Determination of Penetration Depth of Transverse Spin Current in Ferromagnetic Metals by Sp

d c electrode 直粮条d.l.sintering machine dl型带式烧结机dabber 捣锤dairy bronze 贮乳凄铜daltonides 道耳顿式化合物dam plate 出铁口隔渣板damascening 大马士革钢生产法damascus steel 大马士革钢damaskeening 大马士革钢生产法damp 湿气damper 闸板damping 衰减damping capacity 衰减能力damping coefficient 衰减系数damping down 休风damping factor 衰减系数dampness 湿度danaite 钴毒砂danburite 赛黄晶dancer roll 张力第辊dark field 暗视场dark glowing 暗红炽热dark gray pig iron 暗灰色生铁dark red heat 暗红热温度data 资料data handling 数据处理data logging 数据记录data processing 数据处理data processing equipment 数据处理机daubing 炉底打结dc arc welder 直羚焊机deacidification 除酸deactivation 钝化dead annealing 完全退火dead banking 长期封炉dead burning 死烧dead burnt limestone 死烧石灰石dead man 死铁dead melted steel 镇静钢dead metal region 死金属区dead pass 空轧孔型dead roasting 死烧dead soft steel 特软钢dead steam 排汽dead time 空载时间deaerated solution 去气溶液dealuminizing 脱铝debye scherrer method 粉末法decalescence 等温吸热decalescence point 吸热点decantation 倾析decanted solution 倾析溶液decanter 倾析器decarburization 脱碳decarburization depth 脱碳厚度decarburizer 脱碳剂decarburizing annealing 脱碳退火decarburizing medium 脱碳介质decay 衰变decoiler 开卷机decoiling 开卷decomposition 分解decomposition heat 分解热decomposition product 分解产物decomposition reaction 分解反应decomposition voltage 分解电压decontamination 净化decoppering 脱铜decopperized lead 除铜铅decorative alloy 装饰合金decorative coat 装饰涂覆deep drawability 深拉性deep drawing 深拉deep drawing sheet 深冲薄板deep drawing steel 深冲钢deep etch test 深腐蚀试验deep etching 深浸蚀deep penetration electrode 深熔焊条defect 缺陷defective casting 有缺陷铸件defectoscope 探伤仪deferrization 除铁deflection 挠曲deflector 导向挡板deflector roll 转向辊deflocculator 反絮凝剂defoaming 去沫deformability 可变形性deformation 变形deformation bands 变形带deformation mechanism 变形机理deformation resistance 变形阻力deformation stress 变形应力deformation temperature 变形温度deformation texture 变形织构deformation twin 变形双晶deformation zone 变形区deformed steel 异型钢degasification 脱气degasifying alloy 脱气用合金degasser 脱气器degassing 脱气degassing unit 脱气器degenerate perlite 退化珠光体degreaser 脱脂液degreasing 脱脂degreasing agent 去脂剂degreasing bath 脱脂槽degreasing fluid 脱脂液degreasing plant 脱脂装置degreasing tank 脱脂槽degree of cold work 冷加工程度degree of deformation 变形度degree of dispersion 分散度degree of dissociation 离解度degree of freedom 自由度degree of hardness 硬度degree of ionization 电离度degree of order 有序度degree of oxidation 氧化度degree of purity 纯度degree of saturation 饱和度degree of silication 硅酸度dehumidifier 脱湿器dehumidifying 脱湿dehydrating agent 脱水剂dehydration 脱水dehydrogenation 去氢delayed crack 延迟破裂delayed failure 滞后破坏delayed fracture 滞后破坏delayed yield 延迟屈服delessite 铁叶绿泥石deliquescence 潮解delivery guide 出口导板delivery side 出料侧delivery speed 出口速度delta connection 三角形接线delta ferrite 铁素体delta iron 铁delta solid solution 固溶体demagnetization 退磁demagnetization curve 去磁曲线demanganizing 脱锰demodifier 去变形剂dendrite 枝晶dendritic crystal 枝晶dendritic markings 师状痕迹dendritic powder 师状粉dendritic structure 枝晶组织dendritic zone 师状结晶区denickelification 脱镍denitriding 脱氮denitrification 脱氮dense charge 致密装料dense liquid 重液dense media separation 重介质选矿dense poling 致密插使原法dense sintering 致密烧结dense slag 致密熔渣densener 内冷铁densification 致密化densitometer 浓度计density 密度density as pressed 压粉密度density bottle 比重瓶dental alloys 牙科用合金deoxidant 脱氧剂deoxidation 脱氧deoxidized copper 脱氧铜deoxidized steel 脱氧钢deoxidizer 脱氧剂deoxidizing addition 脱氧添加物deoxidizing agent 脱氧剂deoxidizing capacity 脱氧能力dephlegmation 分凝dephlegmator 分凝器dephosphorization 脱磷dephosphorizing capacity 脱磷能力depiler 分料机depletion 贫化depolarization 去极化depolarizer 去极剂deposit 沉淀物;矿床deposit leaching 矿床浸出deposit welding 堆焊deposited metal 沉积金属deposited metal test specimen 熔敷金属试样depositing tank 沉积槽deposition 沉积deposition potential 析出电位deposition rate 熔敷速度depressant 抑制剂depressor 抑制剂depth of carburizing 渗碳深度depth of chill 冷硬深度depth of decarburized zone 脱碳深度depth of fill 充填深度depth of fusion 熔透深度depth of groove 孔型深度depth of hardening 淬火深度depth of hearth 炉床深度depth of immersion 插入深度depth of indentation 压痕深度depth of nitration 渗氮深度depth of penetration 熔透深度desanding 去砂descaler 除鳞机descaling 除氧化皮descaling jet 除鳞喷嘴descent velocity of burden 炉料下降速度descloizite 钒铅锌矿deseamer 焊瘤除器deseaming 表面缺陷清理desiccant 干燥剂desiccating agent 干燥剂desiccation 干燥desiccative 干燥剂desiccator 保干器designation of steel 钢的名称desiliconization 脱硅desiliconizing 脱硅desilter 沉淀池desilverization 脱银desilverizing 脱银deslagging 除渣deslimer 脱泥机desliming 脱泥desorption 解吸destruction 破坏destruction test 破坏试验destructive test 破坏试验desulfurization 脱硫desulfurization degree 脱硫率desulfurization rate 脱硫速度desulfurizer 脱硫剂desulfurizing 脱硫desulfurizing agent 脱硫剂desulfurizing process 脱硫过程desurfacing 除表面层detachable bottom 可换炉底detection 检定detector 探测器detergency 去垢能力detergent 洗净剂determination 测定detinning 脱锡detrimental impurity 有害杂质devanadation 脱钒酸盐处理deviation 偏差device 装置devil 加热焊料用轻便炉devitrification 透名失dew point 露点dewar flask 杜瓦瓶dewatering 脱水dewaxing 脱蜡dezincification 脱锌dezincing 脱锌dh process 真空提吸脱气法diabantite 辉绿泥石diagonal pass 对角孔型diagonal roll 斜辊diagram 线图dialysis 透析diamagnetic material 反磁材料diamagnetic substance 反磁材料diamagnetic susceptibility 抗磁磁化率diamagnetism 抗磁性diamond 金刚石;菱形孔型diamond die 金刚石拉丝模diamond pass 菱形孔型diamond pyramid hardness 维氏硬度diamond tool 金刚石工具diamond wheel 金刚石砂轮diaphragm 隔膜diaphragm electrolyzer 隔膜电解槽diaspore 水铝石dibasic acid 二碱价酸dichroism 二色性dichromate treatment 重铬酸盐处理dichromic acid 重铬酸die 模die back 模孔出口角die backer 模垫die bell 拉模入口锥die block 模块die body 模体die bolster 模座die box 拉模盒die breakthrough 模裂die carriage 模座die casting 金属型铸造;压铸造die coating 金属型涂料die entrance 拉模入口锥die entrance angle 模孔入口锥die exit angle 模孔出口角die forging 模锻die holder 模座die hole 拉模孔die insert 模衬die line 分模线die liner 模衬die lines 压模划痕die lubricant 压模润滑剂die mold 压铸模die orifice 拉模孔die plate 拉模板;阴模固定板die profile 拉模孔形状die quenching 模压淬火die reduction angle 拉模孔圆锥角die relief angle 模孔出口角die rolled section 周期断面型材die rolling 周期断面型材轧制die rolling mill 周期断面型材轧机die scratch 压模划痕die semiangle 拉模半圆锥角die set 成套模具;压型模;拉伸撂;下模定位环die shift 模具位移die slide 模座die steel 模具钢die volume 压模容积die wear 拉模磨损die welding 模锻焊dielectric 电介质材料dielectric constant 介电常数dielectric drier 高频烘干炉dielectric substance 电介质材料diescher elongator 狄舍尔轧管机diescher mill 狄舍尔轧管机diescher piercer 狄舍尔穿孔机differential dilatometer 差示热膨胀计differential flotation 优先浮选differential heating 差示加热differential manometer 差示压力计differential quenching 局部淬火differential thermal analysis 差示热分析differential thermometer 差示温度计diffraction 衍射diffraction figure 绕射图diffraction grating 衍射光栅diffraction pattern 绕射图diffraction spot 衍射斑点diffusibility 扩散能力diffusion 扩散diffusion alloying 扩散合金化diffusion annealing 扩散退火diffusion coating 扩散镀层diffusion coefficient 扩散系数diffusion couple 扩散对diffusion creep 扩散蠕变diffusion current 扩散电流diffusion equation 扩散方程式diffusion flow 扩散流diffusion front 扩散阵面diffusion layer 扩散层diffusion length 扩散长度diffusion overvoltage 扩散超电压diffusion porosity 扩散气孔diffusion potential 扩散电势diffusion pump 扩散泵diffusion saturation 扩散饱和diffusion transformation 扩散转变diffusion welding 扩散焊接diffusion zone 扩散区diffusionless transformation 非扩散转变diffusive deoxidation 扩散脱氧diffusivity 扩散系数digital control 数字控制dilatation 膨胀dilatometer 膨胀计dilatometry 膨胀测量法diluent 稀释剂dilute acid 稀酸dilute solution 稀溶液diluted solid solution 稀薄固溶体dilution 稀释dilution heat 稀释热dilution law 稀释定律dimension 因次dimensional accuracy 尺寸精度dimensional change 尺寸变化dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性dimorphism 同质二形dimpling 表面缺陷清理dioptase 透视石dioxide 二氧化物dip aluminum plating 热浸镀铝dip brazing 浸渍钎焊dip coated electrode 浸沾药皮焊条dip coating 浸镀dip galvanizing 热浸镀锌dip plating 浸入电镀dip process 浸镀法dipole moment 偶极矩dipped electrode 浸液电极dipping bath 浸浴direct annealing 直接退火direct arc furnace 直接加热电弧炉direct chlorination 直接氯化direct current arc furnace 直羚弧炉direct current arc welding machine 直羚焊机direct current electric furnace 直羚炉direct current electrode 直粮条direct extrusion 正挤压direct fired furnace 直接加热炉direct gate 顶浇口direct hardening 直接淬火direct heat treatment 直接热处理direct heating 直接加热direct iron process 直接炼铁法direct patenting 直接铅浴处理direct quenching 直接淬火direct reduction 直接还原direct reduction pellets 直接还原用球团矿direct reduction unit 直接还原装置direct sintering 直接烧结direct smelting 直接熔炼direct steam 直接蒸汽direct stress 法向应力direct welding 双面点焊directed solidification 定向性凝固direction of easy magnetization 易磁化方向direction of rope lay 钢丝绳的捻向direction of strand lay 股线捻向direction of welding 焊接方向directional crystallization 定向结晶化directional property 定向性directional solidification 定向性凝固dirt 泥渣disappearing filament pyrometer 隐丝式光学高温计discard 切头discard solution 废液discharge 出料;放电discharge pipe 排出管discharge potential 放电电位discharging 出料discharging roller table 卸料辊道discontinuity 不连续性discontinuous precipitation 不连续沉淀discontinuous sintering 间歇烧结discontinuous spectrum 不连续光谱discontinuous welding 断续焊discontinuous yielding 不连续屈服disintegrated powder 碎粉disintegration 衰变disintegrator 碎解机disk anode 圆盘阳极disk crusher 盘式破碎机disk feeder 圆盘给料器disk filter 圆盘过滤机disk granulator 圆盘式造球机disk mill 盘磨机disk screen 圆盘筛disk shaped roll 盘形辊dislocation 位错dislocation climb 位错攀位dislocation core 位错芯dislocation density 位错密度dislocation dipole 位错偶极子dislocation forest 位错林dislocation jog 位错割阶dislocation line 位错线dislocation locking 位错锁定dislocation loop 位错环dislocation network 位错网dislocation node 位错节点dislocation pipe diffusion 位错管扩散dislocation ring 位错环dislocation source 位错源dislocation structure 位错组织dislocation tangling 位错缠结dislocation theory 位错理论dislocation tree 林位错dislocation wall 位错墙dislocations strengthening 位错强化disorder 无序disordered lattice 无序晶格disordered solid solution 无序固溶体disordering 无序化disordering temperature 无序化温度disorientation 错取向disperse phase 分散相dispersion 分散dispersion agent 分散剂dispersion hardened alloy 弥散硬化合金dispersion hardening 弥散硬化dispersion particle 分散粒子dispersion strengthened alloy 弥散硬化合金dispersion strengthened material 弥散强化材料dispersity 分散度dispersoid 分散质displaced atom 移位原子displacement 移动displacement cascade 位移级联displacement law 位移法则displacement reaction 置换反应displacement spike 位移尖锋disruptive strength 破坏强度dissipation 散逸dissipation of energy 能的散逸dissociation 离解dissociation constant 离解常数dissociation energy 离解能dissociation equilibrium 离解平衡dissociation of dislocation 位错的分解dissociation pressure 离解压力dissociation temperature 离解温度dissociation tension 离解压dissolubility 可溶性dissolution 溶解dissolvability 可溶性dissolved nitrogen 溶解氮dissolved oxygen 溶解氧dissolvent 溶媒dissolving 溶解distance control 遥控disthene 蓝晶石distillate 馏分distillating still 蒸馏釜distillation 蒸馏distillation apparatus 蒸馏装置distillation column 蒸馏塔distillation flask 蒸馏瓶distillation method 蒸馏法distillation purification 蒸馏净化distillation residue 蒸馏残渣distillation tower 蒸馏塔distillatory refining 蒸馏精炼distilled water 蒸馏水distiller 蒸馏器distilling 蒸馏distilling apparatus 蒸馏装置distilling furnace 蒸馏炉distortion 扭曲distributing bell 布料钟distribution 分布distribution coefficient 分配系数distribution curve 分配曲线distribution law 分配定律distributor 分配器dithionate 连二硫酸盐dithionic acid 连二硫酸divacancy 双空位divariant system 二变系divergence 发散dividing cross 取样十字架dividing shears 切分剪division 刻度;划分divorced cementite 离异渗碳体divorced eutectic 离异共晶divorced perlite 球状珠光体dobschauite 辉砷镍矿dolerophane 褐铜矿dolerophanite 褐铜矿dolly 小车;芯棒dolomite 白云石dolomite magnesite refractory 白云石镁质耐火材料dolomite refractory 白云石质耐火材料dolomitic lime 白云石石灰dolomitic limestone 白云石灰岩dolomitic pellets 白云石球团dolomitic sinter 白云石烧结物domain 畴domain wall 布洛赫壁domestic scrap 返回废钢domeykite 砷铜矿door extractor 开门机door lifter 开门机door machine 开门机dore silver 多雷含金粗银dorr classifier 道尔型分级机dorr thickener 道尔浓缩机dosing 配料dosing bin 计量料包dot welding 填补焊double action press 双动压力机double angle iron 槽钢double annealing 双重退火double bell top 双料钟炉顶double bevel groove k 形坡口double bond 双键double carbide 复合碳化物double cascade quenching 二梯零火double chain drawbench 双链式拉拔机double coated electrode 双层药皮焊条double cone mixer 双锥混合机double contraction 双重收缩double decomposition 复分解double double iron 八叠板double duo mill 复二重式轧机double electric layer 双电层double equilibrium diagram 复平衡状态图double fillet weld 双填角焊缝double filter 双滤器double furnace bumper 炉用双联式缓冲器double hook 双吊钩double layer compact 双层压坯double quench hardening 二重淬火double quenching 二重淬火double refining 二重精炼double remelting 双联重熔double skin 重皮double slag process 双渣法double strand drawing 双线拉拔double strand drawing mill 双线拉伸机double strand mill 双线轧机double t iron 工字铁double tempering 二重回火double two high rolling mill 复二重式轧机double u groove 双 u 形对接坡口double v butt joint 双面 v 形对焊接头double v groove x 形坡口double wall tube 双层管doubler 折叠机doubling 折叠doubling machine 折叠机dovetail 燕尾dowel pin 定位销dowel plate 定位销板downcoiler 地下卷取机downcomer 降气管downcut shears 上切式剪切机downgate 直浇口downhand position 平焊位置downhand welding 平焊downhill casting 上铸downsprue 直浇口downtake 升降道dowson gas 道生半水爆气dozzle 保温帽draft 通风;壁斜度;压下率draft furnace 通风炉drafting schedule 压下规程drag 移送机drag over mill 二辊不可逆式轧机draw 拔模斜度;脱模draw block 拉丝卷筒draw carriage 拉拔机小车draw furnace 回火炉drawability 可拉拔性drawback 回火drawbench 拉伸机drawer 拉拔工drawhole 拉模孔drawing 回火drawing angle 拉模孔圆锥角drawing die 拉模;深冲模drawing down 延伸;缩径drawing drum 拉丝卷筒drawing force 拉拔力drawing mill 拉伸机drawing press 深拉压力机drawing speed 拉拔速度drawing temperature 回火温度drawing test 杯突试验drawn in scale 嵌入表面的氧化皮drawn pipe 拉制管drawn tube 拉制管drawn wire 拉制线材dressability 选矿性dresser 选矿机;精整工dressing 矫正;涂料dressing machine 矫正机;切飞边冲床dressing room 修整工段dribble 滴drier 干燥炉drift 穿孔器;弹性后效drift test 扩口试验drill pipe 钻探管drill steel 钎子钢drip feed carburizing 点滴渗碳drive 驱动driven pulley 从动轮driven roller 驱动辊driven shaft 从动轴driving pulley 织轮driving shaft 织轴drop analysis 点滴分析drop ball 落锤drop bottom 活底drop forging 落锤锻造drop hammer 落锤drop reaction 点滴反应drop strength 落下强度drop test 落下试验;冲辉验drop transfer 熔滴过渡droplet 液滴dropping characteristic 下降特性dropping electrode 滴液电极dross 浮渣dross hole 出渣口dross trap 集浮渣器drossing 撇渣drum drier 圆筒干燥机drum feeder 筒式给料机drum filter 鼓式过滤机drum furnace 鼓形炉drum granulator 圆筒造球机drum index 转鼓试验强度drum mixer 圆筒混合机drum pelletizer 圆筒造球机drum strength 转鼓强度drum test 转鼓试验drum type coiler 筒式卷取机drum type decoiler 卷筒式开卷机drum type shears 滚筒式剪切机drum vacuum filter 鼓式真空过滤机dry air blast 干燥送风dry analysis 干法分析dry assay 干式试金dry bag isostatic pressing 干袋等静压压制dry bond 干强度dry cleaning 干式净化dry concentration 干选dry cooling 干式熄焦dry copper 凹铜dry corrosion 干腐蚀dry distillation 干镏dry drawing 干法拉拔dry electrostatic precipitator 干式静电收尘器dry friction 干摩擦dry gas cleaning 干式除尘dry gas purifier 干式煤气净化器dry grinding 干磨dry ingot 过热金属锭dry milling 干磨dry molding 干砂造型dry permeability 干透气性dry process 干法dry purification 干式净化dry quenching 干法淬火dry residue 干残渣dry sand 干型砂dry sand mold 干燥砂型dry screening 干筛dry steam 干蒸汽dry strength 干强度dry weight 干重量dry zone 干燥带dryer 干燥炉drying 干燥drying chamber 干燥室drying machine 干燥机drying oven 干燥炉drying pipe 干燥管drying rolls 挤干辊drying tower 干燥塔drying unit 干燥器dual chain drawbench 双链式拉拔机dual hearth furnace 双床平炉dual phase steel 双相钢duct 导管ductile brittle transition 延性脆性转移ductile cast iron 球墨铸铁ductile crack 延性破裂ductile fracture 塑性断裂ductility 延性dull finish 消光加工dumbbell interstitial 亚铃状间隙原子dumming 粗成形;空轧通过dummy bar 引锭杆dummy bar disconnection 引锭杆分离dummy bar head 引锭头dummy bar pit 引锭杆坑dummy bar tilter 引锭杆翻转装置dummy block 挤压垫dummy pass 空轧孔型dump 堆积场dump box 翻斗dump leaching 矿堆浸出dump slag 废弃矿渣dunite 纯橄榄岩duplex nickel plating 双重镍镀层duplex process 双联法duplex structure 二相显微结构duplex tube 复合管duplexing 双联法durability 耐久性duralumin 硬铝duration of heat 加热时间;冶炼时间duroscope 携带式硬度计dust arrester 捕尘器dust bag 集尘袋dust catcher 捕尘器dust chamber 集尘室dust cleaning apparatus 除尘装置dust coal 粉煤dust collecting cyclone 旋涡收尘器dust collection 收尘dust collector 集尘器dust elimination 除尘dust emission 粉尘排放dust exhaust 除尘dust filter 滤尘器dust free gas 净煤气dust ore 粉状矿石dust pocket 贮尘室dust removal 除尘dust remover 除尘器dust separator 离尘机dustiness 含尘度dwight lioyd sintering machine dl型带式烧结机dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡dynamic load 动荷重dynamic pressure 动压力dynamic recovery 动态回复dynamic recrystallization 动态再结晶dynamic strength 动态强度dynamic stress 动力应力dynamic test 动力学试验dynamic viscosity 动态粘度dynamics 动力学dynamo 发电机dynamo sheet 电机钢板dynamo steel 电机钢dynamometer 测力计dysanalyte 钛铌铁钙矿dysprosium 镝。

