动词ing形式详解
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动词ing的五种用法动词的 ing 形式,也就是现在分词和动名词,在英语中有着广泛且重要的用法。
接下来,咱们就一起来详细了解一下动词 ing 的五种常见用法。
一、作主语动词 ing 形式作主语时,表示经常的、习惯性的动作或者是抽象的概念。
比如:“Swimming is my favorite sport”(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)在这个句子中,“swimming”就是动词 ing 形式作主语,强调游泳这个活动整体。
再比如:“Reading aloud is very helpful”(大声朗读非常有帮助。
)这里“reading aloud”作为主语,指的是大声朗读这种行为。
需要注意的是,动词 ing 形式作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
二、作宾语有些动词后面只能接动词 ing 形式作宾语,常见的这类动词有:enjoy(喜欢),finish(完成),practise(练习),mind(介意),suggest(建议)等。
例如:“I enjoy reading books in my spare time”(我喜欢在业余时间读书。
)“enjoy”后面就接了“reading”这个动词 ing 形式。
“Have you finished doing your homework?”(你做完作业了吗?)“finish”后面接“doing”。
“Would you mind opening the window?”(你介意打开窗户吗?)“mind”接“opening”。
三、作表语动词 ing 形式作表语时,往往表示主语所具有的特征或性质。
例如:“The story is very interesting”(这个故事很有趣。
)“interesting”就是动词 ing 形式,用来描述“the story”的性质。
再比如:“His job is teaching English”(他的工作是教英语。
)“teaching English”作为表语,说明了他的工作内容。
动词-ing形式的用法及变化规则
动词-ing形式是英语中常见的一种形式,可以作为动词、形容词或名词使用。
本文将介绍动词-ing形式的用法和变化规则。
一、动词-ing的用法:
1. 表示正在进行的动作:如"I am reading a book."(我正在读一本书。
)
2. 表示惯性或持续性的动作:如"I enjoy swimming."(我喜欢游泳。
)
3. 表示原因或结果:如"She cried, feeling sad."(她哭了,感到难过。
)
4. 在某些动词后作宾语:如"I like playing soccer."(我喜欢踢足球。
)
二、动词-ing的变化规则:
1. 一般情况下,在动词原形后加-ing:如"go"变为"going"。
2. 以字母e结尾的动词,在去掉e后加-ing:如"take"变为"taking"。
3. 写法为辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词,应双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ing:如"run"变为"running"。
4. 以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾辅音字母,再加-ing:如"swim"变为"swimming"。
总之,动词-ing形式在英语中的用法丰富多样,掌握好用法和变化规则,有助于提升语言表达的准确性和流畅性。
(以上内容仅供参考,不作为法律依据。
)。
动词ing的用法总结动词-ing形式在英语中有多种用法,我会从不同角度来总结一下。
1. 进行时态,动词-ing形式可用于表示正在进行的动作或状态。
例如,“She is reading a book”(她正在看书),“They are playing football”(他们正在踢足球)。
2. 动名词,动词-ing形式可以用作名词,表示某种活动或动作。
例如,“Swimming is good exercise”(游泳是一种很好的锻炼),“I enjoy dancing”(我喜欢跳舞)。
3. 形容词,动词-ing形式也可以用作形容词,描述某物的特征或状态。
例如,“The movie was boring”(这部电影很无聊),“I find the book interesting”(我觉得这本书很有趣)。
4. 动词不定式的替代形式,有些动词后面可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,而不接动词不定式。
例如,“I enjoy swimming”(我喜欢游泳),“He admitted stealing the money”(他承认偷了那笔钱)。
5. 表示原因或条件,动词-ing形式可以用来表示原因或条件。
例如,“Being tired, she went to bed early”(因为累了,她早早就上床睡觉了),“Without studying, you won't pass the exam”(不学习的话,你就通不过考试)。
总的来说,动词-ing形式在英语中有多种用法,包括进行时态、动名词、形容词、动词不定式的替代形式以及表示原因或条件等。
掌握这些用法可以帮助我们更准确地理解和运用动词-ing形式。
一、动词的ing形式可以充当的成分判断练习:Seeing is believing.I suggested asking his brother for some money.China is a developing country.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.His father died, leaving him a lot of money.Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.二、动词ing形式成分1.动词的-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。
Seeing is believing.Collecting stamps is interesting.注意:为了保持句子平衡,通常用先行词it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句末。
注意动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。
It is no use crying over spilt milk.It's a waste of time arguing about it.2.动词的-ing形式作表语动词的-ing形式作表语的有两种不同的含义:1.表示主语的内容是什么。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.2.表示主语具有的特征。
The problem is quite puzzling.The food at the dinner party did not seem very inviting.比较:一般说来,动词的-ing形式表示一般性、习惯性或抽象性的动作,时间概念不强。
动词ing形式的用法及变化规则一.动词ing形式的用法1.正在进行时中,谓语动词后加i ng. 如:I'm playin g footba ll.2.一些特殊表达..如: be good at doingsthenjoydoingsth.be busy doingfeel like doingthankyou for doingdo some cookin g/cleani ng/readin g/shoppi ng/washin ggo swimmi ng/fishin g/shoppi ng/skatin g/boatin g二.动词现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成,其规则如下:1)一般情况下直接加ing think---thinki ng sleep---sleepi ngstudy---studyi ng speak---speaki ngcarry---carryi ng say---saying2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ingwake---waking make---making come---comingtake---taking leave---leavin g have---having3)以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing。
