be a competitive advantage in business.However, less attention has been given to understanding the linkage between the skills and competencies that have been delineated and measured and the ability of learners to effectively apply such knowledge and abilities in specific situations they are likely to encounter at work. Despite the proliferation of studies advocating the use of cross-cultural training toenhance global management effectiveness, very little is known about how training may affect the actual performance of individuals or groups that are experiencing business or mission/aid-related challenges outside of their native cultural contexts.In today’s globalized and technological world, businesses and individuals are more connected across cultural boundaries than ever. In fact, almost all businesses from small to multinational employ individuals who have some form of cross-cultural interactions on a daily basis. By increasing our understanding of the linkages between knowledge, skills and abilitiesand desired training outcomes, we may be able to help individuals and organizations more effectively navigate the challenges associated with increasingly dynamic and complex cross-cultural task environment in which they operate.二、汉译英翻译 Passage 1：教育的代价大学教育已成为一个利润丰厚的生意，这一事实引起了广泛关注。

2002年9⽉翻译资格中级英语⼝译笔试真题及答案2002年9⽉翻译资格中级英语⼝译笔试真题及答案Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the ward or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in you ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage only once.SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST （40 minutes）As long as we are in a relationship, there is the potential for lasting happiness as well as for serious conflict. This applies at work, ______________(1) , and at home. The simple fact is that relationships are not always ________________(2) sailing. Conflict can lead to anger, hostility, and further conflicts. On the other hand, it can be used ad __________________(3) for solving problems. For example, you can handle conflict by_______________(4)that the problem exists, smoothing it over, or trying to overpower the other person. These, of course, will___________ (5)win or lose situations. But when you resolve conflict through collaboration and compromise, you can achieve _______________(6) situations. In today's lecture, I shall outline a few steps on ________________(7) transform a conflict into a solution in which both parties win. First_______________(8). Explain the problem to the other party. You should ___________(9) the conflict. It s hard to fix something before ____________(10)on what is broken.Second, understand all points of view. Set aside your own opinions for a moment and _________(11) to understand the other points of view. When people feel that they have been heard, they're often more ________________(12).Third, brainstorm. Dream up as many solutions as you can and _______________(13) them one by one. This step will require _______________(14). Talk about which solutions will work and _______________(15) they will be to implement. Your solutions need to be acceptable by both parties, so you should be prepared to __________(16). Later, you'll need to review the _______________(17) of the accepted solution. If it ______________(18), be open to making changes or_____________(19) to bring about a new solution.Finally, implement. When you have both __________(20), decide who is going to do what by when. Then keep your agreements.Part B: Listening ComprehensionI. StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. (A) Mr. Baker doesn't like to go to the meeting last night.(B) Last night Mr. Baker decided to cancel this morning's meeting.(C) Mr. Baker made up his mind not to go to this morning's meeting.(D) Mr. Baker made a last- minute decision to hold the meeting this morning.2. (A) Hard work often brings about discomfort in parts of the human body.(B) If you are nervous, you may hurt yourself in performing this kind of task.(C) Those staff members who work back to back are hard on each other.(D) This exercise is to relax your muscles in the neck, the shoulders and the back.3. (A) We have been working on this machine for two years.(B) Free maintenance work is for a period of two years.(C) You don't have to do repair work on this machine in two years.(D) With monthly cleaning, the oil in this machine can run for two years.4. (A) Only those high school graduates with excellent skills can be admitted into colleges.(B) No matter how difficult it is, high school graduates should at least try twice to get themselves into colleges.(C) Students should consider what they want to learn in the university.(D) Once in the university, you will feel superior to those drop- out students.5. (A) All the board members voted for the Chairman s proposal to open the branch office.(B) The Chairman was not in favor of the opening of a branch office in the suburbs.(C) the board members are expecting a new Chairman from the downtown office.(D) The Chairman's proposal to set up a branch office was turned down by the board members.6. (A) Mary had made an appointment to see the personnel manager last Tuesday.(B) Mary has been applying for a job and is going to see the personnel manager next week.(C) Mary is shortsighted and cannot see that personnel manager in the next office.(D) Mary didn t get that job since she was rue to the personnel manager on Tuesday.7. (A) The supermarket will be finished in sixty days.(B) It took us more than sixty days to finish building the supermarket.(C) The supermarket should have been finished sixty days ago.(D) The supermarket had been built sixty days earlier.8. (A) Her attendance record was severely damaged.(B) Her attendance record was never perfect.(C) She had once assisted in keeping the attendance record.(D) She had kept a near- perfect attendance record.9. (A) He didn't know what would happen if he made the suggestion.(B) He didn't feel nervous after he had put forward the suggestion.(C) He realized that the committee members would not adopt his suggestion.(D) He considered it important to the committee members first.10. (A) The Expo will be open the day after tomorrow.(B) The Expo is rescheduled to open on Friday.(C) The Expo's opening is delayed until tomorrow.(D)The Expo is not likely to open on Friday.II. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11~1411. (A) Mr. Powell telephoned. (B) The woman dated Mr. Powell.(C) Someone came to see him. (D) There was a traffic jam.12. (A) Because she hasn't recorded the phone message.(B) Because she hasn't let Mr. Powell in.(C) Because she hasn't invited him to lunch.