熔接fusion welding压接pressure welding焊接过程welding process焊接技术welding technique焊接工艺welding technology/procedure焊接操作welding operation焊接顺序welding sequence焊接方向direction of welding焊接位置welding position熔敷顺序build-up sequence/deposition sequence焊缝倾角weld slope/inclination of weld axis焊缝转角weld rotation/angle of rotation平焊位置flat position of welding横焊位置horizontal position of welding立焊位置vertical position of welding仰焊位置overhead position of welding平焊downhand welding/flat position welding横焊horizontal position welding立焊vertical position welding仰焊overhead position welding全位置焊all position welding：熔焊时，焊件接逢所处空间位置包括平焊、横焊、仰焊等位置所进行的焊接。

如水平固定管所进行的环缝焊接向下立焊vertical down welding/downward welding in t he vertical position向上立焊vertical up welding/upward welding in the ve rtical position倾斜焊inclined position welding上坡焊upward welding in the inclined position下坡焊downward welding in the inclined position对接焊butt welding角焊fillet welding搭接焊lap welding船形焊fillet welding in the downhand position/fillet w elding in the flat position平角焊horizontal fillet welding立角焊fillet welding in the vertical position仰角焊fillet welding in the overhead position坡口焊groove weldingI形坡口对接焊square butt welding喇叭形坡口焊flare groove welding卷边焊flanged edge welding纵缝焊接welding of longitudinal seam横缝焊接welding of transverse seam环缝焊接girth welding/ circumferential螺旋缝焊接welding of spiral seam/welding of helical s eam环缝对接焊butt welding of circumferential seam定位焊tack welding单面焊welding by one side双面焊welding by both sides单道焊single pass welding/single run welding多道焊multi-pass welding单层焊single layer welding多层焊multi-layer welding分段多层焊block sequence/ block welding分层多道焊multi-layer and multi-pass welding连续焊continuous welding断续焊intermittent welding打底焊backing weld封底焊back sealing weld盖面焊cosmetic welding深熔焊deep penetration welding摆动焊welding with weaving/weave bead welding前倾焊foreward welding (英国)/ forehand welding (美国)后倾焊backward welding(英国)/ backhand welding(美国)分段退焊backstep welding跳焊skip welding对称焊balanced welding/ balanced welding sequence 左焊法leftward welding forehand welding右焊法rightward welding/backhand welding挑弧焊whipping method自动焊automatic welding手工焊manual welding/hand welding车间焊接shop welding工地焊接site welding(英国)/ field welding (美国)拘束焊接restraint welding堆焊surfacing/building up/overlaying隔离层堆焊buttering端部周边焊boxing/end return返修焊rewelding补焊repair welding塞焊plug welding槽焊slot welding衬垫焊welding with backing焊剂垫焊welding with flux backing窄间隙焊narrow-gap welding强制成形焊enclosed welding脉冲电弧焊pulsed are welding电弧点焊arc spot welding螺柱焊stud welding热风焊hot gas welding高能焊high grade energy welding固态焊接solid-state welding单面焊双面成形one-side welding with back formation 焊接条件welding condition焊接工艺参数welding parameter极性polarity正接electrode negative/straight polarity反接electrode positive/reversed polarity运条方式manipulation of electrode焊接电流welding current焊接电流增加时间welding current upslope time焊接电流衰减时间welding current downslope time电流密度current density短路电流short circuit current脉冲电流pulse level/pulse current level脉冲电流幅值pulse current amplitude基值电流background level脉冲频率pulse frequency脉冲焊接电流占空比duty cycle of pulse duration电弧电压arc voltage再引弧电压reignition voltage焊接速度welding speed行走速度rate of travel/travel speed送丝速度wire feed rate线能量heat input/energy input热输入heat input预热preheat后热postheat焊后热处理posweld heat treatment/postheat treatmen t预热温度preheat temperature层间温度interpass temperature焊接终了温度finishing temperature后热温度postheating temperature焊丝伸出长度wire extension弧长arc length熔化速度melting rate熔化时间melting time熔化系数melting coefficient熔敷速度rate of deposition/deposition rate熔敷系数deposition coefficient熔敷效率deposition efficiency损失系数loss coefficient飞spatter飞溅率spatter loss coefficient融合比fusion ratio稀释dilution稀释率rate of dilution合金过度系数transfer efficiency/recovery (of an eleme nt)坡口groove坡口面groove face坡口面角度angle of bevel (英国)/ bevel angle (美国) 坡口角度included angle(英国)/groove angle(美国)坡口高度groove depth钝边root face钝边高度thickness of root face/width of root face根部间隙root gap(英国)/root opening (美国)根部半径root radius/groove radius根部锐边root edge卷边高度height of flange卷边半径radius of flange单面坡口single groove双面坡口double groove坡口形式groove typeI形坡口square grooveV形坡口single V grooveY形坡口single V groove with root face双Y形坡口double Vgroove with root face带钝边U形坡口single U groove带钝边双U形坡口double U grooveVY形坡口single compound angle groove带钝边J形坡口single J groove带钝边双J形坡口double J groove单边V形坡口single bevel groove双V形坡口double V groove不对称双V形坡口asymmetric double V groove双单边V形坡口double bevel groove/K groove带垫板V形坡口V groove with backing/ single V groov e with backing喇叭形坡口flare groove锁底坡口single bevel groove with backing locked坡形板边tapered edge焊缝weld接逢seam焊缝符号welding symbol焊缝金属weld metal填充金属filler metal熔敷金属deposited metal焊缝表面weld face/ face of weld焊缝背面back of weld焊缝轴线axis of weld焊缝尺寸size of weld焊缝宽度weld width/ width of weld焊缝长度weld length/ length of weld焊缝有效长度effective length of weld焊缝厚度throat depth/ throat thickness 焊缝计算厚度theoretical throat焊缝实际厚度actual throat熔深penetration/ depth of penetration 焊缝成形appearance of weld焊缝成形系数form factor of weld余高reinforcement/ excess weld metal 背面余高root reinforcement削平焊缝flush weld/ weld machined flush对接焊缝butt weld角焊缝fillet焊脚leg/ fillet weld leg角焊缝断面形状profile of fillet weld平形角焊缝flat fillet凸形角焊缝convex fillet weld凹形角焊缝concave fillet weld角焊缝凹度concavity侧面角焊缝side fillet weld/ fillet weld in parallel shear 正面角焊缝front fillet weld/ fillet weld in normal shear 立角焊缝fillet weld in the vertical position横角焊缝fillet weld in the horizontal position平角焊缝fillet weld in the flat position斜角焊缝oblique fillet weld连续焊缝continuous weld断续焊缝intermittent weld连续角焊缝continuous fillet weld断续角焊缝intermittent fillet weld交错断续角焊缝staggered intermittent fillet weld并列断续角焊缝chain intermittent fillet weld端接焊缝edge weld卷边焊缝flanged edge weld塞焊焊缝plug weld纵向焊缝longitudinal weld横向焊缝transverse weld环行焊缝girth weld/ circumferential weld螺旋形焊缝spiral weld/ helical weld密封焊缝seal weld承载焊缝strength weld联系焊缝connective weld定位焊缝tack weld焊道bead/ run/ pass焊波ripple焊根weld root/ root of weld焊趾weld toe/ toe封底焊道sealing run (after making main weld)/ back weld打底焊道backing weld (before making main weld)/ ba ck weld根部焊道root pass/ root run填充焊道filling bead盖面焊道cosmetic bead/ cover pass回火焊道temper bead/ annealing bead熔透焊道penetration bead焊层layer焊接接头welded joint接头形状joint geometry等强匹配接头equalmatching weld joint低强匹配接头undermatching weld joint超强匹配接头overmatching weld joint接头根部root of joint对接接头butt jointI形对接接头square butt jointV形对接接头single V butt jointU形对接接头single U butt jointJ形坡口接头single J butt joint双V形对接接头double V butt joint双单边V形对接接头double bevel butt joint/ K groove butt joint带钝边U形对接接头double U butt joint带钝边J形坡口接头double J joint角接接头corner jointT形接头T joint斜T形接头inclined T joint十字接头cruciform joint/ cross-shaped joint三联接头joint among three members 搭接接头lap joint套管接头muff joint/ sleeve joint双盖板接头double strapped joint盖板接头strapped joint端接接头edge joint卷边接头flanged edge joint锁底对接接头lock butt joint斜对接接头oblique butt joint混合接头mixed joint/ composite joint 有间隙接头open joint无间隙接头closed joint焊接电弧welding arc电弧形态arc shape电弧物理行为arc physics behaviour引弧striking arc引弧电压striking voltage电弧气氛arc atmosphere阴极cathode热阴极hot cathode冷阴极cold cathode阴极斑点cathode spot阴极区cathode region阴极区电场强度intensity of the electric field in the cat hode region阴极压降cathode drop阳极anode阳极斑点anode spot斑点压力spot pressure阳极区anode region阳极压降anode drop弧柱arc column/ arc stream弧柱压降voltage drop in arc column弧柱电位梯度potential gradient in the arc column弧焰arc flame弧心arc core硬电弧forceful arc/ hard arc软电弧soft arc旋转电弧rotating arc脉冲电弧pulsed arc脉冲喷射电弧pulsed spray arc起皱现象puckering phenomena起皱电弧puckering arc起皱临界电流puckering critical current间接电弧indirect arc压缩电弧compressive arc磁控电弧magnetic controlling arc电弧力arc force电磁力electromagnectic force电磁收缩效应pinch effect电弧飘移wandering of arc电弧稳定性arc stability电弧静特性static characteristic of arc电弧动特性dynamic characteristic of arc最小电压原理principle of minimum voltage 电弧挺度arc stiffness电弧偏吹arc blow磁偏吹magnetic blow阴极清理作用cleaning action of the cathode 电弧自身调节arc self-regulation挖掘作用digging action极性效应polarity effect熔滴droplet熔滴比表面积specific surface of droplet熔滴过渡metal transfer过度频率transition frequency粗滴过渡globular transfer; drop transfer 短路过渡short circuiting transfer喷射过渡spray transfer旋转喷射过渡rotating spray transfer脉冲喷射过渡pulsed spray transfer爆炸过渡explosive transfer渣壁过渡flux wall guided transfer熔池molten pool沸腾状熔池boiling molten pool弧坑crater熔渣slag渣系slag system渣系相图slag system diagram碱性渣basic slag酸性渣acid slag碱度basicity酸度acidity长渣long slag短渣short slag粘性熔渣viscous slag氧化物型熔渣oxide melting slag盐型熔渣salt melting slag盐-氧化物型熔渣salt-oxide melting slag熔渣流动性fluidity of the slag; slag fluidity熔渣solidified slag多孔焊渣porous slag玻璃状焊渣vitreous slag自动脱落焊渣self-releasing slag脱渣性slag detachability焊接设备welding equipment; welding set焊机welding machine; welder电焊机electric welding machine; electric welder焊接电源welding power source焊接热循环weld thermal cycle焊接温度场field of weld temperature; weld temperatu re field准稳定温度场quasi-stationary temperature field焊接热源welding heat source点热源point heat source线热源linear heat source面热源plane heat source瞬时集中热源instantaneous concentration heat source 热效率thermal efficiency热能集中系数coefficient of heat flow concentration峰值温度peak temperature瞬时冷却速度momentary cooling rate冷却时间cooling time置换氧化substitutionary oxydation扩散氧化diffusible oxydation脱氧desoxydation先期脱氧precedent desoxydation扩散脱氧diffusible desoxydation沉淀脱氧precipitation desoxydation扩散氢diffusible hydrogen初始扩散氢initial diffusible hydrogen100℃残余扩散氢diffusible hydrogen remained at 10 0℃残余氢residual hydrogen去氢dehydrogenation去氢热处理heat treatment for dehydrogenation脱硫desulphurization脱磷dephosphorization渗合金alloying微量合金化microalloying一次结晶组织primary solidification structure二次结晶组织secondary solidification structure联生结晶epitaxial solidification焊缝结晶形态solidification mode in weld-bead结晶层状线ripple多边化边界polygonization boundary结晶平均线速度mean solidification rate针状铁素体acicular ferrite条状铁素体lath ferrite侧板条铁素体ferrite side-plate晶界欣素体grain boundary ferrite; polygonal ferrite; pro-entectoid ferrite粒状贝氏体granular bainite板条马氏体lath martensite过热组织overheated structure魏氏组织Widmannst?tten structureM-A组元martensite-austenite constituent焊件失效分析failure analysis of weldments冷裂判据criterion of cold cracking冷裂敏感系数cold cracking susceptibity coefficient脆性温度区间brittle temperature range氢脆hydrogen embrittlement层状偏析lamellar segregation愈合healing effect断口金相fractography断口fracture延性断口ductile fracture韧窝断口dimple fracture脆性断口brittle fracture解理断口cleavage fracture准解理断口quasi-cleavage fracture氢致准解理断口hydrogen-embrittlement induced 沿晶断口intergranular fracture穿晶断口transgranular fracture疲劳断口fatigue fracture滑移面断口glide plane fracture断口形貌fracture apperance断口试验fracture test宏观断口分析macrofractography放射区radical zone纤维区fibrous zone剪切唇区shear lip aone焊接性weldability使用焊接性service weldability工艺焊接性fabrication weldability冶金焊接性metallurgical weldability热焊接性thermal weldability母材base metal; parent metal焊接区weld zone焊态as-welded (AW)母材熔化区fusion zone半熔化区partial melting region未混合区unmixed zone熔合区bond area熔合线weld junction (英)；bond line (美)热影响区heat-affected zone (HAZ)过热区overheated zone粗晶区coarse grained region细晶区fine grained region过渡区transition zone硬化区hardened zone碳当量carbon equivalent铬当量chromium equivalent镍当量nickel equivalent舍夫勒组织图Schaeffler's diagram德龙组织图Delong’s diagram连续冷却转变图（CCT图）continuous cooling transforma tion裂纹敏感性cracking sensibility焊接裂纹weld crack焊缝裂纹weld metal crack焊道裂纹bead crack弧坑裂纹crater crack热影响区裂纹heat-affected zone crack 纵向裂纹longitudinal crack横向裂纹transverse crack微裂纹micro-crack; micro-fissure热裂纹hot crack凝固裂纹solidification crack晶间裂纹intercrystalline crack穿晶裂纹transcrystalline crack多边化裂纹polygonization crack液化裂纹liquation crack失延裂纹ductility-dip crack冷裂纹cold crack延迟裂纹delayed crack氢致裂纹hydrogen-induced crack焊道下裂纹underbead crack焊根裂纹root crack焊趾裂纹toe crack锯齿形裂纹chevron cracking消除应力处理裂纹stress relief annealing crack (SR cra ck)再热裂纹reheat crack焊缝晶间腐蚀weld intercryctalline corrosion刀状腐蚀knife line attack敏化区腐蚀weld decay层状撕裂lamellar tearing焊接性试验weldability裂纹试验cracking testIIW裂纹试验IIW cracking testY形坡口裂纹试验slit type cracking test分块形槽热裂纹试验segmented circular groove crackin g testH形裂纹试验H-type cracking test鱼骨形裂纹试验fishbone cracking test指形裂纹试验finger (cracking) testT形裂纹试验Tee type cracking test环形槽裂纹试验circular-groove cracking test可调拘束裂纹试验varestraint testBWRA奥氏体钢裂纹试验BWRA cracking test for austen itie steel圆棒裂纹试验bar type cracking test; round bar cracki ng test里海裂纹试验Lehigh restraint cracking test圆形镶块裂纹试验circular-path cracking test十字接头裂纹试验cruciform cracking testZ向窗口拘束裂纹试验Z-direction window type restraint cracking testG-BOP焊缝金属裂纹试验G-BOP weld metal crack test 巴特尔焊道下裂纹试验Battelle type underbead cracking testU形拉伸试验U-tension test缪雷克期热裂纹试验Murex hot cracking test菲斯柯裂纹试验FISCO (type) cracking testCTS裂纹试验controlled thermal severity拉伸拘束裂纹试验（TRC试验）tensile restraint cracking t est刚性拘束裂纹试验（RRC试验）rigid