初中学过的这类词有:begin,cut, get, hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig, forget, regret, rid, 等。
(visit不是以重读闭音节结尾,不用双写)travel虽然重读第一音节,词尾音节不重读,但是现在分词仍要双写末尾辅音字母,然后再加in g ,如:travel---travel ling.初中阶段此类词只有这一个。
动词–ing形式概述:动词-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”和“现在分词”两个部分。
动词-ing形式具有动词的特征,同时又有名词,形容词,副词的特征,因此它可以再句子中作主语,宾语,表语,定语,宾语补足语和状语。
一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类与动词不定式一样,动词ing形式也有动词的特征,有时态和语态的变化,并可带状语,宾1、动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作,没有特别的时间意义例:Swimming is her favorite sport.2、动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作例:They went out of the classroom ,talking and laughing.3、动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可以表示在谓语动词动作之前或之后发生的动作例:I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.B、动词-ing形式的完成式动词-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作,这个动词发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
例:Having lived in this city for three years , she knows it very well.C、动词-ing形式的被动式动词-ing形式的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受着。
1、一般式的被动式例:The question being discussed is very important.2、完成式的被动式例:Having been shown the lab , we are taken to see the library.D、动词-ing形式的否定式动词-ing形式的否定式由“not+动词-ing形式”构成。
例:His not coming made everyone present very disappointed.二、动词-ing形式的用法A、动词-ing形式作宾语1、直接于句首作主语例:Seeingis believing.2、为了保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主语例:It’s a waste of time arguing about it.B、动词-ing形式作表语1、例:2、例:C、动词-ing1、例:2、作介词的宾语1)、动词+介词+动词-ing例:Jason aims at becoming an astronaut.2)、动词+名词+介词+动词-ing例:Please excuse me for being late.3)、名词+介词+动词-ing例:We like his way of teaching English.4)、形容词+介词+动词-ing例:I’m tired of having the same food everyday.5)、What/How about +动词-ing例:What about going for a walk.D、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语例:I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.E、动词-ing形式作状语1、表示时间,相当于一个时定状语从句例:Seeing those photos , she remembered her childhood.2、表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句例:Being ill ,he didn’t go to school yesterday.3、表示结果,相当于一个并列谓语例:His father died , leaving him a lot of money.4、表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句例:Working hard at your lessons , you will success.5、表示让步,相当于一个让步状语从句例:Knowing all this , they made me pay for the damage.F、动词-ing形式作定语1、单个的动词-ing形式可以做前置定语例:a reading room running shoesdeveloping countries a puzzling problem2、作定语的动词-ing形式如果是一个短语,则应放在修饰词后面例:They lived in a house facing south.3、某些情况下,动词-ing形式不能作定语,必须使句定语从句例:The professorwho come here yesterday will give us a talk.。
概念引入The music they are playing sounds so e*citing .We watched three boys sharing their food with eachOur job is playing all kinds of music .The girl singing now is a classmate of mine用法讲解非谓语动词中的ing形式包括两种:一种是动名词,另外一种是现在分词。
•根本形式:1、-ing形式作表语1) -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指*种动作或行为,以说明主语的具体内容(身份、性质或情况)。
如:Her hobby is painting.她的业余爱好是画画。
My job is looking after the children.我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。
2) –ing用来表示主语所具有的特征,如:His concern for his mother is most touching.他对母亲的关爱很感人。
His words are encouraging.他的话很鼓舞人。
2、-ing形式作定语1). 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途,如:building materials= materials for building 建筑材料drinking water= water for drinking 饮用水a reading room= a room for reading 阅览室2). 说明被修饰名词的性质和程度,如:tiring music= music that is tiring 烦人的音乐a surprising result= a result that is surprising一个惊人的结果3). 表示被修饰名词正在进展的动作,如:正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。
