回报寄托,issue高频提纲,水仙奉上

ISSUE130 - "How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help bring about a better society."1. To begin with, as to the author's first claim, i agree with the author insofar as that how children are socialized are of great meaning to society, such as communication, cooperate, how to learn2. Nevertheless, how the children are socialized is just one of the key factors determine the destiny of the society, as there are many other factors influencing the society destiny, such one socialized well but do not have the other skills and ability.Mahatma Gandhi's contribution sprang primarily from the courage of his inner convictions, in spite of his proper socialization among genteel Indian society and, as a law student, among British society.Martin Luther King's contribution was primarily the result of his strong religious upbringing, which had more to do with parental influence that with socialization.An even more remarkable modern example was Theodore Roosevelt, whose social and physical development were both stunted by life-threatening physical infirmities during his children hood. In spite of his isolation, odd manner and aloofness throughout his early life, Roosevelt ascended to a social-activist presidency by means of his will to overcome physical infirmities, his voracious appetite for knowledge, and his raw intellect.3. Furthermore, though we haven't done very well how to raise children who can help bring about a better society; we have learned some knowledge and experience in raising children who can help bring about a better society.(The most recent quarter-century has seen an increasing sensitivity in our society toward ensuring public health by policing the food and drug industries and by protecting our natural environment. We're becoming more sensitive to, and respectful of, the rights of women, various ethics and racial groups, homosexuals, and mentally-and physically-challenged individuals.)TOPIC: ISSUE50 - "In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and university level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."1. It depends primarily on the specific academic area. In certain academic areas there is no profession to speak of outside academia. This is especially true in the humanities, professors of literature of philosophy. The statement fail to consider that in certain other academic areas a professor’s academic duties typically involve practical work of the sort that occurs outside academia, such as fine and performing art.2. Firstly, in my experience of student, faculties who are actively engaged in their fields come to class with fresh insights and a contagious excitement about the subject at hand. Moreover, they bring to their students practical; real-world examples of the principles and theories discussed in textbooks, thereby sparking interest, and even motivate students to pursue the field as a career.3. Furthermore, by keeping abreast with the changing demands of work as a professional, professors can help students who are serious about pursuing a career in that field to make more informed career decisions.TOPIC: ISSUE208 - "The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. Y ou can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people."1. Turning first to the way people look and dress, certain aspects of the outward appearance of a culture’s people do inform us of their ideas, attitudes, and values. In other respects, however, the way people look and dress is nota function of their attitudes and values but rather than their climatic and work environment.2. I turn to the way people act. The habits, rituals and lifestyles of a culture often do provide accurate signals about its value. In other respects, the way people behave can belie their attitudes and values.3. Finally, the statement overlooks a crucial distinction between free societies and oppressed ones.ISSUE153 - "Students should bring certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."1. not everything taught by teacher is right, especially in modern society, things change every time2. a certain skepticism is conductive to study more and cognition of knowledge3. not every one ,such as the primary student and kids in kindergarten, violence and some other illegal Example. In challenging the notion that the Earth was in a fixed position at the center of the universe, Copernicus paved the way for the corroborating observations of Galileo a century later and ultimately for Newton’s principles of gravity upon which all modern science is based.ISSUE 131- "The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society."Admittedly, the arts can reveal the otherwise hidden ideas and impulses of a society. Such as Lu Xun, his works reflects the hidden ideas and impulses of a society1.In most of the art works, one consistently sees a reflection of society’s ideas and urges. As to publicarchitectures, which were built to honor deities and to propel humans into the afterlife, such as pyramid in Egypt, rise upward toward the stars and heavens. Classical Chinese garden, shows harmonious development between the human being and nature. Dominate public architecture，such as skyscraper in accent years, reflects modern, more mundane concerns for industrial and technologies progress.2.except of the artwork, there are many other things reveal hidden ideas and impulses of a society, such as theblackmen’s laws and so onTOPIC: ISSUE48 - "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."1. there are a myriad of aignificant events in history were made by groups of people whose identifities have long been forgotten, such as Great Wall, the Pyramid.2. In political realm, Martin Luther King, chairmen Mao Zedong3. Furthermore, in academia realm, t he Galileo , BrunoTOPIC: ISSUE180 - "Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated."1. Ademittedly, morality laws that impinge upon freedom of choice about our personal lives-to control what we do with and to ourselves-simply do not work in democracy society.2. Furthermore, morality laws impinging on personal freedoms are not made anymore useful or effective by purpoting to serve the greater good of society, because on balance their costs far outweigh their benefits.3. Furthermore, in sharo contrast to personal behavior, the behavior of business can and must be controlled through legislation.TOPIC: ISSUE212 - "If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable."The speaker claims that if a goal is worthwhile, then any means taken to achieve this goal is justifiable. Although the assertion makes sense when we consider the underlying of this implication is that whatever the conditions, the natures of the endings deserve our effort wholehearted. But if we examine the broad meaning that this claim carries, we find this threshold statement suffer deficiencies from many aspects of consideration.First let define the worthiness of a goal. How worthwhile and valuable a goal is lies not only in the subjective meditation and evaluation of an individual, we must consider the interactive influence exerted by this goal on others. For example, a country mayconsider the goal of achieving economic success and well being of its citizens to be worthwhile, but if we know they exploit cheap labor forces in third-world country, utilize scarce natural resources that being exported from poor countries, or dump low-cost goods in these countries, our morals reveal us the dark side of the goal and make it less worthwhile than it seems to be to its home people. On a personal level, a person's food might be the others' poison, so did the goal. Consider the ambition of Napoleon, his ambitious goal is to conquer the whole European Continent, which considered by himself and many of his follows to be the most glorious plan they have ever made. But by resorting to wars, killings, and blood shedding, their sweet dream turn out to be the nightmare of people habituating in this continent. In a word, since no goal is set from a pure disinterested, impartial perspective, it is necessary to bear the interwoven relationship in mind before targeting at a certain goal.Even if a goal is worthwhile agreed by majority of people, we should consider cost-and-benefit side of things in an effort to obtaining a nonbiased, all-around point of view. Most people today agree that the exploration of outer space is a worthy goal considering the valuable research materials we would get from for our physics and medial experiment and weather forecast. What is more, due to the limit longevity of earth and the ever increasing of populations, we see high calls to find another habitat for our future generations. Even if all the advantages and benefits involved justify the worthiness of this goal, not all means taken would be considered as sensible and judicial. Since most pressing social problem such as AIDS prevention, poverty, environmental problems still in need of immediate attention and observation, we need to allocate most of our resources to tackle these problems. As a result, even if one way of achieving the breakthrough in out space exploration would