Physical and unphysical effects in the mixed SU(2)SO(3) gauge theory

话题七：运动与健康高分范文 1Recently, the High School Student Newspaper are looking for effective ways to release the stress in order to unload the burden of Senior Three students. As a Senior Three student, I have some ways which I find very useful to share with my peers.First and foremost, remain a positive attitude. Every one of us will meet some difficulties and when it comes, don’t le t frustration beat you down. When I am in low spirits，I always remind myself that tomorrow is another day and therefore, I can move on.Second, set aside some time for physical exercise. When we arc facing the stress, we tend to devote ourselves to study and are too busy to do some exercise. But the truth is that doing sports is an effective way to release stress! I always find myself more productive after jogging or swimming and you should definitely have a try!Last but not least, express yourself as much as possible. If you look around, you’ll find that there are so many people whom we can talk to such as parents and friends. If you express your feelings to them, I’m sure they will release your stress and give you the best support and encouragement!So, a re you under great pressure? Try those means I’ve mentioned above, and I sincerely hope that they can give you some assistance!高分范文 2The approaching College Entrance Exams exert great pressure on Senior Three students by loading them with heavy academic burdens, and such a phenomenon ought to cause our attention and urge us to figure out effective solutions.To begin with, I suggest that teenagers try communicating with their teachers and parents, who are undoubtedly more experienced in dealing with stressful situations. Benefits and effects come not only in the form of useful advice from those listeners but also in the fact that expressing one’s worries freely enables a person to release anxiety, thus relieving his pressure.What’s more, give yourself a chance of thorough relaxation by having a good night’s sleep as well as taking a hot bath. Physical recovery lays the solid foundation for a more positive mood with which you can face up to the pressure better.Last but not least, alternate your tasks when you feel exhausted and stressful by taking up some hobbies. As for me, making handcrafts often turns out to be effective. Other activities like listening to music, exercising in the open air and watching cartoons also work wonders, according to my fellow classmates. Follow your desire and temporarily forget about your annoying problems.To sum up, there may not be a cure-all for every ease-deprived student, but as long as you intend to slow down the stressful pace a bit, you’ll certainly feel better.高分范文Dear Editor,Recently, a survey on the topic of “Whom do you turn to when in trouble?” has been carried out in our school which has aroused a heated discussion among students.58% of the students tend to turn to their friends and classmates in that being similar in age leads to better mutual understanding and communication while another 33% argue that teachers and parents are the right ones to turn to for so experienced and kind are they that they can be fully trusted. Apart from the above, those who refuse to share their thoughts with others account for the rest 9%.In the case of myself, friends will be those who emerge in my mind the instance I find myself at a loss with the reasons as follows. First and foremost, due to the same environment and similar challenges to face, friends can fully understand my worries and offer me really helpful suggestions instead of those related to morality and responsibility from parents. Secondly, opening my mind and expressing my confusion to peers won’t make me feel shameful or embarrassed, let alone be afraid of being scolded by them. Finally, as sorrows will only be shared with my close friends who I fully trust, such communication may enhance the friendship between us and add to our mutual understandings.In sum, I myself favor turning to friends for help whenever I’m in trouble, but it doesn’t mean it’s inappropriate to share thoughts with other people. I believe everyone can find their own right way to ease their uneasiness.Yours,Jay高分范文Health is to people what water is to fish. There is no denying that everyone is clearly conscious of the importance of one’s own health since the feeling of illness is far from pleasant.Such a scene is frequently seen in hospitals：a great many people stand anxiously in lines，waiting for professional medical service and arguing that they themselves are in more urgent need of doctors’ advice. Hospitals in this way can be compared to crowded markets and health is certainly presented as a product all desperately bargain to buy.My own experience of constant visit to the doctor always reminds me of the fact that the essence of a healthy body is the foundation of everything. Due to my carelessness and indifference with healthy eating，I felt a serious pain in my stomach and something awful all through my body that could hardly be put into words. After having a terrible gastroscope, enormous bacteria were examined and I had no choice but to take four kinds of pills every day to eliminate them from my body. You could easily touch my unwillingness and sufferings!The incident keeps me well informed that I should pay every attention to taking care of my health so as not to fall into the black hole of unhealthiness. After all, health is the basis of a happy and prosperous life, fueling my enthusiasm and reinforcing my devotion as well as participation. Without a strong body, we would find it even painful to have something to eat, let alone take an active part in sports show passion for work. So, please, know that the first step to take care of yourself is surely to care for your health, which can’t be ignored even to a small extent.Let a healthy body propel you forward along the path of life successfully!高分范文1：Though the importance of health has become a heated topic in recent years, we can conclude from the chart given that high school students’ health conditions are going through some bad changes. The number has grown in all problems from 2014 to 2016, and what’s more, there is a remarkable rise in the overweight and mentally unhealthy. It’s time to do something!There are several matters that may be conductive to the changes. The ever increasing pressure in studies should be ranked first, as it keeps the students glued to their seats all day long overusing their eyes, thus causing more students to be nearsighted and lacking in sleep.Al so, eating snacks more often may lead to obesity. And finally, failure to live up to parents’ expectations and addiction to the virtual world contribute to mental unhealthy.Luckily, there are solutions to these problems, as long as we take them seriously. First and foremost, we students should adjust our attitudes and be more optimistic. Look at the bright side of everything, and surely it will relieve some pressure. Secondly, make a timetable every day before we begin our work. It will save a lot of time and make us confident of what we are doing, which will provide us with more sleeping time and a healthier mind. Last but not least, exercise and relax your eyes regularly!All in all，we should lay more emphasis on maintaining our health. After all，a healthy body weighs more than anything!高分范文2：A survey has been conducted in a senior high school as to students’ health conditions. As can be seen from the chart, 87.5% of students in 2016 are nearsighted while only 78.2% of students were nearsighted in 2014. In addition, the percentage of students who are overweight, lacking of sleep and mentally unhealthy has increased by 16.4%, 9.6% and 15.5%. So students’ poorer health has been a serious problem we have to face.There are several reasons for the phenomenon. Firstly, smart phones and computers are more and more popular nowadays. They are so interesting that a lot of students are addicted to them and have to reduce their time to take physical exercise, which contributes to their poor health. Secondly, the competition is very fierce and students are enduring heavier stress. So many difficulties and failures make them feel awful, then their health fails.So it’s high time that we figured out some effective ways to solve the problem. I think, the time spent on smart phones and computers should be strictly controlled, and students should only sometimes use them just for learning and news instead of unlimited relaxation. And then they must go out to exercise more often. Moreover, parents and teachers should communicate with students more to relieve their stress and remove their mental troubles. Besides, students themselves should be more aware of the importance of health so as to exercise themselves to improve health consciously.If they can do as above，I think stude nts’ health will become better and better, and will be no longer a serious problem.高分范文3：Shown in the chart are health conditions of the students in a senior high school in 2014 and 2016. Nearsighted students account for 87.5% of the whole students with a rise of 9. 3% compared with 2014. Those who are overweight and mentally unhealthy account for respectively 36% and 26% in 2014. Worst of all, lack of sleep, has reached an astonishing figure of 90.1%, which was 80.5% in the year 2014. The reasons for the decline in health are as follows.First, students devote too much time to smart phones and computers, which directly hurts their eyes as well as drains up their limited time, causing them to burn the midnight oil. As a result, students will perform badly in exams and feel depressed, and finally become mentally unhealthy. Secondly, increasing burden and stress deprive them of their time for sports,causing them to gain weight. Being unable to have physical exercise also accounts for their being nearsighted.In order to improve the current situation，the most important thing is to make the students make full use of their time, that is to say, study efficiently and effectively, so that the students will be able to set aside time for sports activities as well as relaxations. Moreover, students should get rid of TV series and computer games, thus they will have more time to study or relax. Schools should also to some extent reduce the amount of homework.In conclusion, students and schools should join hands to improve the situation. I hope that the students will be more and more healthy and active.高分范文4：A recent survey aimed at high school students’ health situation in 2014 and 2016 apparently alert people to the physical and mental condition of students. As we can see from the chart, short sight and lack of sleep have increased by nearly 10 percent, while overweight and mental problems by almost 15 percent. Now approximately nine-tenths of high school students suffer from being nearsighted and lack of sleep.From my point of view, two main factors contribute to it. On one hand，the ever increasing academic stress has been keeping the students at the desk all the time, which leads to lack of rest and sports activities. The tense also poses a threat at their psychological health, causing unstable emotions. On the other hand, unhealthy lifestyle, such as staying up all night, playing with web games for hours, and replacing main meals with fast food，is also affecting their health condition.Therefore, the approach to this problem can be as follows. The students should try changing their unhealthy lifestyle and spare more time to take sports or relax themselves in the open air. This will relieve their stress and help them both mentally and physically. At the same time，the school should try to lighten the academic burden and give students more leisure time. Not only we are all looking forward to school graduates who is excellent in study but also have a good mind and body!好词好句。

凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路! 2011Secti on I Use of En glishDirectio ns:Read the follow ing text. Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered bla nk and mark A], B], C] or D] o n ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 poi nts)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “ a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1 ___________ some claims to the con trary, laugh ing probably has little in flue nee on physical fitn ess Laughter does __2 __ short-term cha nges in the fun cti on of the heart and its blood vessels, _ 3_ heart rate and oxyge n con sumpti on But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__,a good laugh is un likely to have __5 _ ben efits the way, say, walk ing or jogg ing does.__6__, in stead of stra ining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter appare ntly accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930 ' s indicate that laughter__8 muscles, decreas ing muscle tone for up to 45 minu tes after the laugh dies dow n.Such bodily reacti on might con ceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Any way, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ______ 10 __ feedback, that improve anin dividual ' s emoti onal state. __11 ____ one classical theory of emoti on, our feeli ngs are partially rooted ___ 12 __ physical react ion s. It was argued at the end of the 19th cen tury that huma ns do not cry ___ 13 __ they are sad but they become sad whe n the tears beg in to flow.Although sad ness also ___ 14 _ tears, evide nee suggests that emoti ons can flow __15 __ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of w u rzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16 ________ a pen either with theirteeth-thereby creati ng an artificial smile —or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17 ___ expressi on. Those forced to exercise their en thusiastically to funny cato ons tha n did those whose mon ths were con tracted in a frown, ____ 19 __ that expressi ons may in flue nee emoti ons rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1. A]among B]except C]despite D]like2. A]reflect B]dema nd C]i ndicate D]produce3. A]stabilizi ng B]boosti ng C]impairi ng D]determi ning凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路!4. A]tra nsmit B]sustai n C]evaluate D]observe5. A]measurable B]ma nageable C]affordable D]ren ewable6. A]ln turn B]In fact C]In addition D]In brief7. A]opposite B]impossible C]average D]expected8. A]harde ns B]weake ns C]tighte ns D]relaxes9. A]aggravate B]ge nerate C]moderate D]enhance10. A]physical B]me ntal C]subc on scious D]i nternal11. A]Except for B]Accordi ng to C]Due to D]As for12. A]with B]on C]in D]at13. A]unless B]until C]if D]because14. A]exhausts B]follows C]precedes D]suppresses15. A]into B]from C]towards D]beyond16. A]fetch B]bite C]pick D]hold17. A]disappointed B]excited C]joyful D]indifferent18. A]adapted B]catered C]turned D]reacted19. A]suggesting B]requiring C]mentioning D]supposing20. A]Eve ntually B]Co nseque ntly C]Similarly D]Co nverselySecti on II Read ing Comprehe nsionPart ADirections:Read the follow ing four texts. An swer the questi ons below each text by choos ing A], B], C] or D]. Mark your an swers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 poi nts)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has bee n the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudde n announ ceme nt of his appo in tme nt in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “ Hooray! At last! ” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert ' s appointment in the Times, calls him “ an un prete ntious musicia n with no air of the formidable con ductor about him. ”凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路!As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great con ductor or eve n a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or any where else, to hear in teresti ng orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted con certgoers who reply that record ings are no substitute for live performa nee are missi ng the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater compa ni es, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today' s live performances; moreover, they can be “ consumed” at a time and place of the listener' s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the in stitutio n of the traditi onal classical concert.One possible resp onse is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert ' s own in terest in new music has bee n widely no ted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization. ” But what will be the nature of that differenee? Merely expa nding the orchestra ' s repertoire will n ot be eno ugh. If Gilbert and the Philharmo nic are to succeed, they must first cha nge the relati on ship betwee n America ' s oldest orchestra and the new audie nee it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert ' s appointment hasA] incurred criticism.B] raised suspici on.C] received acclaim.D] aroused curiosity.22. Tommasi ni regards Gilbert as an artist who isA] i nflue ntial.B] modest.凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路!C] respectable.D] tale nted.23. The author believes that the devoted con certgoersA] ig nore the expe nses of live performa nces.B] reject most kinds of recorded performa nces.C] exaggerate the variety of live performa nces.D] overestimate the value of live performa nces.24. Accord ing to the text, which of the followi ng is true of record in gs?A] They are ofte n in ferior to live con certs in quality.B] They are easily accessible to the gen eral public.C] They help improve the quality of music.D] They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert ' s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feelsA] doubtful.B] en thusiastic.C] co nfide nt.D] puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as preside nt of Bank of America in August, his expla nati on was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “ to pursue my goal of running a company.”Broadcasting his ambiti on was “ very much my decisi on, ” McGee says. With in two weeks, he was talk ing for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairma n on September 29.McGee says leavi ng without a positi on lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of compa ny he wan ted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirati ons. And McGee isn' t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the expla nati on that they were look ing for a CEO post. As boards scruti nize successi on pla ns in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don' t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbule nt bus in ess en vir onment also has senior man agers cautious of lett ing vague pronoun ceme nts cloud凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路!their reputati ons.As the first sig ns of recovery begi n to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willi ng to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, accord ing to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opport un ities will abo und for aspiri ng leaders.The decisi on to quit a senior positi on to look for a better one is unconven ti on al. For years executives and headh un ters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO can didates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: ” I can' t think of a single search I' ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first. ” Those who jumped without a job haven ' t always Ianded in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropica na a decade age, say ing she wan ted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny In ternet-based commodities excha nge. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambiti ons to be a CEO. He fin ally took that post at a major finan cial in stitutio n three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fadi ng for top performers. The finan cial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “ The traditional rule was it ' s safer to stay where you are, but that' s bee n fun dame ntally in verted, ” says one headh un ter. “ The people who' ve been hurt the worst are those who' ve stayed too Iong.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as beingA] arroga nt.B] fra nk.C] self-ce ntered.D] impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives ' quitting may be spurred byA] their expectation of better financial status.B] their need to reflect on their private life.C] their strained relations with the boards.D] their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “ poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably meansA] approved of.B] atte nded to.凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路!C] h un ted for.D] guarded aga in st.29. It can be in ferred from the last paragraph thatA] top performers used to cli ng to their posts.B] loyalty of top performers is gett ing out-dated.C] top performers care more about reputati ons.D] it ' s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A] CEOs: Where to Go?B] CEOs: All the Way Up?C] Top Man agers Jump without a NetD] The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to market ing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No Ion ger. While traditi onal “ paid ” media —such as televisi on commercials and print advertiseme nts —still play a major role, compa nies today can exploit many alter native forms of media. Con sumers passi on ate about a product may create “ owned ” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way con sumers now approach the broad range of factors bey ond conven ti onal paid media.Paid and owned media are con trolled by marketers promot ing their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users ' responses. But in some cases, one markete d s owned media become another marketer' s paid media - for instanee, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airli nes and hotels and will no doubt go further. Joh nson & Joh nson, for example, has created BabyCe nter, a sta nd-al one media property that promotes compleme ntary and eve n competitive products. Besides gen erati ng in come, the prese nee of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies' marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路!concern ed.The same dramatic tech no logical cha nges that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) com