summary的写法

summary的‎写法summa‎r y的写法‎ 1.读懂文章‎读文章的时候，‎要养成良好的阅读‎习惯，划划写写，‎英文阅读的时候，‎用铅笔轻轻划出重‎点词汇。

认真阅‎读给定的原文材料‎。

如果一遍不能理‎解，就多读两遍。

‎阅读次数越多，你‎对原文的理解就越‎深刻。

‎拆分文章按照作‎者的思路，把文章‎分段，每个段落用‎几个词，几个短语‎概括。

尽量简短，‎精炼。

段落中心‎句，在段落的开头‎或末尾。

有时也会‎变态的在当中。

‎3.概括‎主旨写出文章的‎t hesis, ‎一句话概括文章的‎主旨。

（‎二）基本结构和技‎巧1.‎重新拟定标题给‎s ummar起一‎个标题。

用那些能‎概括文章主题思想‎的单词、短语或短‎句子作为标题。

也‎可以采用文中的主‎题句作为标题。

‎阐述观点‎摘要应全部用自‎己的话完成。

不要‎引用原文的句子。

‎写概述的时候，如‎果能够明确是他人‎写作的文章，注意‎要把作者的名字放‎在第一句（或者是‎t he auth‎o r…….）。

接‎着写出要阐述的m‎a in idea‎s（主要观点）和‎s upporti‎n g point‎s（对主要观点的‎支持）。

‎3.词汇运用‎注意概述的ohe‎r ene（连贯性‎），运用好tra‎n sition ‎o rds（过渡词‎）,like ‎h oever, ‎f urtherm‎o re, non‎e theless‎,beside‎s, there‎f ore et.‎4.删‎除细节只保留主‎要观点。

‎5.选择一至两‎个有代表性的例子‎原文中可能包括‎5个或更多的例子‎，你只需从中筛选‎一至二个例子。

‎把长句变‎成短句，把长段的‎描述变成短小、简‎单的句子。

“ ‎H e as ha‎r d up fo‎r mone a‎n d as be‎i ng pres‎s ed b hi‎s redito‎r.”可以概括‎为：“H‎e as in ‎f inanial‎diffiul‎t ies.”“‎H is oura‎g e in ba‎t tle mig‎h t ithou‎t exagge‎r ation b‎ealled ‎l ion-lik‎e.”可以概括为‎：”He‎as ver ‎b rave in‎battle.‎”“He as ‎h ard up ‎f or mone‎and as ‎b eing pr‎e ssed b ‎h is redi‎t or.”可以概‎括为：“‎H e as in‎finania‎l diffiu‎l ties.”6‎)你还可以使用‎词组代替整句或者‎从句。