restraint cracking te st插销试验implant testTigamajig 薄板焊接裂纹试验Tigamajing thin plate crac king test焊道纵向弯曲试验longitudinal-bead test柯麦雷尔弯曲试验Kommerell bead bend test肯泽尔弯曲试验Kinzel test缺口弯曲试验notch bend test热朔性试验hot-ductility test热影响区冲击试验impact test of HAZ热影响区模拟试验synthetic heat-affected zone test 最高硬度试验maximum hardness test落锤试验NRL (Naval Research Laboratory)测氢试验Hydrogen test焊接材料电极焊接材料welding consumables电极electrode熔化电极consumable electrode不熔化电极nonconsumable electrode钨电极tungsten electrode焊丝welding wire. Welding rod实心焊丝solid wire渡铜焊丝copper-plating welding wire自保护焊丝self-shielded welding wire药芯焊丝flux-cored wire复合焊丝combined wire堆焊焊丝surfacing welding rod填充焊丝filler wire焊条electrode/ covered electrode焊芯core wire药皮coating (of an electrode)/ covering (of an electr ode)涂料coating flux/coating material造气剂gas forming constituents造渣剂slag forming constituents合金剂alloying constituent脱氧剂dioxidizer稳弧剂arc stabilizer粘接剂binder水玻璃water glass水玻璃模数modules of water glass酸性焊条acid electrode高钛型焊条high titania (type) electrode钛钙型焊条lime titania type electrode钛铁矿形焊条ilmenite type electrode氧化铁型焊条iron oxide type electrode/ high iron oxid e type electrode高纤维素型焊条high cellulose (type) electrode石墨型焊条graphite type electrode碱性焊条basic electrode/ lime type covered electrode 低氢型焊条low hydrogen type electrode高韧性超低氢焊条high toughness super low hydrogen electrode奥氏体焊条austenitic electrode铁素体焊条ferritic electrode不锈钢焊条stainless steel electrode珠光体耐热钢焊条pearlitic heat resistant steel electrod e低温钢焊条low temperature steel electrode/ steel elec trode for low temperature铜合金焊条copper-alloy arc welding electrode铜芯铸铁焊条cast iron electrode with steel core纯镍铸铁焊条pure nickel cast iron electrode球墨铸铁焊条electrode for welding spheroidal graphite cast iron铸芯焊条electrode with cast core wire镍基合金焊条nickel base alloy covered electrode蒙乃尔焊条Monel electrode纯铁焊条pure iron electrode渗铝钢焊条alumetized steel electrode高效率焊条high efficiency electrode铁粉焊条iron powder electrode底层焊条backing welding electrode深熔焊条deep penetration electrode重力焊条gravity electrode立向下焊条electrode for vertical down position weldin g节能焊条saving energy electrode水下焊条underwater welding electrode耐海水腐蚀焊条seawater corrosion resistant steel elect rode低尘低毒焊条low-fume and harmfulless electrode/ low-fume and low-toxic electrode堆焊焊条surfacing electrode耐磨堆焊焊条hardfacing electrode钴基合金堆焊焊条cobalt base alloy surfacing electrode 碳化钨堆焊焊条tungsten carbide surfacing electrode高锰钢堆焊焊条high manganese steel surfacing electro de双芯焊条twin electrode绞合焊条stranded electrode编织焊条braided electrode双层药皮焊条double coated electrode管状焊条flux-cored electrode气渣联合保护型药皮semi-volatile covering焊条工艺性usability of the electrode/ technicality of th e electrode焊条使用性running characteristics of an electrode/ op erating characteristics of an electrode焊条熔化性melting characteristics of an electrode焊条直径core diameter焊条偏心度eccentricity (of an electrode)药皮重量系数gravity coefficient of coating焊条药皮含水量percentage of moisture for covering焊条夹吃持端bare terminal (of an electrode)焊条引弧端striking end (of an elcetrode)焊剂welding flux/ flux熔炼焊剂fused flux粘结焊剂bonded flux烧结焊剂sintered flux/ agglomerated flux窄间隙埋弧焊焊剂flux for narrow-gap submerged arc w elding低氢型焊剂low hydrogen type flux高速焊剂high speed welding flux无氧焊剂oxygen-free flux低毒焊剂low poison flux磁性焊剂magnetic flux电弧焊arc welding直流电弧焊direct current arc welding交流电弧焊alternating current arc welding三相电弧焊three phase arc welding熔化电弧焊arc welding with consumable金属极电弧焊metal arc welding不熔化极电弧焊arc welding with nonconsumable 碳弧焊carbon arc welding明弧焊open arc welding焊条电弧焊shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) 重力焊gravity welding躺焊fire cracker welding电弧堆焊arc surfacing自动堆焊automatic surfacing躺板极堆焊surfacing by fire cracker welding带极堆焊surfacing with band-electrode振动电弧堆焊vibratory arc surfacing耐磨堆焊hardfacing埋弧焊submerged arc welding (SAW)多丝埋弧焊multiple wire submerged arc welding纵列多丝埋弧焊Tandem sequence (submerged-arc wel ding)横列多丝埋弧焊series submerged arc welding (SAW-S) 横列双丝并联埋弧焊transverse submerged arc welding 热丝埋弧焊hot wire submerged-arc welding窄间隙埋弧焊narrow-gap submerged arc welding弧压反馈电弧焊arc voltage feedback controlling arc w elding自调节电弧焊self-adjusting arc welding适应控制焊接adaptive control welding焊剂层burden; flux layer气体保护电弧焊gas shielded arc welding保护气体protective atmosphere惰性气体inert-gas活性气体active-gas惰性气体保护焊inert-gas (arc) welding氩弧焊argon arc welding熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊metal inert-gas arc welding钨极惰性气体保护电弧焊tungsten inert-gas arc welding 钨极氢弧焊argon tungsten arc welding脉冲氢弧焊pulsed argon arc welding熔化极脉冲氢弧焊argon metal pulsed arc welding钨极脉冲氢弧焊argon tungsten pulsed arc welding热丝MIG焊hot wire MIG welding热丝TIG焊hot wire TIG welding氨弧焊helium-arc welding活性气体保护电弧焊metal active-gas arc welding混合气体保护电弧焊mixed gas arc welding二氧化碳气体保护电弧焊carbon-dioxide arc welding; C O2 arc welding细丝CO2焊CO2 arc welding with thin wire粗丝CO2焊CO2 arc welding with thick wire磁性焊剂CO2焊unionarc welding药芯焊丝CO2焊arcos arc process; dual shield arc wel ding气电立焊electrogas (arc) welding氮弧焊nitrogen-arc welding水蒸气保护电弧焊water vapour arc welding原子氢焊atomic hydrogen welding冲器室中电弧焊controlled atmosphere arc welding旋转电弧焊rotating arc welding短路过渡电弧焊short circuiting arc welding焊丝横摆频率weaving speed of wire焊丝停摆时间electrode keep time of slider等离子弧焊plasma arc welding (PAW)等离子弧plasma arc等离子流plasma jet转移弧transferred arc非转移弧nontransferred arc联合型等离子弧combined plasma arc主弧main arc维弧pilot arc维弧电流pilot arc surrent双弧现象double arcing双弧临界电流critical current of double arcing 等离子弧焊枪plasma (welding) torch压缩喷嘴constricting nozzle单孔喷嘴single port nozzle多孔喷嘴multiport nozzle压缩喷嘴孔径orifice diameter孔道长度orifice throat length孔道比orifice throat ratio等离子气plasma gas; orifice gas电极内缩长度electrode setback小孔效应keyhole effect小孔型等离子弧焊keyhole-mode welding熔透型等离子弧焊fusion type plasma arc welding大电流等离子弧焊high-current plasma arc welding中电流等离子弧焊intermediate-current plasma arc wel ding小电流等离子弧焊low-current plasma arc welding微束等离子弧焊micro-plasma arc welding交流等离子弧焊AC plasma arc welding脉冲等离子弧焊pulsed plasma arc welding等离子弧堆焊plasma arc surfacing热丝等离子弧堆焊hot wire plasma arc surfacing粉末等离子弧堆焊plasma arc powder surfacing等离子-熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊plasma MIG welding 转移弧电源transferred arc power supply非转移弧电源nontransferred arc power supply电弧焊设备arc welding equipment电弧焊机arc welding machine直流弧焊机DC arc welding machine交流弧焊机AC arc welding machine交直流两用弧焊机AC/DC arc welding machine单站弧焊机single operator arc welding machine多站弧焊机multi-operator arc welding set固定式弧焊机stationary arc welding machine移动式弧焊机portable arc welding machine台式弧焊机bench arc welding machine内燃机驱动式弧焊机combustion engine driven arc weld ing set电动机驱动式弧焊机motor driven arc welding set熔化极弧焊机arc welding machine using a consumabl e electrode不熔化极弧焊机arc welding machine using a non-cons umable electrode脉冲弧焊机pulsed arc welding machine气体保护弧焊机gas shielded arc welding machine氩弧焊机argon arc welding machine二氧化碳弧焊机CO2 arc welding machine钨极惰性气体保护弧焊机tungsten inert-gas welding ma chine熔化仍惰性气体保护弧焊机metal inert-gas welding mac hine气电立焊机electrogas (arc) welding machine等离子弧焊机plasma arc welding machine微束等离子弧焊机micro-plasma welding equipment原子氢焊机atomic hydrogen welding apparatus埋弧焊机submerged arc welding machine弧焊电源arc welding power source直流弧焊电源DC arc welding power source交流弧焊电源AC arc welding power source交直流两用弧焊电源AC/DC arc welding power source 脉冲弧焊电源pulsed arc welding power source上升特性弧焊电源rising characteristic arc welding pow er source平特性弧焊电源constant –voltage arc welding power s ource下降特性弧焊电源dropping characteristic arc welding p ower source垂降特性弧焊电源constant-current arc welding power source多特性弧焊电源slope-controlled arc welding power so urce逆变式焊接电源inverter welding power source晶体管弧焊电源transistor arc welding power source电源动特性dynamic characteristic电源外特性external characteristic弧焊变压器arc welding transformer弧焊整流器arc welding rectifier硅弧焊整流器silicon arc welding rectifier晶闸管弧焊整流器SCR arc welding rectifier; arc weldin g silicon controlled rectifier脉冲弧焊整流器pulsed arc welding rectifier弧焊发电机arc welding generator焊车welding tractor焊接机头welding head行走机构traveller送丝机构wire feeder等速送丝方式constant wire-feed system变速送丝方式alternate wire-feed system跟踪装置tracer焊丝盘wire reel焊钳electrode holder焊枪welding gun电极夹electrode holder导电嘴tip; contact tube喷嘴nozzle焊剂漏斗flux-hopper高频振荡器oscillator; HF unit脉冲引弧器pulsed arc starter; surge injector脉冲稳弧器pulsed arc stabilizer脉冲激弧器pulsed arc exciter输出电抗器out put reactor镇定变阻器ballast rheostat直流分量抑制器direct current suppressor焊接回路welding circuit额定焊接电流rated welding current焊接电流调节范围range of welding current regulation 空载电压open circuit voltage(no load voltage)约定负载电压conventional load voltage负载持续率duty cycle额定负载持续率rated duty cycle; standard service手工弧焊机manual arc welding machine电焊渣electroslag welding (ESW)手工电渣焊manual electroslag welding丝极电渣焊electroslag welding with wire electrode板极电渣焊electroslag welding with plate electrode 熔嘴电渣焊electroslag welding with consumable nozzl e管极电渣焊electroslag welding with tube electrode窄间隙电渣焊narrow-gap electroslag welding电渣堆焊electroslag surfacing电渣焊机electrosalg welding machine熔嘴consumable nozzle; consumable wire钢冷却板Cu-cooling plate铜滑板copper shoe渣池slag bath渣池深度depth of slag bath渣池电压voltage of slag bath电渣过程稳定性electroslag process stability焊丝间距distance between welding wires电子束焊electron beam welding (EBW)脉冲电子束焊pulsed electron beam welding加速电压acceleration voltage/ operating voltage电子束电流beam current电子束功率beam power电子束功率密度beam power density焦点focal spot焦距focal length工作距离work distance电子束焊机electron beam welding machine高真空电子束焊机full vacuum electron beam welder低真空电子束焊机partial vacuum electron beam welder 非真空电子束焊机nonvacuum electron beam welder真空度vacuum电子枪electron gun二极电子枪diode gun三极电子枪triode gun偏压电极bias electrode电磁透镜electromagnetic lens电子束偏转线圈electron beam deflection coils导流系数perveance钉尖spiking激光焊laser welding/ laser beam welding连续激光焊continuous laser welding脉冲激光焊impulsed laser welding激光焊机laser welding equipment气体激光器gas laser固体激光器solid laser焦斑直径focussed diameter of the beam离焦量clearance between focal point and (plate) surf ace焊缝深宽比weld seam depth-to-width ratio气焊gas welding氧乙炔焊oxy-acetylene welding氢氧焊oxy-hydrogen welding空气乙炔焊air-acetylene welding氧乙炔焊oxy-acetylene flame氢氧焰oxy-hydrogen flame氧煤气焰oxy-coal gas flame焊接火焰welding flame混合比mixing ratio混合气体可燃范围inflammable limit of the gaseous 一次燃烧primary combustion二次燃烧secondary combustion燃烧速度combustion rate燃烧强度combustion intensity火焰热效率flame heating efficiency焰芯inner cone; flame cone内焰internal flame外焰flame envelope中性焰neutral flame氧化焰oxidizing flame碳化焰carburizing flame还原区reducing zone火焰稳定性flame stability回火flashback逆火backfire回烧flashback气体发生速度gasification speed焊炬torch; blow pipe等压式焊炬balanced pressure torch射吸式焊炬injector torch氧乙炔焊炬oxy-acetylene torch焊割两用炬combined cutting and welding torch 混合室mixing chamber喷射器injector焊嘴welding nozzle; welding tip液氧气化器oxygen evaporator气瓶gas cylinder乙炔瓶acetylene cylinder阀罩cylinder cap气瓶阀cylinder valve汇流排cylinder manifold减压器pressure regulator; gas regulator单级减压器single stage regulator两级减压器two stage regulator回火防止器flashback arrestor干式回火防止器dry flashback arrestor水封式回火防止器water-closing type arrestor净化器purifier乙炔发生器acetylene generator低压乙炔发生器low pressure acetylene generator热剂焊thermit welding (TW)热剂补焊thermit repair welding钢轨热剂焊thermit rail welding热剂thermit powder热剂钢水thermit steel热剂反应thermit reaction热剂溶渣thermit slag热剂铸模thermit mold; mold for thermit weld热剂坩埚thermit crucible焊筋collar水下焊underwater welding水下气体保护电弧焊underwater gas shielded arc weldi ng水下等离子弧焊underwater plasma arc welding温式水下焊wet method underwater welding干式水下焊dry method underwater welding局部干式水下焊local dry underwater welding水帘局部干式水下焊water curtain type dry underwater welding遥控水下焊remote controlled underwater welding电弧空腔arc bubble电阻焊resistance welding (RW)点焊spot welding; resistance spot welding凸焊projection welding缝焊seam welding滚点焊roll-spot welding连续点焊stitch welding多点焊multiple spot welding手压点焊push welding; poke welding脉冲点焊pulsation spot welding; multiple-impulse wel ding双面点焊direct spot welding单面点焊indirect spot welding串联点焊series spot welding多点凸焊multiple projection welding频道进缝焊step-by-step seam welding压平缝焊mash seam welding串联缝焊series seam welding对接缝焊butt seam welding; foil-butt seam电阻对焊upset butt welding闪光对焊flash butt welding (FBW)储能焊stored energy welding电容储能点焊condenser discharge spot welding高频电阻焊high frequency resistance welding冲击电阻焊percussion welding胶接点焊spot weld-bonding; weld-bonding闪光flashing; flash过梁bridge; lintel顶锻upsetting; upset夹紧力clamping force顶锻力upsetting force; upset force电极压力electrode force; electrode pressure电极滑移electrode skid焊接循环welding cycle预压时间squeeze time锻压时间forge-delay time; forge time焊接通电时间（电阻焊）welding time (resistance welding) 预热时间preheat time加热时间heat time冷却时间cool time间歇时间quench time; chill time回火时间temper time维持时间hold time。

