第3章 练习答案 名词的抽象和具体译法
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英汉翻译基础教程练习答案汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配1. a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。
第一章测试1.下列哪一项不属于英语静态体现的方法?A:动词(词组) 充当句子各种成分B:用名词代替形容词,构成标题式短语(名词连用和复合名词)C:动词的弱化与虚化D:用形容词或副词表达动词意义答案:A2.汉语遵循“从总述到分述”的顺序模式,英语则相反。
A:错B:对答案:A3. A country comes to the end when its government goes to corruption.这个句子体现了哪种英语结构顺序?A:从主观到客观B:从分述到总述C:从客观到主观D:从总述到分述答案:A4.在下列因素里,哪些因素导致译者翻译英文需花费较多时间选择恰当的词义。
A:词义的引申和扩展B:文化的因素C:一词多义D:词的结构答案:ABC5.翻译中需要考虑的因素有哪些?A:情感色彩B:文化因素C:修辞D:作品产生的时代背景答案:ABCD6.下列哪些模式适用于英语表达A:焦点后置模式B:焦点前置模式C:上下主从层级模式D:空间顺序模式答案:BCD7.下列哪一选项最符合翻译过程中迁就目标语表达模式?答案:C8.以下哪些句子体现了增词翻译原则中的修辞性增词:A:At thirty-five, she had first learned what it is to be a mother. “她到35岁的时候才生平第一次尝到做母亲的滋味。
”B:There has been too much publicity about the case. “那件案子已经搞得满城风雨,人尽皆知了。
”C:We couldn’t count on his rationality. “我们不能指望他会讲道理。
”D:A. “Sesame street” is popular among children. “芝麻街少儿频道再儿童中很受欢迎。
”答案:AB9.英语表达中,动词地位不平等是客观存在的事实,主要体现在A:过去分词结构B:不定式结构C:现在分词结构D:无动词结构答案:ABCD10.汉语结构中主语缺失是一种十分普遍的现象,而英语中是不允许存在的。
第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68)粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves)海阔天空to talk with random(with a vast sea and boundless sky)灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine)纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold)单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse)赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart)无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole)扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath)开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain)大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums)风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking)二.翻译下列句子(1)这是他们夫妻之间的事情,你去插一脚干吗?That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? (2)别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全,真是个顺风耳啊!You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families。
汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配1. a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配。
Unit 3. Translation Techniques of Words and Expressions 词法翻译(1)OverviewSkill:ExtensionOutline of this unit1. Frequent cases in word translation 词法翻译的四种情况2. Steps in word translation 四步法3. Extension 引申翻译(由具体到抽象;由抽象到具体)Frequent cases in word translation 词法翻译的四种情况单词翻译的最基本要求是无错。
四种常见情况:(1)已知无疑(2)已知有疑(3)未知已有(4)未知未有(1)已知无疑遇到的单词或表达是自己知道的,而且把自己知道的译法用在当前句子中很合适。
I didn‟t have breakfast this morning.已经知道I是…我‟,breakfast是…早饭‟,this morning是…今天早上‟。
全句翻译为:(2)已知有疑句中的单词是认识的,但是知道的译法在当前句子中感觉不太对。
We need to consider the economics of climate change.句中的economics,一般作为…经济学‟解释。
但这样译语意不通畅:?我们需要考虑气候变化的经济学。
第二个环节往往出错最多。
原因:一、虽然知道的词义不合适,但似乎勉强可以,于是没有去查阅工具书;二、明知不合适,但又不去查。
(3)未知已有单词是生词,经过查阅工具书,解决了问题。
这里的关键是以最快的方式找到合适的译法。
(稍后和第2点一起分析。
)(4)未知未有这种情况指工具书上查不到的单词。
这种情况不做详细探讨;实际工作中,可以向专业人士请教。
…自我开脱‟是翻译不当的原因之一。
这种误区往往是不良习惯造成的,几乎是根深蒂固。
比如不会或不清楚的地方留给老师去改。
要想单词无错翻译就要尽快树立“最后一关”的概念。
高考英语语法填空名词的抽象与具体用法练习题30题1.The beauty of nature is beyond description. Here “beauty” is used in its ______ sense.A.abstractB.concreteC.specificD.particular答案:A。
“beauty”在这里表示自然之美,是抽象概念,所以用抽象意义。
选项B“concrete”表示具体的;选项C“specific”表示特定的;选项D“particular”表示特别的,都不符合题意。
