宾语从句讲解及练习
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宾语从句一、宾语从句的概念宾语从句即句子作宾语,而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。
I like my teacher.(名词作宾语)I know him .(代词作宾语)I know Mr Li teaches English. (句子作宾语)包含宾语从句的句子结构:主句+连接词(引导词)+宾语从句二、宾语从句三要素(一)连接词①that 用于一般陈述句之中Eg: You are right. -- > I think you are right.②whether/if 用于一般疑问句之中whether/if的区别:A.与or not连用只能用whetherB.介词后只能用whetherC.与to do不定式连用只能用whetherD.作主语放句首只能用whether用于条件状语从句中,当“如果”讲只能用ifEg: Are you right ? -- > I wonder whether / if you are right.③连接代词who whom whose what which (做adj.)连接副词when why where how用于特殊疑问句之中Eg: What did you do ? -- She asked what you had done ?(二)语序:陈述句语序即:陈述句结构(主+谓+连接词+主+谓+其他成分)She asked what you had done ?三、时态(时态一致性)1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定,可以是任意时态。
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
例如:3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,即使主句用了过去时,从句仍用现在时态。
四、宾语从句与简单句的转换①当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose 等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
九年级宾语从句讲解及练习宾语从句是英语复合句中非常重要的一种从句,用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语。
它可以做介词或及物动词的宾语。
下面从三个方面总结归纳宾语从句。
一、引导词A.由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say。
think。
wish。
hope。
see。
believe。
agree。
expect。
hear。
XXX等动词后。
that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中。
例如:I told him that he was wrong.在think。
believe。
suppose。
expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。
例如:I don’t think you are right。
(我认为你做的不对)在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。
例如:We think it wrong that he told a lie to XXX(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)B.由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。
XXX和if可以替换。
例如:I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow。
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished XXX.注意:1.在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导。
例如:Everything depends on whether we have XXX.2.宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导。
例如:I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.3.和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导。
例如:Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.C.由wh-引导的宾语从句。
宾语从句【直接引语变间接引语】直接引语变间接引语就是将引语部分写成宾语从句或动词不定式短语,要注意以下几点:人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。
句型变化:(注意引导词)B.2、主句是一般过去时态时,从句时态用相应的过去时。
3、若从句为客观理论、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时,不受主句时态限制,从句仍用一般现在时。
C. 人称变化:如果直接引语中的人称是转述人本身,必须改为与转述人一致的人称代词。
“一随主,二随宾,三不变”1. She said, “My brother wants to go with me.”( She said her brother wanted to go with her.)2. He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?”( He asked Kate how her sister was then. )3. Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.”(Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker)D. 时间状语变化:1. now → then2. this year → that year3. yesterday → the day before4. last week → the week before5. three days ago → three days before6. tomorrow → the next day7. next week → the week after 8. today → that day9. ago→ before st night → the night before11.the day before yesterday →two days beforeE. 其它:this → that, these → those, here → there, come → go.Bring →take(注意:表中这些情况,要根据具体情况而定,不可机械照搬。
者某些形容词的宾语。
由于宾语从句涉及到引导词、语序、时态等多方面的内容,所以宾语从句的用法一直是学习的重点难点。
本文对宾语从句的用法进行了详尽讲解并附有专项练习,现分述如下:一•宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。
有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
二•宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词:who, whose, what ,which畐H词:when ,where, how, why 等。
(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)1.可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest,hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets ・2•引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略:(1)・宾语从句前有插入语。