机械——焊接专业术语中英文对照（郭运）整理1Single单面的2V—groove V 型坡口3Joint焊接接头4Edges overlap接头形式5Butt对接6T T 型焊接7Fillet角焊缝8Edge端接9Corner角接10Radius半径11Joint root焊接根部12Bevel angle削边角度13Groove angle坡口角度14Root face根部钝边15Groove face坡口面16Plug weld塞焊17Spot weld点焊18Seam weld缝焊19Slot weld槽焊20Double—flare—bevel—groove K 型坡口焊缝21Single—flare—V单面 V型22Edge flange翻边端接23Corner flange卷边端接24Flange weld卷边焊缝25Flare weld扩口焊缝26Fillet weld角焊缝27Slot weld槽焊缝28Spot weld点焊缝29Surfacing weld堆焊焊缝30Melt —through weld熔透焊缝31Backing weld打底焊缝32Back weld背面焊缝33Root weld根部焊缝34Crown weld隆起部分35Weld reinforcement焊缝加强36Weld face焊缝表面37Cap pass盖面焊道38Weld edge焊缝边缘39Leg焊脚40Toe焊趾41Buildup堆焊42Weld reinforcement焊缝加强高43Effective throat有效焊喉44Concave weld凹形焊缝45Convex weld凸形焊缝46Unequal leg fillet不等脚角焊47Oversize weld大尺寸焊缝48Depth of fusion熔合深度49Depth of penetration熔透深度50Root penetration根部熔深51Joint penetration接头熔深52Weld interface焊缝分界面53Diameter of weld at point of contact焊缝在接触点上的直径54Thickness厚度55Tail尾部56Arrow箭头57Reference line参考线58Arrow side箭头一边59Weld symbol焊缝符号60Near side近侧61Arrow side箭头侧62Far side远侧63Other side另一侧64Put the weld on either—side在任意一侧施焊65There is no side significance没有方向区别66Edge flange双卷边67Corner flange单卷边68Weld size焊缝尺寸69Effective throat有效厚度70Root opening根部间隙71Full penetration double bevel —groove weld K 形坡口全焊透焊缝72Full penetration double V—groove weld双 V 形坡口全焊透焊缝73Partial penetration double bevel—groove weld K形坡口部分焊透焊缝74Partial penetration double V—groove weld双 V形坡口部分焊透焊缝75Bevel groove削边坡口76Flare groove喇叭形坡口77Flange groove卷边坡口78V—groove V 形坡口79Staggered intermittent fillet weld交错间断角焊缝80Chain intermittent fillet weld链状间断角81Segmented fillet weld分段角焊缝82Pitch distance间距83Depth of filling填充深度84Slot weld width槽焊缝宽度85Plug weld diameter塞焊缝的直径86Angle of countersink深孔角度87A dimension to the right of the symbol在符号右边的尺寸88 A dimension of the required suggest diameter 所要求的直径尺寸89 A value for the required shear strength per spot 每点所要求的剪切强度值90Spot weld size点焊缝尺寸91Spot weld length点焊缝的长度92Number of spot required所要求的点的数量93Pitch distance between adjacent spots两个相邻点的间距94Reference line参考线95Melt —through of weld from other side焊缝在另一96Single bevel—groove weld with backing weld 加垫板的单边坡口焊缝97 Single bevel—groove weld with back weld背面焊的单边坡口焊缝98Single bevel—groove weld with backing weld 带垫板的 V 形坡口焊缝99Single bevel—groove weld with back weld 背面焊的 V 形坡口焊缝100Square groove直边坡口101Skewed groove斜坡口102Sloped groove倾斜坡口103Scarf斜嵌接104Gas metal arc spot weld气体保护点焊105Resistance spot weld电阻点焊106Gas metal arc seam weld气体保护滚焊缝107Resistance seam weld电阻滚焊缝108Gas metal arc slot weld气体保护槽焊缝109The type of electrode to use所要求焊条形式110The weld quality standard焊缝质量标准111The weld procedure to use所用的焊接程序112Codes规范113Drawing图纸114Specifications技术要求115Contracts合同116General一般注解117Local局部注解118The point for lifting an object吊装一物体的点119Filler metals填充金属120Pressure vessel fabrication压力容器制造121Be as simple as possible尽可能简单122Welder焊工123Code body规范本身124Shielded metal arc手工电弧焊125Submerged arc埋弧焊126Face bend面弯127Root bend背弯128Side bend侧弯129Nick break缺口破坏130Tensile拉伸131Monitoring production welding监视生产中的焊接132Strength强度133Toughness韧性134Hardness硬度135Ductility延展性136Compressive压缩137Impact冲击138Fatigue疲劳139Undercut咬边140Overlap焊瘤141Cracking裂纹142Porosity气孔143Ultimate tensile strength极限拉伸强度144Percent elongation延伸率145Percent reduction of area断面收缩率146Impact strength冲击强度147Yield strength屈服强度148Brinell布氏149Vickers韦氏150Rockwell洛氏151Knoop努氏152Fatigue test疲劳试验153Tensile test拉伸试验154Micro--hardness test显微硬度试验155Charpy impact test夏比冲击试验156Soundness test致密性测试157Fillet break角焊缝断裂158Metallographic金相159Transverse fillet weld shear test横向角焊缝剪切试验160Quality of the fractured weld焊缝端口的质量161Ductility of the weld metal焊缝金属的延展性162Impact strength of the weld焊缝的冲击强度163Tensile strength of the base metal母材的拉伸强度164Weld—ability可焊性165Scratchescaused by improper handling 由不适当的处理导致的划痕166Incomplete fusion未熔合167Distortion变形168Slag inclusions夹渣169Vibratory stress relief振动消除应力170External restraint外部拘束171Thermal stress relief热消除应力172Peening锤击173Annealing退火174Quenching淬火175Tempering回火176Normalizing正火177Decrease current降低电流178Decrease voltage降低电压179Increase travel speed加快焊接速度180Change from weave to stringer bead technique 从横向摆动焊道改成直线焊道技术181Result in a wider heat —affected zone hardness导致热影响区更宽182Produce a lower heat —affected zone hardness 降低热影响区硬度183Slow down the cooling rate降低冷却速度184Reduce the tendency to produce martensite in the heat—affected zone减少在热影响区形成马氏体的倾向185Stress relief消除应力186Crater crack弧坑裂纹187SMAW手动电弧焊188PAW等离子焊189FCAW药芯焊190SAW埋弧焊191Underfill未焊满192Excess convexity太凸193Excess weld reinforcement焊缝余高太高194Overfill过充195Scratch start擦伤196Arc strike引弧烧伤197Tungsten inclusion夹钨198Lamination分层199Lamellar tear片状撕裂200Seam划伤201Pipe shrinkage缩孔202Longitudinal crack纵向裂纹203Transverse crack横向裂纹204Underbead crack焊道中裂纹205Toe crack焊趾裂纹206Root crack根部裂纹207Base metal crack母材裂纹208Before welding焊接前209During welding焊接时210After welding焊接后211Waiting time等待时间212Penetrating time渗透时间213Soak time吸入时间214Dwell time驻留时间215AC交流电216DC直流电217DCEP直流反接218。

