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有关s u m m a r y的写作技巧Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】Summary的写法1一、概括原文（一）阅读1.读懂文章读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。
认真阅读给定的原文材料。
如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。
阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
2.拆分文章按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。
尽量简短，精炼。
段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。
有时也会变态的在当中。
3.概括主旨写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。
（二）基本结构和技巧1.重新拟定标题给summary起一个标题。
用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。
也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
2.阐述观点摘要应全部用自己的话完成。
不要引用原文的句子。
写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是theauthor…….）。
接着写出要阐述的main ideas（主要观点）和supporting points （对主要观点的支持）。
3.词汇运用注意概述的coherence（连贯性），运用好transition words（过渡词）, like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc.4.删除细节只保留主要观点。
5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
6.把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
“ He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”“His courage in battle might without exag geration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
summary的写法summar y的写法 1.读懂文章读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。
认真阅读给定的原文材料。
如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。
阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
拆分文章按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。
尽量简短，精炼。
段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。
有时也会变态的在当中。
3.概括主旨写出文章的t hesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。
（二）基本结构和技巧1.重新拟定标题给s ummar起一个标题。
用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。
也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
阐述观点摘要应全部用自己的话完成。
不要引用原文的句子。
写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是t he autho r…….）。
接着写出要阐述的ma in ideas（主要观点）和s upportin g points（对主要观点的支持）。
3.词汇运用注意概述的oher ene（连贯性），运用好tran sition o rds（过渡词）,like h oever, f urthermo re, none theless,besides, theref ore et.4.删除细节只保留主要观点。
5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
“ H e as har d up for mone an d as bei ng press ed b his reditor.”可以概括为：“He as in f inanialdiffiult ies.”“H is ourag e in bat tle migh t ithout exagger ation bealled l ion-like.”可以概括为：”Heas ver b rave inbattle.”“He as h ard up f or moneand as b eing pre ssed b h is redit or.”可以概括为：“H e as infinanial diffiul ties.”6)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
考博英语summary作文及翻译部分博士研究生招生院校考博英语题型中作文部分要求学生写200字左右英文摘要即summary，对于很多没有接触过的考试感到无从下笔，下面新东方在线考博频道将为大家详细介绍2017考博英语作文摘要的写作步骤。
摘要写作(summary writing)是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。
另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。
这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。
因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。
考博英语作文摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。
它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。
写摘要主要包括三个步骤：(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。
第一步：阅读A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。
如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。
阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
B.给摘要起一个标题。
用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。
也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。
一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。
C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。
对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。
第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。
摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。
B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。
不要引用原文的句子。
C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。
这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。
D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。
英语summary万能模板一、引言在学习英语过程中，经常会遇到阅读材料并写摘要的情况。
写好一篇英语summary对于提高阅读能力、加强语言表达能力都很重要。
本文将为大家提供一个万能的英语summary模板，帮助大家写出高质量的摘要。
二、模板结构一个好的英语summary应当具备清晰的结构，包括以下几个部分：1. 摘要开头在摘要的开头，可以简要介绍文章的主题、作者、出版时间等关键信息。
同时，通过一个简洁的句子引出文章的主要内容。
2. 摘要主体在摘要的主体部分，可以分几个段落来概括文章的主要观点和论据。
尽量用简洁的语言表达，不要使用细节丰富的描述。
3. 摘要结尾在摘要的结尾，可以总结文章的主要观点，并提出自己的看法。
也可以指出文章的不足之处或者下一步的研究方向。