(D) Because she hasn't phoned him.13. (A) Mr. Powell's name card.(B) The restaurant's phone number.(C) Some money to make a phone call.(D) The name of a well- known department store.14. (A) the woman was not careful about the man's name card.(B) The man was expecting someone to bring some important information.(C) The man was not available when Mr. Powell came in.(D) The woman accepted the man's apology for his mistake.Questions 15~1815. (A) In 1961. (B) In 1963.(C) In 1970. (D) In 1971.16. (A) Learning materials. (B) Laboratory facilities.(C) Summer course. (D) Party invitations.17. (A) Some laboratory tests can be done at home.(B) All the college course are available.(C) registrations are all the year round.(D) Invitations to parties are free to all the students.18. (A) part- time students may get cheaper snacks.(B) Students are able to get TV study programmes.(C) Students can attend lectures once a week.(D) Students may participate in summer school courses.Questions 19~2219. (A) A lawyer. (B) An artist.(C) A student. (D) A physician.20. (A) She thinks that it is a well- paid profession.(B) She considers herself to be fit for it.(C) She is unable to find other jobs for some time.(D) She wants to live independently of other people.21. (A) She can speak several languages. (B) She is more careful and kinder.(C) She can serve women clients better. (D) She is likely to get more sympathy.22. (A) Because it is well known for its educational excellence.(B) Because it is inexpensive in terms of school tuition fees.(C) Because it offers married students' apartments.(D) Because it allows students to practice during the school terms.Questions 23~2623. (A) studying socio- linguistics. (B) Talking about the weather.(C) Saying hullo to each other. (D) Listening to weather forecasts.24. (A) Linguists. (B) Drivers.(C) Teachers. (D) Students.25. (A) He is probably trying to begin a conversation.(B) He is earnestly requesting an answer.(C) He is carefully planning an out- door excursion.(D) He is tentatively preparing a composition on social conventions.26. (A) English people like to begin a conversation when the climate is favorable.(B) Foreign visitors are sometimes annoyed by the variability of the weather in England.(C) England is said to have the most effective transportation system in the world.(D) The weather conditions in England are not as bad as some people have imagined. Questions 27~3027. (A) 20,000. (B) 200,000.(C) 2,000,000. (D) 2,500,000.28. (A) The family owners. (B) The pressure groups.(C) The government and the councils. (D) The local housing committees.29. (A) Because the rents are too high.(B) Because there are not enough hostels.(C) Because the local councils are inefficient and indifferent.(D) Because some state- run homes are less comfortable than prisons.30. (A) A state- run apartment building for the homeless.(B) An efficient local housing committee in the metropolis.(C) A southern city that has solved the housing problem.(D) A charity organization that offers help to the homeless.Part C: Listening and TranslationI. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANAWER BOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)II. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content.You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1~5In a bay near Almeria in Southern Spain will be built the world's first underwater residence for tourists. The hotel will be 40 feet down in the Mediterranean. As all the world opened to tour operators, there was still a frontier behind which lay three quarters of the globe's surface, the sea; in whose cool depths light fades; no winds blow; there are no stars. There even the most bored travelers could recapture their sense of romance, terror or beauty. For a submerged hotel is such a beautiful idea. The hotel will cost 170,000 and will be able to accommodate up to ten people a night. Up until now only scientists and professional divers have lived under the sea, but soon, for the first time, the public will be able to go down into the darkness. They will have to swim down in diving suits, but at 40 feet there would be no problem about decompression.Design of the hotel was crucial. Most of the underwater structures used before had been in the shape of a diving bell or submarine. Professional divers could cope with such things but ordinary people would run the risk of violent claustrophobia. Then an Austrian architect had the idea of making three interconnecting circular structures, 18 feet in diameter, and looking much like flying saucers. They would be cast in concrete and launched from the shore. Towed into position they would then be sunk. A foundation of cast concrete would already be in place on the sea- bed. Pylons would attach the structures to this. Once in position the structures would be pumped dry. The pylons made to withstand an uplift pressure of 350 tons, would then take the strain.Cables linking the underwater structures to the hotel on shore would connect it with electricity, fresh water, television, and an air pump, and also dispose of sewage. Entry would be from underneath, up a ladder; because of the pressure inside there would be no need of airlocks or doors.The first structure would include a changing room and a shower area, where the divers would get out of their gear. There would also be a kitchen and a lavatory. The second structure would contain a dining room/ lecture theatre, and sleeping accommodation for eight people. The third structure would contain two suites. A steward would come down with the ten customers, to cook and look after them. Television monitors would relay all that went on to the shore so that discussions on the sea bed could be transmitted to all the world.1.From the passage we understand that tour operators and travelers will be interested in the submerged hotel as___________.(A) it is a quiet place for research work (B) it is an ideal sea- food restaurant (C) it will offer new possibilities (D) it will have unchanging weather2. What design was finally considered most suitable for the new hotel?(A) Three separated circles. (B) Three linked discs.(C) Three connected globes. (D) Three interlocked cylinders.3. The hotel would be able to float under water because it would be ____________.(A) made of light material (B) 350 tons in weight(C) filled with air (D) attached to pylons4. It is planned that sleeping quarters will be provided for the guests in the __________.(A) second structure (B) second and third structures(C) first and third structures (D) third structure5. The purpose of television monitors under the sea would be to relay ____________.