dacite 英安岩dacitoid 似英安岩dactylitic 指形的dactylotype texture 指纹结构Daebo tectonic movement 大宝构造运动dahamite 钠长钠闪微岗岩dahllite 碳酸磷灰石daily variation of geomagnetic field 地磁日变化dakeite 硫铀钠钙石dalarnite 毒砂daleminzite 短柱硫银矿dalyite 锆硅钾石dam 堤damkjernite 黑云碱煌岩dammed lake 堵塞湖damourite 变白云母damouritization 水云化damp 湿的damp air 湿空气damped oscillation 阻尼振动damped pendulum 阻尼摆damper 阻尼器damping 阻尼damping effect 衰减效应danaite 钴毒砂danalite 铍榴石danburite 寞黄晶danger zone 危险区danian 达宁阶dannemorite 锰铁闪石daphnite 铁绿泥石darapskite 硫钠硝石darcy 达西darcy velocity 达钨度darcy's law 达唯律dark coniferous forest 暗针叶林dark inclusion 暗色包体dark room 暗室data bank 数据库data base 数据库dating 年代测定dating by obsidian 黑曜岩水化年代测定法datolite 硅硼钙石datum plane 基准面daubreeite 铋土daubreelite 陨辉铬铁矿davainite 褐闪岩davidite 铁钛铀矿davidsonite 绿黄绿柱石daviesite 细柱氯铅矿davyne 钾钙霞石dawsonite 丝钠铝石day water 地面水deactivation 减活dead load 恒载dead rock 废石dead water 停滞水debacle 解冻debouchment 河口debris 岩屑debris cone 冲积锥debris soil 岩屑土debye scherrer camera 德拜·谢乐照相机debye scherrer's method 德拜·谢乐法decalcify 脱钙decantation 倾析decanter 沉积池decarbonation 脱碳酸盐化decarbonization 脱碳酸盐化decay 腐败decay constant 衰变常数decay product 衰变产物decayed gravel bed 衰变砾石层decementation 脱胶结deceptive conformity 假整合deciduous forest 落叶林decke 盖declination 偏差declination axis 偏差轴decollement 脱顶构造decollement nappe 脱顶推覆体decolouration 去色作用decomposition 分解deconvolution 反褶积decrepitate 烧爆decrepitation 爆裂作用decrepitation method 爆裂法dedolomitization 脱白云作用deed coal 非粘结煤deep 海渊deep circulating hot water 深循环热水deep drilling 深孔钻探deep focus earthquake 深源地震deep fold 基底褶曲deep karst channel 深岩溶洞deep lead 深部砂矿deep sea deposit 深海沉积deep sea drilling 大洋钻探deep sea floor 深海底deep sea floor geology 深海底地质学deep seated weathering 深层风化deep seismic sounding dss 深地震测深deep weathering 深层风化deep well drilling 深孔钻进deep well turbine pump 深钻孔涡轮泵deepening 向下侵蚀defect 缺陷defect lattice 缺陷晶格defile 山谷deflation 风蚀deflection of the plumbline 铅垂线之偏斜deformation 应变deformation band 变形带deformation ellipsoid 变形椭球体deformation fabric 变形组构deformation texture 变形构造deformation twinning 塑变双晶degasify 脱瓦斯degass 脱瓦斯degeneration 退化deglaciation 冰消degradation 减嚣夷作用degraded alkali soil 脱碱土degraded chernozem 变质黑土degranitization 去花岗岩化degree of aeration 充气度degree of cementation 胶结度degree of dispersion 分散度degree of dissection 切割度degree of dissociation 离解度degree of fractionation 分馏度degree of freedom 自由度degree of hardness 硬度degree of ionization 电离度degree of saturation 饱和度degree of seismicity 震度dehydrate 脱水dehydration 脱水dehydrogenation 去氢dekrepitation 爆裂delafossite 铜铁矿delessite 铁叶绿泥石deleted species 残遗种delimitation 定界delimitation of ore bodies 矿体圈定delineation of ore deposits 矿体圈定delorenzite 铀钇铁钛矿delphinite 黄绿帘石delta 三角洲delta deposit 三角洲沉积delta geosyncline 外枝准地槽delta lake 三角洲湖deltaic coast 三角洲海岸deltoid dodecahedron 扁方三四面体delugu 大洪水deluvial 冲积的deluvium 坡水堆积物;坡积物delvauxene 水磷铁石delvauxite 水磷铁石demagnetization 去磁demantoid 翠榴石demidovite 青硅孔雀石demineralization 脱盐demonstrated reserves 证实储量dendriform 师状的dendrite 师石dendritic 师状的dendritic drainage 师状水系dendritic structure 师状构造dendrochronology 年轮年代学dendrogram 饰图dendroid 师状的dendrolite 师石denitrification 脱氮作用denitrifying bacteria 反硝化细菌dense 致密的densely leaved 密叶的densification 浓缩densimeter 密度计densitometer 密度计density 密度density bottle 比重瓶density logging 密度测井dental formula 齿式dentale 齿骨dentary 齿骨dentate 锯齿状的dentate suture 锯状缝denticulate 具细牙齿的dentine 牙质dentition formula 齿式denudation 剥蚀deorienting 消失性deoxidation 脱氧depleted mantle 贫化地幔depleted soil 瘦土depletion 矿量递减depolarizer 去极化剂depolymerization 解聚作用deposit 沉积deposit of sedimentary origin 沉积成因矿床deposit of transitional type 过度型矿床deposition factor 沉积因子deposition rate 沉积速度depositional fabric 沉积结构depositional plane 沉积面depositional remanent magnetization 沉积剩余磁化depositional surface 沉积面depositional system 沉积体系depressant 抑制剂depressed coast 沉降海岸depression 低地depression caldera 陷落巨火口depression spring 洼地泉depression storage 洼地储水depression type geothermal field 凹地型地热田depressor 抑制剂depth indicator 深度指示器depth of focus 震源深度depth of hypocenter 震源深度depth of penetration 渗透深度depth of precipitation 沉淀深度depth zone 深度带derange 弄乱derbylite 锑铁钛矿derivative structure 派生构造derived fossils 再沉化石derno podzolic soil 草生灰化土derrick 钻塔desalinization 脱盐作用desaturated colour 不饱色descendine plate 下降板块descension deposit 下降水矿床descloizite 钒铅锌矿description 描述descriptive mineralogy 描述矿物学desert 沙漠desert deposit 沙漠沉积物desert lake 沙漠湖desert pavement 沙漠砾石表层desert varnish 沙漠岩漆desert zone 荒漠地带desiccation crack 干裂隙desiccation fissure 干缩裂缝desiccation joint 干裂节理design flood 设计洪水desilication 脱硅作用desilification 脱硅作用desintergrate 使分解desmine 束沸石desmosite 条带绿板岩desorption curve 解吸曲线desquamation 剥离作用destinezite 磷硫铁矿destruction 破坏destructive metamorphism 破坏变质detachable bit 活钻头detachment 脱顶构造detachment fault 脱顶断层detachment nappe 脱顶推覆体detail exploration 详细勘探detail prospecting 详细普查detail survey 详查detection 探测detector 探测器检波器determinant factor 决定因素determination of the age 时代鉴定determining inert component 确定惰性组分detonator 雷管detrital 碎屑的detrital deposits 碎屑矿床detrital rock 碎屑岩detritus 岩屑deuteric alteration 初生变质deuterium 重氢deuteron 重氢核development 开发development machine 掘进机development plan 开拓计划development well 确定油田边界的井deviation 偏差device 装置devilline 钙铜矾devitrification 抗结晶性devonian 泥盆纪devonian period 泥盆纪devonite 斜斑粗粒玄武岩dew point hygrometer 露点湿度表dewalquite 铝钒矿dewater 排水dewatering 脱水dewatering pump 排水泵dewindtite 磷铅铀矿diabantite 辉绿泥石diabase 辉绿岩diabasic texture 辉绿结构diablastic 筛状变晶的diablastic texture 筛状变晶结构diacetyl dioxime 丁二酮肟diaclase 正方断裂线diaclasite 黄绢石diad 二次对称轴diadochite 磷硫铁矿diagenesis 成岩作用diagenetic differentiation 成岩分异作用diagenism 成岩作用diagnosis 特镇述diagnostic fossil 特寨石diagonal bedding 斜层理diagonal fault 斜断层diagonal joint 斜节理diagonal prism 第二柱diagonal pyramid 第二锥diagonal slice 斜分层diagram 图解diallage 异剥石diallagite 异剥岩dialogite 菱锰岩dialysis 透析diamagnetic crystal 抗磁性结晶diamagnetic material 抗磁体diamagnetic substance 抗磁体diamagnetic theory of geomagnetism 地磁的反磁性论diamagnetism 抗磁性diameter of bore 钻孔直径diameter of particles 粒径diaminodiphenyl 联苯胺diamicite 冰成杂砾岩，混积盐diamond 金刚石diamond anvile 金刚石测钻diamond bit 金刚石钻头diamond boring 金刚石钻进diamond crossing 菱形交叉diamond drilling 金刚石钻进diamond drilling bit 金刚石钻头diamond powder 金刚石粉diamond type structure 金刚石型构造diaphaneity 透萌diaphragm 横隔膜diaphthoresis 退化变质作用diaphtoresis 退化变质作用diapir 刺穿褶皱diapir core 底辟核diapir dome 挤入穹丘diapir fold 挤入褶皱diapir structure 底辟构造diapirism 刺穿现象diapositive 正片diaschistic 二分的diaschistite 二分岩diascope 投影仪diaspore 硬水铝石diasporite 硬水铝石;一水硬铝石diastem 小间断diastromes 层面节理diastrophic eustatism 地壳变动海面升降运动diastrophism 地壳变动diatom ooze 硅藻泥diatomaceous earth 硅藻土diatomite 硅藻土diatoms 硅藻类diatreme 火山道dichotomy 叉状分枝dichroism 二色性dichroite 堇青石dickinsonite 绿磷锰矿dickite 地开石dicotyledons 双子叶植物类dictyonite 网状混合岩diderichite 纤碳铀矿didodecahedral class 偏方二十四面体类didodecahedron 偏方二十四面体didymite 杂云英石didymolite 钙蓝石dielectric logging 介电测井dienerite 白砷镍矿diesel oil 柴油dietrichite 锰铁锌矾dietzeite 碘铬钙石differential anatexis 分异深熔作用differential compaction 差异压实differential entrapment 差异聚集differential erosion 差别侵蚀differential flotation 优先浮选differential pressure 不均压力differential settlement 不均匀沉陷differential species 区别种differential thermal analysis 差热分析differential trapping 差异聚集differential weathering 差异风化differentiated dike 分异岩脉differentiation 分化differentiation index 分异指数diffract 衍射diffracted wave 绕射波diffraction fringe 衍射圈diffraction grating 衍射光栅diffraction group 衍射群diffraction pattern 衍射圈diffractometer 衍射器diffuse double layer 扩散双层diffuse migmatite 扩散生成混合岩diffuse solar radiation 散射太阳辐射diffusion 扩散diffusion coefficient 扩散系数diffusion differentiation 扩散分化diffusion equilibrium 扩散平衡diffusion well 补给井diffusion zone 扩散带diffusive metasomatism 扩散交代作用dig 挖掘digenite 方辉铜矿digitate 指状的dihexagonal dipyramidal class 复六方双锥类dihexagonal prism 复六方柱dihexagonal pyramidal class 复六方锥体类dihydrite 翠绿磷铜矿dike 岩脉diktyonite 网状混合岩dilatancy 扩容现象dilatancy fissure 膨胀裂缝dilatation 膨胀dilatational wave 膨胀波dilate 使膨胀dilute solution 稀溶液dilution 稀度diluvial 洪积的diluvial epoch 洪积世diluvial theory 洪积说diluvium 洪积世dimensional preferred orientation 空间选择定位dimetasomatism 双交代作用dimethylglyoxime 丁二酮肟dimorphism 二形dimorphite 硫砷矿dimple spring 洼处泉dinantian 狄南阶dinosaurs 恐龙类diogenite 奥长古铜无球陨岩diopside 透辉石diopsidite 透辉石岩dioptase 透视石diorite 闪长岩dioritic 闪长岩状的dioxyanthraquinone 二羟蒽醌dip 倾斜dip angle of hole 钻孔倾角dip entry 倾斜苍坑道dip fault 倾向断层dip joint 倾向节理dip separation 倾向隔错距dip slip fault 倾向滑断层dipetalous 双瓣的diphyllous 双叶的diplont 染色体倍数个体dipmeter 地层倾角测井仪dipmeter survey 倾斜仪测量dipole 偶极子dipole ion complex 偶极离子络合物dipole radiation 偶极子辐射dipterous 双翅的dipyramid 双锥dipyre 针柱石dipyridyl 联吡啶direct factor 直接因素direct rope haulage 头绳运输direct runoff 地表径流直接径流direct splar radiation 太阳直射direct wave 直边波directed valence 定向价directive 定向的directive structure 定向构造directive texture 定向结构discharge hydrograph 量水文图discharge pipe 排出管线discharge pressure 排出压力discharge zone of alluvial cone 冲积锥涌水带discoid 盘状的disconformable intrusion 假整合侵入disconformity 假整合discontinuity 不连续性discontinuous folding 不连续褶曲discontinuous reaction series 不连续反应系discordance 不整合discordant 不整一的discordant age 不整合年龄discordant batholith 不整合岩基discordant bedding 不整合层理discordant injection 不整合侵入discordant intrusive 不整合侵入岩体discrasite 锑银矿discrete value 不连续值discriminator 鉴别器dish structure 碟子构造disharmonic fold 不谐和褶曲disintegrate 倒塌disintegration constant 衰变常数disintegration series 蜕变系disintegrator 碎解机disjunction 脱节disjunctive fold 断裂性褶曲disk bit 盘状冲魂头dislocation 断层dislocation breccia 断层角砾岩dislocation metamorphism 断错变质disorder 无序disordered lattice 无序格子dispergated 分散状的dispersant 分散剂disperse 散布disperse particle 分散粒子disperse phase 分散相disperse system 分散系dispersed element 分散元素dispersing agent 分散剂dispersion 分散dispersion energy 分散能dispersion force 分散力dispersion halo 分散晕dispersion medium 分散介质dispersion of optic axes 光轴分散dispersion phenomenon 分散现象dispersion zone 分散带dispersity 分散度dispersive power 分散能力dispersoid 分散质disphenoid 复正方楔displace 置换displaced fossils 再沉化石displacement 迁移displacement efficiency 置换效率displacement law 迁移定律displacement pump 活塞泵disposal well 处理矿场水或污水的井dissected delta 切割三角洲dissected fan 切割扇状地dissected peneplain 切割准平原dissected plateau 切割台地dissection 切割disseminate 散布disseminated structure 浸染状构造dissemination ore deposit 浸染矿床dissimilation 分异化作用dissociation 解离dissociation energy 离解能dissociation pressure 离解压力dissolubility 溶解性dissymmetry 非对称distance meter 测距仪distance of epicentre 震中距distant earthquake 远震distant