专四写作summary范文(推荐20篇)（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如工作总结、工作计划、合同协议、条据文书、策划方案、句子大全、作文大全、诗词歌赋、教案资料、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays for everyone, such as work summaries, work plans, contract agreements, doctrinal documents, planning plans, complete sentences, complete compositions, poems, songs, teaching materials, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!专四写作summary范文(推荐20篇)专四写作summary范文第1篇ArticleChildren Must be Taught to Tell Right from WrongWilliam KilpatrickMany of today’s young people have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension (道德层面)to their actions.There are a number of reasons why that’s true， but none more prominent than a failed system of education that eschews (回避)teaching children the traditional moral values that bind Americans together as a society and a culture.That failed approach，called “decision-making，” was introduced in schools 25 years ago.It tells children to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong.It replaced “character education.(品格教育)” Character education didn’t ask children to reinvent the moral wheel (浪费时间重新发明早已存在的道德标准); instead，it encouraged them to practice habits of courage， justice and self-control.In the 1940s，when a character education approach prevailed，teachers worried about students chewing gum; today they worry about robbery and rape.Decision-making curriculums pose thorny (棘手的)ethicaldilemmas to students， leaving them with the impression that all morality is problematic and that all questions of right and wrong are in dispute.Youngsters are forced to question values and virtues they’ve never acquired in the first place or upon which they have only a tenuous (薄弱的)hold.The assumption behind this method is that students will arrive at good moral conclusions if only they are given the chance.But the actual result is moral confusion.For eXample， a recent national study of 1，700 siXth- to ninth-graders revealed that a majority of boys considered rape to be acceptable under certain conditions.Astoundingly，many of the girls agreed.This kind of moral illiteracy is further encouraged by values-education (价值观教育)programs that are little more than courses in self-esteem (自尊).These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won’t want to do anything wrong.But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely， that a child who has uncritical self-regard will conclude that he or she can’t do anything bad.Such naive self-acceptance results in large part from the non-directive (无指导性的)， non-judgmental (无是非观的)，as-long-as-you-feel-comfortable-with-your-choices mentality (思想)that has pervaded (渗透)public education for the last two and one-half decades.Many of today’s drug education， seX education and values-education courses are based on the same 1960s philosophy that helped fuel the eXplosion in teen drug use and seXual activity in the first place.Meanwhile， while educators are still fiddling with (胡乱摆弄)outdated “feel-good”approaches，New York，Washington， and Los Angeles are burning.Youngsters are leaving school believing that matters of right and wrong are always merely subjective.If you pass a stranger on the street and decide to murder him because you need money—if it feels right —you go with that feeling.Clearly， murder is not taught in our schools， but such a conclusion—just about any conclusion —can be reached and justified using the decision-making method.It is time to consign (寄出)the fads (风尚)of “decision-making” and “non-judgmentalism” to the ash heap of failed policies， and return to a proved method.Character education provides a much more realistic approach to moral formation.It is built on an understanding that we learn morality not by debating it but by practicing it.SampleSummary of “Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong”In his essay “Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong，”William Kilpatrick argues fervently that the “decision-making” approach to the moral education of American youth， which replaced “character education” 25 years ago，has prevented juveniles from behaving and thinking in accordance with the traditional moral principles that are fundamental to American society.According to Kilpatrick， decision-making methods instill in students a wrong belief that all norms of morality are subjective constructs with only relative truth in them and therefore can be interpreted fleXibly and even questioned.This belief deprives them of the chance to secure solid moral standards and induces misconceptions about what should be clearly right or wrong.In parallel with this inadequacy of the “decision-making”approach are the uneXpected outcomes of those values-education programs focusing on students’ self-esteem that subscribe to the “non-judgmental” mindset dominating “decision-making”curriculums.Their mistaken assumption that feeling good warrants morality eXcuses students from criticizing anddisciplining their own behaviors.Basing his conclusion on his analysis of the fundamental flaws of the decision-making approach， Kilpatrick finally proposes an immediate shift back to character education which he believes teaches morality more effectively by emphasizing practice instead of discussion.专四专八精选好课暖心助学新东方好老师手把手带学专四写作summary范文第2篇Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:Nowadays instead of hunting for jobs to work for the others，more and more college students would rather choose to start their independent business after graduation.Some people think it is a good way for them to realize their self-value.What is your idea?MY VIEW ON CLOOEGE STUDENTS’STARTING INDEPENDENT BUSINESSYou are to write in three parts.In the first part， state specifically what your view is.In the second part， support your view with several reasons.In the last part， bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.专四写作summary范文第3篇The Best Way to Stay HealthNowadays，the desire for good health is universal.Wherever you are and whatever you do，staying healthy is always important.With the improvement of our living standards， people are attaching more and more importance to their health.However，which do you think is the best way to keep healthy? Different people come up with different views: eating green food， doing outdoor eXercises or going to hospital for medical treatment frequently.As far as I am concerned， the best way to keep healthy is to develop a good quality of psychology.According to some surveys， nowadays， most patients are not physically sick but mentally ill.The burden on their shoulders is much heavier than others， so they cant step out of the shadow of depression and sadness.They need to release their spirit to the nature.Besides， if you have developed a good quality of psychology，you’ll become more sociable and thus more willing to play your part in the society.Enrolling for some keep-fit clubs or joining some travel agency， which by themselves are various versions of physical eXercise， will benefit you a lot.As a poem says， youth is not a period of time; it’s a stateof mind.Everybody wants to keep young at heart because youth is a symbol for endless energy and passion for living.Keep a good quality of mind， or keep a sense of humor， to be precise，even if you are 80， and you’ll never be old.专四写作summary范文第4篇一、提纲式作文1.对立观点式A.有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么？B.有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？C.我的看法。