be to devote all research staff and available resource to this project, we have to struggle a balance between the worthiness of a goal and the proper way to obtain this goal.The above statement is welcomed and readily embraced by the new trend of practicality since in a society where personal achievement is highly valued, we look more to ending than means. That is to say, people tend to neglect and forgive their own wrongdoings or others' wrongdoings in a sense that their goals are goodwill -intending and worthwhile. For one thing, for a personal, a society, or even a nation, even they consider things from a totally isolated or functional perspective, no matter how great achievement they obtain, they are selfish losers with nothing to be accomplished from the physiological point of view. In the second place, we observe too many cases where good intention result in total chaos derive not from the dirty tricks they construe but out of the improper means they take. Since the founding of People's Republic of China, under the leadership of Chairman Mao, China has undergone a reform in the area of economy, which is to implement planned economy. Mao's intention is good, and his goal is to realize communalisms in this new country to short its economic gap with the western country in the shortest as possible. But without considering the properness of this means from the economic and social point of view, he threw china into years of economic regression and stillness. Ideas went contrary to our wills and intentions occasionally and thus make the consideration and full analyzes of the means to obtaining goals even pressing.To sum up, I am against the speaker's assertion since he neglects one important aspect of how to evaluate goals. To devote to a worth goal is justifiable and the effort instilled in this process deserve our accolade since it is always this power that push the society forward. But by neglecting the means of how to obtain these goals, we put ourselves in an embarrassing place of functionalists and opportunists. As a result, it is highly resulted to look from different perspectives to figure our where the true value of a goal lies and how to achieve it.TOPIC: ISSUE212 - "Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future."In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasingly life complexity and psychological displacement, people become more concerning the problem about the sustainable development. But meanwhile there are still many persons who assert that the governments should focus more on solving immediate problems of today rather than solving the anticipated problems in the future. Personally in my point of view, immediate problem is rightly the problem of existence, while the anticipated problem is the problem of development. I partially agree with the speaker and there should a balance by which the government should maintain in order to coordinate its administrations.Admittedly, immediate problems are very important which the government should place them at the first. Immediate problems such as earthquake, tsunami as well as the terrorist attacks, all of these could cause big disordered and even threat people's lives. Forexample, on 2008 May 12th, WenChuan of Sichuan province, China, there is a terrible earthquake happened, rate 8.0. Immediately, Chinese government organized thousands of soldiers and volunteers entered the catastrophic area for rescue. During the first aid as long as several weeks, the disaster relief teams have alleviated numerous numbers of injured people and tried their best to diminish the consequence of this catastrophe. Obviously, this is very important of the government, and is the obligation, to solve the immediate problems well. To a large extent, quick actions can also help to avoid further adverse influence and the social disorder from disasters.Otherwise, if the government failed to solve the immediate problem well or just postpone it, then the result would be quite severe! Immediate problems are associated with peoples' benefits or even the existence. Definitely, it is the government's responsibility to maintain a stable and harmony society. In order to make this idea clearly, let's take a look at the following representative instance. In Africa, starvation is a big problem in many countries for years. Numerous numbers of people are unable to have food regularly, including many kids and elders. Every year, the dead rate in Africa caused by starvation is not successfully reduced by the government. Undoubtedly, the governments in Africa are responsible to this terrible immediate problem because, as they failed to solve the shortage of food year by year, so many people are dead. Therefore, it is very clear that, the result will be quite serious if the government doesn’t solve the immediate problems successfully. Apart from that, the resu lts probably would become much worse if the government failed to handle it at once.However, besides the immediate problems at hand, the governments are also required to consider the anticipated problems of their counties. In this era of peace, technologies are thrived to develop, as the lives of human beings become much better, the government should take the anticipated problems into account. Years ago, under the push of the giant profit of economy development, people, as well as the government, looking for any methods to raise money and develop their economy as fast as they possibly could. Meanwhile, they regardless many anticipated problems, such as the problem of environment and the construction of social awareness. However, along the development of our society, the ideology and insight of people have changed. As we often heard in this time, "sustainable development" is a representative idea that the government has concerned the anticipated problems of future much more! To sum up, this controversy describes the dilemma faced by many people in this era that, whether the government should solve the immediate problems or the anticipated problems in the future. However, according to the discussion above, although the dilemma still exists, it is not very hard for us to draw the conclusion that: immediate problems is the problem about existence, which require the government to solve immediately, while the anticipated problem is concerning the development for the future, which also need the government to pay attention. Only when the government finds a balance in solving the incidents between the immediate problems and anticipated problems can sustain a harmony and stable society.[Example, the Asian Finical Crisis happened in 1997. If any government of those victimized countries did not take any effective measures to cushion the undesirable and horrible consequence brought by this crisis, all the money in bank would be very likely to become mere waste paper over one night which had little value. Therefore, all citizens of the nation including those tycoons cannot even afford to buy a bottle of water. As a result, the residents' finical security were ruined. Besides, let us turn to the SARS crisis in China. It was the government's effective and systematic maneuverings that prevented this virus from evolving to a real disaster.]TOPIC: ISSUE70 - "In any profession-business, politics, education, government-those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership."1. Admittedly, when leaders have no fear of losing their power, they tend to abuse their power. such as Mao.2. Nevertheless, new leadership usually have greatly initiative and new ideas. such as the Zhang Ruimin in Haier.3. Furthermore, in certain realms such as business it might not be so necessary to limit the term of leadership. Such as GazesTOPIC: ISSUE88 - "Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics." Does technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics, as the speakers asserts? In a sense, I tend toagree that technologies do influence the most social customs and ethics. However, the speaker begs question by overstating the impacts of technology. In my point of view, technologies do influence most social customs, yet fail to determine the social customs and ethics.Admittedly, technologies tend to greatly influence people's way of life, thus partly influencing their way of thinking, which casts impacts on the social customs, but technologies can not determine social customs but only make changes on them. Technologies influence social customs in the whole world. Take the email for example, in ancient society, the letter have to take some days or even a month to reach the destination. However, thanks to the usage the internet, the email can reach the destination in just seconds. In modern society, so numerous people are using email to contact with people that we can see the The Global Position System (GPS) is another good example to analyze the point. Ancient people had to leave some stones or some other signal thing in the ways they go by to tab the roads. Yet, the GPS could tell us the accurate positions wherever we have been. Therefore, we can see that technologies do influence social customs in out