(A). instructions from the sea bed to the shore(B). news from the shore to the sea bed(C).information from the world to the sea bed(D). information to the world from the sea bedQuestions 6~10For most people, boasting about oneself does not come naturally. It is not easy or comfortable to tell someone all the wonderful things you have accomplished. But that is exactly what you need to do if you are seeking a new job, or trying to hold on to the one you have.Of course, there is a fine line between self- confidence and arrogance, so to be successful in winning over the interviewer you must learn to maximize your accomplishments and attributes without antagonizing the interviewer.The natural tendency for most job seekers is to behave modestly in a job interview. To do the best job of selling yourself in an interview, you have to be prepared in advance. As part of your job- hunting check list, write down on a piece of paper your major job- related accomplishments. Commit them to memory. You will probably be pleasantly surprised to see in writing all that you have done.By developing this list, you will have accomplished two things: the first is you will impress the interviewer by being able to talk confidently and succinctly about your accomplishments. You will not have to sit uncomfortably while you think of your successes. They will be at the tip of your tongue. Secondly, rather than dwell on your own personality characteristics, such as how hardworking or creative you are, you can discuss hard facts, such as how you saved your employer money or an idea you developed that helped a customer man more money. When chronicling your accomplishments for the interviewer, take as much credit as you honestly can. If you developed a specific idea without help from your supervisor, it is acceptable to say that. Remember, you are at that interview to sell yourself, not your former co- workers.However, never criticize your former employer. Sharing your negative thoughts with the interviewer is an immediate turn- off and will only brand you as a complainer and gossip, whom no one likes or will hire.Keep in mind that the most important part of a job interview is making the employer like you and presenting yourself as the person he or she wants you to be. Consciously or not most employers tend to hire people who reflect their own values and standards.Once you get the job you want, boasting about your accomplishments does not stop. Although you may think all your successes and achievements are highly visible, remember that you are only one lf many people in a company. Lack of recognition is cited by a majority of discharged managers as the most frequent complaint against the former employer.To help make yourself more visible in the company, volunteer for additional assignments— both job- related and non-business related. These could include community relations or charitable activities in which your company is involved. These types of activities may enable you to have more time and access to top executives of the company to whom you may endear yourself. You might even have the opportunity to tell them what you are doing for the company, which can never hurt.6. This article is mostly about how to _________________.(A) interview for a job (B) please your boss(C) get along with co- workers (D) get and keep a job7. In Paragraph 2, the wo rd “maximize” means to ___________.(A) talk about (B) make the most of(C) be modest about (D) play down8. The author states that the one thing you should never do during an interview is__________.(A) list your successes in previousjobs(B) promote your qualifications for thejob(C) tell your potential boss about the projects you ve worked on(D) make negative comments about your former employer9. The author provides his views on winning and holding a new job by ______________.(A) offering suggestions (B) presenting facts and statistics(C) describing extreme situations (D) telling stories10. In the passage, the author recommends all of the following EXCEPT _____________.(A) making a point of telling your supervisor what you have done(B) taking part in non- business- related activities(C) going on boasting about your successes and achievements(D) giving the employer an idea on how to run his other businessQuestions 11~155 Steps to Living Longer1 Watch Your TemperScientists have long believed that Type A's—those people driven by ambition, hard work and tight deadlines—were most prone to heart attacks. But it's not striving for goals that leads to disease; rather, it's being hostile, angry and cynical.Suggests Mittleman: if stress mounts so high that you begin snapping at people, “Ask yourself, Is it worth having a heart attack over this?’”2 Lighten Your Dark Moodsfor years, evidence linking depression to an increased risk of heart attack has been growing. Johns Hopkins researchers interviewed 1551 people who were free of heart disease in the early 1980s and again 14 years later. Those who reported having experienced major depression were four times as likely to have a heart attack as those who had not been depressed. Exercise is an often overlooked antidepressant. In a study at Duke University, 60 percent of clinically depressed people who took a brisk 30- minute walk or jog at least three times a week were no longer depressed after 16 weeks.3 Flatten That BellyMore than 50 years ago French scientist Jean Vague noted that people with a lot of upper- body fat (those who looked like apples rather than pears) often developed heart disease, diabetes and other ailments. But it wasn't until the introduction of CT and MRI scans that doctors discovered that a special kind of fat, visceral fat, located within the abdomen, was strongly linked to these diseases.According to the National Institutes of Health, there's trouble brewing when your waist measures 35 inches or more if you're a woman, and 40 inches or more if you re a man. And that's regardless of height.4 Limit Your Bad HabitsHeavy drinking. Moderate drinkers may be the least likely to develop Metabolic Syndrome, while alcoholics are the most likely. In part that's because, pound for pound, they carry more abdominal fat. In one Swedish study, researchers found that male alcoholics carried 48 percent of their body fat within the abdomen, compared with 38 percent for teetotalers. Cigarette smoking. Smoking is dangerous for reasons besides lung cancer or emphysema. Some 60 minutes after smoking a cigarette, one study revealed, smokers still showed elevated levels of cortisol, which promotes abdominal fat storage. Over-caffeinating. Moderate caffeine consumption doesn't seem to be harmful for most people. But recent studies suggest that when men who have both high blood pressure and a family history of hypertension drink a lot of caffeinated coffee while under job stress, they may experience a dangerous rise in blood pressure.5 Rev Up Your MetabolismA new understanding of how disease sets up shop in your body focuses on metabolism—the sum of physical and chemical reactions necessary to maintain life. This approach reveals that a healthy metabolic profile counts for more than cardiovascular fitness or weight alone.As Glenn A. Gasser, professor of exercise physiology at the University of Virginia, notes, “Metabolic fit ness is one of the best safeguards against heart disease, stroke and diabetes. ”11. The phrase “snapping at” (Step 1: Watch Your Temper) is closest in meaning to __________.