M3 Unit 3 Grammar and Usage
宾语补足语
一．英语的五种基本句型结构：
①S 十V 主谓结构
He runs quickly．
②S 十V 十P 主系表结构
The story sounds interesting．
③S 十V 十O 主谓宾结构
They built a house last year．
④S 十V 十O1 十O2 主谓双宾结构
He offered me his seat/ his seat to me．
⑤S 十V 十O 十 C 主谓宾+宾补结构
They found her happy that day．
I found him out．
They named the boy Charlie．
I saw him come in and go out．
They felt the car moving fast．
He found the door of study closed to him．
二．宾语补足语：
1、定义：补充说明宾语，使句子意义完整的句子成分。
2、使用场合：vt. + 宾语+ 宾补
3、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：
(1). 名词：
We made him our monitor.
They thought this good advice.
They named their daughter Jenny.
【考点】任命某人一个独一无二的职务，职务前面不加冠词。例如：He was made captain.
They elected him monitor.
Obama was made president.
They elected John chairman of the committee.
(2). 形容词：
You should keep your room clean and tidy.
We’d better leave the door open.
We found the ruins most interesting.
(3). 介词短语
He left his bag in the office.
We found ourselves in the middle of a desert.
(4). 副词
He opened the window to let the fresh air in.
I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday.
(5). 现在分词：
I’m sorry to have you waiting for so long.
I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.
At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in.
(6). 过去分词：
When he woke up, he found himself tied to a tree.
He raised his voice to make himself heard.
I had my watch repaired yesterday.
(7). 不定式或省略to 的不定式（秃头不定式）
My mother allowed me to play games for a while.
Can you make your car park over there?
【考点】
(1).使用不定式作宾语补足语时，“五看（see, watch, notice, observe, look at）三使（make, let, have）两听（listen to, hear）一感觉（feel）”后接秃头不定式。(2).help 一词后的不定式，可带to，也可以不带to
3）一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。值得注意的是：think, find, consider, feel, make, take等动词应使用先行it代替宾语，it后面应接宾补，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部（形式宾语）。
I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.
I think it very important to attend this meeting.
We all thought it a pity that you couldn’t join us.
【小结】
1、宾语补足语是补充____语的成分，通常置于宾语之____。宾语+宾语补足语=>复合宾语。
2、可以用作宾补的有___词、_____词、___词、___词短语、_____式、现在___词和过去___词。
3、能带宾补的动词一定是____物动词。
三、常跟宾语补足语的动词：
（1）感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, look at)所接的宾补可以是不带to的动词不定式，也可以是现在分词或过去分词。
I saw him cross/crossing the road.
=> He was seen___________/ ____________ the road.
但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的to要还原。
（2）使役动词，所接的宾补多为动词不定式或过去分词。如：let, have, get, make, would like, want等。
This makes people know the importance of protecting the environment.
If you are back, will you please make yourself known to me?
The machine doesn’t work. I must have it repaired right now.
（3）含命名意义的动词，所接的宾补一般是名词。如：call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。
Call me Joe, please.
She was elected president of the company.
（4）vt. + sb. + to do sth. 结构中的动词，所接的宾补一般是不定式。
这类动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn, wish, report等。