society.Nevertheless, technologies can not determine the social customs and ethics. Social customs and ethics are handed from generation to generation determined mostly by the characteristic of the nation or the race. Take the Spring Festival in China for example. Spring Festival has been handed down for thousands of years from the old ancient China to now new People's Republic of China. When comes the Spring Festival, all of the Chinese people in the entire world would go back home as possible as they can to stay together with their families and celebrate the festival happily. They eat family reunion dinner on lunar New Year's Eve to welcome the new coming spring. The Dragon's Boat Day, which is the world cultural heritage and a national treasure of China and South Korean, is another good example to illustrate the opinion. In the Dragon Boat Day, the people would eat Zongzi, a traditional Chinese rice-pudding. They celebrate it to commemorate Qu Yuan, a great patriotic poet in China. All these examples are just appropriate proof to the point that the technologies can not determine the social customs and ethics.Furthermore, we can not let technologies to determine our ethics, although it is more and more difficult to stick to the ethics in confronting of the lure that brought into our life by development of technologies. Some ethics such as honesty, fairness, personal responsibility are passed on from one generation to the next. Let's take the Clone as an example; the ethics can not allow scientists to clone people, although technologies could clone one person just as the birth of clone sheep Dolly. Thus, in such circumstance, it is wrong for the speaker to draw his conclusions.In sum, on the one hand, it is evident that technologies influence the social customs and ethics; On the other hand, technologies can not determine the social ethics. Due to there is no fixed standard to judgment this issue, the only thing we can do is to promote the excellent ethics in our daily life.ISSUE144 - "It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value."*a person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.Is it the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value, as this author asserts? In replay to this question, we need to analyze the issue carefully and systematically. In a sense, I tend to agree that it is the artist who gives the society something of lasting value instead of the critic. However, the speaker begs question by overlooking the crucial of critic and unfairly give them a second priority. In my point of view, both the artist and the critic contribute to the lasting value of something in society.Admittedly, there is no denying the fact that the artist is the critical one who creates great artworks. No matter in the music realm, the painting realm or in the writing world, there are plenty of valuable artworks which got high praises in the entire world. It is just the hard efforts of the artists that ultimately make the people and critics have the chance to enjoy these great valuable artworks. To illustrate this point clearly, let us just take a well-known writer Goethe as example. Goethe is a great German writer, who lived in riches all his life, spent over 50 years on his two-part dramatic poem Faust which was considered as one of the greatest three epics. Another good example is Beethoven, who was considered as the greatest composer of his day. Beethoven, a German Composer, who began to lose his hearing in 1801 and he was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, forms a transition from classical to romantic composition in musician history. Without these artists' envelop, there wouldn't so numerous great artistic works in our world. Accordingly, we can say that the artist plays an essential part in the process of creatingthe artworks with lasting value.Nevertheless, the critics also contribute much to the development of the valuable things in the long river of artistic history. Critics can help us understand and interpret art; a critic who is familiar with a particular artist and his or her works might have certain insights about those works that the layperson would not. The views of the critics are just like the light in the sea which shed the light on the new young artists when they couldn't find the correct directions. Without the critics, there would be less valuable artistic works. Additionally, the critics disclose the values of the artworks and sometimes illustrate the hidden spirits and values of the masterpiece to the common people. A critic's evaluation of an art work serves as a filter, which can help us determine which art is worth our time and attention. Take the film critics in modern society for example, there are a myriad of films in present-days, we don't have so much time and energy to watch every one of them, then the critic's views would tell us which one may be our favorite ones. Thus, the critic is also pivotal in shaping of the valuable something in society.Furthermore, it is wise and justifiable to take both the artist and the critic into the consideration during the evaluate process of who play the vital role in forming of the something valuable in society. The critics gave their proper feedbacks to the artists, which could be of great help to the artists to revise the error and refine the works. The critics' views serves as indicators as the quality of the artworks. It helps the artists how to brush up the qualities of the artworks. The views of the critics are just like the light in the sea which shed the light on the new young artists when they couldn't find the correct directions. Thus, the artists and critics are supplement to each other. Both of the two made a great contribution to the something valuable in society.In sum, on the one hand, it is the artists who give a great contribution to the something valuable in society. On the other hand, the critics are the same crucial in shaping the something of lasting value. A balance between the artists and the critics is needed to evaluating the roles of the form of something of lasting value in our society. We can finally come to the conclusion that the artist and the critic should be both regarded as important figures who gives society something of lasting value. The artist is the subject who creates the works, and the critic is the one who provide meaningful guidance to the masses as well as the artist.TOPIC: ISSUE17 - "There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."Does every individual in a society have the responsibility to disobey and resist unjust laws, as the laws are distinguished to just and unjust laws, as the author asserts? In my point of view, it is extremely presumptuous to assert that we have the right to obey just laws and disobey the unjust laws. As a social member, we are incumbent to not violate any laws, at the same time; we might turn to appropriate means to repeal the unfavorable laws.To begin with, the line between just and unjust is difficult to draw, according to discrepant people's beliefs, interests, experiences. There is no exaggeration to say that just or unjust is a subjective matter somehow, hence, different people might hold sheer dissimilar viewpoints toward one case. Take the controversial issue "abortion" into account. Those who hold religious belief might have intensive contradiction with such laws flavored with the sanction of abortion, for the simple reason that lives has come into being from their religious perspective. Meanwhile, those people who deem merely infants possess lives have the justification to substantiate the right to abortion as a just law. As a result, people of different culture backgrounds have conflicts with each other due to the concept of "just" and "unjust". That is to say, we need not go further to bother the definition of just or unjust laws, for any single law can not so circumspect that it satisfies any member's interest and propensity.Nevertheless, in most occasions, whether a law is justified or not is definite with just ones more often than not fall into a line with interests of the majority, and hence every individual should faithfully abide by just laws. For example, highway codes in most countries require drivers to drive automobiles on the right side of the street, the goal of which is to ensure smooth transportation and to avoid unnecessary traffic accidents, and the disobey of them would inevitably result in chaos that threaten human lives. Similarly, various criminal laws, civil laws and administrative laws, on which every democratic society is based, are enacted for the security and order of the society. Without people's compliance, anarchy would rein supreme, not to mention insurance of basic human rights.Furthermore, as social members, we have no sound reason to violate the laws, even those unjust laws. As to unjust laws, we could not have the freedom to violate them. If so, we provide ourselves a reasonable assumption that we could violate any laws, for we could find a host of sound reason to substantiate any single laws. When confronting with unjust laws, resorting to rational and。

