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B0300ug Rev 04/231User GuideBetaine Solution5 M, PCR ReagentB0300Product DescriptionBetaine, also called trimethylglycine orN,N,N-triethylammonium acetate, is an analog of glycine with three methyl groups.1 Betaine is a PCR enhancing reagent that is widely used for improving the yield and specificity of PCR products, especially for the amplification of targets rich in GC content or those that form secondary structures resulting in poor yield. Betaine facilitates DNA strand separation and decreases secondary structure of GC-rich regions.2 Betaine has been broadly used to optimize multiplex and ‘long and accurate′ polymerase chain reaction (LA-PCR). The addition of 1.0-1.7 M aqueous betaine to a PCR mixture has been reported to reduce the base pair composition dependence on DNA strand melting.3Quality Specifications•Suitable for molecular biology applications with high GC content. Upon addition of BetaineSolution to 1.2 M, a 994 bp human gene target with 64% GC content is amplified via PCR with JumpStart™ Taq DNA Polymerase, while no amplification is detected in the absence of Betaine Solution.•DNase free: No degradation of HindIII-digested lambda phage DNA detected after incubation with 1.2 M Betaine Solution for 16 hours at 37 °C. •RNase free: No degradation of tRNA detected after incubation with 1.2 M Betaine Solution for 16 hours at 37 °C.•Endonuclease free: No nicking or linearization of pBR322 plasmid DNA detected after incubation with 1.2 M Betaine Solution for 16 hours at 37 °C. Applications• Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)4 • PCR for genomic DNA amplification 5 •Quantitative PCR (qPCR)6 and RT-qPCR• PCR amplification of CGG repeats in genomic DNA 7•Reverse transcription for single cell cDNA library preparation via Smart-seq-total 8Intended UseThis product is for R&D use only. Not for drug,household, or other uses. Please consult the Safety Data Sheet for information regarding hazards and safe handling practices.StorageStore at 2-8 °C.Directions for UseAdd Betaine to a final concentration of 1.0 – 1.7 M in a nucleic acid amplification mixture prior to initiation of thermocycling/heating.References1. Day CR and Kempton SA. Biochim biophys acta.,1860(6):1098-106 (2016). 2. Jensen MA, et al. PLoS ONE, 5(6):e11024.(2010). 3. Rees WA, et al. Biochem., 32(1):137-44. (1993). 4. Kostic T, et al. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol.,99(18): 7711–7722. (2015). 5. Azaiez H, et al. Hum Mutat., 24(4):305-11.(2004). 6. Milte CM, et al. Eur J Nutr., 57(1):363-372.(2018). 7. Saulto A, et al. J Mol Diagn., 7(5):605-12.(2005). 8. Isakova A, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.,118(51):e2113568118. (2021).The life science business of Merck operatesas MilliporeSigma in the U.S. and Canada.Merck and Sigma-Aldrich are trademarks of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany or its affiliates.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Detailed information on trademarks is available via publicly accessible resources.© 2023 Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.B0300ug Rev 04/232Product OrderingOrder products online at .Description Catalogue NumberJumpStart™ Taq DNAPolymerase D4184Deoxynucleotide (dNTP)Mix, containing 10 mMeach of dATP, dCTP, dGTP,and dTTP sodium saltsD7295 Nuclease-free water W1754Custom ordered primersspecific to gene target OLIGO GenElute™-E Single SpinDNA Cleanup Kit EC600 GenElute™ PCRClean-Up Kit NA1020 GenElute™ GelExtraction Kit NA1111Precast Agarose Gels P6222 P5472 P6097 P5972 P57221 kb DNA Ladder D0428 Water, Microbial DNA-free MBD0025 Nuclease-Free Water,for Molecular Biology W4502 JumpStart™ Taq Ready Mix P2893 RED Taq® Ready Mix P0982 Glycerol-free JumpStart™Taq DNA Polymerase D9310 DMSO D8418 Single strandbinding protein S3917 BST Max DNA Polymerase SRE0113 NoticeWe provide information and advice to our customers on application technologies and regulatory matters to the best of our knowledge and ability, but without obligation or liability. Existing laws and regulations are to be observed in all cases by our customers. This also applies in respect to any rights of third parties. Our information and advice do not relieve our customers of their own responsibility for checking the suitability of our products for the envisaged purpose. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by the manufacturing or selling entity, or an affiliate. We assume no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. Technical AssistanceVisit the tech service page at/techservice.Terms and Conditions of SaleWarranty, use restrictions, and other conditions of sale may be found at /terms. Contact InformationFor the location of the office nearest you, go to /offices.。
topic 1financial management decision-makingacquirepublicly traded corporationsvice president of finance chief financial officer(CFO) chief executive officer(CEO) pivotalallocatevolatilitybalance sheetcapital budgetingworking capital management hurdle ratecapital structuremix of debt and equitycash dividendstockholderdividend policydividend-payout ratiostock repurchasestock offeringtradeoffcommon stockcurrent assetcurrent liability marketable security inventorytangible fixed assets intangible fixed assets patenttrademarkcreditorstockholders'equity financing mixrisk aversiontopic 2businessfinancial risksole proprietorship partnershiplimited partnershippartnerlimited partnergeneral partnerseparation of ownership and control claimmanagenment buyouttender offerNew York Stork Exchangefinancial standardsinitial public offering(IPO)private corporationclosely held corporationshareholderhoard of directorsexecutive directornon-executive directorchairpersoncontrollertreasurerMaster of Financial ManagementMaster of AccountingMaster of Business Administration(MBA) revenueprofitearnings per sharereturnmarket sharesocial goodfinancial distressstakeholder theoryvalue(wealth)maximizationcommon stockholder or shareholderdebt holderpreferred stockholder or shareholder well-beingdiversifylearning curvegoing concernagency problemfree-riding probleminformation asymmetryretail incestorinstitutional investoragency relationshipprincipal-agent or agency relationship net present value(NPV)creative accountingstock optionagency costbonding costmonitoring coststakeovertopic 3a profit and loss statementaccelerated methodsaccounts payableaccounts receivableaccrrual accountingaccrued expenseaccumulated depreciationaccumulated retained earningsaffiliateamortizationbalance sheetbasic earnings per sharebook valuebottom-up approachcapital surpluscash flow from financingcash flow from investingcash flow from operationscheckcommon stockcomplex capital structureconvertible securitiescorporate annual reportscredit salecurrent liabilitycurrent market valuedeferred taxdepreciationdiluted earnings per sharedilutivedirect methodearnings per shareFinancial Accounting Standards Board(FA financial statementfinancing cash flowsGenerally Accepted Accounting Principlehistorical costhybridincome statementindirect methodInternal Revenue Service(IRS)inventoryinvesting cash flowsjoint ventureliabilitylong-term liabilitymarketable securitiesmoney ordernet incomenote payableoperating cash flowsoperating income(loss)outstandingpreferred stockprofitabilityproperty,plant,and equipment(PPE)real estateSecurities and Exchange Commission(SEC) simple capital structuresolvencysource of cashstatement of cash flowstatement of change in shareholders' eq statement of retained earningsstraight-line depreciationtreasury stockuse of cashviabilitywarrantwithdrawaltopic 4financial ratiorestrictive covenanatsbond indenturefinancial analystliquidity ratiocurrent ratiolast-in ,first-out (LIFO)first-in ,first out 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valuediscountingdiscount rateopportunity costrequired rate of returncost of capitalordinary annuityannuity duedeferred annuityperpetuityface valueStandard & Poor's Corporation(S&P) Moody's Investors Service,Inc.