华盛顿欧文自述第三段

英美文学之华盛顿欧文华盛顿·欧文(Washington Irving, 1783 年4 月3 日– 1859年11月28日)美国作家。

出生于纽约。

他的父亲是纽约富有的五金商人，长老会执事，政治上反对英国殖民统治；他敬重华盛顿，因而给儿子取名为华盛顿。

欧文幼年体弱多病，16岁辍学，先后在几个律师事务所学法律，但对法律并没有兴趣，喜爱文学，从小喜欢看《鲁滨逊漂流记》、《格列佛游记》这种历险故事，还常常钻到剧院里去看戏。

欧文后来最知名的作品是《见闻札记》，写的就是在外游历的故事，不能不说是幼时受到了读书的影响。

1802年，19岁的欧文在《早晨纪事报》上发表了几篇书信体散文，崭露头角。

1804年因病赴欧洲休养，到过法国、意大利和英国，作了大量旅途笔记，为以后的创作积累了丰富的素材，一度想成为画家。

1806年回国后在弗吉尼亚州任律师，后帮助他的两个哥哥经营进口生意。

他对法律和经商之道都不甚精通。

这时他与律师霍夫曼的女儿玛蒂尔达订婚，妻子早逝于1809年，后来他虽有过几次恋爱，却一直过着独身生活。

1807年，他和哥哥威廉等人共同创办一种不定期刊物《杂拌》，沿袭18世纪英国作家乔纳森·斯威夫特、亨利·菲尔丁以及约瑟夫·艾迪生和理查德·斯梯尔的《旁观者》的传统，开始了他的文学创作活动，显露出他的幽默、风趣和含蓄的讽刺才能。

欧文的第一部重要作品是化名狄德里希·尼克尔包克尔所写《纽约外史》(A History of New York，1809年)，作者自称它的主要目的在于“以逗趣的形式体现我们这个城市的传统；阐述本地人的脾性、风俗和特色；给本地的风光与场所以及熟悉的人物披上一层唤起想象力的怪念丛生的联想”。

书中讽刺了荷兰殖民者在纽约的统治，驳斥了殖民主义者为奴役和屠杀印第安人所制造的荒谬的论据。

这部作品受到欧美广大读者的欢迎，英国小说家沃尔特·司各特曾说,他从未读过这样酷似斯威夫特的风格的作品。

1.Early years’ experience and accumulation1、儿时Washington Irving was born in Manhattan, New York City, in 1783. His family was part of the city's small, vibrant merchant class. At the same week, The United States defeated the British achieved the victory of the revolution of independence. So his family named him after the hero of revolution, George Washington.Ivring was invalid when he was young and finally leave school when he was 16. After that he worked as a student in several law firms, but he has no interest in law. On the contrary, he was fond of literature ever since he was a child. He like to read adventure stories, such as Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver's Travels. And he had often sneaking into theatres to watch dramas. His brothers often encourage him to pursued his literary aspirations with financially support.In 1798, Manhattan outbreaks of yellow fever. Considered for Ivring’s safty, his family send him to Tarrytown. “Sleepy Hollow” is located a short distance away from Tarrytown. In there, Ivring became familiar with its quaint Dutch customs and local ghost stories. Ivring also made several other trips along the Hudson river. During these trips, he passed through the Gatskill mountain region, it’s the setting for “Rip Van Winkle”. These experiences have a powerful witching effect on Ivring’s boyish imagination, as himself said.2、少年时期At the age of 19, Irving began writing letters to the New York Morning Chronicle. These letters were comments on the city's news or theater scene. These letters bring Ivring both fame and infamy.Concerned for his health, Irving's brothers financed him to travel around Europe from 1804 to 1806. Irving bypassed many sites and locations which is be nefit for a of a young man’s development, including France, Italy and England. He had took a large number of travel notes during this experience, which accumulated meaningful materials for his later creation. While visiting Rome in 1805, he once want be a painter.二、成就After returned from Europe, he had been worked as a layer in Virginia, after that he helped his two brothers with their import business. But he’s not good at law, nor good at business. At the same time, Irving began actively socializing with a group of literate young men. And in 1807, Collaborating with his brother William and those young men, Irving created the literary magazine Salmagundi . In Salmagundi, Ivring comment New York culture and politics in a manner of lampoon. Ivring r evealed his talent of humor, witty and satire. It spreading Ivring’s fame beyond New York City.The first important work of Ivirng is A History of New-York under the pseudonymof Diedrich Knickerbocker. This work was making a great hit with the reading public.Before this, although America has been independence more than thirty years, but in literature, it has failed to get rid of the shackles of Britain all the time. Ivring use American’s local subject matters to write A History of New-York have important significance to promote American’s National literature.美国作为一个新生的独立国家，各方面百业待兴。

名人传记英文短篇故事在历史上有很对伟大的人物，那么这些伟大的人物有哪些呢?下面是小编精心整理的英语名人传记，看看有没有你认识的吧。

名人传记：华盛顿Washington was the first president of the U.S. He was very clever even when he was still a 12-year-old-boy.Once a thief stole some money from Uncle Post, Washington's neighbor. The door of the house was not broken, and things in the room were in good order. Washington concluded that the thief must have been committed by one of the villagers.That evening at the villagers' meeting the said, "We don't know who stole the money but God does. God sends his wasp1 to tell good from evil. Every night the wasp flies among us but few people notice it…" Then, all of a sudden Washington waved his hand and cried out, "Look! The wasp has landed on the thief's hat. It is going to sting2!"The crowd burst into an uproar3. Everybody turned to look for the thief. But soon the noise died down. All eyes were fixed4 on a man who was trying hard to drive the "Wasp" off his hat."Now we know who stole the money," Washington said with a smile.华盛顿是美国的第一任总统，他在12岁时就十分聪明。