(A) Judging severely (B) declaring publicly(C) answering rudely (D) understanding wrongly12. According to the passage, which of the following people are liable to incur and suffer from heart attacks?(A) Those whose waist measures 35 inches or less.(B) Those who take a brisk 20- minute walk twice a week.(C) Those who have experienced major depression.(D) Those who have been striving for goals.13. Stress may lead to all of the following EXCEPT_____________.(A) hostile disposition (B) cynical behaviour(C) over- caffeinating (D) great ambition14. According to the passage, what kind of people are teetotalers (Step 4: Limit Your Bad Habits)?(A) Non- alcoholics. (B) Heavy drinkers.(C) Chain smokers. (D) Non- smokers.15.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?(A) There is trouble brewing when your waist measures 35 inches or less.(B) Metabolic fitness might prevent people from having heart disease.(C) Moderate drinkers may be the most likely to develop Metabolic Syndrome.(D) Moderate caffeine consumption seems to be harmful for most people. Questions 16~20World prehistory is written from data recovered from thousands of archaeological sites, places where traces of human activity are to be found. Sites are normally identified through the presence of manufactured tools.Archaeological sites are most commonly classified by the activity that occurred there. Habitation sites are places where people lived and carried out a wide range of different activities. Most prehistoric sites come under this category, but habitation sites can vary from a small open campsite through rockshelters and caves, to large accumulations of shellfish remains (shell middens). Village habitation sites may consist of a small accumulation of occupation deposit and mud hut fragments, huge earthen mounds, or communes of stone buildings or entire buried cities. Each presents its own special excavation problems. Burial sites provide a wealth of information on the prehistoric past. Grinning skeletons are very much part of popular archaeological legend, and human remains are common finds in the archaeological record. The earliest deliberate human burials are between fifty and seventy thousand years old. Individual burials are found in habitation sites, but often the inhabitants designated a special area for a cemetery. This cemetery could be a communal burial place where everyone was buried regardless of social status. Other burial sites, lik the Shang royal cemeteries in China, were reserved for nobility alone. Parts of a cemetery were sometimes reserved for certain special individuals in society such as clan leaders or priests. The patterning of grave goods in a cemetery can provide information about intangible aspects of human society such as religious beliefs or social organization. So can the pattern of deposition of the burials, their orientation in their graves, even family grouping. Sometimes physical anthropologists can detect biological similarities between different skeletons that may reflect close family, or other, ties.Quarry sites are places where people mined prized raw materials such as obsidian (a volcanic glass used for fine knives and mirrors) or copper .Excavations at such sites yield roughed out blanks of stone, or metal ingots, as well as finished products ready for trading elsewhere. Such objects were bartered widely in prehistoric times.Art Sites such as the cave of Altamira in northern Spain, or Lascaux in southwesternFrance, are commonplace in some areas of the world, noticeably southern Africa and parts of North America. Many are cavesand rockshelters where prehistoric people painted or engraved game animals, scenes of daily life, or religious symbols. Some French art sites are at least fifteen thousand years old.Each of these site types represents a particular form of human activity, one that is represented in the archaeological record by specific artifact and surface indications found and recorded by the archaeologist.16.An archaeological site is defined as a place where __________.(A) some record of human activity is found(B) humans bury beloved animals(C) evidence of plant or animal life exists(D) particular rock formations suggest the patterns of history17. Generally speaking, archaeological sites are classified according to___________.(A) the people who lived there(B) the historical period during which they were occupied(C) the type of activity for which they were used(D) the degree of civilization of those who lived there18.The author mentions all of the following features of graves which may provide archaeologists with information about a particular society EXCEPT_______.(A) the location of the grave (B) the goods buried with the person(C) The degree of preservation of the body(D) The orientation of the body in the grave19. Quarry sites are places where ________________.(A) paintings showing scenes of daily life(B) engravings of famous people(C) paintings recording the location of burial sites(D) tools and primitive devices used for engraving20. According to the passage, art sites often contain .(A) paintings showing scenes of daily life(B) engravings of famous people(C) paintings recording the location of burial sites(D) tools and primitive devices used for engravingQuestions 21~25I got used, too, to my employer's violent changes of front. There was one morning when Siegfried came down to breakfast, rubbing a hand wearily over red- rimmed eyes.“Out at 2 a. m. ,” he groaned, buttering his toast listlessly, “And I don't like to have to say this, James, but it's all your fault.”“My fault?” I said, startled.“Yes lad, your fault. The farmer has a sick cow for several days and at 2 o'clock this morning he finally decided to call the vet. When I pointed out it could have waited a few hours more he said Mr. Herriot told him never to hesitate to ring—he'd come out any hour of the day or night.”。

