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2022年考研考博-考博英语-首都师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题By （）computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him two thousand dollars.问题1选项A.coarseB.rudeC.crudeD.rough【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
coarse “粗糙的”；rude “粗鲁的，无礼的”；crude “粗糙的，天然的”；rough “粗略的，艰苦的”。
句意：通过粗略估算，他估计房子的整修将花费两千美元。
D项符合句意，答案D2.单选题Some scientists are dubious of the claim that organisms （）with age as an inevitable outcome of living.问题1选项A.depressB.defaultC.deteriorateD.degrade【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
depress “压抑，使沮丧”；default“不履行，拖欠”；deteriorate “恶化，变坏”；degrade“退化，使…降级”。
句意：有机物随时间流逝而退化，这也是生命不可避免的结果，一些科学家对此表示怀疑。
D项符合题意，答案D3.单选题We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be （）and go another day.问题1选项A.reliableB.probableC.feasibleD.flexible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
reliable“可靠的”；probable“很可能的”；feasible “可行的”；flexible “灵活的，柔韧的”。
句意：我们已经安排好周五去看电影，但是我们也可以看情况改天去。
考博英语翻译练习题及答案考博英语翻译练习题及答案在学习、工作中，我们总免不了要接触或使用练习题，通过这些形形色色的习题，使得我们得以有机会认识事物的方方面面，认识概括化图式多样化的具体变式，从而使我们对原理和规律的认识更加的深入。
什么样的习题才是好习题呢？以下是小编精心整理的考博英语翻译练习题及答案，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。
考博英语翻译练习题及答案1考博英语翻译练习：三峡考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多均有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整顿了某些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。
三峡，是万里长江一段风景壮丽的大峡谷，为中国十大风景名胜之一。
它西起四川省奉节县的白帝城，向东延伸至湖北省宜昌市的`南津关，由瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡构成，全长192公里。
长江三峡，无限风光。
瞿塘峡的雄伟，巫峡的秀丽，西陵峡的险峻，尚有三段峡谷的大宁河、香溪、神农溪的古朴，并伴伴随许多漂亮的神话和感人的传说，令人心驰神往。
译文参照：The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges is a great valley with the mostsplendid landscape on the Yangtze (Changjiang) River and also one of the ten most famous scenic sites of China.It extends from White King Town in Fengjie County,Sichuan Province,to Nanjin Pass in Yichang,Hubei Province, and consists of Qutang Gorge,Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge,with a full length of 192 kilometers.The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges presents a scene of boundless varieties with the magnificence of Qutang Gorge,the elegance of Wu Gorge,the perilousness of Xiling Gorgeas well as the primitive simplicity of Daning,Xiang and Shennong Rivers.And what’s more,each scene is related to a wonderful fairy tale or a moving legend which attract people.点拨：三峡 the Yangtze Rive r’s Three Gorges壮丽 splendid延伸 extend白帝城 White King Town由…构成 consist of瞿塘峡 Qutang Gorge巫峡 Wu Gorge西陵峡 Xiling Gorge险峻 perilousness 古朴 primitive simplicity神话 fairy tale感人的 moving考博英语翻译练习题及答案2考博英语翻译练习：思乡情考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多均有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整顿了某些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I have never laid（）to being an expert in this field.问题1选项A.reclaimB.exclamationC.affirmationD.claim【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。
lay claim to “声称……的权力，自称有知识等”。
句意：我从不认为自己是这个领域的专家。
结合句意，故D为正确答案。
2.单选题The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods. For this reason scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their “ticking”. This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example: vibrates or “ticks” 24 billion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astronomical observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this Atomichron is a cesium atom that -vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein’s relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18, 000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time reading to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similar model. Whatever differences developed would be checked against the differences predicted.1.Scientists expect that the atomic clock will be（）.2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?3.It could be inferred from the passage that（）.4.The word “vibration” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to（）.5.Which of the following can best summarize the passage?问题1选项A.absolutely accurateB.more precise.C.heat-resistantD.different in vibration问题2选项A.Temperature changes affect the vibration rate of ammonia molecules.B.The rate of vibration of an atom does not vary.C.Einstein’s relativity theories are based on the vibration of atoms.D.Temperature changes may affect the speed at which atoms travel.问题3选项A.precise timekeeping is not possible at allB.scientists expect to disprove Einstein's relativity theoriesC.atomic clocks will be important in space flightD.clock in motion and a dock at rest keep time differently.问题4选项A.pulseB.precisionC.movementD.accuracy问题5选项A.Peacetime use of the atomsB.Atoms and moleculesC.The satellite timekeepersD.The role of the clock in the astronomy【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.