名人励志故事坚持梦想的勇气与决心名人励志故事——坚持梦想的勇气与决心在人们的心目中，名人往往被赋予了无与伦比的光环，他们的成功被视为一种奇迹，似乎与常人的生活毫不相干。

然而，如果我们仔细研究名人们的经历，就会发现，无论是身处逆境还是面临困难，他们都展现了坚持梦想所需的勇气与决心。

本文将通过一些名人励志故事，探讨他们是如何在逆境中坚持梦想，并最终取得成功的。

【段落1】华盛顿·欧文是一位拥有强烈梦想的黑人运动员。

在20世纪30年代的美国，对于黑人而言，面临的种族隔离与歧视无所不在。

然而，欧文并没有被这些逆境和困难击垮。

他在1936年的柏林奥运会上，破天荒地获得了4枚金牌，成为了当时全世界瞩目的焦点。

【段落2】华盛顿·欧文的成功离不开他的勇气与决心。

虽然面对着美国社会的种族隔离，他始终坚持自己对运动的热爱与激情。

他勇敢地挑战了当时的局限，通过自己的努力与勇气，向世人证明了黑人也可以在运动领域取得辉煌的成就。

【段落3】另一个例子是史蒂夫·乔布斯，他是苹果公司的创始人之一。

乔布斯年轻时创办了苹果公司，然而由于多种原因，他被公司逐出，陷入了事业的低谷。

尽管面临巨大的压力和困境，乔布斯并没有放弃。

他坚持自己对科技创新的梦想，并最终重新回到苹果公司，将其带向了巅峰。

【段落4】乔布斯的故事告诉我们，坚持梦想需要有无尽的勇气与决心。

他曾说过：“记住你即将死亡，从而活出每一天。

”这句话凸显了他对于持续追求梦想的执着和决心。

正是这种勇气和决心，让乔布斯能够在逆境中找到机会，最终实现了他的梦想。

【段落5】除了华盛顿·欧文和史蒂夫·乔布斯，还有许多其他名人也展现了坚持梦想所需的勇气与决心。

比如，贝多芬在失去听力的情况下仍然坚持创作音乐，马克·扎克伯格在大学时期创立了Facebook，克里斯托弗·诺兰在拍摄电影《盗梦空间》时面临财政困境等等。

【段落6】这些名人励志故事告诉我们，坚持梦想的道路并不平坦，面对挑战和困难时需要有勇气和决心。

Washington Irving: Father of American LiteratureAs is known to all, Washington Irving is honored as “Father of American Literature”He has made great contributions to the development of American literature in many fields.However, there are some people arguing that Washington Irving should n’t be regarded as “Father of American Literature”. In the article"驳华盛顿·欧文是‘美国文学之父’说",the author holds that"无论就作品的主题而言，还是就写作风格而言，欧文都不应该被称作‘美国文学之父’”. He demonstrates his viewpoint from four aspects. Firstly, Irving has a strong feeling of dependency to Europe; secondly, most materials of his works derive from Europe; thirdly, his language has a typical style of British English; finally, Irving has become emotionally estranged from America after living in Europe for most of his lifetime. Therefore, he thinks that Irving can’t truly represent American literature and he isn’t worthy of the name of “Father of American Literature”.From my point of view, this argument is not persuasive enough. I still firmly believe that Irving lives up to his reputation.To begin with, as a matter of fact, Washington Irving is the first to write according to American subjects and attain international reputation. Together with Cooper, Irving starts the new Romantic period. Many of their works describe American historical legends, social customs and natural scenery. Their works reflect the American people’s efforts to break through the shackles of European literature and lay solid foundations for the development of independent American literature. So I can’t agree with the above viewpoint that Irving can’t be called “Father of American Literature”for his works subjects.Next, Europe has provided Irving with the creation sources, which is a necessary though not a sufficient condition for Irving’s works. We can’t deny that most of his works take European folk tales as the source materials. But this does not prove that Irving is not a real American writer. When he was in Europe, he positively plunged into the thick of life and observed life carefully, which made it possible for him to accumulate the rich creation source materials. However, although his materials are collected from the European folk tales, Irving doesn’t imitate European stories indiscriminately when writing. Instead, he has endowed them with American style with his gifted pen. He absorbs the cream of European culture and literature and creates his unique wring style that is fresh, natuiral, humorous and musical. Besides, Irving has a deal of sentiment for American. After all, he is an American. Every citizen has a special feeling for his motherland. Although Irving has spent most of his lifetime in Europe, he still stayed at his motherland by his heart. He alsoworked for America when he was abroad. For example, he worked as secretary of the American legation in London from 1827 to 1831. And after seventeen years abroad he returned with the desire to portray his own country again. Many of his works are about American. Though Irving has nostalgic feelings, which seems to be incompatible with the times he lived in. It does not mean that he does not love his country.Finally, it is universally acknowledged that Washington Irving has made great achievements in literature and has made an enormous contribution to the development of American literature. Just as mentioned in the article"华盛顿·欧文——激活美国文学创作潜力的巨人",calling Irving “Father of American Literature”is not an exaggeration at all.”或许欧文在某些方面的重要性不及爱默生、马克·吐温、爱伦·坡等人，但他对于激活美国文学创作潜力的作用却是无可替代的，是欧文使美国文坛出现了白花齐放的繁荣局面，也是欧文使美国文学真正成为世界文化大家庭中的重要一员，称其为美国文学的巨人是实至名归。