北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷..................错误！未定义书签。

北京外国语大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷(复语班)...错误！未定义书签。

北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题. (1)北外2007年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (6)北外2006年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (11)北外2005年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (16)北外2004年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (21)北外2003年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (26)北外2002年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (30)北外2001年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (34)北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题Ⅰ.将下列段落译为汉语（25分）Outside Europe,the most important powers in 1939were undoubtedly Japan and the United States. Japan was at the time already deeply involved in hostilities with China.After seizing the northern provinces of that country in1931and organizing them into the puppet state of Manchukuo,Japan had tried to protect its rich loot and to expand its influence in China by a series of interventions, particularly in the rest of northern China.These steps had not surprisingly produced a rising tide of anti-Japanese sentiments in China,which in turn led the Japanese to embroil themselves even more deeply into Chinese affairs.When this tendency to interfere in China was combined with a degree of internal confusion and incoherence within the Japanese government that made the Chinese warlords of thetime look well organized,new trouble was almost certain to follow.(141words)Ⅱ.将下列短文译为汉语（50分）Inflation:China’s least wanted exportWhen inflation starts to kill people then it is a serious problem.Three people died and31were injured on Saturday in a stampede to buy cut-price cooking oil in the western Chinese city of Chongqing. China can no longer explain away inflation as a short-term result of floods and epidemics of animal disease?nor can it ignore the strains its macroeconomic policies are producing.Cooking oil is a special case?its price influenced by demand from China’s glut of new biofuel refineries?but the broader price of food has risen in recent months by more than15per cent compared with a year earlier.Floods and other acts of God have had their effect,as has the global rise in wheat prices,but there are structural forces at work as well.Nor is inflation confined to food any longer: producer prices are creeping up.The PPI for manufactured goods was up3.2per cent in October? many steel products rose by more than10per cent? and the PPI is likely to go even higher when the recent10per cent hike in the controlled pump price of diesel feeds through.Given the likelihood thatmore state-controlled prices will have to rise,and given that the official inflation data do not properly capture important prices,such as the cost of education,the real situation may be even worse.That is a worry for the rest of the world,used to enjoying the“China price”,a seemingly open-ended deflationary pressure on the world economy.The surge in Chinese inflation since June has barely fed through into export prices yet?but it will.China’s currency has also been gently appreciating,but so far improvements in productivity have meant that Chinese manufacturers have not needed to raise export prices.If currency appreciation speeds up,that will change.The renminbi may have to rise faster because the tools that China is using to tackle inflation have not worked.Bank reserve requirements were hiked again over the weekend,to13.5per cent,but the strain on the banking sector’s profitability will start to tell.Interest rates have risen repeatedly,but with CPI inflation above6per cent,and benchmark lending rates only slightly higher,real interest rates are low.There must now be a low,but non-zero, probability that China opts for a one-off revaluation of the renminbi in order to ease its domestic monetary problems.That would be the right move. The adjustment would be easier both for China andfor the rest of the world if the renminbi had not been kept so low for so long.But the pain of unwinding global imbalances will only get worse the longer they are left.(451words)Ⅲ.将下列段落译为英语（25分）科学发展观是协调的发展观。