(Moody's) Fitch Investor Servicescurrent yieldyield to maturity (YTM)default riskinterest rate riskauthorized sharesoutstanding sharestreasury sharerepurchaseright to voteindependent auditorright to proxystraight or majority votingcumulative votingliquidationright to transfer ownershippreemptive rightdividend discount modelcapital asset pricing model(CAPM) constant growth modelgrowth perpetuitytopic 6protfoliodiversifiable riskmarket riskexpected returnvolatilitystand-alone riskrandom variableprobabilityprobability distributionprobability distribution function normality assumptioncoefficientstandard deviationvariancesensitivity analysisscenario analysismean-variance worldnormal distributionefficient market hypothesis（EMH) price takerinvestor rationlityrational behaviorinstitutional investorretail investorallocationally efficient markets operationally efficient markets informationally efficient markets weak formsemi-strong formstrong formanomalyunderpricinginitial public offeringsMonday effectJanuary effectvalue effectpost-earnings announcement drift behavioral financeexpected utility theoryprospect theoryportfolio theorymutual fundmean-variance frontiercovariancecorrelation coefficientNew York Stock Exchange(NYSE) capital asset pricing model(CAPM) beta coefficientcompany-specific factorarbitrage pricing theory(APT)Topic 7 Capital Budgeting capital expenditurecapital budgetfinancial distressbankruptcyexpansion projectreplacement projectindependent projectmutually exclusive projectincremental cash flowssunk costopportunity costoverheadresidual valueside effectnet present value(NPV)profitability index(PI)internal rate of return(IRR)payback period(PP)discounted payback perioddiscounted cash flow(DCF)Fortune 500sensitivity analysisbreak-even analysiasimulationcapital rationingpost-auditTopic 8 Capital Market and Raising Fu financial marketmoney marketcapital markettreasury notesprimary marketsecondary marketoption contractfuture contractrepurchaseinvestment bankMerrill LynchSalomon Smith BarneyMorgan Stanley Dean WitterGoldman Sachscollateralunderwritingunderwritersyndicate of underwritermanipulateprivately held corporationpublicly held companystock offeringgo publicinitial public offering(IPO)seasoned issuespin-offspros and consincentive stock optiondilution of controlautonomyfloatationfloatation costunderpricingunseasoned issuepublic offerprivate placementpro ratarights offerprivileged subscriptionpreemptive rightcash offernegotiate offercost of capitalhurdle raterate of returnfinancing mixconvertible debtvariable-rate debtterm loanleaseweighted average cost of capital(WACC)Topic 9 Capital Structurehybird securityventure capitalistpublicly traded firmowner’s equityventure capitalnewly listed companyinvestment bankeroffering pricevoting rightwarrantunderlying common stockoption-like securitycontingent value rightsput optionoption exchangeput priceresidual claimline of creditbank debtleaseoperating leasecapital leaselessorlesseeconvertible debtconvertible bondconversion ratiomarket conversion valueconversion premiumpreferred stockfinancing mixconvertible preferred stockoptimal capital structuredesired or target capital structure earnings before interest and taxes(EBIT operating incomebusiness riskfinancial riskfinancial leveragefinancial economistModigliani and Miller(M&M)theorem transaction costmarket imperfectionreal assetsperfect capital marketlevered firmunlevered firmtax shieldtradeoff theoryinterest deductionpecking order theoryinternal financingexternal financinggeneral-purpose assetsspecial-purpose assetsoperating leverageMoody’s and Standard & Poor’sfinancial flexibilityreserve borrowing capacityTopic 