(江苏专版)2020版高考英语大二轮复习专题3阅读理解第一节细节理解题三数字计算题学案牛津译林版

第三讲　理解主旨要义——主旨大意题[学生用书P77]主旨大意题是阅读理解中难度较大的一类题目，是拉开分数差距的一个重要考查点。

因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。

文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。

此类题目可分为三大类：标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。

高考江苏卷主旨大意题题量统计考纲解读年份个数20192201822017—(1)主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。

(2)它既考查细节理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，难度较大。

(3)有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义；有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。

[学生用书P77]【考查特点】Ⅰ.把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式：(1)What would be the best title for the text ？/What is the topic of the text?(2)The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of this passage is ________．(3)The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on ________．(4)What is mainly discussed in the text?(5)What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(6)Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?(7)The passage mainly focuses on ________．Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意题的考查角度：(1)标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。

二、文章或段落大意题(2018·江苏，B)In the 1760s，Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有) a special meat soup called consommé.Although the main attraction was the soup，Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out，which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today，scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat：diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food.When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters，too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness，they couldn’t tell how much they’d had：those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller，and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money，but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on some Mozart(莫扎特).When classical，rather than pop，music was playing，diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect：diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon，or no scent.Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad” tables，crowding，high prices—don’t necessarily.Diners at bad tables—next to the kitchen door，say—spent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables，” given that they’re profitable.As for crowds，a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation，suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.58.The underlined phrase “none the wiser”in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .A.not aware of eating more than usualB.not willing to share food with othersC.not conscious of the food qualityD.not fond of the food provided答案 A解析词义猜测题。

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语试题第一部分听力(共两节, 满分20分)做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题; 每小题1分, 满分5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt? A.£19.15. B. £59.18. C. £9.15. 答案是C。

1.Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a supermarket. B. In the post office C. In the street. 【答案】C 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。

2.What did Carl do? A. He designed a medal. B. He fixed a TV set. C. He took a test. 【答案】B 【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。

3.What does the man do? A. He’s a tailor. B. He’s a waiter. C. He’s a shop assistant.【答案】A【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。

4.When will the flight arrive?A. At 18:20.B. At 18:35.C. At 18:50.【答案】C【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。

5.How can the man improve his article?A. By deleting unnecessary words.B. By adding a couple of points.C. By correcting grammar mistakes.【答案】A【原文】本题为听力题，解析略。

第三讲主旨大意题主旨大意题是高考英语阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。

通常以概括文章或段落大意以及选择标题等形式出现。

主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开考生的分数差距，所以此类题目在高考试题中具有很好的选拔作用，属于能力型题目。

一、正确选项的特征1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。

2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。

3.精确性强，能恰当地表达原文的主题和中心思想。

二、干扰选项的特征1.过于笼统，不知所云。

所给选项内容归纳、概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。

2.以偏概全，主次不分。

所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。

3.移花接木，偷换概念。

所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B 上，若不留神，极易选错答案。

4.无中生有，生搬硬套。

所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。

文章大意题[典例1](2019·全国卷Ⅱ，阅读C)Marian Be chtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad.What is she reading? None of your business！Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time.And like more Americans，she’s not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half (53percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone, but together，you know？”Bechtel said, looking up from her book.Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.“Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流).“I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said.“It’s a chance for self-reflection.You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over.Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.“It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，”said Laurie Demeritt，whose company provided the statistics for the report.31.What is the text mainly about?A.The trend of having meals alone.B.The importance of self-reflection.C.The stress from working overtime.D.The advantage of wireless technology.答案A[文章大意题。