同声传译的考试题和答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 同声传译中，译员通常坐在哪个位置？A. 观众席B. 讲台旁C. 隔音室D. 舞台中央答案：C2. 同声传译的主要挑战之一是什么？A. 语言转换B. 信息过滤C. 快速反应D. 记忆保持答案：C3. 在同声传译中，译员需要具备哪些基本技能？A. 语言能力、专业知识、快速反应B. 语言能力、公共演讲、快速反应C. 语言能力、专业知识、公共演讲D. 专业知识、公共演讲、快速反应答案：A4. 同声传译中，译员通常需要处理哪些类型的信息？A. 事实信息和观点B. 事实信息和情感C. 观点和情感D. 事实信息、观点和情感答案：D5. 同声传译中，译员如何处理专业术语？A. 忽略不译B. 直接使用源语言C. 使用目标语言等效术语D. 创造新术语答案：C6. 同声传译中，译员如何保持信息的准确性？A. 依赖记忆B. 依赖笔记C. 依赖录音D. 依赖直觉答案：B7. 同声传译中，译员如何处理源语言中的文化元素？A. 直接翻译B. 省略不译C. 适应目标语言文化D. 创造新文化元素答案：C8. 同声传译中，译员如何管理时间？A. 依赖源语言演讲者B. 自行控制C. 使用计时器D. 依赖听众反馈答案：B9. 同声传译中，译员如何处理源语言中的幽默？A. 直接翻译B. 省略不译C. 适应目标语言文化D. 创造新幽默答案：C10. 同声传译中，译员如何提高自己的专业水平？A. 持续学习B. 实践经验C. 参加培训D. 所有以上答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 同声传译是一种________的口译形式，译员在源语言发言的同时，几乎同步地将发言内容翻译成目标语言。

答案：即时2. 同声传译中，译员需要具备________和________两种语言的高水平能力。

答案：源语言、目标语言3. 同声传译中，译员需要具备________知识，以便准确理解和翻译专业术语。

北外⾼翻同传专业翻译课考试资料--by李长栓2010年北京外国语⼤学⾼级翻译学院⼊学考试备⽤试卷参考译⽂（汉译英部分）李长栓三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）⽓候变化对中国农业⽣产、粮⾷安全、经济发展、⽣态保护、⽔资源利⽤、公共健康保障都将带来重⼤威胁。

积极应对⽓候变化是中国实现可持续发展的内在要求。

中国正处在全⾯建设⼩康社会的关键时期, 处于⼯业化、城镇化加快发展的重要阶段,发展经济和减缓⽓候变化任务⼗分繁重。

在⽬前的发展阶段,能源结构以煤为主,经济结构性⽭盾仍然突出,增长⽅式依然粗放,能源资源利⽤效率较低,能源需求还将继续增长,控制温室⽓体排放⾯临巨⼤压⼒和特殊困难。

（209字）译⽂：Climate change [1]will pose serious challenges to China's food production[2], economic development, ecological conservation, exploitation of water resources and public health, and must be effectively addressed for sustainable development. On the other hand[3],this is the crucial stage to achieving the country‘s target of a complete-xiaokangsociety[4], during which faster industrialisation and urbanisation is necessary. China is therefore faced with the double challenge of growth and mitigation[5]. In addition[6], dependence on coal as the main energy source, energy intensive growth and low energy efficiency will trigger greater energy demand, and emission control will become an even[7] greater challenge.[1]汉译英考试，考查的是学⽣的英⽂表达能⼒。

2002年E-C：The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When they refer to a person as a w inner, we do not mean one who makes some else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds auth entically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genien, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not decide their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rath er, they are themselves and so much do not use their energy putting on a performance, mainta ining pretence(伪装) and manipulating(操纵) others. They are aware that there is a differenc e between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between be ing knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.参考译文：胜者不会穷其毕生精力，去拘泥于某个他们所想象的为人之道;相反，他们会保持其真我本色，并且，作为这种追求真我的仁者，他们不会绞尽脑汁装腔作势，维持一种自命不凡的姿态，或去操纵他人。

2002年北京外国语大学高级翻译学院816英汉互译（同声传译）考研真题及详解一、将下列短文译成英语（35%）人有男女性别之分，而法律讲性别吗？我国宪法明文规定，妇女在政治、经济、文化、社会中和家庭各个方面享有与男子同等的权利。

既然男女同权、男女平权，法律应该是不讲性别的，这样才能达到男女平等，才算是真正公平。

但事实上，在法律保护妇女、社会尊重妇女、男女平等的今天，男女不平等的现象依然或多或少地存在着。

这是“男尊女卑”、女性依附男性的历史留下的“后遗症”。

所以，大家不得不面对这一个现实：在当代，尽管女性的地位已有了很大提高，但和男性相比，还是属于需要关照的弱势群体。

针对这一现象，我国现行法律对女性给予了特殊关照，有专门的《妇女权益保障法》，而在《婚姻法》、《继承法》等法律规定中也有专门的保护条款。

对于男性，则没有这样的专门保护。

从这个角度讲，法律也是讲“性别”的。

在立法中多一点女性视角，对于当代立法者更具有现实意义。

单不说现实生活中存在的男女不平等现象，就是立法者大多数是男性这个事实，便有可能使我们的法律在不知不觉中就已带上男性的印记，所以，立法者必须超出社会现有的习惯，将更多的视角投到妇女这个弱势群体上，在立法中，应多一点女性视角，对女性多一些关怀、多一些保护。