三、模板示例文章标题：The Benefits of Regular Exercise on Mental Health引言This article discusses the benefits of regular exercise on mental health. It was written by John Smith and published in The Health Journal in 2020.摘要主体The article begins by highlighting the fact that regular exercise has numerous benefits for mental health. It boosts mood and reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression. The author cites a study conducted on a sample of 500 individuals who engaged in regular exercise for at least 30 minutes a day. The study found that these individuals reported fewer symptoms of depression compared to those who did not exercise regularly.Furthermore, the article emphasizes the role of exercise in stress reduction. Exercise releases endorphins in the body, which are natural mood enhancers. Therelease of endorphins during exercise helps to reduce stress and promote a sense of well-being. The author also explains that exercise can improve cognitive function and boost memory and concentration.The article also discusses the impact of exercise on sleep quality. Regular exercise helps regulate sleep patterns and can improve the quality of sleep. The author cites a study conducted on individuals with insomnia, where exercise was found to be an effective intervention in improving sleep quality.摘要结尾In conclusion, the article highlights the positive effects of regular exercise on mental health. It provides evidence that exercise can improve mood, reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression, reduce stress, improve cognitive function, and enhance sleep quality. It is recommended that individuals incorporate regular exercise into their daily routines to reap these mental health benefits.四、总结通过使用以上的万能summary模板，我们可以更加轻松地写出高质量的英语摘要。
SUMMARY的最常见格式是总分总.开头笼统的介绍以下,给读者一个大概的概念，然后分段总结这个你好总结的东东的各个方面。
关键看你要写多少字，概括的是什么,再决定中间这部分是分小段还是一大段内,分开概括。
最后就是总结了。
有的时候你会感觉总结和开篇介绍很相似,确实是这样，但是总结只是更近一步的对这个事物进行了概括.这个时候，读者就应该对你所总结的事物有一种整体上的认识了.一段好的摘要必须包括main idea和supporting details.main idea说明文章的主旨,作者主要诉说的故事是关于什么？supporting details则帮助发展或说明主题。
如何写英文摘要英文摘要如何写如何写摘要一、概述文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。
美国人称摘要为“Abstract”，而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。
通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数,包括摘要部分不超过1万字.而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。
因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。
论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。
国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字—500字。
而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。
摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨.语言上要求尽量简炼.摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写.科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间,使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容.书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。
摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文,使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。
写摘要时,最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词.摘要分陈述性的(Deｓｃｒｉｐｔive）和资料性的(Informational）两类。
陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题,不介绍内容。
资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容. 它可以包括三个组成部分①点明主题,解析文章或书籍的目的或意图；②介绍主要内容,使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌；③提出结论或建议,以供读者参考.二、常见句型1）This paper deals with.。
概要的写法（How to write a summary）Like outlining, summarizing unfamiliar or difficult information is an excellent way to learn from your reading and remember what you have read. Summarizing a reading gives you its essence(精髓). When you summarize a text, you handle the ideas and information not as the author did, but in your own way, in your own words.Writinga good summary is a test of intelligence and persistence, difficult but extraordinarily satisfying. When you finish a coherent (连贯的)summary, you know that you have mastered new material, reduced （简化）it to its essentials, and made it your own. Since summarizing is time-consuming and challenging, you should reserve it for material that is unusually hard to understand, perhaps material on which you will be tested or material about which you must write convincingly. Here is a plan which will help you summarize:1.Read and reread the material, annotating（注释）as you go. At this stage you are trying tobecome thoroughly familiar with the material.2.Identify the main ideas, either by making a scratch （简单的）outline or by underlining themain ideas.3.Write a summary that includes only the main ideas, not illustrations or examples orquotations, and make sure that it is coherent and reads smoothly.4.Although your summary will rely on key terms and concepts in the material, it must bestated entirely in your own words.There is no exact formula about how long a summary should be in relation to the original. Some readings are dense with new concepts, while others intersperse concepts with quotations, charts and tables, and illustrations. A summary should be long enough to present the main ideas coherently.Summary of Unit 3, Text A Public Attitude towards ScienceIn this text, Stephen Hawking convinced us that though some people assume that life in the past might be simpler or more enjoyable, as a matter of fact, modern science and technology bring us tremendous conveniences which have greatly improved the quality of our lives. Hawking