实用标准文案一、概述而英文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。

美国人称摘要为“Abstract”, 。

国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”万字。

而对文章1通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过论摘要部分的字数要求则更少。

因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。

文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。

字。

而国际刊物要求所国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。

摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200 容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。

语言上要求尽量简炼。

摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。

使他科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，论文和学们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。

书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。

摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准200确地了解书籍的要义。

写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过个词。

）两类。

陈述性摘要Informational）和资料性的（摘要分陈述性的（Descriptive还应介绍文章的要资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容。

点和各个要点的主要内容。

它可以包括三个组成部分①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图；②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌；③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。

二、常见句型精彩文档．实用标准文案常见的摘要句型有：1）This paper deals with...2）This article focuses on the topics of (that,having,etc)... 3）This eassy presents knowledge that...4）This thesis discusses...5）This thesis analyzes...6）This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on ...8）This article gives an overview of...9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings. 10）This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents up to date information on...12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes...16)This eassy represents the preceedings of ...17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of ...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze..21)This paper offers the latest information regarding...精彩文档．实用标准文案22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23)This article explores...24)This paper expresses views on...25)This paper reflects the state of the art in...26)This paper explains the procedures for...27)This paper develops the theory of ...28)Thissummary怎样写好英文第一步：阅读就多读两遍。

SUMMARY的最常见格式是总分总。

开头笼统的介绍以下,给读者一个大概的概念，然后分段总结这个你好总结的东东的各个方面。

关键看你要写多少字，概括的是什么,再决定中间这部分是分小段还是一大段内，分开概括.最后就是总结了。

有的时候你会感觉总结和开篇介绍很相似，确实是这样，但是总结只是更近一步的对这个事物进行了概括.这个时候,读者就应该对你所总结的事物有一种整体上的认识了。

一段好的摘要必须包括main idea和supporting details.main idea说明文章的主旨，作者主要诉说的故事是关于什么？supporting details则帮助发展或说明主题.如何写英文摘要英文摘要如何写如何写摘要一、概述文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。

美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。

通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。

而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少.因此，写摘要时,应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。

论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上.国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。

而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字—200字.摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。

语言上要求尽量简炼。

摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。

科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要,这样可以节省读者的时间,使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容.书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面.摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。

写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。

摘要分陈述性的(Deｓｃｒｉｐｔive)和资料性的(Informational）两类.陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题,不介绍内容。

资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。

考博英语summary作文及翻译部分博士研究生招生院校考博英语题型中作文部分要求学生写200字左右英文摘要即summary，对于很多没有接触过的考试感到无从下笔，下面新东方在线考博频道将为大家详细介绍2017考博英语作文摘要的写作步骤。

摘要写作(summary writing)是一种控制性的作文形式，它能使学生通过阅读原文，吸收原文的文章结构与语言方面的长处，写出内容一致、结构近似、语言简洁的短文。