muni cati ons choices have also in creased the risk that passi on ate con sumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damagi ng ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instanee, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the bus in esses that origi nally created them.If that happe ns, passi on ate con sumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putt ing the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company' s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with con sumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31. C on sumers may create “ earn ed” media whe n they areA] obscssed with on li ne shopp ing at certa in Web sites.B] in spired by product-promot ing e-mails sent to them.C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.D] en thusiastic about recomme nding their favorite products.32. Accord ing to Paragraph 2,sold media featureA] a safe bus in ess environment.B] ran dom competiti on.C] strong user traffic.D] flexibility in orga ni zati on.33. The author in dicates in Paragraph 3 that earned mediaA] in vite con sta nt con flicts with passi on ate con sumers.B] can be used to produce n egative effects in marketi ng.C] may be resp on sible for fiercer competiti on.D] deserve all the n egative comme nts about them.34. Toyota Motor ' s experienee is cited as an example of凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路!A] resp onding effectively to hijacked media.B] persuadi ng customers into boycotti ng products.C] cooperat ing with supportive con sumers.D] tak ing adva ntage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.B] Con flict betwee n hijacked and earned media.C] Dominance of hijacked media.D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It' s no surprise that Jennifer Senior' s in sightful, provocative magaz ine cover story, "I love My Children, I Hate My Life, ” is arousing much chatter - nothing gets people talking like the suggesti on that child reari ng is anything less tha n a completely fulfill in g, life-e nrich ing experie nee. Rather tha n con clud ing that childre n make pare nts either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we n eed to redefi ne happ in ess: in stead of thinking of it as someth ing that can be measured by mome nt-to-mome nt joy, we should con sider being happy as a past-te nse con diti on. Even though the day-to-day experie nee of rais ing kids can be soul-crushi ngly hard, Senior writes that “ the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight. ”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Mado nn a-a nd-child image on n ewssta nds this week. There are also stories about n ewly adoptive -and newly single - mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “ Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smili ng on the n ewssta nds.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret hav ing childre n is equivale nt to admitt ing you support kitte n-killi ng ? It does n ' t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of pare nts to the regrets of the childre n. Un happy pare nts rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn ' thave had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that childre n are the sin gle most importa nt thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gap ing baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路!hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies con cludi ng that pare nts are less happy tha n childless couples, sin gle pare nts are the least happy of all. No shock there, con sideri ng how much work it is to raise a kid without a part ner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “ own” (read: with roun d-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It' s hard to imag ine that many people are dumb eno ugh to want childre n just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it ' s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren' t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experienee, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36. Je nnifer Senior suggests in her article that rais ing a child can bringAtemporary delightB] enjoyme nt in progressC] happ in ess in retrospectD] last ing reward37. We lear n from Paragraph 2 thatA] celebrity moms are a perma nent source for gossip.B] si ngle mothers with babies deserve greater atte nti on.C] n ews about preg nant celebrities is en terta ining.D] havi ng childre n is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folksA] are con sta ntly exposed to criticism.B] are largely ignored by the media.C] fail to fulfill their social resp on sibilities.D] are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39. Accord ing to Paragraph 4, the message con veyed by celebrity magaz ines isA] sooth ing.B] ambiguous.C] compe nsatory.凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路!D] misleadi ng.40. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?A] Havi ng childre n con tributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.B] Celebrity moms have in flue need our attitude towards child reari ng.C] Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.D] We sometimes n eglect the happ in ess from child reari ng.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorga nize these paragraphs into a cohere nt text by choos ing from the list A_G to filli ng them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 poi nts)A] No discipli nes have seized on professi on alism with as much en thusiasm as the huma nities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral stude nts in En glish drop out before gett ing their degrees.B] His concern is mainly with the huma nities: Literature, la nguages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in bus in ess compared with only 2% in history and 4% in En glish. However, many lead ing America nuni versities want their un dergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “ general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand no tes, “ the great books are read because they have bee nread” -they form a sort of social glue.C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departme nts awarded more bachelor' s degrees in 1970-71 tha n they did 20 years later. Fewer stude nts requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writi ng, many huma nities stude nts leave the professi on to do somethi ng for which they have not bee n train ed.凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路!D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more tha n half of Harvard un dergraduates end up in law, medici ne or bus in ess, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professi on alised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold betwee n 1960a nd 1990, but faculty teach ing hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professi on alism has turned the acquisiti on of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of America n professors did not possess one. But the key idea beh ind professi on alisati on, argues Mr Menan d, is that “ the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable. ” So discipli nes acquire a mon opoly not just over the product ion of kno wledge, but also over the product ion of the producers of kno wledge.F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.” Otherwise, academics will continue to thinkdangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize. ” Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may n eed to become less exclusi on ary a nd more holistic. ” Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in America n Uni versities, and Louis Menand, a professor of En glish at Harvard Uni versity, capturedit skillfully.G T 41. T42. T E T43. T44. T45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtran slation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 poi nts)凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路!With its theme that “ Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the cen tral idea of self-help writi ng.(46) Allen ' s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore con trol our thoughts-a nd reveal its erron eous n ature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind gen erates as much actio n as the con scious mind, and (47) while we may be able to susta in the illusi on of con trol through the con scious mind alone, in reality we are con ti nu ally faced with a questio n: “ Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presenee of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are. ” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don't “ get” success but become it. There is no gap betwee n mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen ' s book is its contention that “ Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him. ” (48) This seems a justificati on for n eglect of those in n eed, and a rati on alizati on of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opport unity for growth. If circumsta nces always determ ined the life and prospects of people, the n huma nity would n ever have progressed. In fat, (49)circumsta nces seem to be desig ned to bring out the best i n us and if we feel that we have bee n “ wron ged ” the n we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person' s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an in dividual.The sobering aspect of Allen ' s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everyth ing is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section 川WritingPart A凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路!51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recomme nd one of your favorite movies and2) give reas ons for your recomme ndati onYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sig n your own n ame at the end of the leter. User “ LI MING ” in stead.Do not writer the address.(10 poin ts)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the follow ing draw ing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly,凯程考研考研，为学员服务，为学生引路!2) explain it ' s intended meaning, and3) give your comme nts.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 poi nts) 2011年考研英语一真题参考答案 客观题Secti on I Use of En glishCDBBA BADCA BCDCB DADACSection II Readi ng Comprehe nsionPart ADBDBA BDCAC DCBAA CCDDBPart B41. B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.F翻译题：46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设 我们能够控制我们的理想。