The student making the e*periment is our monitor.我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。
英语语法详解非谓语动词动词ing形式的功能动词-ing形式是由动词+-ing构成,具有名词,形容词,副词的特征,在句中可作主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语和补语。
1.动词-ing形式作主语动词-ing形式作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Reading is a very interesting thing。
读书是一件很有趣的事。
Doing sports is good for our health. 做运动对我们的健康有好处。
有时为了保持句子平衡,避免头重脚轻,用it作形式主语,把真正的主语动词-ing形式放在后面。
常用的结构有:It is no good doing sth做某事没有好处It is no use doing sth做某事是没有用的It is a waste of time doing sth做某事是浪费时间It is fun doing sth做某事很有趣It’s no use arguing with him. 和他争论是没有用的。
2.动词-ing形式作宾语动词-ing形式可以作一些及物动词的宾语,也可以用作介词的宾语。
一般只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有:admit(承认)appreciate (感激)avoid(避免)delay(推迟)deny(否认)risk(冒险)enjoy (喜欢)escape(逃跑)excuse(原谅)finish(完成)imagine(想象)keep(继续)include(包括)mind(介意)miss(错过)practice (练习)resist(抵制)suggest(建议)put off(推迟)cannot help (禁不住)feel like(想要)insist on(坚持)He suggested going to see a film. 他建议去看电影。
He admitted cheating in the exam. 他承认在考试中作弊。
有些动词既可以跟-ing形式作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语。
动词的ing形式作表语,定语,宾补和状语一、动词-ing形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her jobHis hobby is painting. = Painting is his job.2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词),作表语用的现在分词,许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。
常见的有:astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising, puzzling, exciting等(这类分词表示“令人….的”含义)。
如:The problem is quite puzzling.The news sounds encouraging.二、动词-ing形式作定语1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for readingrunning shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法reading material 阅读材料No one is allowed to speak loud in the reading room.There is a swimming pool in our school.②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
动词的ing形式1. -ing分词的构成-ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。
-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化,通常有下表几种形式(以do为例):主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式hav ing donehav ing bee n done-ing分词的否定形式是由not加-ing分词构成。
如:Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着。
His not comi ng made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。
2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式:-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作;完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
如:Bei ng a stude nt, he was in terested in books. 作为一个学生,他对书本很感兴趣。
Not hav ing studied his less ons very hard, he failed the exam in ati ons. 因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格。
3. -ing分词的被动式:-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。
根据-ing分词动作发生的时间,-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。
女口: The questio n being discussed is very importa nt. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
He n ever talked about his hav ing bee n in terviewed by the reporter. 他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。
Havi ng bee n criticized by the teacher, he gave up smok ing. 被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了。
注意:在need, want, require, be worth 等动词(短语)后,作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
如:Your shoes n eed clea ning. = Your shoes n eed to be clea ned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。
This book is well worth readi ng. 这本书很值得一看。
4. -ing分词的语法作用-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
1)-ng分词(短语)作主语:Laying eggs is the ant queen,,s full -time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。
Saying is easier tha n doing. 说比做容易。
在下面两种结构中,-ing分词也作主语。
①为了保持句子平衡,通常用作形式主语,而把真实主语放在句末。
如:It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。
It,,s a waste of time argu ing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。