【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结〔新高考通用〕第26讲应用文写作之感谢信类〔精讲精练〕题型名目一览一、表达自己的感谢1.a deep sense of gratitude 深深的感谢之情2.thankful 感谢的employ/recruit 雇佣3.grateful 感谢的4.beholden adj.(因受恩惠而心存)感谢5.gratitude n.感谢；感谢organizational ability 组织力量6.appreciation n.感谢7.from the bottom of my heart 打心底地8.sincere 真诚的9.warmest thanks 由衷的感谢10.particularly grateful 特殊感谢11.profound appreciation 深深的感谢12..Thanks a million. 万分感谢二、对方的关心13.thoughtful adj.爱护的〔夸对方〕14.considerate adj.考虑周到的，爱护的15.timely adj.准时的16.dedication n.付出17.thanks for all your endeavors 感谢你的努力18.patient / patience 急躁的/急躁19.kind help 和善的关心20.encouragement 鼓舞21.instruction 指导22.hospitality 热忱好客23.generosity 慷慨24.慷慨的/豪无保存的关心generous/unreserved help25.支持和鼓舞(两个名词对称) support and encouragement26.具体而又有用的指导(两个形容词对称) detailed and practical guidance三、必备短语24.take the opportunity 利用这个时机25.return one’s kindness 回报某人的善意26.with one’s help/with the help of sb. 在某人的关心下27.express one’s gratitude/thanks for 表达某人的感谢28.recall those beautiful days 回忆那些美妙的日子29.thanks to/because of your encouragement 由于你的鼓舞30.be patient with sb./have much patience with sb. 对某人有急躁31.express/convey/extend sb’s sincerest gratitude to sb. for sth. 因某事对某人表达最真诚的感谢32.assist sb. with sth. 帮某人做某事33.offer sb. valuable/generous assistance 给某人供应有价值的/慷慨的关心34.show appreciation to sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人35.be grateful/thankful to sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人36.return one’s kindness 回报某人的善意37.as a reward 作为回报38.under the guidance of sb. 在某人的指导下39.thanks to/due to/because of your help多亏了你的关心40.selfless dedication/devotion/contribution 无私的奉献41.show my gratitude for your help 感谢你对我的关心42.owe many thanks to sb. 应多谢某人43.thanks to 多亏了44.accept my sincere thanks 接受我真诚的感谢45.change one’s attitude转变某人的态度46.share one’s happiness and sorrow同甘共苦47.keep sb pany 陪伴某人48.cheer up 振作起来，快乐起来49.be admitted to/into 被……录用50.be supposed to 应当51.regardless of 不管，不顾52.thanks a lot 多谢53.be proud of 以……而骄傲54.take action/measures 实行措施55.bring up 抚养，哺育56.Thank you from the bottom of my heart for ...从心坎里感谢你，由于……57.be a great fort to 对……来说是一个巨大抚慰四、可用句式：I am writing this letter to thank you for …我写信是为了感谢你，由于.....I am writing to express my sincere thanks for...我写信是为了真诚感谢你，由于.....I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt (adj. 诚心的) thanks to you for…我写信是为了诚心感谢你，由于.....Words have failed me when I want to express my gratitude.语言无法表达我的感谢I was overwhelmed with gratitude for your help.It was really kind of you... 你真是好……I sincerely appreciate… 我真诚地感谢……Without your help, I wouldn’t... 没有你的关心，我就不会……My true gratitude is beyond any words/description. 任何语言都无法表达我真挚的谢意。