女性，是母亲，是女儿，是姐妹……在立法时多一点女性视角，并不意味着忽视男性的权益，而在于最大程度地实现男女在法律上的平等，从而实现男女在现实生活中的平等。

如果有一天，法律不再需要对女性特殊关照的性别视角，那么，男女之间，就真正地平等了。

【参考译文】People Can be Divided by Gender,but DoesLegislation Take Gender Difference into Consideration?China’s constitution stipulates in explicit terms that women shall enjoy equal rights with men in political,economic,cultural,social and family life.Since men and women enjoy the same and equal rights,legislation should not take gender difference into consideration.Only this can genuine equality between men and women be achieved.However,in fact,phenomena of inequality between men and women still more or less persists in the present society where legislation is made to protect women, women are supposed to be respected in society,and men and women are supposed to be equal.They are the“sequelae”of concepts like“male domination and female subordination”and women should depend on men,which have been passed down by history.Therefore,we have to face the reality:although women’s social status has been improved remarkably in modern society,they are still a disadvantaged group that demands more attention and care than men.In view of this phenomenon,the China’s existing legislation gives women special attention and care.There is the Law On Women’s Rights and Interests, which is specially made for women and there are articles aimed to protect women in Marriage Law and Inheritance Law.As for men,there is no such special protection.In this sense,legislation does take gender difference into consideration.To think more from women’s perspective in the process of lawmaking also hasits practical significance.The mere fact that most of the legislators are male is likely to leave male imprint on our legislation unwittingly,not to mention the inequality between men and women existing in real life.Therefore,legislators must go beyond the existing social practices and pay more attention to women,the disadvantaged group.In the process of lawmaking,more of women’s perspective should be taken into consideration and they should be cared about and protected.Women are our mothers,daughters and sisters…To pay more attention to women in the process of lawmaking does not mean to neglect men’s rights and interests,but rather to achieve equality between men and women to the uttermost extent in the legislation and to realize gender equality in real life.If one day legislation does not have to take gender difference into consideration that gives more attention and care to women,then men and women will be equal in its real sense.二、将下列单句译成英语（15%）1.革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。