②在There is no结构中,通常用-ing分词。
如:There is no jok ing about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no holdi ng back the wheel of history. 历史车轮不可阻挡。
2) -ing分词(短语)作表语:His hobby is collecti ng stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票。
The problem is quite puzzli ng. 这个问题很令人困惑。
3) -ing分词作宾语:①-ng分词作动词宾语。
如:I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。
We enjoy atte nding Miss Li,,s class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课。
②-ing分词作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语,而用it作形式宾语。
如:I don?t thi nk it possible livi ng in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。
Do you con sider it any good tryi ng aga in? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗?③-ing分词作介词宾语,经常用在一些短语的后面。
如:I,,m aga inst in vit ing him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭。
He went to London in the hope of being a famous pain ter. 他去了伦敦,希望能成为一个著名的画家。
此类短语还有很多。
如:look forward to (渴望,盼望),be proud of (以...... 自豪),be responsible for (对... 负责),insist on (坚持),think of (考虑,想到),dream of (梦想),object to (反对,抗议),hear of (听说),prevent •••front防止,阻止),keep •••from(防止,阻止),stop •••from(防止,阻止),be engaged in (从事于),depend on (依靠,依赖), thank •-fo r (因............. 而道谢),excuse …for(因.... 而道歉),aim at (目的在于),devote …to (献身于),set about (着手做),be/get used to (习惯于),be fond of (喜欢),be afraid of (害怕),be tired of (对.. 厌烦),succeed in (成功地做.... ),be interested in (对..... 感兴趣),be ashamed of (对.... 感到羞愧)等等。
注意:在有些句子中,介词常可省去。
如:I have no difficulty (in) com muni cati ng with foreig ners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。
He used to spe nd a lot of time (i n) playi ng games. 过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。
What can preve nt us (from) gett ing married? 有什么能阻止我们结婚?另外,-ing 分词可以和一些介词女口in, on, after, aga in st, before, by, for, without, besides 等构成短语,在句中作状语。
如:He left ahead of time without sayi ng a word. 他一句话也没说就提前离开了。
Besides cook ing and sew ing, she had to take care of four childre n. 除了做饭和缝纫以外,她还要照顾四个孩子。
On heari ng the n ews, all the pupils jumped with joy. 听至U这个消息后,所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。
4) -ing分词作定语:①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。
如:reading room 阅览室swimming pool 游泳池dining car 餐车sleeping car 卧车singing competition 歌咏比赛waiting room 候车室a waiting car 一辆等待着的车asleeping child 一个酣睡的孩子flying fish 飞鱼the exciting news 令人振奋的消息a boring speech令人乏味的演出②-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面,也相当于一个定语从句。
如:Who is the comrade sta nding by the door? 站在门边的同志是谁?They lived in a house faci ng south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
③-ng分词还可以作非限制性定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,常用逗号和句子其它部分分开。
如:The words, usually deali ng with curre nt work, were mostly writte n by himself. 歌词一般讲当前的工作,大部分是他自己写的。
Whe n she appeared, Joh n, weari ng a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ra n to her with joy. 当她出现的时候,约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。
5) -ing分词做状语:-ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①-ing分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时可由连词when, while引出。
如:While readi ng the book, he no dded from time to time. 他一边看书,一边不时地点头。
See ing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看至U那些画,他想起了她的童年。
②-ing分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。
如:Not kn ow ing his address, I ca n?t se nd this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址,我不能把这本书送给他。
Many of us, being so excited, couldn?t go to sleep that nig ht.因为非常激动,那晚我们许多人都没睡着。
③-ng分词短语作结果状语。
如:His father died, leavi ng him a lot of mo ney. 他父亲死了,留给他许多钱。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, break ing it into pieces. 她非常生气,把玩具扔在地上,把它摔成了碎片。