《2024年高考英语新课标卷真题深度解析与考后提升》专题05阅读理解D篇（新课标I卷）原卷版(专家评价+全文翻译+三年真题+词汇变式+满分策略+话题变式)目录一、原题呈现P2二、答案解析P3三、专家评价P3四、全文翻译P3五、词汇变式P4(一)考纲词汇词形转换P4(二)考纲词汇识词知意P4(三)高频短语积少成多P5(四)阅读理解单句填空变式P5(五)长难句分析P6六、三年真题P7(一)2023年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P7(二)2022年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P8(三)2021年新课标I卷阅读理解D篇P9七、满分策略（阅读理解说明文）P10八、阅读理解变式P12 变式一：生物多样性研究、发现、进展6篇P12变式二：阅读理解D篇35题变式（科普研究建议类）6篇P20一原题呈现阅读理解D篇关键词: 说明文;人与社会;社会科学研究方法研究;生物多样性; 科学探究精神;科学素养In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observation s of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not w ell-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?A. They are becoming outdated.B. They are mostly in electronic form.C. They are limited in number.D. They are used for public exhibition.33. What does Daru’s study focus on?A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.C. Observational data.D. Mobile applications.34. What has led to the biases according to the study?A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.C. Improper way of sampling.D. Unreliable data collection devices.35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?A. Review data from certain areas.B. Hire experts to check the records.C. Confirm the identity of the users.D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.二答案解析三专家评价考查关键能力，促进思维品质发展2024年高考英语全国卷继续加强内容和形式创新，优化试题设问角度和方式，增强试题的开放性和灵活性，引导学生进行独立思考和判断，培养逻辑思维能力、批判思维能力和创新思维能力。

On the Inequality among Mankind&Profession of Faith of a Savoyard VicarJEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU was born at Geneva, June 28, 1712, the son of a watchmaker of French origin. His education was irregular, and though he tried many professions—including engraving, music, and teaching—he found it difficult to support himself in any of them. The discovery of his talent as a writer came with the winning of a prize offered by the Academy of Dijon for a discourse on the question, “Whether the progress of the sciences and of letters has tended to corrupt or to elevate morals.” He argued so brilliantly that the tendency of civilization was degrading that he became at once famous.The discourse here printed on the causes of inequality among men was written in a similar competition.1He now concentrated his powers upon literature, producing two novels, “La Nouvelle Héloise,” the forerunner and parent of endless sentimental and picturesque fictions;and“Émile,ou l’Education,” a work which has had enormous influence on the theory and practise of pedagogy down to out own time and in which the Savoyard Vicar appears, who is used as the mouthpiece for Rousseau’s own religious ideas.“Le Contrat Social”(1762)elaborated the doctrine of the discourse on inequality. Both historically and philosophically it is unsound; but it was the chief literary source of the enthusiasm for liberty, fraternity, and equality, which inspired the leaders of the French Revolution, and its effects passed far beyond France.2His most famous work, the “Confessions,” was published after his death. This book is a mine of information as to his life, but it is far from trustworthy; and the picture it gives of the author’s personality and conduct, though painted in such a way as to make it absorbingly interesting, is often unpleasing in the highest degree. But it is one of the great autobiographies of the world.3During Rousseau’s later years he was the victim of the delusion of persecution; and although he was protected by a succession of good friends, he came to distrust and quarrel with each in turn. He died at Ermenonville, near Paris, July 2, 1778, the most widely influential French writer of his age.4The Savoyard Vicar and his “Profession of Faith” are introduced into “Émile” not, according to the author, because he wishes to exhibit his principles as those which should be taught, but to give an example of the way in which religious matters should be discussed with the young. Nevertheless, it is universally recognized that these opinions are Rousseau’s own, and represent in short form his characteristic attitude toward religious belief. The Vicar himself is believed to combine the traits of two Savoyard priests whom Rousseau knew in his youth. The more important was the Abbé Gaime, whom he had known at Turin; the other, the Abbé Gâtier, who had taught him at Annecy.IntroductionQuestion Proposed by the Academy of DijonWhat is the Origin of the Inequality Among Mankind; and whether such Inequality is authorized by the Law of Nature?’TIS of man I am to speak; and the very question, in answer to which I am to speak of him, sufficiently informs me that I am going to speak to men; for to those alone, who are not afraid of honouring truth, it belongs to propose discussions of this kind. I shall therefore maintain with confidence the cause of mankind before the sages, who invite me to stand up in its defence; and I shall think myself happy, if I can but behave in a manner not unworthy of my subject and of my judges.1I conceive two species of inequality among men; one which I call natural, or physical inequality, because it is established by nature, and consists in the difference of age, health, bodily strength, and the qualities of the mind, or of the soul; the other which may be termed moral, or political inequality, because it depends on a kind of convention, and is established, or at least authorized, by the common consent of mankind. This species of inequality consists in the different privileges, which some men enjoy, to the prejudice of others, such as that of being richer, more honoured, more powerful, and even that of exacting obedience from them.2It were absurd to ask, what is the cause of natural inequality, seeing the bare definition of natural inequality answers the question: it would be more absurd still to enquire, if there might not be some essential connection between the two species of inequality, as it would be asking, in other words, if those who command are necessarily better men than those who obey; and if strength of body or of mind, wisdom or virtue are always to be found in individuals, in the same proportion with power, or riches: a question, fit perhaps to be discussed by slaves in the hearing of their masters, but unbecoming free and reasonable beings in quest of truth.3What therefore is precisely the subject of this discourse? It is to point out, in the progress of things, that moment, when, right taking place of violence, natural became subject to law; to display that chain of surprising events, in consequence of which the strong submitted to serve the weak, and the people to purchase imaginary ease, at the expense of real happiness.4The philosophers,who have examined the foundations of society,have,every one of them, perceived the necessity of tracing it back to a state of nature, but not one of them has ever arrived there. Some of them have not scrupled to attribute to man in that state the ideas of justice and injustice, without troubling their heads to prove, that he really must have had such ideas, or eventhat such ideas were useful to him: others have spoken of the natural right of every man to keep what belongs to him, without letting us know what they meant by the word belong; others, without further ceremony ascribing to the strongest an authority over the weakest, have immediately struck out government, without thinking of the time requisite for men to form any notion of the things signified by the words authority and government. All of them, in fine, constantly harping on wants, avidity, oppression, desires and pride, have transferred to the state of nature ideas picked up in the bosom of society. In speaking of savages they described citizens. Nay, few of our own writers seem to have so much as doubted, that a state of nature did once actually exist; though it plainly appears by Sacred History, that even the first man, immediately furnished as he was by God himself with both instructions and precepts, never lived in that state, and that, if we give to the books of Moses that credit which every Christian philosopher ought to give to them, we must deny that, even before the deluge, such a state ever existed among men, unless they fell into it by some extraordinary event: a paradox very difficult to maintain, and altogether impossible to prove.5 Let us begin therefore, by laying aside facts, for they do not affect the question. The researches, in which we may engage on this occasion, are not to be taken for historical truths, but merely as hypothetical and conditional reasonings, fitter to illustrate the nature of things, than to show their true origin, like those systems, which our naturalists daily make of the formation of the world. Religion commands us to believe, that men, having been drawn by God himself out of a state of nature, are unequal, because it is his pleasure they should be so; but religion does not forbid us to draw conjectures solely from the nature of man, considered in itself, and from that of the beings which surround him, concerning the fate of mankind, had they been left to themselves. This is then the question I am to answer, the question I propose to examine in the present discourse. As mankind in general have an interest in my subject, I shall endeavour to use a language suitable to all nations; or rather, forgetting the circumstances of time and place in order to think of nothing but the men I speak to, I shall suppose myself in the Lyceum of Athens, repeating the lessons of my masters before the Platos and the Xenocrates of that famous seat of philosophy as my judges, and in presence of the whole human species as my audience.6O man, whatever country you may belong to, whatever your opinions may be, attend to my words; you shall hear your history such as I think I have read it, not in books composed by those like you, for they are liars, but in the book of nature which never lies. All that I shall repeat after her, must be true, without any intermixture of falsehood, but where I may happen, without intending it, to introduce my own conceits. The times I am going to speak of are very remote. How much you are changed from what you once were! ’Tis in a manner the life of your species that I am going to write, from the qualities which you have received, and which your education and your habits could deprave, but could not destroy. There is, I am sensible, an age at which every individual of you would choose to stop; and you will look out for the age at which, had you your wish, your species had stopped. Uneasy at your present condition for reasons which threaten your unhappy posterity with still greater uneasiness, you will perhaps wish it were in your power to go back; and this sentiment ought to be considered, as the panegyric of your first parents, the condemnation of you contemporaries, and a source of terror to all those who may have the misfortune of succeeding you.First PartHOWEVER important it may be, in order to form a proper judgment of the natural state of man, to consider him from his origin, and to examine him, as it were, in the first embryo of the species; I shall not attempt to trace his organization through its successive approaches to perfection: I shall not stop to examine in the animal system what he might have been in the beginning, to become at last what he actually is; I shall not inquire whether, as Aristotle thinks, his neglected nails were no better at first than crooked talons; whether his whole body was not, bear-like, thick covered with rough hair; and whether, walking upon all-fours, his eyes, directed to the earth, and confined to a horizon of a few paces extent, did not at once point out the nature and limits of his ideas. I could only form vague, and almost imaginary, conjectures on this subject. Comparative anatomy has not as yet been sufficiently improved;neither have the observations of natural