further pointed out that even if some people want to go back to an early age, it is impossible to put the clock back. Because the development of human society, the force of competition and human initiative and inquiry won’t let it do.Since we accept the fact that one cannot stop the advances of science and technology, we should make sure that they develop in the right direction. We should let the general public to make the judgment about the direction, instead of just putting them in the hands of a few experts or politicians. Therefore, it is important to let the general public to have a basic knowledge of science.School is the best place to pass the scientific knowledge. However, in school, knowledge is usually taught in a rote and dull method, without relating it to the real world.And knowledge is renewing very quickly, so there might be other ways to pass down the knowledge. Hawking thinks television is the best way to popularize the scientific knowledge to every single citizen. And only the general public have the basic understand of science,canour civilization survive.。
summary的写法Summary的写法一、概括原文阅读1.读懂文章读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。
认真阅读给定的原文材料。
如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。
阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
2.拆分文章按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。
尽量简短，精炼。
段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。
有时也会变态的在当中。
3.概括主旨写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。
基本结构和技巧1.重新拟定标题给summary起一个标题。
用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。
也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
2.阐述观点摘要应全部用自己的话完成。
不要引用原文的句子。
写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句。
接着写出要阐述的main ideas和supporting points。
3.词汇运用注意概述的coherence，运用好transition words, like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc.4.删除细节只保留主要观点。
5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
6.把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
“ He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be calledlion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
请看下面的例子：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who1never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8）使用最短的连接词。
比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, because of these, on the other hand等较长的连接词。
通常，使用分号就能够达成使用连接词的效果。
9) 文章中的第一人称说的话通常在摘要中转换成第三人称，从而把大段的对白简化，比如：Kate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul — it’s not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned:”Why on ear th not! If you didn’t have salt on your food it would taste awful… like eating cardboard or sand… just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didn’t want to quarrel with Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly:”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appre ciate any more.”可以用第三人称概括为：Kate suggested to Paul that he should eat less salt. She thought that eating too much salt would do hard to Paul’s health and that it could reduce the real tastes of food. But Paul disagreed. He said that food without salt would be tasteless.7.注意问题避免重复在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。
但是这在summary 中是不能使用的。
应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
不要把自己的观点强行添加给作者概述长度不要超过原文章的1/4不要过多照搬原作者的用词，用句。
最后检查一遍，确保文中没有语病，没有语法错误和拼写错误。
二、论文摘要摘要的基本结构和内容因为摘要本质上就是一篇高度浓缩的论文，所以其构成与论文主体的结构是对应的。
因此，摘要应包括以下内容梗概：目的：研究工作的前提、目的和任务, 所涉及的主题范围；方法：所用的理论、条件、手段等；结果结果的分析、比较、评价、应用，提出的问题，今后的课题, 假设、启发、建议、预测等；其他：不属于研究、研制、调查的主要目的，但具有重要的信息价值。
引言部分1.回顾研究背景常用词汇有：review, summarize, present, outline, describe等。
This paper outlines some of the basic disc usses about…….2.阐明写作或研究目的常用词汇有：purpose, attempt, aim等。
另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达。
例如：To investigate the mechanism of…….3.介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围常用的词汇有：study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等。
Here we study the…….This arti cle includes a brief review of………方法部分1.介绍研究过程常用词汇有：test, study, investigate, examine, experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等。
We present an analysis of …….2.说明研究或试验方法常用词汇有：measure, estimate, calculate等。
We have develope d a……model to estimate ……..This study presents estimates of……..结果部分1.展示研究结果常用词汇有：show, result, present等。
We show this cell death to be dependent upon……Our results suggest that……2.介绍结论常用词汇有：summary, introduce, conclude等。
By means of a series of examples, we conclude that……讨论部分1.陈述论文的论点和作者的观点常用词汇有：suggest, report, present, explain, expect, describe 等。
The results suggest that……In this study, we describe …….2.阐明论证常用词汇有：support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify等。
3.推荐和建议常用词汇有：suggest, suggestion, recommend, recommendation, propose, necessity, necessary, expect等。