类型3| 科普知识考查要点方法技巧1.科学现象、概念、定义、类别等。

2．事物的性质、特点、原理、用途等。

3．事物或现象产生的原因、过程、演变。

4．相似事物间的异同。

1.理清说明顺序：时间、空间、逻辑顺序。

2．把握文章结构：并列式、承接式、递进式、总分式。

3．认清说明方法：下定义、举事例、作比较、打比方等。

(2016·江苏高考·C)El Ni o，a Spanish term for “the Christ child，”was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Ni o sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects，both good and bad，are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Ni os，on balance，than they lose.A study found that a strong Ni o in 1997－98 helped America's economy grow by $15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multi－year drought(干旱) in south－east Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about By El Ni o may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Ni o，in 1997－98，killed around 21，000 people andcaused damage worth $36 billion around the globe.But such Ni os come with months of warning，and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI)，however，just 12% of disaster－relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk－reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors，civil conflict is related to El Ni o's harmful effects—and the poorer the country，the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Ni o，reducing their losses needs to be the priority.61．What can we learn about El Ni o in Paragraph 1?A．It is named after a South American fisherman.B．It takes place almost every year all over the world.C．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.62．What may El Ni os bring about to the countries affected?A．Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B．Droughts become more harmful than floods.C．Rich countries' gains are greater than their losses.D．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.63．The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that ________．A．more investment should go to risk reductionB．governments of poor countries need more aidC．victims of El Ni o deserve more compensationD．recovery and reconstruction should come first64．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A．To introduce El Ni o and its origin.B．To explain the consequences of El Ni o.C．To show ways of fighting against El Ni o.D．To urge people to prepare for El Ni o.语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江苏卷真题英语试题解析版Section 1: Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)In this section, you will read several passages and answer questions based on the information provided. Below are the explanations and analysis of the questions from the 2020 National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) English test questions for Jiangsu Province.Passage 1The first passage discusses the benefits of reading books. The passage highlights the importance of reading, as it helps to broaden one's imagination and improve critical thinking skills. It also emphasizes the positive impact of reading on language development and vocabulary expansion.Question 1: According to the passage, what are the benefits of reading books?Answer: The benefits of reading books include broadening imagination, enhancing critical thinking, improving language skills, and expanding vocabulary.Passage 2The second passage introduces the concept of "eco-anxiety" and its effects on individuals. It explains how climate change and environmental issues can contribute to increased stress and anxiety. The passage also suggests ways to cope with eco-anxiety, such as engaging in environmental activism and seeking support from others.Question 2: What is eco-anxiety?Answer: Eco-anxiety refers to increased stress and anxiety caused by climate change and environmental issues.Section 2: Vocabulary and Grammar (词汇与语法)In this section, you will be tested on your knowledge of vocabulary and grammar usage through various sentence completion and error correction tasks.Question 3: Choose the word that best completes the sentence: The company has experienced significant ________ since the new CEO took over.a) growthb) strengthc) deficitd) reductionAnswer: a) growthQuestion 4: Identify the grammatical error in the following sentence: She don't have enough time to finish her work.Answer: The sentence should be corrected to "She doesn't have enough time to finish her work." The verb "don't" should be changed to "doesn't" to match the singular subject "She."Section 3: Cloze Test (完型填空)In this section, you will read a passage with missing words and select the most appropriate option to fill in the gaps.PassageThe passage discusses the importance of perseverance in achieving goals. It shares stories of successful individuals who have overcome challenges and setbacks through their determination and hard work.Question 5: Which word best fits in the gap? In order to succeed, one must have ________ and never give up.a) ambitionb) motivationc) perseveranced) talentAnswer: c) perseveranceSection 4: Translation (翻译)In this section, you will be asked to translate a sentence from Chinese to English or vice versa.Question 6: Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: "He is studying at a prestigious university in the United States."Answer: "他正在美国一所著名的大学学习。

姓名，年级：时间：第三讲概括细节理解题Step1 典题感悟·高考名题这样考（2019·全国卷Ⅰ)For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue， N．Y.， today is speech day ，and right now it’s Chris Palaez's turn. The 8。

year。

old is the joker of the class。

With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking。

But he’s nervous。

“I’m here to tell you today why you should。

should。

.”Chris trips on the“.ld，”a pronunciation difficulty for many non。

native English speakers。

His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“。

Vote for.。

. me。

..”Except for some _stumbles , Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him。

A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起) how at the beginning of the year， when called upon to read， Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience。

姓名，年级：时间：高考阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内完成4篇不同体裁、题材的阅读理解题。

考生不仅要能正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思合理地推断出文章的隐含意义。

近几年阅读理解的命题已从对传统知识的掌握情况的考查转向对能力的考查，命题者更关注考生用英语获取信息的能力和处理相关信息的能力。

为了帮助考生清楚地了解英语阅读理解题的情况，下面将具体分析近5年江苏卷英语阅读理解题的命题特点：近五年江苏卷阅读理解考情统计年份内容20192018201720162015体裁记叙文20010议论文11102应用文11111说明文02221题型细节理解题88795推理判断题44636主旨大意题22022词义猜测11212题由以上统计可看出，江苏卷对阅读理解的考查文体上以应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文为主，题型以细节理解题、推理判断题为主，词义猜测题、主旨大意题较难,所占比例较少，命题很好地体现了“注重基础，体现层次，有利于选拔人才”的高考命题思想。

一、阅读理解解题四步法第一步扫描题干，划关键定位词，区分题型和预测文章主要内容。

第二步通读全文，抓住中心。

1.通读全文，抓两个重点：（1)段中心句、核心概念常在第一段,常在首段出题。

(2）其他各段的段首和段尾句.其他部分略读,有重点地读。

2。

抓住中心,用一分半时间思考3个问题：（1)文章叙述的主要内容是什么？(2)文章中有无提到核心概念?（3）作者的大致态度是什么？第三步仔细审题，返回原文.仔细看题干,把每道题和原文的某处建立联系,挂起钩。

定位原则:1.通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。

（关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等）2。

自然段定位原则.出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。

要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。

第四步重叠选项，选出答案。

1。

通过题干返回原文:判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。