如:We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
(2). 有间接宾语时。
如:He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。
初中宾语从句一、定义宾语从句是英语复合句中非常重要的从句之一,也是初中阶段要求重点掌握的从句。
宾语从句属于名词性从句,是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语。
宾语从句一般做介词或及物动词的宾语,如:We all expect that they will win.我们所有人都盼着他们能赢。
(动宾)We are talking about whether we should keep the money.我们正在讨论是否应该收下这笔钱。
(介宾)二、宾语从句的连接词宾语从句的引导词很多样,基本涵盖了从句中涉及的所有引导词,可分为从1. 若主句是现在时的某种时态(一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时),宾语从句不受限制,可以根据实际情况随意穿越,如:I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
He has told me that he will leave for Shanghai next week.他已经告诉我下周他就要动身去上海了。
2. 若主句是过去时的某种时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时),如:I only knew he was studying in a western country.我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书。
My teacher told me that Mrs. Rosemary had been back to Australia already.我的老师告诉我,Rosemary夫人已经回澳大利亚了。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高。
3. 若从句是一个客观真理,那么从句用一般现在时,不根据主句的时态而变化,如:He told me that the earth goes around the sun.(真理)他告诉我地球围着太阳转。
宾语从句知识全解1. 宾语从句的理解常见的宾语有两种情况,一是名词或代词,二是介词+名词或代词(介宾)如:I miss you/my friend (其中you/my friend 就是代词/名词)He is looking at me/my face (其中at me/my face 介词+名词或代词) 结论:一般情况下,宾语都是一个词/介词+一个词 在观察以下句子 I don ’t know you (原来是一个词当宾语)I don ’t know if you are right (现在是一个句子)结论:将宾语变为一句话的句子就是宾语从句2. 宾语从句的判断思考:英语句子有很多!怎么判断哪些是宾语从句呢?技巧:常见的宾语从句情况有两种结论:记住两种情况一是动词+句子,二是介词+句子,两种即为宾语从句3. 宾语从句的引导词的理解思考:宾语从句为什么需要引导词?不用引导词不是更加简单?语言的作用是用简洁清晰表达想表达的,为什么要加引导词增加复杂程度?我们对比以下两个句子,找一下答案:I don ’t know he is a student.(先不考虑可以省略的情况)(对于一个句子只有一个动词的原则,这里出现了两个动词,一个句子不可能出现两个动词,而又没有连接词,容易让读者产生误会,认为这句话有语法错误。
)I don ’t know that he is a student.(整个句子虽然有两个动词,但是因为第二个句子开头有一个引导词“that ”(其作用相当于连接词)连接,符合一个句子一个动词原则即,句子+连接词+句子)结论:引导词有代替连接词的作用,可以帮助读者理解句子的结构动词+句子I don ’t know if you are right. 介词+句子 We are talking about if it will rain tomorrow. 宾语从句1.判断以下句子哪个是宾语从句()A.Teacher told that the sun is bigger than the moon to us.B.I have hated him since I was five.C. The children go to school by car every day.D.I met the man who is my friend’s uncle yesterday at school.解析:根据一是动词+句子,二是介词+句子的两种情况,只有A选项符合以上的情况。
宾语从句专项讲解及练习(有答案)宾语从句一、基本概念定义:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、宾语从句分类动词的宾语从句e.g.He asked whose handwriting was the best.介词的宾语从句e.g.It depends on whether it is going to rain.形容词的宾语从句,即系词+心理状态形容词+宾语e.g I am afraid that he can't finish the work.三、宾语从句用法详解1.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
即主语+谓语的顺序。
如:I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when we’ll hav e the meeting.注意:在宾语从句中带有特殊疑问词但句序不变的句子:What’s the matter?What’s your trouble?What’s your problem?What’s up?What’s your name?典型例题1.Can you tell me ____?A .whom do we have to see B. whom we have to see2. The teacher asked the students ____.A. what they were doingB. what were they doing3. She wants to know____.A. where does he liveB. Where he lives4. Her father asked _____.A. who the tallest isB. who is the tallest5.Do you know ____?A. what is on the desk B . what on the desk is答案:BABBA2.宾语从句的时态1). 若主句时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解-专项练习及答案初中英语语法宾语从句讲解小口诀:宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;陈述转化that引,一般疑问用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。
概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
Eg:He said,“I am good at drawing”.He said he was good at drawing。
(动词宾语)1.引导词1) that引导宾语从句时,通常用陈述句充当。
that可省略。
said,“I want to go there”She said (that) she wanted to go there.(2) whether或if引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当,陈述语序。