填空题Directions: Blow is passage from a guide giving advice to foreign nationals living in Britain. Read the passage then fill in each gap with ONE word from the box below the passage. Write your answers in the spaces on ANSWEER SHEET. The first one has been done as an example. Losing your passportIf something has happened to your passport, inform your embassy at once and ask them to tell you all the documents that you will need to produce to be (Example) with a new one. This is most important because some embassies require extensive documentary proof of nationality, as well as proof of identity, such as driving license, or credit cards. So take care that you are not wasting time and money when you can least 66 either. If your passport has been lost or stolen, your embassy will want you to report the incident to the police as soon as possible. When you do so, ask for the police reference number of your case as many of the embassies find this useful in following up your 67__.Similarly, take your passport number with you to the embassy, as this will accelerate your case. The size and number of the photographs that you will need will 68 on your embassy, and some may even recommend a photographer, You should also confirm with embassy officials how much you will have to pay and also in what 69 it is to be paid.Some of the embassies are prepared to issue on-the-spot emergency passports, requiring no more than your oath to claim your 70__, but as a precaution you should investigate the requirements before you are actually forced to make an emergency request.【答案】66.afford67.claim68.depend69.currency70.identity【解析】66.从前面的情态动词can可知，此处应该填入一个动词；根据…take care that you are not wasting time and money（注意不要浪费时间和金钱）得出，这里应该填入一个可以和time和money搭配的动词，因此afford最合适，表示“给予，提供，买得起”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Translate the following into Chinese.Before you got the idea that economics is relevant only for politics or businesses, we should mention that economics focuses on all the choices people make and the personal and social consequences of these choices.We believe that when you finish this book, you will join us in the view that the economic way of thinking offers valuable insight into our everyday interactions with one another —producing, consuming, voting and striving for the good life.One seemed to know little about the book, but a great many people knew apparently that "Peggy" was at work on something and that was enough to bring cordial, even insistent, recommendation to their lips.Making a movie costs much more than cutting an album. So as the world become richer, the relative market share of Hollywood movies will probable fall more than the relative market share of American popular music.It is very difficult to agree on the price for shares to be bought because the purchasing party will lack the necessary information as to the financial status and other characteristics of the share- issuing corporation, and because the net value of the shares will change constantly from the date of the agreement to the date of closing.【答案】在你认为经济学只与政治或企业相关之前，我们应该指出，经济学关注的是人们所做的所有选择，以及这些选择对个人和社会的影响。
江西财经大学考博英语翻译真题及其解析1.1997年英译汉试题及参考译文：Do animals have rights?This is how the question is usually put.It sounds like a useful，ground-clearing way to start.（71）Actually，it isnt，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights，to be sure，it necessarily follows that animals have none.72）Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.Therefore，animals cannot have rights.The idea of Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd，for exactly the same reason，so is the idea that tigers have ringhts.However，this is only one account，and by no means an uncontested one.It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people―for instance，to infants，the mentally incapable and future generations.In addition，it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it:how do you reply to somebody who saysI dont like this contract?The point is this without agreement on the rights of people，arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.（73）It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset:it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.This is a falsechoice.Better to start with another，more fundamental question:is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it.（74）Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake―a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view，which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood，may seem bravelylogical.In fact it is simply shallow:the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl―is to weigh others interests against one s own.This in turn requires sympathy and imagination:without which there is no capacity for moral thought.To see an animal in pain is enough，for most，to engage sympathy.（75）When that happens，it is not a mistake:it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.1997年英译汉试题参考译文:动物有权力吗?问题通常就是这样提出的。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题He ______ to his roommate for being so rude yesterday.问题1选项A.apologizedB.dissolvedC.worriedD.doubted【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项apologized“道歉”；B选项dissolved“溶解；解散（(组织或机构)”；C选项worried“担心”；D选项doubted“怀疑”。
句意：他昨天太粗鲁了，所以向室友______。
根据语境，因为粗鲁而道歉比较合理，A选项apologized“道歉”符合题意。
因此A选项正确。
2.单选题A ______ change in policy is needed if relations are ever to improve.问题1选项A.strictB.wideC.everD.radical 【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。
A选项strict“严格的”；B选项wide“广阔的”；C选项ever“永远”，副词，不修饰名词；D选项radical“彻底的”。
句意：要想改善两国关系，就必须______改变政策。
根据语境，D选项radical“彻底的”搭配change比较合理，指的是要改变关系就要在政策上改变。
因此D选项正确。
3.单选题His debts had to be ______ after he committed suicide with his rifle.问题1选项id offB.written offC.turned offD.put off【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。
A选项laid off“下岗，解雇”；B选项written off“一笔勾销；注销”；C选项turned off“关闭”；D选项put off“推迟”。
考博英语summary作文及翻译部分博士研究生招生院校考博英语题型中作文部分要求学生写200字左右英文摘要即summary，对于很多没有接触过的考试感到无从下笔，下面新东方在线考博频道将为大家详细介绍2017考博英语作文摘要的写作步骤。
摘要写作(summary writing)是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。
另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。
这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。