philosophy been sufficiently ascertained, to establish upon such foundations the basis of a solid system. For this reason,without having recourse to the supernatural informations with which we have been favoured on this head, or paying any attention to the changes, that must have happened in the conformation of the interior and exterior parts of man’s body, in proportion as he applied his members to new purposes, and took to new aliments, I shall suppose his conformation to have always been, what we now behold it; that he always walked on two feet, made the same use of his hands that we do of ours, extended his looks over the whole face of nature, and measured with his eyes the vast extent of the heavens.1If I strip this being, thus constituted, of all the supernatural gifts which he may have received, and of all the artificial faculties, which we could not have acquired but by slow degrees; if I consider him, in a word, such as he must have issued from the hands of nature; I see an animal less strong than some, and less active than others, but, upon the whole, the most advantageously organized of any; I see him satisfying the calls of hunger under the first oak, and those of thirst at the first rivulet; I see him laying himself down to sleep at the foot of the same tree that afforded him his meal; and behold, this done, all his wants are completely supplied.2The earth left to its own natural fertility and covered with immense woods, that no hatchet ever disfigured, offers at every step food and shelter to every species of animals. Men, dispersed among them observe and imitate their industry, and thus rise to the instinct of beasts; with this advantage, that, whereas every species of beasts is confined to one peculiar instinct, man, who perhaps has not any that particularly belongs to him, appropriates to himself those of all other animals, and lives equally upon most of the different aliments,which they only divide among themselves; a circumstance which qualifies him to find his subsistence, with more ease than any of them.3 Men, accustomed from their infancy to the inclemency of the weather, and to the rigour of thedifferent seasons; inured to fatigue, and obliged to defend, naked and without arms, their life and their prey against the other wild inhabitants of the forest, or at least to avoid their fury by flight, acquire a robust and almost unalterable habit of body; the children, bringing with them into the world the excellent constitution of their parents, and strengthening it by the same exercises that first produced it, attain by this means all the vigour that the human frame is capable of. Nature treats them exactly in the same manner that Sparta treated the children of her citizens; those who come well formed into the world she renders strong and robust, and destroys all the rest; differing in this respect from our societies, in which the state, by permitting children to become burdensome to their parents, murders them all without distinction, even in the wombs of their mothers.4The body being the only instrument that savage man is acquainted with, he employs it to different uses, of which ours, for want of practice, are incapable; and we may thank our industry for the loss of that strength and agility, which necessity obliges him to acquire. Had he a hatchet, would his hand so easily snap off from an oak so stout a branch? Had he a sling, would it dart a stone to so great a distance? Had he a ladder, would he run so nimbly up a tree? Had he a horse, would he with such swiftness shoot along the plain? Give civilized man but time to gather about him all his machines, and no doubt he will be an overmatch for the savage: but if you have a mind to see a contest still more unequal, place them naked and unarmed one opposite to the other; and you will soon discover the advantage there is in perpetually having all our forces at our disposal, in being constantly prepared against all events, and in always carrying ourselves, as it were, whole and entire about us.5Hobbes would have it that man is naturally void of fear, and always intent upon attacking and fighting.An illustrious philosopher thinks on the contrary,and Cumberland and Puffendorff likewise affirm it, that nothing is more fearful than man in a state of nature, that he is always in a tremble, and ready to fly at the first motion he perceives, at the first noise that strikes his ears. This, indeed, may be very true in regard to objects with which he is not acquainted; and I make no doubt of his being terrified at every new sight that presents itself, as often as he cannot distinguish the physical good and evil which he may expect from it, nor compare his forces with the dangers he has to encounter; circumstances that seldom occur in a state of nature, where all things proceed in so uniform a manner, and the face of the earth is not liable to those sudden and continual changes occasioned in it by the passions and inconstancies of collected bodies. But savage man living among other animals without any society or fixed habitation, and finding himself early under a necessity of measuring his strength with theirs, soon makes a comparison between both, and finding that he surpasses them more in address, than they surpass him in strength, he learns not to be any longer in dread of them. Turn out a bear or a wolf against a sturdy, active, resolute savage, (and this they all are,) provided with stones and a good stick; and you will soon find that the danger is at least equal on both sides, and that after several trials of this kind, wild beasts, who are not fond of attacking each other, will not be very fond of attacking man, whom they have found every whit as wild as themselves. As to animals who have really more strength than man has address, he is, in regard to them, what other weaker species are, who find means to subsist notwithstanding; he has even this great advantage over such weaker species, that being equally fleet with them, and finding on every tree an almost inviolable asylum, he is always at liberty totake it or leave it, as he likes best, and of course to fight or to fly, whichever is most agreeable to him. To this we may add that no animal naturally makes war upon man, except in the case of self-defence or extreme hunger; nor ever expresses against him any of these violent antipathies, which seem to indicate that some particular species are intended by nature for the food of others.6But there are other more formidable enemies, and against which man is not provided with the same means of defence;I mean natural infirmities,infancy,old age,and sickness of every kind, melancholy proofs of our weakness, whereof the two first are common to all animals, and the last chiefly attends man living in a state of society. It is even observable in regard to infancy, that the mother being able to carry her child about with her, wherever she goes, can perform the duty of a nurse with a great deal less trouble, than the females of many other animals, who are obliged to be constantly going and coming with no small labour and fatigue, one way to look out for their own subsistence, and another to suckle and feed their young ones. True it is that, if the woman happens to perish, her child is exposed to the greatest danger of perishing with her; but this danger is common to a hundred other species, whose young ones require a great deal of time to be able to provide for themselves; and if our infancy is longer than theirs, our life is longer likewise; so that, in this respect too, all things are in a manner equal; not but that there are other rules concerning the duration of the first age of life, and the number of the young of man and other animals, but they do not belong to my subject. With old men, who stir and perspire but little, the demand for food diminishes with their abilities to provide it; and as a savage life would exempt them from the gout and the rheumatism, and old age is of all ills that which human assistance is least capable of alleviating, they would at last go off, without its being perceived by others that they ceased to exist, and almost without perceiving it themselves.7In regard to sickness, I shall not repeat the vain and false declamations made use of to discredit medicine by most men, while they enjoy their health; I shall only ask if there are any solid observations from which we may conclude that in those countries where the healing art is most neglected, the mean duration of man’s life is shorter than in those where it is most cultivated? And how is it possible this should be the case, if we inflict more diseases upon ourselves than medicine can supply us with remedies! The extreme inequalities in the manner of living of the several classes of mankind, the excess of idleness in some, and of labour in others, the facility of irritating and satisfying our sensuality and our appetites, the too exquisite and out of the way aliments of the rich, which fill them with fiery juices, and bring on indigestions, the unwholesome food of the poor, of which even, bad as it is, they very often fall short, and the want of which tempts them, every opportunity that offers, to eat greedily and overload their stomachs; watchings, excesses of every kind, immoderate transports of all the passions, fatigues, waste of spirits, in a word, the numberless pains and anxieties annexed to every condition,and which the mind of man is constantly a prey to; these are the fatal proofs that most of our ills are of our own making, and that we might have avoided them all by adhering to the simple, uniform and solitary way of life prescribed to us by nature. Allowing that nature intended we should always enjoy good health, I dare almost affirm that a state of reflection is a state against nature,and that the man who meditates is a depraved animal. We need only call to mind the good constitution of savages, of those at least whom we have not destroyed by our strong liquors; we need only reflect, that theyare strangers to almost every disease, except those occasioned by wounds and old age, to be in a manner convinced that the history of human diseases might be easily composed by pursuing that of civil societies. Such at least was the opinion of Plato, who concluded from certain remedies made use of or approved by Podalyrus and Macaon at the Siege of Troy, that several disorders, which these remedies were found to bring on in his days, were not known among men at that remote period.8Man therefore, in a state of nature where there are so few sources of sickness, can have no great occasion for physic, and still less for physicians; neither is the human species more to be pitied in this respect, than any other species of animals. Ask those who make hunting their recreation or business, if, in their excursions they meet with many sick or feeble animals. They meet with many carrying the marks of considerable wounds, that have been perfectly well healed and closed up; with many, whose bones formerly broken, and whose limbs almost torn off, have completely knit and united, without any other surgeon but time, any other regimen but their usual way of living, and whose cures were not