Eg:“Are you interested in geography?”she said.She asked if/whether I was XXX.I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei。
I’m not sure whether he will come or not.注意:一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外a.介词短语后只用whether不用ifeg: XXX about whether we'll go on the panic.b.引导词与动词不定式或or not连用时,只用whether.eg:I can’t say whether or not he will come on timec。
if当如果讲时,指导的是前提状语从句,透露表现‘如果’,不能用whether.Eg: If you want to be a good teacher。
it will take times.XXX succeed depends on how much effort you pay.3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时,不可省略,陈述句语序。
宾语从句练习题及讲解高中1. 题目:请将下列句子改写为宾语从句。
- 原句:老师告诉我们,明天要进行数学考试。
- 改写:老师告诉我们明天要进行数学考试。
2. 题目:根据所给的宾语从句,判断下列句子是否正确,并给出正确的形式。
- 原句:I don't know what time is the meeting.- 正确形式:I don't know what time the meeting is.3. 题目:将下列句子中的宾语从句提取出来,并翻译成英文。
- 原句:我相信他能解决这个问题。
- 提取:他能解决这个问题。
- 翻译:He can solve this problem.4. 题目:使用适当的连接词将下列句子连接成一个复合句。
- 句子1:我们去了公园。
句子2:公园里有很多花。
- 复合句:我们去了公园,因为公园里有很多花。
5. 题目:根据所给的宾语从句,选择正确的主句形式。
- 宾语从句:他会来参加晚会。
- 主句选项:A. 我希望B. 我怀疑C. 我确信- 正确选择:C. 我确信6. 题目:将下列宾语从句翻译成英文,并注意时态的一致性。
- 宾语从句:他说他明天会来。
- 翻译:He said that he would come tomorrow.7. 题目:根据所给的宾语从句,判断下列句子是否使用了正确的时态。
- 宾语从句:她问我是否喜欢这部电影。
- 句子:She asked me if I like this movie.- 判断:错误,应使用过去时态。
8. 题目:将下列句子改写为宾语从句,并注意使用正确的连接词。
- 原句:他们决定去海边度假。
- 改写:他们决定去海边度假是因为他们喜欢海。
9. 题目:根据所给的宾语从句,选择正确的主句形式。
- 宾语从句:我们不知道他是否通过了考试。
- 主句选项:A. 我们希望B. 我们担心C. 我们确信- 正确选择:B. 我们担心10. 题目:使用宾语从句完成下列对话。
宾语从句讲解及练习一、定义:在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、种类:根据引导宾语从句的不同连接词,宾语从句可以分为三类:1、由“that”引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略)。
E.g. He says (that) he is at home. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2、由“疑问词”(what,where,who,whom,how 等)引导的宾语从句(这些词在句子中充当一定的句子成分,因此不能省略,疑问词后要用陈述句语序,还可以改为:疑问词+to do。
)E.g.Do you know what he wants to buy? I wondered what to do next?Could you please tell me where we will have a meeting?= Could you please tell me where to have a meeting?3、由“if/whether”引导的宾语从句。
(if/whether“是否”之意,一般可以互换。
)Eg.I want to know if/whether he lives there. 注:下列情况只能用whether,不能用if。
●与or not 连用时。
E.g. I don’t know whether he loves me or not.●介词后(作介词的宾语时)。
E.g.Everything depends on (取决于)whether we have enough time.●不定式前(放在不定式前,与不定式构成词组) E.g.I can’t decide whether to stay(留下来). 。
●用if 会引起歧义时。
E.g.Could you tell me whether(if 如果或是否)you know him?三、宾语从句的语序:用陈述句语序。
E.g.Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?(不能用can I )四、宾语从句的时态:(主句时态和从句时态要一致)1、如果主句为一般现在时,从句时态不受限(时态依语境来决定)。
E.g.He says (that) he has seen this film. Please tell me where he is. He says (that) he is seeing the film.I want to know whether he will give back the book tomorrow.2、如果主句为一般过去时,从句应使用相应的过去某种时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时等)E.g.He told me (that) he was preparing for the sports meet. Did you know when he would be back(将会回来)?3、从句所陈述的内容为客观真理,无论主句用何种时态,从句都要用一般现在时(与主句无关)。
E.g.The teacher told us( that )the earth goes around the sun. The teacher said( that )light travels faster than sound.The teacher said( that )January is the first month of the year.五、注意情况:(否定转移及状语从句)1.宾语从句的否定转移:宾语从句表否定意义时,如果主句的主语是第一人称且谓语动词为think, believe, suppose,expect 等时,否定要转移到主句的谓语动词中。
I don’t believe /think he will come. (对) I believe /think he won’t come.(错)●当宾语从句的否定转移时,若主句的主语为第一人称(I/we)时,则该句的反意疑问句由从句来决定。
E.g. I don’t think(that) he is a student, is he?我认为他不是学生,对吗?●若主句的主语不是第一人称(I/we)时,则该句的反意疑问句由主句来决定。
E.g. Y ou believe (that) he will come here soon, don’t you?2.If 引导的条件状语从句时态采用:主将从现。