hybrid 远缘杂种disterrite 葱绿脆云母disthene 蓝晶石distillation 蒸馏distilled water 蒸馏水distinct landforms 显地形distortion 畸变distributary 支流分流distribution 分布distribution curve 分布曲线distribution graph 分布图表distribution law 分布律disturb 扰乱disturbance 扰乱ditch 沟渠ditch method 挖沟勘探法ditetragonal dipyramidal class 复正方双锥类ditetragonal prism 复正方柱ditetragonal pyramidal class 复正方锥类ditrigonal dipyramidal class 复三方双锥类ditrigonal pyramidal class 复三方锥类ditrigonal scalenohedral class 复三方偏三角面体类ditroite 方钠霞石正长岩divaricating river 分叉性河流divergence 分歧divergent boundary 离散边缘divergent plate 背离型板块divergent structure 辐散构造diverging electron lens 发散电子透镜diversion channel 分水渠divide 分水界divining rod 探矿校division of labour 分工diwa theory 地洼学说djalmaite 钼钛铀矿dobschauite 辉砷镍矿dodecahedron 十二面体dogger 道格统dolabriform 斧形的doldrums 赤道无风带dolerite 粗玄岩doleritic 粗玄的dolerophane 褐铜矾doline 落水洞doline funnel 溶斗dolomite 白云石dolomitic limestone 白云灰岩dolomitization 白云石化dolomitize 白云石化domain 领域domain of influence 影响区domain structure 晶域构造domatic class 坡面体晶类dome 穹顶dome mountain 穹形山dome shaped fold 穹状褶皱dome shaped volcano 穹状火山dome structure 穹窿构造domerian 多米尔阶domeykite 砷铜矿dominance 优势性dominant 优势的dominant species 优势种dopplerite 弹性沥青dormant fault 休眠断层dormant volcano 休火山dorr classifier 耙式分级机dorr thickener 道尔型浓缩机dorsal 背面的dorsal fin 背dorsum 背部dosimeter 剂量计double acting pump 复动泵double bond 双键double chain structure 复链状构造double decomposition 复分解double layer 双层double linkage 双键double refraction 双折射double salt 复盐double volcano 双火山doubling 折叠doubly serrate 重锯齿的douglasite 绿钾铁盐down 绵毛down warped basin 土动陷盆地downfold 海槽downstream 顺聊downstream water 下游水downthrow fault 下落断层downtonian stage 当顿阶dowsing rod 探矿校drag arc 牵引弧drag drill bit 刮刀钻头drag fold 拖曳褶皱drain 排水沟drain tile 排水瓦管drain valve 排泄阀drainage 排水drainage area 排水区drainage basin 集水区drainage density 排水密度drainage ditch 排水沟drainage divide 分水岭drainage gallery 排水平峒drainage network 排水网drainage pattern 水系型drainage radius 排水半径drainage ratio 迳潦drainage system 水系dravite 镁电气石draw 洼地drawdown 地下水位下降drawdown curve 液面下降曲线drawing board 画图板drawing ink 制图墨drawing instrument 制图仪器绘图仪器drawing list 图纸目录drawing machine 卷扬机drawing number 图纸编号dredge 挖泥dredger 链斗挖土机dredging 疏浚dreelite 石膏重晶石drift 水平巷道;使漂流drift current 吹流drift dammed lake 冰碛湖drift ice 漂水drifter 架式钻机drill 打钻;钎杆drill base 基台drill bit 钎头drill carriage 钻车drill collar 钻铤drill dust 钻井尘drill hole 钻孔drill hole depth 钻孔深度drill hole wall 钻孔壁drill operator 钻井装置操驻drill pipe string 钻杆柱drill rig 钻机drill rod 钻杆drill rod coupling 钻杆接箍drill rod subs 钻杆接头drill steel 钻钢drill stem 钻杆drill stem test 钻杆试验drill winch 钻孔绞车drillability 岩石可钻性driller 钻工driller's log 钻井记录drilling 钻进drilling bit 钻头drilling cable 钻井用钢丝绳drilling crew 井队drilling derrick 钻塔drilling equipment 钻进设备drilling exploration 钻探drilling fluid 钻井泥浆drilling foreman 钻井队长drilling line 钻井用钢丝绳drilling mud 钻探泥浆drilling on waterways 水上钻探drilling rate 钻进速度drilling rig 钻机drilling ship 钻探船drilling technique 钻探技术drilling template 井口盘drilling time 钻时drilling time log 钻时录井drilling unit 钻井装置drilling with direct circulation of mud 泥浆正向循环钻进drillings 钻孔碎屑dripstone 滴水石drive 驱动droogmansite 杜克曼斯矿drop analysis 点滴分析drop hammer 落锤drop reaction 点滴反应drowned delta 沉溺三角洲drowned reef 沉没礁drowned river 溺河drowned valley 溺谷drum 圆柱drumlin 鼓丘druse 晶簇drusitic 晶洞状的drusy 晶腺状的drusy cellular 晶腺蜂房状的drusy structure 晶簇构造dry adiabat 干绝热线dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热递减率dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程dry analysis 干法分析dry assay 干法试金dry bulb thermometer 干球温度表dry concentration 干选dry density 干容重dry gas 干瓦斯dry grinding 干式粉碎dry hot rocks 干热岩体dry process 干法dry residue 燥风化壳dry sand 无油砂层dry valley 干谷dry zone 干旱带drying oven 干燥炉dubiomicrofossil 可疑微体化石dubious 可疑的ductile bed 塑性层ductile fault 塑性断层ductility 韧性dufrenite 绿磷铁矿dufrenoysite 硫砷铅矿duftite 砷铜铅矿dug well 挖井dull bit 钝钻头dull coal 暗煤dumalite 都马粗安岩dumontite 水磷铀铅矿dumortierite 蓝线石dundasite 碳铝铅矿dune 沙丘dune deposit 沙丘层dune lake 沙丘湖dune sand 沙丘砂dungannonite 刚玉中长岩dunite 纯橄家dunn bass 夹石duplication 重复dupuit's assumption 独枇特的假设durability 持久性durain 暗煤durangite 橙红砷钠石duration 持续时间duration curve 历时曲线duration of snow cover 积雪层持续时数durbachite 暗云正长岩durdenite 磅铁矿durite 暗煤dussertite 绿砷钡铁矿dust coal 粉煤dust counter 计尘器尘粒计数器dust deposit 尘土堆积dust ore 粉状矿石duster 空井dy 腐殖泥dyad 二分体dyakisdodecahedron 偏方三八面体dyke 岩脉dynamic action 动力作用dynamic correction 动校正dynamic encrustation 动力薄膜dynamic geology 动力地质学dynamic geomorphology 动力地貌学dynamic instability 动力不稳定dynamic metamorphism 动力变质dynamic similarity 动力相似dynamic stability 动力稳定dynamical meteorology 动力气象学dynamite charge 疵麦特炸药dynamo theory of geomagnetism 地磁气动力理论dynamo thermal metamorphism 动热变质作用dynamofluidal 动力链的dynamohydral metamorphism 动水变质dynamometamorphic deposit 动力变质矿床dynamometamorphic rock 动力变质岩dynamometamorphism 动力变质dysanalyte 钛铌铁钙石dyscrasite 锑银矿dysphotic zone 弱光带dysprosium 镝E type structural system 山字型构造体系eagle stone 钤石eakleite 硬硅钙石earth 地球;大地earth auger 钻土机earth axis 地轴earth connection 接地earth current 大地电流earth detector 接地指示器earth ellipsoid 地球椭球earth fall 土崩earth interior 地球内部earth layer 土层earth magenetic field 地磁场earth magnetism 地磁earth pillar 土柱earth potential 地电位earth pressure 土压力earth resistance 大地电阻earth resource technology satellite 地球资源枝术卫星earth satellite 地球卫星earth science 地球科学earth surface 地面earth thermometer 地温表earth tide 地潮earth vortex 地旋涡earth's axis 地轴earth's core 地心earth's crust 地壳earth's mantle 地幔earth's spheroid 地球椭圆体earthing resistance 接地电阻earthquake 地震earthquake fault 地震断层earthquake focus 地震震源earthquake generating stress 地震发生应力earthquake intensity 地震强度earthquake intensity scale 地震强度分级earthquake magnitude 震级earthquake mechanism 震源机构earthquake observation by mobile station 移动地震观测earthquake prediction 地震预报earthquake-proof construction 抗震建筑earthquake region 震区earthquake sound 震声earthquake vibration 地震振动earthquake zone 地震带earthwork 挖土easer 辅助炮眼east longitude 东经east pacific rise geothermal belt 东太平洋中脊地热带eastonite 富镁黑云母eboulement 崩塌作用eccentric well 偏心钻井eccentricity 偏心率ecesis 定居echellite 白沸石echelon faults 阶状断层echelon folds 阶状褶皱echelon like veins 斜列式矿脉echelon structure 雁行式构造echelon tension joint 雁行式张节理echelon veins 雁行矿脉echo 回波echo sounding 回声测深eckermannite 氟镁钠闪石eclogite 榴辉岩eclogite facies 榴辉岩相ecological factor 生态因素ecological series 生态系列ecology 生态学economic geography 经济地理economic geology 经济地质学ecostratigraphic unit 生态地层单位ecostratigraphy 生态地层学ecosystem 生态系ecotope 生态环境ecotype 生态型ectoblast 外胚层ectoderm 外胚层ectoproctous polyzoa 苔藓动物ectosarc 外质eddy diffusion 涡动扩散eddy friction 涡动摩擦eddy motion 涡动edge 边缘edge water 边水edingtonite 钡沸石edisonite 斜方金红石editycle 小旋回edolite 长云角页岩edwardsite 独居石effective diameter 有效直径effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷effective permeability 有效渗透率effective porosity 有效孔隙度effective precipitation 有效降水量effective radiation 有效辐射effervescence 泡沸efflorescence 粉化effluent 瘤effluent cave 出水洞effluent stream 潜水补给河effusion 溢出effusive rock 喷发岩egg shell 卵壳eggonite 水磷铝石eglestonite 氯汞矿eh ph diagram eh ph 图表ehrwaldite 二辉石岩eif 艾斐尔阶eifelian 艾斐尔阶einsteinium 锿ejection 喷出ejection of slime 泥喷出ekerite 钠闪花岗岩ekmannite 锰叶泥石elaeite 叶绿矾elaeolite 脂光石elastic aftereffect 弹性后效elastic afterworking 弹性后效elastic deformation 弹性形变elastic limit 弹性极限elastic properties 弹性elastic wave 弹性波elasticity 弹性elastodynamics 弹性动力学elastoviscous flow 弹粘性流elater 弹丝elaterite 弹性沥青elbaite 锂电气石electric charge distribution 电荷分布electric conductivity 导电度electric double layer 双电层electric drill 电钻electric hoist 电力提升机electric lateral curve log 横向测井electrical exploration 电法勘探electrical logging 电法测井electrical prospecting 电法勘探electrical resistance thermometer 电阻温度计electrical resistivity 电阻率electro chemical gaging 电化的测定electrochemical affinity 电化亲合势electrochemical equivalent 电化当量electrochemical oxidation 电化氧化electrochemical potential 电化势electrochemical reduction 电化还原electrochemical series 电化序electrochemistry 电化学electrode 电极electrode separation 电极间距electrode spacing 电极间距electrodialysis 电透析electrofiltration 电滤electrokinetic effect 动电学效应electrokinetic potential 动电学电位electrolyte 电解液electrolytic capacitor 电解电容器electrolytic dissociation 电离electromagnetic field 电磁场electromagnetic induction method 电磁感应法electromagnetic method 电磁法electromagnetic seismometer 电磁式地震检波器electrometallurgy 电冶金electron absorption 电子吸附electron affinity 电子亲合势electron detachment 电子脱离electron diffraction camera 电子衍射仪electron microscope 电子显微镜electron migration 电子迁移electron multiplier 电子倍增器electron pair bond 电子对键electron probe microanalyser 电子探针显微分析器electron tube 电子管electron volt 电子伏特electronegative atom 阴电原子electronegative element 阴电性元素electronegative gas 负电性气体electronegativity 电负性electroneutrality 电中性electronic counter 电子计数管electronic ionizaton 电子电离electronic lens 电子透镜electrophilic reactivity 亲电子反应性electrophoresis 电泳electrophoresis apparatus 电泳器electropositive atom 阳原子electropositive element 阳电性元素electrostatic precipitation 静电沉积electrostatic separation 静电分离electrovalence 电价electrovalent bond 电价键electrum 银金矿element 元素elemental structural type 元素性构造型式elementary 初步的elementary fossil 分子化石elements of iron group 铁族元素elements of platine group 铂族元素elements of symmetry 对称要素eleolite syenite 脂光正长岩elevated ral reef 升露珊焊elevated shore 上升海岸elevation 隆起elevation crater 上升火山口elevation head 位势水头elevation theory of volcano 火山隆起说elimination 排出ellipsoid 椭圆体ellipsoid of revolution 回转椭面ellipsoidal structure 椭球形构造elliptic 椭圆形的elliptical 椭圆形的ellipticity 椭圆率ellsworthite 钙铌水石elongated 引伸的elongation 伸长elpasolite 钾冰晶石elpidite 钠锆石elutriation 水析elutriation method 水析法eluvial deposit 残余沉积物eluvial horizon 淋溶层eluvial ore deposit 残积矿床eluvial placer 残积矿床eluviation 淋滤作用eluvium 残积层elytron 翅鞘eman 爱曼emanate 分离emanation 射气作用emanation survey 射气测量emanometer 射气测量仪embankment 堤坝embayed coast 湾形海岸embayment 弯入embolite 氯溴银矿embouchure 河口embryogenesis 胚发生embryogeny 胚发生embryonic geosyncline 萌地槽embryonic platform 萌地台embryonic volcano 雏火山emendation 订正emerald 祖母绿emergence 上升emergence angle 出射角emery 刚砂emission 发射emission spectrum 发射光谱emissivity 发射率emitter 发射体emmonite 钙菱锶矿emmonsite 绿铁碲矿emperor seamounts 北潍平洋海岭emplacement 侵位emplectite 硫铜铋矿emscherian stage 埃穆什尔阶emulsion 乳浊液emulsion structure 乳浊液emulsoid 乳胶体en echelon 雁列式的enalite 水硅钍铀矿enamel 珐琅质enantiomorph 左石形enantiomorphic hemihedry 左右半面象enantiotropy 互变性enargite 硫砷铜矿enceladite 硼镁钛矿enclosed sea 内海encrinite limestone 海百合灰岩encroachment 入侵encrustation 结壳end 工祖end effect 末端效应end member 端员。