另外，对培养学生善于抓住文章重点的能力也有很大帮助，有利于他们在实际写作中避免面面俱到，事无巨细，一一罗列的不良倾向。

这种写作既要准确理解原文，又要能综合概括;既能培养欣赏能力，又能训练书面表达能力。

因此，用英文写摘要，对学习英语写作的学生来说，不失为一种切合实际的方法。

考博英语作文摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。

它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。

写摘要主要包括三个步骤：(1)阅读;(2)写作;(3)修改成文。

第一步：阅读A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。

如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。

阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。

B.给摘要起一个标题。

用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。

也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。

主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。

一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。

C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。

对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。

D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。

第二步：动手写作A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。

因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。

摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。

B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。

不要引用原文的句子。

C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。

这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。

D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。

Summary的写作技巧和常见句型2.阐述观点摘要应全部用自己的话完成。

不要引用原文的句子。

写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是the author…….）。

接着写出要阐述的main ideas（主要观点）和supporting points（对主要观点的支持）。

3.词汇运用注意概述的coherence（连贯性），运用好transition words（过渡词）, like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc.4.删除细节只保留主要观点。

5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。

6.把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。

“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。

请看下面的例子：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”可以概括为：”Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.”7) 使用概括性的名词代替具体的词，比如：“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.”可以概括为：”She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.”8）使用最短的连接词。

概要的写法（How to write a summary）Like outlining, summarizing unfamiliar or difficult information is an excellent way to learn from your reading and remember what you have read. Summarizing a reading gives you its essence(精髓). When you summarize a text, you handle the ideas and information not as the author did, but in your own way, in your own words.Writinga good summary is a test of intelligence and persistence, difficult but extraordinarily satisfying. When you finish a coherent (连贯的)summary, you know that you have mastered new material, reduced （简化）it to its essentials, and made it your own. Since summarizing is time-consuming and challenging, you should reserve it for material that is unusually hard to understand, perhaps material on which you will be tested or material about which you must write convincingly. Here is a plan which will help you summarize:1.Read and reread the material, annotating（注释）as you go. At this stage you are trying tobecome thoroughly familiar with the material.2.Identify the main ideas, either by making a scratch （简单的）outline or by underlining themain ideas.3.Write a summary that includes only the main ideas, not illustrations or examples orquotations, and make sure that it is coherent and reads smoothly.4.Although your summary will rely on key terms and concepts in the material, it must bestated entirely in your own words.There is no exact formula about how long a summary should be in relation to the original. Some readings are dense with new concepts, while others intersperse concepts with quotations, charts and tables, and illustrations. A summary should be long enough to present the main ideas coherently.Summary of Unit 3, Text A Public Attitude towards ScienceIn this text, Stephen Hawking convinced us that though some people assume that life in the past might be simpler or more enjoyable, as a matter of fact, modern science and technology bring us tremendous conveniences which have greatly improved the quality of our lives. Hawking further pointed out that even if some people want to go back to an early age, it is impossible to put the clock back. Because the development of human society, the force of competition and human initiative and inquiry won’t let it do.Since we accept the fact that one cannot stop the advances of science and technology, we should make sure that they develop in the right direction. We should let the general public to make the judgment about the direction, instead of just putting them in the hands of a few experts or politicians. Therefore, it is important to let the general public to have a basic knowledge of science.School is the best place to pass the scientific knowledge. However, in school, knowledge is usually taught in a rote and dull method, without relating it to the real world.And knowledge is renewing very quickly, so there might be other ways to pass down the knowledge. Hawking thinks television is the best way to popularize the scientific knowledge to every single citizen. And only the general public have the basic understand of science,canour civilization survive.。

S u m m a r y的写作技巧和常见句型一、概括原文（一）阅读1.读懂文章读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。

认真阅读给定的原文材料。

如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。

阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。

2.拆分文章按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。

尽量简短，精炼。

段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。

有时也会变态的在当中。

3.概括主旨写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。

（二）基本结构和技巧1.重新拟定标题给summary起一个标题。

用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。

也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。

2.阐述观点摘要应全部用自己的话完成。

不要引用原文的句子。

写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是the author…….）。

接着写出要阐述的main ideas（主要观点）和supporting points（对主要观点的支持）。

3.词汇运用注意概述的coherence（连贯性），运用好transition words（过渡词）, like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc.4.删除细节只保留主要观点。

5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。

6.把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。

“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.”　可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.”“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”　可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.”6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。