the less perfect for their not having been tortured with incisions, poisoned with drugs, or worn out by diet and abstinence. In a word, however useful medicine well administered may be to us who live in a state of society, it is still past doubt, that if, on the one hand, the sick savage destitute of help, has nothing to hope from nature, on the other, he has nothing to fear but from his disease; a circumstance, which often renders his situation preferable to ours.9Let us therefore beware of confounding savage man with the men,whom we daily see and converse with. Nature behaves towards all animals left to her care with a predilection, that seems to prove how jealous she is of that prerogative. The horse, the cat, the bull, nay the ass itself, have generally a higher stature, and always a more robust constitution, more vigour, more strength and courage in their forests than in our houses; they lose half these advantage by becoming domestic animals; it looks as if all our attention to treat them kindly, and to feed them well, served only to bastardize them. It is thus with man himself. In proportion as he becomes sociable and a slave to others, he becomes weak, fearful, mean-spirited, and his soft and effeminate way of living at once completes the enervation of his strength and of his courage. We may add, that there must be still a wider difference between man and man in a savage and domestic condition, than between beast and beast; for as men and beasts have been treated alike by nature, all the conveniences with which men indulge themselves more than they do the beasts tamed by them, are so many particular causes which make them degenerate more sensibly.10Nakedness, therefore, the want of houses, and of all these unnecessaries, which we consider as so very necessary, are not such mighty evils in respect to these primitive men, and much less still any obstacle to their preservation. Their skins, it is true, are destitute of hair; but then they have no occasion for any such covering in warm climates; and in cold climates they soon learn to apply to that use those of the animals they have conquered; they have but two feet to run with, but they have two hands to defend themselves with, and provide for all their wants; it costs them perhaps a great deal of time and trouble to make their children walk; but the mothers carry them with ease; an advantage not granted to other species of animals, with whom the mother, when pursued, isobliged to abandon her young ones, or regulate her stapes by theirs. In short, unless we admit those singular and fortuitous concurrences of circumstances, which I shall speak of hereafter, and which, it is very possible, may never have existed, it is evident, in every state of the question, that the man, who first made himself clothes and built himself a cabin supplied himself with things which he did not much want, since he had lived without them till then and why should he not have been able to support in his riper years, the same kind of life, which he had supported from his infancy?11Alone, idle, and always surrounded with danger, savage man must be fond of sleep, and sleep lightly like other animals, who think but little, and may, in a manner, be said to sleep all the time they do not think: self-preservation being almost his only concern, he must exercise those faculties most, which are most serviceable in attacking and in defending, whether to subdue his prey, or to prevent his becoming that of other animals: those organs on the contrary, which softness and sensuality can alone improve, must remain in a state of rudeness, utterly incompatible with all manner of delicacy; and as his senses are divided on this point, his touch and his taste must be extremely coarse and blunt; his sight, his hearing, and his smelling equally subtle: such is the animal state in general, and accordingly if we may believe travellers, it is that of most savage nations. We must not therefore be surprised, that the Hottentots of the Cape of Good Hope, distinguish with their naked eyes ships on the ocean at as great a distance as the Dutch can discern them with their glasses; nor that the savages of America should have tracked the Spaniards with their noses, to as great a degree of exactness, as the best dogs could have done; nor that all these barbarous nations support nakedness without pain; use such large quantities of Pimento to give their food a relish, and drink like water the strongest liquors of Europe.12As yet I considered man merely in his physical capacity; let us now endeavour to examine him in a metaphysical and moral light.13I can discover nothing in any mere animal but an ingenious machine to which nature has given senses to wind itself up, and guard, to a certain degree, against everything that might destroy or disorder it. I perceive the very same things in the human machine, with this difference, that nature alone operates in all the operations of the beast, whereas man, as a free agent, has a share in his. One chooses by instinct; the other by an act of liberty; for which reason the beast cannot deviate from the rules that have been prescribed to it, even in cases where such deviation might be useful, and man often deviates from the rules laid down for him to his prejudice. Thus a pigeon would starve near a dish of the best flesh-meat, and a cat on a heap of fruit or corn, though both might very well support life with the food which they disdain, did they but bethink themselves to make a trial of it: it is in this manner dissolute men run into excesses, which bring on fevers and death itself; because the mind depraves the senses, and when nature ceases to speak, the will still continues to dictate.14All animals must be allowed to have ideas, since all animals have senses; they even combine their ideas to a certain degree,and,in this respect,it is only the difference of such degree,that constitutes the difference between man and beast; some philosophers have even advanced, thatthere is a greater difference between some men and some others, than between some men and some beasts; it is not therefore so much the understanding that constitutes, among animals the special distinction of man, as his quality of a free agent. Nature speaks to all animals, and beasts obey her voice. Man feels the same impression, but he at the same time perceives that he is free to resist or to acquiesce; and it is in the consciousness of this liberty, that the spirituality of his soul chiefly appears; for natural philosophy explains, in some measure, the mechanism of the senses and the formation of ideas;but in the power of willing,or rather of choosing,and in the consciousness of this power, nothing can be discovered but acts, that are purely spiritual, and cannot be accounted for by the laws of mechanics.15But though the difficulties, in which all these questions are involved, should leave some room to dispute on this difference between man and beast, there is another very specific quality that distinguishes them,and a quality which will admit of no dispute;this is the faculty of improvement; a faculty which, as circumstances offer, successively unfolds all the other faculties, and resides among us not only in the species, but in the individuals that compose it; whereas a beast is, at the end of some months, all he never will be during the rest of his life; and his species, at the end of a thousand years, precisely what it was the first year of that long period. Why is man alone subject to dotage? Is it not, because he thus returns to his primitive condition? And because, while the beast which has acquired nothing and has likewise nothing to lose, continues always in possession of his instinct, man, losing by old age, or by accident, all the acquisitions he had made in consequence of his perfectibility, thus falls back even lower than beast themselves? It would be a melancholy necessity for us to be obliged to allow, that this distinctive and almost unlimited faculty is the source of allman’s misfortunes; that is this faculty, which, though by slow degrees, draws the mount of their original condition, in which his days would slide away insensibly in peace and innocence; that it is this faculty, which, in a succession of ages, produces his discoveries and mistakes, his virtues and his vices, and, at long run, renders him both his own and nature’s tyrant. it would be shocking to be obliged to commend, as a beneficent being, whoever he was the first that suggested to the Oronoco Indians the use of those boards which they bind on the temples of their children, and which secure to them the enjoyment of some part at least of their natural imbecility and happiness.16Savage man, abandoned by nature to pure instinct, or rather indemnified for that which has perhaps been denied to him by faculties capable of immediately supplying the place of it, and of raising him afterwards a great deal higher, would therefore begin with functions that were merely animal: to see and to feel would be his first condition, which he would enjoy in common with other animals. To will and not to will, to wish and to fear, would be the first, and in a manner, the only operations of his soul, till new circumstances occasioned new developments.17Let moralists say what they will, the human understanding is greatly indebted to the passions, which,on their side,are likewise universally allowed to be greatly indebted to the human understanding. It is by the activity of our passions, that our reason improves: we covet knowledge merely because we covet enjoyment, and it is impossible to conceive why a man exempt from fears and desires should take the trouble to reason. The passions, in their turn, owe their origin to。

Physiognomy and economics相面术与经济学About facePeople‘s creditworthiness, it seems, can be seen in their looks人的信誉度，似乎可以为相貌所反映SCIENCE proceeds by trial and error. The successes are trumpeted. The errors are often regarded with embarrassment by subsequent generations, and locked away in attic rooms of the subject‘s mansion like mad relatives in a Victorian novel. Usually, they stay there. Craniology, phrenology and eugenics, once-respectable fields of endeavor that are now regarded with a shudder, may shriek from time to time, but few sane people pay attention to them. One, however, has escaped recently, and is trying to rehabilitate itself. For years physiognomy—the idea that a person‘s face is a reflection of his character—was sneered at. Now, it is making a come back.科学依靠试错而前行。

成功伴随着胜利的号角得以扬名天下，而谬误让后人感到尴尬万分，就像维多利亚时代的小说中常描写的发疯的亲戚那样，被束之高阁，无人问津。

2024～2025学年度高一上学期期中考试英语（答案在最后）考生注意：1．本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

2．答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。

3．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。

选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效．．．．．．．．。

．．．．、草稿纸上作答无效．．．．．．．．．．．．．，在试题卷4．本卷命题范围：外研版必修Book1Unit1～Book1Unit4。