信息检索综合报告姓名:学号:学院:年月日课题名称（中文）:光纤传感器上层界面及光板通信模块开发研究课题名称（英文）：Design of User Interfance and Communication Protocol inFiber Optic Sensor课题分析：课题重点、主题词等分析（主题词需中英文）.Net；SQL；光纤传感；三层架构；串口通信；【Key words】.Net；SQL；Fiber Sensor；Three Layers Architecture；serial port；一、中文全文数据库检索从CNKI、万方数据库资源、读秀、人大复印报刊资料等中文全文数据库中选择2种数据库进行全文检索数据库1：CKNI检索式1：标准检索：主题光纤传感器and期刊年限2007.6-2012.6检索式2：：关键字光纤传感器的研究or 光板通信检索式3：文献检索：主题：光纤通信模块年限（取近5年）：2007-2012限定类目：电信技术检索途径：信息通信>电信技术检索式1检出篇数：1416检索式2检出篇数：8题录（3篇）________1______1`光纤传感器上层界面及光板通信模块开发研究数据库2 ：万方数据库检索式1：title:光线传感器date:2007-2012 检索式2：title:光板通信检索式3：学术论文：光纤传感器上层界面年限：2007--2012限定类目：自动化技术，计算机技术检索途径：工业技术>自动化技术，计算机技术检索式1检出篇数： 1检索式2检出篇数： 1检索式3检出篇数： 3题录（3篇）____1.光纤传感器上层界面及光板通信模块开发研究作者：王微学科专业：电磁场与微波技术授予学位：硕士学位授予单位：北京邮电大学导师姓名：李蔚学位年度：2010语种：chi分类号：TP212 TN2532.分布式光纤振动传感系统的数据采集与处理学位论文] 苏旭峰， 2010 - 北京邮电大学：电磁场与微波技术3.分布式光纤振动传感信号的采集与处理[期刊论文] 《工业控制计算机》 -2011年11期孙进明殷玲赵兴群孙小菡二、外文全文数据库检索从IEL、ELSEVIER、AIAA、ASME、EBSCO，Springer Link 、Emerald、国道数据超市西文全文数据库中任选2种数据库进行检索数据库1 : IEL检索式（词）：Communication Protocol in Fiber Optic Sensor 检索年限: 2007--2012检出篇数: 71题录（3篇）1.Plug-and-Play and Network-Capable Medical Instrumentation and Database with a Complete Healthcare Technology Suite: MediCANDate of Conference: 25-27 June 2007Author(s):McKneely, P.K.MediCAN Syst. Inc., Houst onChapman, F. ; Gurkan, D.Page(s): 122 - 130Product Type: Conference Publications2.Determination of the penetration depth of a High-Power RF system for oncology hyperthermia by using SAR distributions Date of Conference: 26-28 Oct. 2011Author(s):Solis-Tinoco, V.CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico Cit y, MexicoLeija-Salas, L. ; Vera-Hernandez, A.Page(s): 1 - 4Product Type: Conference Publications3.Modeling and Performance Analysis of Small Group Multicast with Deflection Routing in Optical Burst Switched NetworksDate of Publication: April 2008Author(s):Xiaodong HuangUniv. of Texas at Dallas, RichardsonQingya She ; Tao Zhang ; Kejie Lu ; Jue, J.P.Volume: 26 , Issue: 3Page(s): 74 - 86Product Type: Journals & Magazines数据库2 : EMERALd检索式（词）：Communication Protocol in Fiber Optic Sensor题录（3篇）1.Wireless sensor networks for structure health monitoring: recent advances and future research directionsType: Literature reviewAuthor(s): Bengi Aygün, Vehbi Cagri GungorSource: Sensor Review Volume: 31 Issue: 3 20112.Stratospheric communication platforms as an alternative for spa ce programType: General reviewAuthor(s): St. D. IlcevSource: Aircraft E ngineering and Aerospace Technology Volume: 83 Issue: 2 20113.Search and rescue (SAR) operations for the missing Bell 206 Long Ranger helicopter in Sarawak, Malaysia using near real-time airborne hyperspectral imaging systemType: General reviewAuthor(s): Kamaruzaman JusoffSource: Disaster P revention and Management Volume: 17 Issue: 1 2008三、电子图书检索从超星、方正电子图书数据库选择一种数据库进行检索数据库名称：超星检索途径：图书检索：光纤通信目录（5篇）：1.《光纤通信原理》作者: 邓大鹏等编著出版日期: 2009主题词: 光纤通信-高等学校-教材2.《光纤通信基本理论与技术》作者: 胡先志出版日期: 2008主题词: 光纤通信分类:工业技术图书馆>无线电电子学、电信技术>无线通信>光波通信、激光通信图书简介:本书内容有：光波导理论、光纤及特性、光器件、同步数字体系、光网络组件、接入光网络等。