2.In the novel, the author vividly describes the hero's courage. “courage” here is in its ______ form.A.abstractB.concreteC.actualD.real答案:A。
“courage”勇气是抽象名词,在这里用抽象形式。
选项B“concrete”具体的;选项C“actual”实际的;选项D“real”真实的,都不合适。
3.The book is full of wisdom. “wisdom” in this sentence is an ______ noun.A.abstractB.concreteC.practicaleful答案:A。
“wisdom”智慧是抽象名词。
选项B“concrete”具体的;选项C“practical”实用的;选项D“useful”有用的,均不符合。
4.The artist's creativity is highly praised. “creativity” is an ______ concept.A.abstractB.concreteC.realD.actual答案:A。
“creativity”创造力是抽象概念。
选项B“concrete”具体的;选项C“real”真实的;选项D“actual”实际的,都不正确。
高考英语语法填空名词的抽象与具体用法练习题50题(答案解析)1.He has a great love for music.Love is a/an_____noun.A.abstractB.concrete答案解析:A。
“love”表示“爱”,是抽象名词。
选项A“abstract”意为抽象的;选项B“concrete”意为具体的。
这里“love”不是一个可以看得见摸得着的具体事物,所以是抽象名词,选A。
高考考点:抽象名词和具体名词的区分。
语法规则:抽象名词通常表示概念、情感等无法直接感知的事物。
2.She bought a bunch of beautiful flowers.Flowers are_____nouns.A.abstractB.concrete答案解析:B。
“flowers”表示“花”,是具体名词。
选项A“abstract”意为抽象的;选项B“concrete”意为具体的。
“花”是可以看得见摸得着的具体事物,所以是具体名词,选B。
高考考点:抽象名词和具体名词的区分。
语法规则:具体名词通常表示具体的人或事物。
3.His courage in the face of danger was remarkable.Courage is a/an_____noun.A.abstractB.concrete答案解析:A。
“courage”表示“勇气”,是抽象名词。
选项A“abstract”意为抽象的;选项B“concrete”意为具体的。
“勇气”不是一个可以看得见摸得着的具体事物,所以是抽象名词,选A。
高考考点:抽象名词和具体名词的区分。
语法规则:抽象名词通常表示概念、情感等无法直接感知的事物。
4.She sat on a chair and read a book.Chair is a/an_____noun.A.abstractB.concrete答案解析:B。
“chair”表示“椅子”,是具体名词。
高考英语语法填空名词的抽象与具体用法练习题50题含答案解析1.He bought a new _____.A.carB.bikeC.shipD.plane答案解析:A。
本题考查名词的具体用法。
选项B“bike”通常是两轮的交通工具;选项C“ship”一般指较大的船只,用于海上运输;选项D“plane”是飞机。
而在日常生活中,“bought a new”后面跟“car”比较常见,更符合一般人购买新交通工具的情况。
2.She has a beautiful _____.A.dressB.skirtC.blouseD.shirt答案解析:A。
选项B“skirt”通常指半身裙;选项C“blouse”是女式衬衫;选项D“shirt”是衬衫,一般男女通用。
“beautiful”修饰“dress”更能体现整体的美感,在日常生活中也比较常见用“beautiful”来形容“dress”。
3.He is reading a _____ now.A.bookB.newspaperC.magazineD.novel答案解析:A。
“reading a”后面跟“book”最为常见和通用。
“newspaper”通常是看报纸,用“read the newspaper”;“magazine”是杂志;“novel”是小说。
在这个语境中,“reading a”后面跟“book”更符合一般表达。
4.She put some flowers in a _____.A.vaseB.bowlC.cupD.glass答案解析:A。
“put some flowers in”后面通常跟“vase”,即花瓶。
“bowl”是碗;“cup”是杯子;“glass”是玻璃杯。
这几个选项都不太适合用来放花。
5.He is writing with a _____.A.penB.pencilC.crayonD.chalk答案解析:A。
“writing with”后面跟“pen”比较常见。
高考英语语法填空名词的抽象与具体用法练习题50题答案解析版1. Success is not measured by wealth but by _____.A.happinessB.moneyC.powerD.fame答案解析:A。
本题考查抽象名词的用法。
成功不是由财富衡量,而是由幸福衡量。
B 选项money( 钱)、C 选项power( 权力)、D 选项fame( 名声)都比较偏向物质或外在的东西,而happiness( 幸福)是一种抽象的感受,更符合题意。
2. His kindness is an example of true _____.A.generosityB.honestyC.virtueD.beauty答案解析:C。
kindness( 善良)是一种美德,virtue( 美德)与之呼应。
A 选项generosity(慷慨)、B 选项honesty(诚实)、D 选项beauty 美丽)与kindness 的关联性不如virtue 紧密。
3. She has a great love for _____.A.musicB.paintingC.dancingD.literature答案解析:A。
love for 后面接抽象名词比较合适,music( 音乐)是抽象的艺术形式。
B 选项painting( 绘画)、C 选项dancing( 舞蹈)、D 选项literature(文学)虽然也有抽象的一面,但不如music 纯粹抽象。
4. His courage in the face of danger is a sign of great _____.A.strengthB.braveryC.wisdomD.confidence答案解析:B。
面对危险时的勇气是勇敢的表现。
A 选项strength 力量)、C 选项wisdom 智慧)、D 选项confidence 自信)与courage 勇气)在这个语境中的关联不如bravery 勇敢)紧密。
高考英语语法填空名词的抽象与具体用法练习题30题(带答案)1. In the novel, the author vividly describes the hero's pursuit of _____.A.successB.succeedC.successfulD.successfully答案解析:A。