041 –Nonmainstream areas play vital rile"Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits pla y a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science."一些非主流的领域，如占星、算命以及通灵和超自然在社会中扮演着至关重要的角色，它们满足了人们的那些主流科学满足不了的需要。

Disagree with concession1、Admittedly,解释主流思想无法解释的问题。

也是人类对未知事物的探索。

占星学的问题。

Prevalent for centu ries.2、心理安慰psychological solace in life。

人类自身命运的问题shift the burden of making difficult choices and decisions to some nebulous authority outside themsilves.3、Despite their merit in relieving some individuals from regret and fear for unknown future, many of the se non-mainstream areas are acutally harmful to the whole society. undue belief in some paranormal energ y may then develop into cult邪教组织:the 1978 Jonestown mass suicide and killings by followers of Ame rican cult leader Jim Jones that claimed 913 lives.4, 它们不是永远保持这样的地位，而是会被科学所否定，或上升为科学Neverhteless, we cannot rule out th e possibility that such non-mainstream areas may be justified one day when convincing evidence is fou nd. For example, some reasonable —yet unjustified—explanations have been brought forward that people r eported with psychic power—if they actually do—may be so because of special receptor in their brain that catches brain wave from others and interpret them as extrasensory perceptions. Another could-be exampl e is t he theory of psycho-analysis originated by the Austrian scholar Sigmund Frued,in which free assoc iation, dream interpretation, and analysis of resistance and transference are used to explore repressed or unconscious impulses, anxieties, and conflicts, has been doubted by mainstream scientists since the day it was brought up.094 –Courses outside the students’field & truth of education"Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student‟s field of study be cause acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated." 94．大学应该要求学生学习本专业以外的课程，因为让学生们了解不同学科的知识才是教育的真谛所在。