锚具硬度标准锚具是一种常用的工业零部件，用于连接固定物体并提供强大的支持和稳定性。

锚具的硬度是其关键性能之一，它直接影响到锚具的耐用性和承载能力。

为了确保锚具的质量和性能符合标准要求，在生产和使用过程中，需要参考一些相关的硬度标准。

一、国际标准组织（ISO）标准：1. ISO 16859:2020 Metallic materials -- Conversion of hardness values: This standard specifies the conversion between different hardness measurement methods, such as Brinell, Vickers, and Rockwell. It provides guidelines for converting hardness values obtained using one method to values that are equivalent in terms of hardness scale.2. ISO 6506-1:2014 Metallic materials -- Brinell hardness test -- Part 1: Test method: This standard specifies the procedure for testing metallic materials using the Brinell hardness test. It defines the test method, equipment requirements, and calculation of the Brinell hardness number. The Brinell hardness test is widely used in the industry to evaluate the hardness of metallic materials.3. ISO 6507-1:2018 Metallic materials -- Vickers hardness test -- Part 1: Test method: This standard specifies the test method for determining the Vickers hardness of metallic materials. It describes the procedure, requirements for test equipment, and calculation of the Vickers hardness number. The Vickers hardness test is commonly used for small and thin samples.二、国家标准：1. GB/T 231.1-2009 Metallic materials -- Brinell hardness test -- Part 1: Test method: This Chinese national standard is equivalent to ISO 6506-1:2014 mentioned above. It provides the test method and requirements for Brinell hardness testing of metallic materials.2. GB/T 4340.1-2009 Metallic materials -- Vickers hardness test -- Part 1: Test method: This Chinese national standard corresponds to ISO 6507-1:2018. It specifies the test method for Vickers hardness testing of metallic materials.三、行业标准：1. GB/T 1172-1999 Metal materials -- Rockwell hardness test: This Chinese industrial standard defines the test method for Rockwell hardness testing of metal materials. The Rockwell hardness test is widely used due to its simplicity and versatility. It measures the depth of penetration of an indenter under a selected load, allowing for the determination of different Rockwell hardness scales (e.g., HRA, HRB, HRC).2. JB/T 7409-2008 Technical specification for hardness testing of anchor chains: This Chinese technical specification provides guidelines for hardness testing of anchor chains used in marine and offshore applications. It specifies the testing equipment, procedure, and acceptance criteria to ensure the hardness requirements are met for safe and reliable anchor chain operation.锚具硬度标准的参考内容包括国际标准组织（ISO）标准、国家标准和行业标准。

常见的硬度测试（中英文）洛氏硬度（HR）用一个金刚石圆锥（HRC）或经硬化的（钨）钢球压头（HRB等），以10kgf 的预载荷和60, 100, 或150kgf的主试验力压入被测材料表面。

表面洛氏硬度（HR）依据设定的标尺，用一个金刚石圆锥或经硬化的（钨）钢球压头压入被测材料表面。

表面洛氏测量应用的力值较小，产生的压痕较浅，多用于相对易碎和很薄的材料中。

预载荷为3kgf，主试验力为15, 30, 或45kgf.维氏硬度（HV）以1-120kgf的试验力，将相对面夹角为136°的方锥形金刚石压头压入被测材料表面。

压痕则应用显微镜或USB摄像头来进行视频观测及测量。

显微维氏硬度（HV）通常以不超过1kgf的试验力，将相对面夹角为136°的方锥形金刚石压头压入被测材料表面。

压痕则应用精密显微镜或高分辨率的USB摄像头来进行视频观测及测量。

600x的放大倍数是最常见的，1000x的放大倍数正愈加被广泛的应用。

努氏硬度（HK）通常以不超过1kgf的试验力，将细长的金刚石椎体压入被测材料表面。

压痕则应用精密显微镜或高分辨率的USB摄像头来进行视频观测及测量。

600x的放大倍数是最常见的。

布氏硬度（HB）以1 - 3000kgf的试验力，将直径分别为1, 2.5, 5或10mm的硬质合金球或碳化钢球压入被测材料表面。

相对大的压痕则应用显微镜或USB摄像头来进行视频观测及测量。

里氏硬度（HL）（回弹方式）便携式硬度测试。

它是用一定质量的装有碳化钨球头的冲击体，在一定弹簧弹力的作用下冲击试件表面，这种冲击力使被测材料表面产生了塑性变形，形成了一个压痕,随之冲击体失去了原有的速度（或能量）。

因此，被测材料越柔软，冲击体在回弹过程中失去的速度就越多。

里氏硬度可以应用于多种零件，需要遵守的测试要求也很少。

超声波硬度测试（UCI）便携式硬度测试。

一个维氏形状的金刚石压头固定在一个震荡棒上，以一定的力值加于被测材料表面，然后根据超音波振动，分析它的阻尼效应，从而测量材料的硬度值。