“success”是抽象名词,表示成功;“succeed”是动词;“successful”是形容词;“successfully”是副词。
本题中“pursuit of”后接名词,且这里指的是抽象的成功概念,所以选A。
2. The scientist's discovery brought great _____ to the field of medicine.A.advanceB.advancementC.advancedD.advancing答案解析:B。
“advancement”是抽象名词,表示进步;“advance”可作动词和名词,但这里作为名词时更倾向于具体的前进动作;“advanced”是形容词;“advancing”是动词的现在分词形式。
本题强调在医学领域带来的抽象的进步,所以选B。
3. The athlete's determination and hard work led to his _____ in the competition.A.victoryB.victoriousC.victorD.victoriously答案解析:A。
“victory”是抽象名词,表示胜利;“victorious”是形容词;“victor”是具体的胜利者;“victoriously”是副词。
本题指的是抽象的胜利,所以选A。
4. The artist's work is full of _____ and imagination.A.creativeB.creativityC.creativelyD.create答案解析:B。
人教版高考英语语法填空名词的抽象与具体用法练习题30题1.He showed great courage in the face of danger. Courage here is _.A.abstractB.concrete答案解析:A。
“courage”在这里表示“勇气”,是抽象名词。
B 选项“concrete”是“具体的”意思,不符合“courage”的性质。
2.She has a lot of knowledge about history. Knowledge here is _.A.abstractB.concrete答案解析:A。
“knowledge”表示“知识”,是抽象名词。
B 选项“concrete”是“具体的”意思,“knowledge”不是具体的事物。
3.The book is full of useful information. Information here is _.A.abstractB.concrete答案解析:A。
“information”表示“信息”,是抽象名词。
B 选项“concrete”是“具体的”意思,“information”不是具体的物品。
4.He has a strong sense of responsibility. Responsibility here is _.A.abstractB.concrete答案解析:A。
“responsibility”表示“责任”,是抽象名词。
B 选项“concrete”是“具体的”意思,“responsibility”不是具体的东西。
5.She has a good memory for faces. Memory here is _.A.abstractB.concrete答案解析:A。
“memory”在这里表示“记忆力”,是抽象名词。
B 选项“concrete”是“具体的”意思,“memory”作为“记忆力”不是具体的事物。
第三章名词的抽象和具体译法
第一节名词的抽象译法
一、翻译下列词语。
1. clean hands
2. six of one and half a dozen of the other
3. a drop in the ocean
4. castle in the air
5. far-sightedness
6. a gentleman's agreement
7. rain cats and dogs
8. as poor as a church mouse
9. touchstone
10. butter sb. Up
二、翻译下列句子,注意画线部分名词的抽象译法。
1. With his tardiness, carelessness and appalling good humor, we were sorely perplexed.
2. No news is good news.
3. Their optimism moved us greatly.
4. At present, the business in our company is turning for the better.
5. Their enthusiasm is being constantly heightened by China's socialist industrialization and its achievement.
6. Now birth control has become a possibility.
7. They admitted the greatness of Milton as a poet, but denied his goodness as a man.
8. I am sorry for the rudeness of his behavior toward you.
9. We should dare to combat indiscipline and inefficiency.
10. During the talks, their discussion has been centered around protection of intellectual property rights.
笫二节名词的具体译法
一、运用具体译法翻译下列词语和句子。
1.as tall as Maypole
2. a piece of cake
3. a capital knife and fork
4. bread and butter
5.bread and cheese
6. The proof of the pudding is in the eating
7. He was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.
二、翻译下列词语或句子,注意象声词的具体译法。
1. the clicker-clack of the leather shoes
2. the clangor of the gong
3. the tick-tack of the watch
4. the rumbling (rolling) of the thunder
5. the squeaking of the radi0
6. the thumping of the bus
7. the clatter of mahjong
8. the jingle of the door bell
9. The bird-song and the babbling of the streams danced lightly in the spring breeze.
10. All was quiet in and out of the house except for some people snoring, the horses chewing
mash, and the geese cackling at intervals.。