第一部分单项填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1．At______sight of his classmate,Bill,who was in______lead in the long-distance running,Bruce tried to run faster.A．a;a B．the;a C．a;the D．the;the2．Which of the following prefixes(前缀)means“No”?A．un-B．en-C．co-D．over-3．—Jack,are you familiar with Boston?—Yes,I______in Boston for four years.A．remain B．am remaining C．have remained D．remained4．The store______sells children’s clothes is at the end of the street.A．whom B．不填C．whose D．which 5．Yesterday the policemen______the traffic accident that happened in front of the supermarket and relevant people are waiting for the result.A．investigated B．stuck C．sculpted D．disqualified6．I found him ashamed when I asked him the question.What is the sentence element underlined in the sentence? ______A．Subject(主语).B．Object(宾语).C．Predictive(表语).D．Object complement(宾语补足语).7．An______is an important subject that people are arguing about or discussing.A．impact B．issue C．alarm D．exploration8．Tom tends______very well in a match and that may allow us______the match to be held tomorrow.A．to perform;to win B．to perform;winning C．performing;to win D．performing;winning 9．Which of the following suffixes is the opposite(反义词)of“-ful”?A．-able B．-ness C．-less D．-ous10．The man______job is a lawyer lives in the apartment above ours.A．that B．which C．who D．whose11．A fact,situation,or experience that is______is unpleasant,depressing,or harmful.A．significant B．powerful C．negative D．specific 12．Though Tom stayed______touch with his friend Sam for a long time,they lost track______each ther during the war.A．in;of B．at;over C．by;with D．for;on13．______technology has changed the way we make friends,the meaning of friendship and our longing for friends remain the same.A．Until B．Though C．Since D．Unless14．Which word is formed in the same way as“homesick”?A．unfold B．rainbow C．disqualify D．professional 15．The water in the river was very dirty and smelly in the past but______it is very clear and clean. A．currently B．individually C．creatively D．bitterly16．—I wonder where some of our classmates are?—They______a drama on the stage at the moment.A．practise B．will practise C．are practising D．were practising 17．Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.What is the basic structure of the sentence?______ A．S+V(主语+谓语动词)B．S+V+P(主语+系表结构)C．S+V+IO+DO(主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)D．S+V+O+OC(主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语)18．What is the structure of the sentence“The company offered me a job the day before yesterday”?A．S+V+P(主语+系表结构)B．S+V+O(主语+谓语动词+宾语)C．S+V+O+OC(主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语)D．S+V+IO+DO(主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)19．Helen spent a lot of time______to solve the math problem but she still had trouble______it out. A．trying;to work B．trying;working C．to try;to work D．to try;working 20．We waited for Franklin to come to the party but he did not______until well after midnight.A．work out B．go all out C．calm down D．turn up第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

适当的压力和过度的压力英语作文1. Proper pressure can motivate people to work harder and achieve their goals.2. Overwhelming pressure, on the other hand, can lead to negative consequences such as anxiety and burnout.3. In a work or academic environment, it is important to strike a balance between challenging individuals and overwhelming them with stress.4. Proper pressure allows individuals to developresilience and problem-solving skills.5. On the contrary, excessive pressure can inhibit creativity and hinder productivity.6. It is crucial for managers and educators to understand the difference between proper pressure and excessive pressure.7. In sports, proper pressure can help athletes performat their best, while excessive pressure can lead to performance anxiety.8. Parents play a key role in ensuring that theirchildren are not subjected to unreasonable pressure in academics or extracurricular activities.9. The impact of pressure on mental health is significant, as excessive pressure can contribute to the development of anxiety and depression.10. Proper pressure challenges individuals to reach their full potential, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of inadequacy and fear of failure.11. It is important for individuals to recognize whenthey are experiencing excessive pressure and seek support to manage it effectively.12. The societal demand for perfection can contribute to the prevalence of excessive pressure in various aspects of life.13. Proper pressure creates a healthy sense of urgency and motivation, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of helplessness and hopelessness.14. Employers have a responsibility to ensure that their employees are not subjected to excessive pressure that could negatively impact their well-being.15. The competitive nature of modern society can contribute to the prevalence of excessive pressure in workplaces and educational institutions.16. Proper pressure encourages individuals to strive for excellence, while excessive pressure can lead to severe stress and mental health issues.17. It is important for individuals to set realistic expectations for themselves and others to avoid succumbing to excessive pressure.18. Proper pressure stimulates growth and development, while excessive pressure can lead to stagnation and demotivation.19. The impact of excessive pressure on physical health should not be overlooked, as it can lead to various health issues such as high blood pressure and insomnia.20. Proper pressure fosters a healthy and supportive environment, while excessive pressure can create a toxic and hostile atmosphere.21. Mental health professionals play a crucial role in helping individuals cope with the effects of excessive pressure and develop healthy coping mechanisms.22. The stigma surrounding mental health can contribute to individuals feeling reluctant to seek help when they are struggling with excessive pressure.23. Proper pressure fosters a sense of achievement and pride, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of worthlessness and self-doubt.24. It is important for individuals to communicate their concerns about excessive pressure to their supervisors or educators in order to address the issue effectively.25. Proper pressure creates a sense of responsibility and accountability, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of being overwhelmed and disempowered.26. Peers can play a supportive role in helping each other recognize and cope with the effects of excessive pressure in social and academic environments.27. Many high-stress occupations require individuals to continually manage and cope with the effects of excessive pressure in order to maintain their well-being.28. Proper pressure is essential for driving innovation and progress, while excessive pressure can hinder the ability to think critically and creatively.29. The role of mindfulness and self-care practices is critical for individuals to manage the effects of excessive pressure in their daily lives.30. Proper pressure encourages individuals to strive for excellence while maintaining a healthy work-life balance, while excessive pressure can lead to neglect of personalwell-being.31. It is important for organizations and institutions to provide resources and support for employees and students who may be struggling with the effects of excessive pressure.32. The pervasive nature of excessive pressure in modern society highlights the need for proactive measures to address and mitigate its impact on individuals' well-being.33. Proper pressure fosters a growth mindset and a positive attitude towards challenges, while excessive pressure can lead to a fixed mindset and fear of failure.34. Educating individuals about the signs and symptoms of excessive pressure is crucial for early intervention and prevention of long-term negative effects.35. Proper pressure encourages individuals to seek out support and resources to help them cope with the challenges they face, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of isolation and hopelessness.36. The role of leadership in addressing and reducing the prevalence of excessive pressure in organizational settingsis crucial for creating a healthy and productive work environment.37. Proper pressure fosters a sense of determination and perseverance, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of hopelessness and resignation.38. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders, including employers, educators, and mental health professionals, are essential for addressing the pervasive issue of excessive pressure in society.39. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals' relationships and social interactions should not be underestimated, as it can lead to emotional distancing and conflict.40. Proper pressure promotes a sense of accomplishment and pride in one's work, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt.41. Developing resilience and coping skills is essential for individuals to effectively manage the effects of excessive pressure in their personal and professional lives.42. Addressing the systemic factors that contribute to the prevalence of excessive pressure, such as unrealistic expectations and unhealthy competition, is crucial for creating a healthier and more supportive environment.43. Proper pressure encourages individuals to seek out constructive feedback and learn from their mistakes, while excessive pressure can lead to avoidance and fear of criticism.44. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals' sleep patterns and overall well-being highlights the importance of addressing this issue at both organizational and societal levels.45. Proper pressure allows individuals to take calculated risks and learn from failure, while excessive pressure can lead to avoidance of challenges and missed opportunities for growth.46. Recognizing and acknowledging the signs of excessive pressure in oneself and others is crucial for taking proactive steps to address and mitigate its effects.47. Proper pressure encourages individuals to ask for help and support when needed, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of shame and unworthiness.48. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals' physical health can contribute to the development of chronic stress-related conditions and illnesses.49. Developing a culture of openness and support in workplaces and educational institutions is essential for addressing the effects of excessive pressure and promoting mental well-being.50. Proper pressure fosters a sense of empowerment and autonomy, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of powerlessness and disconnection from one's own agency.51. The role of resilience-building activities, such as mindfulness and self-care practices, is crucial for helping individuals manage and cope with the effects of excessive pressure.52. Proper pressure encourages individuals to set healthy boundaries and prioritize their well-being, while excessive pressure can lead to neglect of self-care and personal needs.53. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals' decision-making abilities and judgment underscores the need for proactive measures to address and mitigate its effects.54. Addressing the root causes of excessive pressure, such as societal expectations and cultural norms, is crucial for creating a more supportive and nurturing environment for individuals.55. Proper pressure encourages individuals to seek out opportunities for growth and development, while excessive pressure can lead to avoidance of challenges and stagnation.56. The role of self-awareness and emotional intelligence in recognizing and managing the effects of excessive pressure is critical for individuals' well-being and resilience.57. Proper pressure fosters a sense of pride and satisfaction in one's accomplishments, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of emptiness and disillusionment.58. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals' mental health and emotional well-being underscores the need for proactive measures to address and mitigate its effects.59. Developing healthy coping mechanisms and stress management techniques is essential for individuals to effectively manage the effects of excessive pressure in their daily lives.60. Proper pressure encourages individuals to maintain a sense of perspective and balance, while excessive pressurecan lead to tunnel vision and fixation on the perceived source of stress.61. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals'self-esteem and sense of worthiness highlights the need for supportive and nurturing environments that promote positive self-image.62. Proper pressure fosters a sense of purpose and commitment to one's goals, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of disillusionment and lack of motivation.63. The role of empathy and compassion in supporting individuals who may be struggling with the effects of excessive pressure is crucial for creating a culture of understanding and support.64. Addressing the systemic factors that perpetuate the prevalence of excessive pressure in various aspects of life is essential for creating a more balanced and nurturing environment for individuals.65. Proper pressure promotes a healthy sense of competition and drive to excel, while excessive pressure can lead to destructive and unhealthy competition among individuals.66. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals' ability to focus and concentrate on their tasks underscores the need for proactive measures to address and mitigate its effects.67. Proper pressure fosters a sense of resilience and adaptability in the face of challenges, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of helplessness and despair.68. The role of self-compassion and self-acceptance in managing the effects of excessive pressure is crucial for individuals' mental and emotional well-being.69. Addressing the impact of excessive pressure on individuals' sense of belonging and connection in theirsocial and professional networks is crucial for creating a supportive and nurturing environment.70. Proper pressure fosters a sense of determination and perseverance in the face of adversity, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of defeat and resignation.71. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals' ability to set and achieve realistic goals underscores the need for proactive measures to address and mitigate its effects.72. Proper pressure encourages individuals to seek out support and resources to help them cope with the challenges they face, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of isolation and hopelessness.73. The role of leadership in addressing and reducing the prevalence of excessive pressure in organizational settings is crucial for creating a healthy and productive work environment.74. Proper pressure fosters a sense of determination and perseverance, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of hopelessness and resignation.75. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders, including employers, educators, and mental health professionals, are essential for addressing the pervasive issue of excessive pressure in society.76. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals' relationships and social interactions should not be underestimated, as it can lead to emotional distancing and conflict.77. Proper pressure promotes a sense of accomplishment and pride in one's work, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt.78. Developing resilience and coping skills is essential for individuals to effectively manage the effects of excessive pressure in their personal and professional lives.79. Addressing the systemic factors that contribute to the prevalence of excessive pressure, such as unrealistic expectations and unhealthy competition, is crucial for creating a healthier and more supportive environment.80. Proper pressure encourages individuals to seek out constructive feedback and learn from their mistakes, while excessive pressure can lead to avoidance and fear of criticism.81. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals' sleep patterns and overall well-being highlights the importance of addressing this issue at both organizational and societal levels.82. Proper pressure allows individuals to take calculated risks and learn from failure, while excessive pressure can lead to avoidance of challenges and missed opportunities for growth.83. Recognizing and acknowledging the signs of excessive pressure in oneself and others is crucial for taking proactive steps to address and mitigate its effects.84. Proper pressure encourages individuals to ask for help and support when needed, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of shame and unworthiness.85. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals' physical health can contribute to the development of chronic stress-related conditions and illnesses.86. Developing a culture of openness and support in workplaces and educational institutions is essential for addressing the effects of excessive pressure and promoting mental well-being.87. Proper pressure fosters a sense of empowerment and autonomy, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of powerlessness and disconnection from one's own agency.88. The role of resilience-building activities, such as mindfulness and self-care practices, is crucial for helping individuals manage and cope with the effects of excessive pressure.89. Proper pressure encourages individuals to set healthy boundaries and prioritize their well-being, while excessive pressure can lead to neglect of self-care and personal needs.90. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals' decision-making abilities and judgment underscores the need for proactive measures to address and mitigate its effects.91. Addressing the root causes of excessive pressure, such as societal expectations and cultural norms, is crucial for creating a more supportive and nurturing environment for individuals.92. Proper pressure encourages individuals to seek out opportunities for growth and development, while excessive pressure can lead to avoidance of challenges and stagnation.93. The role of self-awareness and emotional intelligence in recognizing and managing the effects of excessive pressure is critical for individuals' well-being and resilience.94. Proper pressure fosters a sense of pride and satisfaction in one's accomplishments, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of emptiness and disillusionment.95. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals' mental health and emotional well-being underscores the need for proactive measures to address and mitigate its effects.96. Developing healthy coping mechanisms and stress management techniques is essential for individuals to effectively manage the effects of excessive pressure in their daily lives.97. Proper pressure encourages individuals to maintain a sense of perspective and balance, while excessive pressurecan lead to tunnel vision and fixation on the perceived source of stress.98. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals'self-esteem and sense of worthiness highlights the need for supportive and nurturing environments that promote positive self-image.99. Proper pressure fosters a sense of purpose and commitment to one's goals, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of disillusionment and lack of motivation.100. The role of empathy and compassion in supporting individuals who may be struggling with the effects of excessive pressure is crucial for creating a culture of understanding and support.101. Addressing the systemic factors that perpetuate the prevalence of excessive pressure in various aspects of life is essential for creating a more balanced and nurturing environment for individuals.102. Proper pressure promotes a healthy sense of competition and drive to excel, while excessive pressure can lead to destructive and unhealthy competition among individuals.103. The impact of excessive pressure on individuals' ability to focus and concentrate on their tasks underscores the need for proactive measures to address and mitigate its effects.104. Proper pressure fosters a sense of resilience and adaptability in the face of challenges, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of helplessness and despair.105. The role of self-compassion and self-acceptance in managing the effects of excessive pressure is crucial for individuals' mental and emotional well-being.106. Addressing the impact of excessive pressure on individuals' sense of belonging and connection in theirsocial and professional networks is crucial for creating a supportive and nurturing environment.107. Proper pressure fosters a sense of determination and perseverance in the face of adversity, while excessive pressure can lead to feelings of defeat and resignation.。

2021 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题(第 2 套)答案解析Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay titled “Is technology making people lazy?”The statement given below is for your reference. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Many studies claim that computers distract people, make them lazy thinkers and evenlower their work efficiency.【参考范文】Is technology making people lazy?No one could deny the fact that we are living in an age where the advancements of technology are continuing to accelerate and changing every aspect of our life. At the same time, there has been widespread public debate over whether technology can make people lazy.On the one hand, some people hold the view that technological advancements have really offered more convenient and effective choices for us to communicate, learn and work. For example, learners are flooded with learning opportunities at their fingertips. But on the other hand, there is a risk that technology can make people lazy. This is due to the fact that modern people nowadays are heavily reliant on technological inventions. For instance, many young people always indulge in online social media platforms or computer games and thus are reluctant to do physical exercise on a regular basis. Besides, some students depend on using a calculator to work out simple math problems.In conclusion, technological advancements can bring us both benefits and problems. In view of the risk mentioned above, I highly suggest that we should avoid relying too much on technology. 【解析】这篇作文需要就题目给出的问题Is technology making people lazy? 发表自己的看法。