1.缓解压力stress relief：1. deal with stress by...（通过……来处理压力）2. find ways to relieve stress（找到减压的方法）3. focus on the present moment to reduce anxiety（专注于当下以减少焦虑）4. make time for relaxation activities（留出时间进行放松活动）5. practice mindfulness and meditation（练习正念和冥想）6. seek support from friends or family members（寻求朋友或家人的支持）7. prioritize selfcare and rest（优先考虑自我护理和休息）8. take breaks when needed to avoid burnout（需要时休息以避免精疲力尽）9. stay positive and maintain a healthy perspective（保持积极并维持健康的心态）10. learn say“no”to prevent overmitment（学会说“不”，以防止过度承诺）2.困境与勇气时adversity and courage：1. facing challenges 面对挑战2. overing obstacles 克服障碍3. standing strong in adversity 在逆境中坚强4. bravery in the face of fear 在恐惧面前的勇敢5. rising to the occasion 应时而上6. stepping out of fort zones 走出舒适区7. having the courage to act 有勇气去行动8. confronting difficulties headon 直面困难9. perseverance through hardship 通过艰难坚持不懈10. finding inner strength 寻找内在力量11. demonstrating resilience 展示韧性12. taking risks for a cause 为了一个目标冒险13. courage to make changes 做出改变的勇气14. facing the unknown 面对未知15. valor in the face of crisis 在危机中的英勇16. pushing past limits 突破极限17. giving one's all 全力以赴18. keeping an unwavering spirit 保持不屈不挠的精神19. triumph over trial 战胜考验20. lifting oneself up after failure 失败后重新振作3.健康和运动（health and sports）：1. encourage regular exercise to maintain good health (鼓励定期锻炼以保持健康)2. advocate a balanced diet for better nutrition (倡导均衡饮食以获得更好的营养)3. focus on mental and physical wellbeing (关注身心健康)4. promote healthy living through mindfulness and relaxation techniques (通过正念和放松技巧促进健康生活)5. emphasize the importance of rest and recovery after sports activities (强调运动后休息和恢复的重要性)6. support munitybased fitness programs (支持社区健身项目)7. encourage participation in team sports for social benefits (鼓励参加团队运动以获得社交好处)8. discuss the positive effects of outdoor activities on overall health (讨论户外活动对整体健康的积极影响) 4.志愿活动的目的和意义The purpose and significance of volunteering：1. make a positive impact 产生积极影响2. give back the munity 回馈社区3. foster a sense of munity 培养社区意识4. promote social cohesion 促进社会凝聚力5. address social issues 解决社会问题6. raise public awareness 提高公众意识7. contribute social welfare 为社会福利做贡献8. develop interpersonal skills 发展人际交往能力9. gain valuable experience 获得宝贵经验10. enhance personal growth 促进个人成长11. inspire others through volunteering 通过志愿服务激励他人12. create a supportive environment 创造一个支持性的环境13. lead by example 以身作则14. bridge gaps between munities 弥合社区间的鸿沟15. advocate for marginalized groups 为边缘群体发声16. cultivate a spirit of service 培养服务精神17. improve quality of life 提高生活质量18. build networks and friendships 建立网络和友谊19. learn about diverse cultures 了解多元文化20. engage in selfless behavior 从事无私的行为5.友谊friendship：1. true friendship 真正的友谊2. bond of friendship 友谊的纽带3. friendship matters 友谊很重要4. loyal and faithful 忠诚和忠实5. mutual respect 相互尊重6. supportive panionship 支持性的陪伴7. trustworthy friends 值得信赖的朋友8. shared experiences 共同的经历9. heartfelt conversation 心灵深处的对话10. emotional support 情感支持11. unconditional love 无条件的爱12. stand by each other 彼此支持13. laughter and joy 欢笑和快乐14. get through tough times 共度难关15. shoulder to cry on 可以依靠的肩膀16. honesty and openness 诚实和开放17. reliable and dependable 可靠和可信赖18. lifelong friends 终身的朋友19. inseparable panions 形影不离的伙伴20. crosscultural friendship 跨文化的友谊人物介绍personage introduction：1. 背景信息（Background Information）：be born in...（出生于...）grow up in...（在...长大）e from a family of...（来自一个...家庭）pursue education at...（在...求学）hold a degree in...（持有...学位）have a career as...（担任...职业）be recognized for...（因...被认可）make a name for oneself by...（通过...成名）2. 性格特征（Personality Traits）：be known for one's...（以...而闻名）possess an ... personality/character（具有...的性格/特质）be characterized by...（以...为特点）exhibit... qualities such as...（展现...等品质）have a reputation for being...（有...的名声）display a keen interest in...（对...表现出浓厚兴趣）embody the spirit of...（体现...的精神）demonstrate a strong sense of...（表现出强烈的...意识）3. 成就和成绩（Achievements and Acplishments）：excel in...（在...方面表现卓越）achieve recognition for...（因...获得认可）be awarded... for outstanding...（因杰出的...被授予...奖项）make significant contributions to...（对...做出重大贡献）set a record/benchmark in...（在...方面设立记录/标杆）reach new heights in...（在...方面达到新的高度）gain prominence in...（在...方面获得声望）attain fame through...（通过...获得名望）4. 外貌和举止（Appearance and Mannerisms）：have an impressive/inviting presence（有一种令人印象深刻/吸引人的风采）carry oneself with...（举止...）possess a charming/captivating smile（拥有一个迷人的/醉人的微笑）exhibit grace/elegance in one's movements（举止优雅/高贵）have a distinguishing feature such as...（有一个独特的特征，如...）dress with style/flair/sophistication（穿着时尚/有品味/讲究）5. 影响和作用（Influence and Impact）：inspire others through...（通过...激励他人）serve as a role model for...（成为...的榜样）influence the field of...（影响...领域）make a profound impact on...（对...产生深远的影响）spark change/innovation in...（在...引发变革/创新）leave a lasting legacy through...（通过...留下持久的遗产）shape the perspective of...（塑造...的观点）champion causes such as...（支持诸如...之类的事业）6. 引用和证明（Quotations and Testimonials）：be quoted as saying...（被引述说...）have been praised by... for...（被...赞扬...）receive accolades from... for...（从...获得赞誉，因为...）be described as... by...（被...描述为...）have one's work/achievements endorsed by...（工作/成就得到...的支持）6.弘扬中国传统文化的方式及意义The way and significance of carrying forward Chinese traditional culture：1. heritage language teaching 传统语言教学2. family cultural practices 家庭文化习俗3. munity festivals celebration 社区节日庆典4. museum and exhibition visits 博物馆和展览参观5. artistic performances and workshops 艺术表演和工作坊6. traditional craft demonstrations 传统手工艺展示7. digitalization of culture 文化数字化8. national history education 国家历史教育9. literature and storytelling sessions 文学和讲故事会10. folk art integration in schools 在学校融入民间艺术11. preservation of endangered dialects 保护濒危方言12. support for traditional artisans 支持传统手工艺人13. recognition of cultural holidays 认可文化假日14. cultural tourism development 文化旅游发展1. cultural identity reinforcement 加强文化认同感2. national heritage preservation 保护国家遗产3. cultural continuity assurance 确保文化连续性4. global cultural diversity 全球文化多样性5. ethical values transmission 传递伦理价值观6. historical roots understanding 理解历史根源7. munity cohesion strengthening 增强社区凝聚力8. intergenerational wisdom sharing 代际智慧分享9. cultural pride fostering 培养文化自豪感10. traditional skills maintenance 保持传统技艺11. intellectual wealth protection 保护智慧财富12. spiritual wellbeing enhancement 提升精神福祉13. societal harmony promotion 促进社会和谐14. timeless wisdom dissemination 传播永恒智慧15. aesthetic appreciation cultivation 培养审美欣赏能力16. personal character development 个人品格发展17. global influence expansion 扩大全球影响力18. cultural diplomacy through soft power 通过软实力进行文化外交19. economic growth through tourism 通过旅游业促进经济增长20. respect for ancient wisdom 尊重古代智慧7.文化和艺术Culture and Art：1.Expand one's horizons 拓宽视野2.Cultural diversity 文化多样性3.Artistic expression 艺术表现4.Universal language 通用语言（指艺术）5.Crosscultural munication 跨文化交流6.Understanding and respect 理解与尊重7.Global perspective 全球视角8.Creative thinking 创造性思维9.Broaden one's mind 开阔思路10.Enrich one's life experience 丰富生活体验11.Appreciate cultural heritage 欣赏文化遗产12.Gain insight into 深入了解13.Artistic inspiration 艺术灵感14.Cultural exchange 文化交流15.Enhance creativity 提升创造力16.Learn from different cultures 学习不同文化17.Develop empathy 培养同理心18.Traditional art forms 传统艺术形式19.Cultural significance 文化意义20.Artistic masterpieces 艺术杰作8.环境保护Environmental protection：1. environmental conservation 环境保护2. sustainable development 可持续发展3. green living 绿色生活4. renewable resources 可再生资源5. carbon footprint reduction 减少碳足迹6. pollution control 污染控制7. waste management 废物管理8. conservation of biodiversity 保护生物多样性9. climate change mitigation 减缓气候变化10. natural habitat protection 保护自然栖息地11. ecosystem preservation 生态系统保护12. water conservation 水资源保护13. energy efficiency 能源效率14. deforestation prevention 防止森林砍伐15. recycling and upcycling 回收和再利用16. environmental awareness raising 提高环境意识17. green technology adoption 采用绿色技术18. sustainable transportation 可持续交通19. chemicalfree products 无化学品产品20. munitybased environmental programs 社区基础的环境项目9.旅游经历travel experience：1. **关于旅行准备**:I embarked on a journey to... 我开始了一段前往……的旅程。