E.g.If you ask him, he will help you.= He will help you if you ask hi m.你来试一试1.The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2. Jim said that she ___ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3. The students want to know whether they___ dictation (听写) today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are4. She asked Linda if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5. Linda said the moon___ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled6.Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that7.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where8.I hardly understand.___ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who9.She didn't know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be10.I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when11.Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how12.He asked me _____told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose13.They don't know ______their parents are. A that B what C why D which14.Please tell me what_____ last year.A.where does your sister workB. where did your sister workC. where your sister works D where your sister worked15.She asked me if I knew ______. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it16.Y ou must remember ________. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said whatD. what has your mother said17.Did you know ____? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking forC. who he is looking forD. who he is looking after18.Could you tell me ___? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave BeijingD. when did they leave Beijing19.I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow._________ he comes,I'll tell you.A.if;Whether B.whether;Whether C.if;That D.if;If20.I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.A.when does he come B.how will he come C.if he comes D.whether he'll come21.Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?A.what B.how C.whether D.where22.Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?A.how did he mend B.what did he mend C.what he mended D. how he mended23.I want to know _________ .A.whom is she looking after B.whom she is looking C.whom is she looking D.whom she is looking after24.Do you know where _________ now?A.did he live B.does he live C.he lived D.he lives25.Do you know what time _________ ?A.the train leave B.does the train leave C.will the train leave D.the train leaves26.I don't know _________ .Can you tell me, please? A.how the two players are old B.how old are the two playersC.the two players are how oldD.how old the two players are27.The small children don't know _________ .A.what is their stockings in B.what in their stockings C.where is their stockings in D.what is in their stockings28.I can't understand _________ .A.what does Christmas mean B.what Christmas does meanC.what mean Christmas does D.what Christmas means29.Do you know how much hot water_______? A.Mum is needed B.does Mum need C.Mum needs D.did Mum need30.Can you tell me_______? A.where he is B.where is he C.he is where D.what is he31.I didn't know how _______ to London? A.would they go B.are they going C.they would go D.they are going32.I want to know how long_______. A.has he been back B.has he come back C.he has been back D.he has come back33.Do you know _______? A.what the news are B.what is the news C.what the news is D.what are the news34.He will write to you as soon as he _______ to Shanghai. A.gets B.is getting C.will get D.shall get35.If it _______ tomorrow, we'll go to the Great wall. A.doesn't rain B.won't rain C.not rains D.isn't rain36.Could you tell me_______ we get to the plane? A.how B.whether C.where D.what37.When they got to the cinema, the film ____ for the ten minutes. A.had been on B.has begun C.began D.had begun II.按要求转换句型。