因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。
考博英语作文摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。
它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。
写摘要主要包括三个步骤：(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。
第一步：阅读A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。
如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。
阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
B.给摘要起一个标题。
用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。
也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。
一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。
C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。
对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。
第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。
摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。
B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。
不要引用原文的句子。
C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。
这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。
D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。
中科院考博英语翻译题型介绍中国科学院考博博士研究生的英语教学重点强调了英语知识的应用能力，培养学生以英语为工具，熟练地进行专业的研究，并能进行专业的学术交流。
翻译是体现英语水平程度最直观的部分，也是英语应用能力中综合性较强的部分。
中科院博士生英语入学考试翻译部分一般是段落翻译、篇章翻译，或给出一篇包含若干划线句的文章，要求考生根据全文意思将划线句译出，主要分为英译汉和汉译英两种考查形式。
在各大考博英语试题中，华慧考博英语教研中心针对中科院考博英语翻译来讲，翻译题型约占总分的20-30%。
有的院校会采用这两种题型考查考生的英语水平，有的则只会选择其中一种形式，具体的翻译题型可以是整段翻译或者划线翻译。
下面华慧考博就这两种形式作一个介绍和讲解。
1）英译汉英译汉通常是一般性或科学常识性的论述文。
它的基本要求是：译文要忠实原文，且符合汉语表达习惯。
考查内容中主要涉及到篇章的整体把握，长难句式的分析，以及个别词语和短语的翻译。
下面华慧考博英语教研中心以一个段落来感受一下英译汉的翻译形式。
E.g: Through all of our history we have pondered the stars and mused whether humanity is unique or if, somewhere else in the dark of the night sky, there are other beings who contemplate and wonder as we do, fellow thinkers in the cosmos. Such beings might view themselves and the universe differently.There might be very exotic biologies and technologies and societies. In a cosmic setting vast and old beyond ordinary human understanding, we are a little lonely, and we ponder the ultimate significance, if any, of our tiny but exquisite blue planet.The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is the search for a generally acceptable cosmic context for the human species.贯穿我们整个历史，我们一直在考察星星，思考人类是否是唯一的高级生命，还是也许在黑暗的夜空某一处，还有其他生命，宇宙中同辈思想家，也和我们一样在思考和在怀疑。
2004 答案1.英译汉第一次世界大战和经济大萧条迫使人们不得不重新冷静地评价来势迅猛的技术大爆炸。
一种思想派别——技术确定主义认为，现代社会再也不是19世纪及20世纪初期的工业年头了。
他们说，后工业时代社会已经成为一种现实。
先进电子技术所带来的困难的社会技术网络已经使国家的政府机构，资本主义性质的公司和人口拥挤的城市失去原有的作用。
2.汉译英Moon gazing is an ancient art. To prehistoric hunters their understanding of the moon overhead was a unerring as heartbeat. They knew that every 29 days it became full-bellied and brilliant, then sickened and died, and then was the reborn. They knew that the waxing moon appeared larger and higher overhead after each succeeding sunset while the waning moon rose later each night until it vanished in the sunrise.2003 答案1.英译汉：如今，城市化比以前任何时候都更有影响。
它是世界性的，到处都可以感受到它的影响。
结合国的统计数字说明，在约30年的时间里，全世界过半的人口将住在城市里。
这是个具有深远意义的转变，或许是人类史的一个重要里程碑并将以如今无法想象的方式去影响着人类和大自然。
整个人类的定居史都与地形学和资源有着亲密的联络。
直到几个世纪之前，人类定居形式还是主要由农业、渔业、采矿业、水利和国防而定。
城镇和村落相继开展成了商业和市场中心，效劳于落后地区。
反译：
1．肯定—否定：
1）Such a chance was denied to me.
2）Time is what we want most, but what, alas, many use worst.
3）I have read your article. I expect to meet an older man. 2.否定—肯定：
1）Don’t lose time in posting this letter
2）Such flight couldn’t long escape notice.
3）All the articles are untouchable in the museum
3.否定的陷阱
1)not。
because
In that country, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews
2)cannot。
too
You cannot be too careful in proofreading.
3)all / every。
not
No, everything is not straightened out.
4)both。
not
But you see, we both cannot go.
5)for all。
You may leave at once for all I care.
特殊表达法：
1．She is in the way here
2．She got a diamond ring under the counter.
3．Ned has a weakness for wine.
4．Buddy had very few friends, who smoked.
5．I didn’t know that the fellow was a cool hand.
定语从句
1．合并法
Pollution is a pressing problem, which we must deal with.
2.分译法
They are striving for the ideal, which is close to the heart of every Chinese, and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
3.混合自译
There were men in that crowd who had stood there everyday for a month.
4.状语功能定语从句
1）The diode is coated with a thin layer of hard glass, which eliminates the need for a sealed package. (结果)
2）We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more
rays than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. (原因)
3）Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man. (让步)
4）For any machine whose input and output forces are known, its mechanical advantage can be calculated. (条件)
6)I’ll try to get an illustrated dictionary dealing with technical
glossary, which will enable me to translate scientific literature more exactly. (目的)
长句翻译
Traditionally, the woman has held a low position in marriage partnerships. While her husband went his way she had to wash, stitch and sew. Today the move is to liberate the women, which may in the end strengthen the marriage union. Perhaps the greatest obstacle to friendship in marriage is the amount a couple usually sees of each other. Friendship in its usual sense is not tested by the strain of daily, yearlong cohabitation. Couples need to take up separate interests (and friendship) as well as mutually shared once, if they are not to get used to the more attractive elements of each other’s personalities. Married couples are likely to exert themselves for guests——being amusing, discussing with passion and point——and then to fall into dull exhausted silence
when the guests have gone.。