专题12提纲作文高分宝典之读后续写热点话题语料库1.话题词汇①share joys and sorrows同甘共苦②flesh and blood骨肉亲情③close friendship亲密的友谊④close friends密友⑤childhood friend发小⑥care for关爱⑦easy-going随和的，好相处的⑧be in harmony with...与……和谐相处⑨break up分手；解散；结束⑩make up和解，和好⑪get along/on with与……相处；进展⑫look down upon/on轻视，看不起⑬show respect for尊重⑭fit in with与……相适应／相融洽⑮be concerned about/for对……担心／关心⑯lean on mom's shoulder靠在妈妈的肩膀上⑰hand in hand手牵着手⑱with big blue eyes shining with tears蓝色的大眼睛里闪着泪光2.话题佳句①Not knowing what his son meant,the father just stood there,waiting for the boy’s explanation.爸爸不知道儿子是什么意思，只是站在那里，等待儿子的解释。

②Hearing the boy’s small but sincere request,the father couldn’t help shedding tears.听到男孩小小的但真诚的请求，父亲忍不住流下了眼泪。

③Pulling me to her,she held me in a long and silent hug.她把我拉到她身边，默默地拥抱了我很久。

④Wrinkles of confusion spread across her forehead as she unwrapped the gift from her best friend.当她打开她最好的朋友送给她的礼物时，困惑的皱纹布满了她的前额。

作文笔记整理Issue部分一、Issue写作特点以及写作要点（一）题干特点1.显逻辑命题：所见即所得（四）反证法With A ____.Without A, ______.四、Issue写作要注意的细节问题1. 往往一些绝对化的词汇是写作的切入点。

2. 注意逻辑联结词的使用，关联词的使用是否得当非常重要。

关联词能够从表面体现你的文章的逻辑性是否强，实际上也可以有效地欺骗改作文的那个计算机。

E-rator①先后次序：previously 先前的; anteriorly? 早期的; originally 起初的; simultaneously 与此同时;coinstantaneously ; eventually ; ultimately②因果关系：duo to ; hens ; owing to ; in respect that ; in virtue of ; on account of ; resultantly 于是，结果是;thereupon ; whereupon③转折关系：yet ; but yet 强转折; whereas ; howbeit 强转折; nevertheless ; instead ; notwithstanding 但是，然而; conversely 相反地④递进关系：additionally ; withal 进一步说; ulteviorty? ; detailedly? ; minutely ; specifically⑤类比关系：similarly ; approximatively? ; analogously ; likewise ; by the same token ; in like manner⑥强调关系：undoubtedly ; determinately ; undeniably ; demonstrably ; definitely ; assuredly ; authentically ;without reservations3. 语言上要注意的事情：1）承上启下（过渡）段与段之间/段落内部——用信号词（见教材）2）句式变换①长短句结合（两长一短）；②否定形式的否定句→肯定形式的否定句切换：… not …→miss, fail, lack, in short of, deny, refuse, reject③主动→被动（多用，体现客观性）3）词汇多样性8组宏观词汇：①认为、思考：Think —conceive ; acknowledge ; consider ; to one’s knowledge ; contemplate ; suppose ; assume ; maintain ;insist ; personally ; from the personal perspective ; in one’s eyes②重要的：important —influential ; crucial ; vital ; essential ; profound ; significant ; play a pushing role ; be of great significance③说明、表明：show —reflect ; reveal ; convey ; confirm 证实了; demonstrate 阐明; illustrate 阐明; justify 证明;indicate ; disclose ; signify ; throw light on/upon 说明、阐明; review 揭示了; imply ; exhibit 展示④引起、引发：arouse —ignite ; stimulate ; spur ; motivate ; give rise to ; render⑤困难、复杂：hard —intractable ; involved ; troublesome ; tough ; complicated ; complex ; stubborn ; sphinx-riddle⑥方法、提议：way —solution ; approach ; scheme ; proposal ; recipe ; recommendation ; remedy⑦普遍的、急迫的：popular —pervasive ; prevalent ; rampant ; pressing ; urgent ; bumming⑧分歧、一致性：(dis)agreement ; debate ; controversy ; dispute ; consensus ; coherence ; consistency其他：现象、命题：issue ; event 事件; occurrence incident 事件的发生热门、流行的：pervasive ; prevalent 普遍的; rampant (rampancy(n.)) 泛滥; urgent ; pressing 紧急的;burning迫切的争论、争议：controversy ; dispute n.争议; argument ; debate建议、方法：scheme ; solution ; recipe ; approach褒义词：effectual 有效的; valid ; efficacious 有效力的(>effectual) ; sound ; resultful 可行的，有效的否定词：fail ; miss ; deny ; refuse ; decline ; reject ; lack (of) ; in ignorance of 在对…无知的状态中半否定：seldom ; hardly ; rarely4）语法错误尽量少（十个以内小错误不会影响拿5分）5）标点（见教材）避免用“！”显得不理性6）语言与证据：用好“小宝老师写作工具箱”黄书p198五~十详见讲义；以下为笔记内容：句子表达变化性一、并列（一）并列大量名词：n1,n2,n3,…,and nn.——A,B,C,…and other Xs…由具体（小）到抽象（大）的并列原则。

