语用功能看英语语言中的歧义现象

分类号：LULIANG UNIVERSITY密级：毕业论文题目:从语用功能看英语语言中的歧义现象系别:外语系专业年级:英语2012级**:**学号:***********指导教师:郭焕平硕士2016年03月21日A Study on English Ambiguity from Pragmatic PerspectiveA Graduation Thesis Submitted byLiang HuiIn Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsForThe Degree of Bachelor of ArtsIn the Subject of English LinguisticsToDepartment of Foreign LanguagesOfLuliang UniversitySupervisor: Guo HuanpingMarch, 21, 2016原创性声明本人郑重声明：本人所呈交的毕业论文，是在指导老师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果。

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论文作者签名：日期：指导老师签名：日期：摘要我们处在一个信息大爆炸的时代，电子阅读和传统阅读充斥着我们的生活。

而英语是国际交流最广泛的一种语言手段，这就要求我们必须成为一个高素养的英语学习者，能够理解英语文章，从而与国际接轨。

歧义是语言中普遍存在的一种现象，英语语言中也存在歧义现象。

而且，英语歧义会阻碍我们接收以英语为载体的大量国际信息，因此了解英语歧义现象是势在必行的。

本文运用文献研究法、经验总结法、比较分析法，首先总结了语言层面的歧义。

其次着重研究了语用歧义的分类及涵义。

即在前人的研究基础上将歧义与语用功能结合起来，将歧义放在实际层面。

通过研究学习，得知语用歧义也可以发挥积极作用。

因此，全面掌握歧义的优缺点，可以提高我们的语言理解和语言运用能力，从而使我们具备快速浏览英文信息的能力。

关键词:英语；语用歧义；积极作用AbstractWe are living in an information era when electronic reading and traditional reading are filled with our life.And English is the most popular language means used in international communication,which requires that we should become high-quality English learners to be able to understand English articles and act on international convention.Ambiguity is a phenomenon generally existing in language and English also has ambiguity phenomenon.What's more,English ambiguity can make it difficult for us to receive a great deal of international information.Therefore,learning English ambiguity is imperative.This paper first summarizes linguistic ambiguity in English and then mainly studies the types and connotation of pragmatic ambiguity by using literature research method,experiential summary method and comparative analysis method.That is to say,on the basis of previous study,this paper combines ambiguity and pragmatics,which puts ambiguity on the actual application level.Through research learning,we know pragmatic ambiguity can also play a positive role.So mastering advantages and disadvantages of ambiguity roundly helps to improve our verbal comprehension and verbal skill so that we can have the ability to quickly browse information.Key Words:English; pragmatic ambiguity; positive roleContents1 Introduction (1)1.1Basic information (1)1.2 Methods and significance of the study (1)2. Linguistic ambiguity in English (2)2.1 Phonetic ambiguity (2)2.2Lexical ambiguity (3)2.3Grammatical ambiguity (3)2.4Semantic structure ambiguity (3)3.Pragmatic ambiguity and its significance (3)3.1Owerview of pragmatic ambiguity (4)3.2Types of pragmatic ambiguity (5)3.2.1Speech act ambiguity (5)3.2.2Discourse ambiguity (5)3.2.3Deixis ambiguity (6)3.2.4Implicature ambiguity (7)3.3Positive functions of pragmatic ambiguity (8)3.3.1Aesthetic effect (8)3.3.2Propaganda function (8)3.3.3Humor function (8)3.3.4Changing the subject to adjust the mood (8)3.3.5Inspiration imagination (8)4. Conclusion (8)Bibliography (10)Acknowledgements (11)1 IntroductionPragmatics emphasizes the proper expression and accurate understanding of discourse meaning in different contexts and seeks and establishes the fundamental principles and criteria which make the utterance meaning be expressed properly and understood accurately.By contrast,ambiguity means that a certain kind of language structure maintains more than one meanings.However,the previous study just involves phonetic ambiguity,lexical ambiguity, grammatical ambiguity and semantic structure ambiguity,which is static.Pragmatic ambiguity puts the ambiguity study on the dynamic level,which improves our comprehension abilities of language using in actual life.1.1Basic informationAmbiguity, as a phenomenon generally existing in language, illustrates the special relationship between the structure of language form and its inherent meaning.If one structure of language form has more than one meaning,this structure is ambiguous.English also has ambiguity phenomenon. Ambiguity study of western countries originated from speculative thought of ancient Greek philosophy .Then ambiguity is studied from its internal factors,such as phonetic ambiguity,lexical ambiguity,grammatical ambiguity and semantic structure ambiguity,which just lingers on the theoretical level and puts the emphasis on its negative influence.With the development of linguistics, the further study on ambiguity and the emergence and flourishing of pragmatics in the1960s,the ambiguity in the process of using language began to be studied.That is to say,pragmatic ambiguity study came into being,while pragmatic ambiguity study in our country appeared in the early 1980s and further developed in the late 1980s.And now it flourishes.Pragmatic ambiguity study underlines the ambiguity on the practical level,which is dynamic and stresses its functions from a positive perspective.1.2 Methods and significance of the studyThere are three main study methods in my thesis：literature research method, experiential summary method and comparative analysis method.On the basis of previous study,this paper not only summarizes the phonetic ambiguity,lexical ambiguity,grammatical ambiguity and semantic structure ambiguity,but also further studies, the theories of pragmatics,ambiguity, even pragmatic ambiguity and its functions.This paper combinesambiguityand pragmatics,which puts ambiguity on the actual application level to have a good knowledge of ambiguity phenomenon. It also emphasizes the positive influences of ambiguity in the process of use.Further study of pragmaticAmbiguity helps us to improve our verbal comprehension and verbal skill so that we can be high-quality English learners in future, because in this way,we can remove some language obstacles for English learners and improve theirabilities of language learning and using.2. Linguistic ambiguity in EnglishThe types of linguistic ambiguity include phonetic ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, grammatical ambiguity and semantic structure ambiguity.Linguistic ambiguity is on the language description level,which is ambiguity's internal factors. Linguistic ambiguity is the foundation of ambiguity study to a certain extent.2.1 Phonetic ambiguityPhonetic ambiguity means that listeners have multiple understanding of speakers' words as a result of homophone,homonym or liaison,schwa and stress in our spoken language.The examples are as follows:Eg1:A:When does the baker follow his trade?B:Whenever he kneads the dough.Knead means揉面need means需要dough means 生面，钱So sentence B has two meanings:面包师需要钱时就开始了生意;面包师揉面时就开始了生意.There are also such pairs as sow and sew,right and wright,meat and meet, dear and deer,flour and flower.Eg2:It's hard for listeners to distinguish "a nice man"And "an ice man"or"I scream" and "ice cream"or "a name"and "an aim" because of liaison.Eg3:That's all I know.a.That's’ all I know.那是我知道的一切，说明我就知道那些。