1998年基础英语试卷Read the following passage:ARCHIBALD MACLEISH: Bicentennial of What?An address at the Bicentennial commemoration of the American Philosophical Society in PhiladelphiaIt is a common human practice to answer questions without truly asking them and the American bicentennial is merely the latest instance. Everyone knows what the Bicentennial celebrates: the 200th anniversary of the adoption, by the Continental Congress, of the Declaration of Independence. But no one asks what the Bicentennial is because no one asks what the Declaration was. The instrument of announcing American independence from Great Britain? Clearly that: but is that all it was? Is it only American independenc e from Great Britain we are celebrating on July 4, 1976——only the instrument which declared our independence? There have been other declarations of unilateral independence from Great Britain which no one is likely to remember for 200 years, much less to cel ebrate. “All men” ar e said in that document to be created equal and to have been endowed with certain unalienable rights. All governments are alleged to have been instituted among men to secure those rights ——to protect them. Are these, then, American rights? Doubtless——but only American? Is it the British Government which is declared to have violated them? Unquestionably——but the British Government alone? And the revolution against tyranny and arrogance which is here implied ——is it a revolution which American independence from the mediocre majesty of George III will win or is there something more intended? —— something for all mankind? ——for all the world?In the old days when college undergraduates still read history, any undergraduate could have told you that these are not rhetorical questions: that they were, from the beginning, two opinions about the Declaration and that they were held by (among others) the two great men who had most to do with its composition and its adoption by the Congress.John Adams, who supported the Declaration with all his formidable powers, inclined to the view that it was just what is called itself: a declaration of American independence. Thomas Jefferson, who wrote it, held the opposite opinion: it was a revolutionary p roclamation applicable to all mankind.“May it be the world”, he wrote to the citizens of Washington a few days before he died, “what I believe it will be: to some parts sooner, to others later, but finally to all, the signal of arousing men t o burst the chains…”And he went on in reverberating words: “The mass of mankind has not been born with saddles on their backs for a favored few, booted and spurred, ready to ride them by the grace of God.”Moreover, these two great and famous men were not the only Presidents of the Republic to choose between the alternatives: A third, as great as either, speaking in Philadelphia at the darkest moment in our history —— bearing indeed the whole weight of that history on his shoulders as he spoke —— turned to the Declaration for guidance for himself and for his country and made his choice between the meanings.Mr. Lincoln had been making his way slowly eastward in February 1861 from Springfield to Washington to take the oat h of office as President of a divided people on the verge of Civil War. He had reached Philadelphia on the 21st of February where he had been told of the conspiracy to murder him in Baltimore as he passed through that city. He had gone to Independence Hall before daylight on the 22nd. He had found a crowd waiting. He had spoken to them.He had often asked himself. Mr. Lincoln said, what great principle or idea it was which had held the Union so long together. “It was not,” he said, as though re plying directly to John Adams, “the mere matter of the separation from the mother country.”It was something more. “Something in the Declaration,” they heard him say. “Something giving liberty not alone to the people of this country but hope t o the world.” “It was that which gave promise that in due time the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men.”Anyone else, any modern President certainly, would have said, as most of them regularly do, that his hope for the count ry was fixed in huge expenditures for arms, in the possession of overwhelming power. Not Mr. Lincoln. Not Mr. Lincoln even at that desperate moment. His hope was fixed in a great affirmation of belief made almost a century before. It was fixed in the commi tment of the American people, at the beginning of their history as a people, to “ a great principle or idea”: the principle or idea of human liberty —— of human liberty not for themselves alone but for mankind.It was a daring gamble of Mr. Lin coln‟s ——but so too was Mr. Jefferson‟s Declaration ——so was the cause which Mr. Jefferson‟sDeclaration had defined. Could a nation be founded on the belief in liberty? Could belief in liberty preserve it? Two America n generations argued that issue but not ours —— not the generation of the celebrants of the 200th anniversary of that great event. We assume, I suppose, that Mr. Jefferson‟s policy was right for him and right for Mr. Lincoln, because it was successful. But whatever we think about Mr. Lincoln‟ view of the Declaration, whatever we believe about the Declaration in the past, in other men‟s lives, in other men‟s wars, we do not ask ourselves, as we celebrate its Bicentennial, what it is today, what it is to us.Our present President has never intimated by so much as a word that such a question might be relevant —— that it even exists. The Congress has not debated it. The state and Federal commissions charged with Bicentennial responsibility express no opinions. Only the generation of the young, so far as I am informed, has even mentioned it, and the present generation of the young has certain understanble prejudices, inherited from the disillusionments of recent years, which color their comments…Express your view that the nation brought into being by hat great document was, and had no choice but be, a revolutionary nation, and you will be reminded that, but for the accidental discovery of a piece of tape on a door latch, the President of the United States in the Bicentennial year would have been Richard Nixon. And so it will go until you are told at last that the American Revolution is a figure o f obsolescent speech; that the Declaration has become a museum exhibit in the National Archives; and that, as for the Bicentenn ial, it is a year-long commercial which ought to be turned off.Well, the indignation of the young is always admirable regardless of its verbal excesses —— far more admirable, certainly, than the indifference of the elders. But, unfortunately, it is the indifference of the elders we have to consider. And not only because it is a puzzling, a paradoxical, indifference but because it is as disturbing as it is paradoxical.Does our indifference to the explicitly revolutionary purpose of the Declaration －our silence about Mr. Jefferson‟s interpretation of that purpose —— mean that we no longer believe in that purpose —— no longer believe in human liberty? Hardly?...But if this is so, if we still believe in the cause of human liberty, why do we celebrate the anniversary of the document which defined it for us without a thought for the meaning of the definition, then or now? Why have we not heard from our representatives and our o fficials on his great theme?Is it because, although the Republic continues to believe in human liberty for itself, it no longer hopes for it in the world? Because it no longer thinks such a hope “realistic”?...So far, indeed, is Mr. Jefferson‟s revolution from being obsolete that it is now the only truly revolutionary force in the age we live in. And not despite the police states but because of them.In 1945, when e had driven the Nazis out of Europe and the Japanese out of the Pacific in the name of human freedom and human decency, we stood at the peak, not only of our power as a nation but of our greatness as a people. We were more nearly ourselves, our true selves as the inheritors of Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln, than we had ever been before. And yet within a few yea rs of that tremendous triumph, of the unexampled generosity of our nuclear offer to the world, of the magnificence of the marshall Plan, we were lost in the hysterical fears and ignoble deceits of Joe McCarthy and his followers and had adopted, as our foreign policy, the notion that if we “contained” the Russian initiative, we would some how or other be better off ourselves than if we pursued our historic pur pose as Jefferson conceived it.The result, as we now know, was disaster. And not only in Southeast Asia and Portugal and Africa but throughout the world, Containment put us in bed with every anti-Communist we could find including some of the most offensive despots then in business. It produced flagrantly subversive and shameful plots by American agencies against the duly elected governments of other countries. And it ended by persuading the new countries of the postwar world, the emerging nations, that he United States was to them and to their hopes what the Holy Alliance had been to us and ours 200 years before.I. Explain the following in your own words:1. All governments are alleged to have been instituted among men to secure those rights －to protect them.2. In the old days when college undergraduates still read history… (1) What is the implication of this statement? (2) How do you know?3. … who had most to do with its composition and its adoption by the Congress.4. May it be to the world, what I believe it will be: to some parts sooner, to o thers later, but finally to all, the signal of arousing men to burst the chains…5. The mass of mankind has not been born with saddles… by the grace of God.6. It was that which gave promise… from the shoulders of all men.7. It wasa daring gamble… which Mr. Jefferson‟s Declaration had defined. (1) What does “daring gamble” refer to? (2) What was the cause the Declaration had defined? 8. Our present president … that it even exists. 9. … you will be reminded… wo uld have been Richard Nixon. 10. … regardless of its verbal excesses 11. So far is Mr. Jefferson‟s revolution from being obsolete… but because of them. 12. And it ended by persuading… to us and ours 200 years before.II. What is the message the speaker wants to put across? III. Translate the following passage into English:“主人翁意识”，在我看来，也就是“所有者的意识”。