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I'm in a bit of a bind here and could really use some assistance. I'm not sure how to approach this problem and I'm feeling a bit overwhelmed. Is there anyone out there who could lend me a hand? I would greatly appreciate it.Expressing Gratitude。

公文四级词汇考点归纳总结公文写作是我们日常工作中必不可少的一项任务。

而要写好公文，必须掌握一定的专业词汇。

为此，本文将对公文的四级词汇考点进行归纳总结，旨在帮助读者提高公文写作的能力。

一、起承转合类词汇1. 开头：令、针对、兹、为了、批准、通告、关于、鉴于、特此、经过、鉴、立、重申、严重、执法、特定、特殊。

2. 衔接：同时、再者、然而、其次、再次、或者、此外、比如、但是、总之、一则、其实、而是、或许、因此、可见、毫无疑问、无一例外、越来越、首先、比如说、其常见表达等。

3. 结尾：请、革新、赞扬、附件、公布、衷心、致以、信4. 调子过渡词：再者、而且、并且、何况、但是、然而、然后、正因如此、这就是说、由此可见、也正是因为、如今。

二、署名和称谓1. 署名：签名、签字、落款、确认、确认接受、已谨记、抹去、批示、一并、致上、本文中用词。

2. 称谓：致、称、拜、任和、旧、各位、尊敬的、敬畏、谦逊、谨慎、敬、为宜、承蒙关照、欣赏、敬上。

三、文件分类类词汇1. 公文：急件、公函、急件、函电、电、来文、制度、安排、公文、批文、信函、访问、宣传、告。

2. 通知类：通告、公告、通报、告示、下文、告。

这些词语都可以用来引出具体内容。

3. 请示类：请、感谢、请求、建议、委托、欢迎、邀请、承接、希望、要求、准备、批准、同意、核准、调拨、下达、授予、告诫、责令、下发、充实、耐心。

4. 纪要类：纪要、记录、摘要、提纲、总结、评述、评价、考核、慰问。

四、具体事务类词汇1. 事务：接待、洽谈、举办、申请、备忘、签约、酝酿。

2. 会议类：会议、召开、主持、参加、讨论、会见、座谈、研究、沟通、交流、演示、批示、审议、决策、安排。

3. 监管类：督促、核查、审批、检查、调查、督办、跟进、监控、部署、推动、监督、加强、整改。

4. 公告类：展览、培训、发行、试运行、交付、验收、试验、讲座、公款、廉政、党风、公款私用、财政。

5. 请示类：请示、请示报告、请示函、会议请示、请示信、请示报、请示电报。

1======================Issue 51======================【题目】”Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student.‖【翻译】只有针对每个学生的需要和兴趣，教育才真正的有意义。

【题纲】Position: There is no doubt that education should pay more attention on the needs and interests of students, but it is possible for education to satisfy every student.1、从教育的目的上讨论，兴趣对教育的重要性；对个人，爱因斯坦有句至理名言：―兴趣是最好的老师‖；对社会，教育的目的就是为社会培养各种人才，如果不注重学生兴趣，那么他们到社会不可能尽其所能。

有时候可能埋没人才。

比如一味的强调分数，那么对发明有兴趣的学生可能会失去动力，eg.哥白尼以前学医，爱因斯坦小时候学习并不好（这个例子是以前看到别人用的，我没有想到很好的例子）2、学校必须努力发现并培养学生的兴趣。

因为有些学生没有意识到自己的兴趣，因此学校要在这方面作引导。

例如学校可以通过开设对终选修课，增加各类奖学金等方法来鼓励学生培养自己的兴趣；3、但是，鼓励兴趣的培养不等于学校必须根据每个学生的兴趣来进行教育，这既无意义也不现实；一方面老师是有限的，而学生的兴趣是各种各样的。

另一方面，学生没有足够的判断力来决定自己该学什么，比如数学，有些学生不喜欢学，但是能够去掉吗？过分强调学生兴趣势必会造成教学的紊乱，而且学生的兴趣不同阶段可能发生改变；4、总结2=================Issue 144=================【题目】"It is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value."【翻译】是艺术家而不是批评家，给了社会一些永久的价值。

作文感激的写作提纲英文回答：Gratitude is a powerful emotion that can have a profound impact on our lives. It allows us to appreciate the good things we have and the kindness of others, and it can also improve our mental and physical well-being. Personally, I have experienced the benefits of gratitude in my own life, and I am truly grateful for the positive influence it has had on me.Firstly, expressing gratitude helps to shift our focus from what is lacking in our lives to what we already have. It is easy to get caught up in the negative aspects of life and constantly strive for more, but gratitude reminds us to appreciate the present moment and the blessings we have. For example, instead of constantly wanting a bigger house or a nicer car, I am grateful for the roof over my head and the reliable transportation I have.Furthermore, gratitude strengthens our relationshipswith others. When we express gratitude towards someone, it not only makes them feel appreciated and valued, but italso deepens our connection with them. For instance, when a friend helps me out in a time of need, I make sure to express my gratitude by saying thank you and letting them know how much their support means to me. This simple act of gratitude strengthens our bond and encourages them to continue supporting me in the future.In addition, gratitude has been shown to have numerous health benefits. Research has found that practicinggratitude can improve sleep, reduce stress, and boostoverall well-being. For example, a study conducted by psychologists at the University of California found that participants who wrote gratitude letters experienced better sleep quality and reported feeling more refreshed in the morning. This shows that gratitude not only has a positive impact on our mental health but also on our physical health.中文回答：感激是一种强大的情感，可以对我们的生活产生深远的影响。