10share repurchasedividend payout ratiochronologicaldeclaration dateex-dividend daterecord datepayment dateregular dividendliquidating dividendcash dividendsstock dividendsstock split"do-it-yourself"dividendproperty dividenddividend irrelevane theoryintrinsic valuefree cash flow hypothesishomemade dividendsbrokerage feedilution of ownershipresidual dividend policytarget capital structurestable dollar dividend policyconstant dividend payout ratiolow regular plus specially designated d stock price appreciationstock buybacktender offer(=takeover bid)open marketemployee stock option program(ESOP)Topic 11working captical managementmarketable securitynet working capticaljeopardizerelaxed or conservative approach restricted or aggressive approach moderate approachspeculative motiveprecautionary motivetransaction motivecompensating balanceBaumol cash management modelMiller-orr cash management model MarketabilityUS Treasury Billmaturitydufault risktax exempt instrumentcommercial paperrepurchase agreementnegotiable certificates of deposit(CDs) bankers'acceptancedisbursementfloatmail floatprocessing floatclearing time floatlock box systemconcentration bankingslowing disbursementcentralize payableszero balance account(ZBA)accounts receivabletrade creditconsumer creditcredit and collectiong policycredit termcredit perioddiscount perioddiscount rateaging scheduleaverage age of accounts receivablebad debt loss ratiosaturation pointprocrastinationperpetual inventory systemeconomic order quantity(EOQ)just-in-time(JIT)systemmaterial requirement planning (MRP)syst财务管理决策，决策的获得，取得（在财务中有时指购买；名词形式是acquisition，意为收购）公开上市公司，公众公司，上市公司（其他的表达法如，listed corporation，public corporation，etc）财务副总裁首席财务官首席执行官关键的，枢纽的（资源，权利等)配置（名词形式是allocation，如capital allocation，意为资本配置）易变的，不稳定性的（形容词形式是volatility，意为可变的，不稳定的）资产负债表资本预算营运资本管理门坎利率，最低报酬率资本结构负债与股票的组合现金股利股东（也可以用shareholder）股利政策股利支付比率股票回购（也可以用stock buyback）股票发行权衡，折中普通股流动资产流动负债流动性证券，有价证券存货有形固定资产无形固定资产专利商标债权人股东权益融资组合（指负债与所有者权益的比例关系）风险规避企业，商务，业务财务风险（有时也指金融风险）私人业主制企业合伙制企业有限合伙制企业合伙人有限责任合伙人一般合伙人所有权与经营权分离（根据权力提出）要求，要求权，主张，要求而得到的东西管理层收购（美）要约收购（美国称tender offer;英国称takeover bid)纽约股票交易所财务准则首次公开发行股票私募公司，未上市公司控股公司股东（也可以是stockholder)董事会执行董事非执行董事主席（chairmanor chairwoman)会计长司库财务管理专业硕士会计学硕士工商管理硕士收入利润每股盈余回报市场份额社会福利财务困境利益相关者理论价值（财富）最大化普通股股东（也可以是ordinary stockholder or shareholder债权人（也可以是debtor,creditor)优先股股东（英国人用preference stockholder or shareholder)福利多样化学习曲线持续的代理问题搭便车问题信息不对称散户投资者（为自己买卖证券而不是为任何公司或机构进行投资的个人投资者）机构投资者委托-代理关系（代理关系）净现值创造性会计，寻机性会计股票期权代理成本契约成本监督成本接管损益表加速折旧法应付账款应收账款应计制会计应计费用累计折旧累计留存收益分支机构摊销资产负债表基本每股收益账面价值倒推法资本盈余筹资活动现金流投资活动现金流经营活动现金流支票普通股复杂资本结构可转换证券公司年报赊销流动负债现行市场价值递延税款折旧稀释的每股收益（公司股票）冲减每股收益的直接法每股收益（盈余）（美国）会计准则委员会财务报表筹资现金流公认会计原则混合金融工具利润表间接法美国国内税务署存货投资现金流合资企业负债长期负债有价证券拨款单，汇款单，汇票净利润应付票据经营现金流经营收益（损失）（证券等）发行在外的优先股盈利能力土地、厂房与设备房地产（有时也用real property,或者就用property表示）（美国）证券交易委员会简单资本结构偿债能力现金来源现金流量表股东权益变动表留存收益表直线折旧法库存股现金运用生存能力认股权证提款财务比率限制性条款债券契约财务分析师流动性比率流动比率后进先出先进先出账面粉饰（是基金管理人的一种做法，即在季度末售出亏损股票，使其投资组合整个季度的回报率不至于被这些不良资产所拖累）速动比率现金比率债务管理比率债务比率债务与权益比率权益乘数长期债务与全部资本比率杠杠比率利率保障比率息税前盈余现金流量保障比率资产管理比率应收账款周转率存货周转率存活周转期应付账款周转率现金周转期资产周转比率全部资产周转率盈利比率毛利经营利润净利润资产收益率权益报酬率全部权益报酬率普通权益报酬率权益报酬率的杜邦分析体系市场价值比率市盈率市场价值与账面价值的比率股利收益率股利支付率长期比率债务与全部资本比率货币时间价值单利债务工具年金未来值，终值现值复利复利计算本金抵押信用卡终值折现计算折现率机会成本要求的报酬率资本成本普通年金先付年金递延年金永续年金面值标准普尔公司穆迪公司惠誉国际公司现行收益到期收益率违约风险利息率风险授权股发行股库藏股回购投票权独立审计师代理权多数投票制累积投票制清算所有权转移权优先认购权股利折现模型资本资产定价模型固定增长率模型增长年金组合可分散风险市场风险期望收益波动性个别风险随机变量概率概率分布概率分布函数正态假设系数标准离差率方差灵敏度分析情况分析均值-方差世界正态分布有效市场假设价格接受者投资者的理性理性行为机构投资者个人投资者.散户投资者配置有效市场运营有效市场信息有效市场弱势半强式强式异常（人或事物）价格低估首发股票星期一效应一月效应价值效应期后盈余披露行为财务期望效用理论期望理论组合理论共同基金均值-方差有效边界协方差相关系数纽约证券交易市场资本资产定价模型贝塔系数公司特有风险套利定价理论资本支出资本预算财务困境破产扩充项目更新项目独立项目互不相容项目增量现金流量沉没成本机会成本制造费用残余价值附加效应净现值现值指数内部收益率，内含报酬率回收期折现回收期折现现金流财富500指数敏感性分析盈亏平衡点分析模拟资本限额期后审计ng Funds金融市场货币市场资本市场国库券一级市场二级市场期权合约期货合约回购投资银行美林公司所罗门美邦投资公司摩根士丹利-添惠公司高盛公司抵押（股份等的）签名承受；承销，报销承销商承销辛迪加操纵私人控股公司公众控股公司股票发行公开上市适时发行、增发（seasoned是指新股稳定发行。
植物如何进行自我修复植物作为一类生物，拥有独特的自我修复能力。
无论是遭受机械损伤、寄生虫袭击还是病菌感染，植物都能通过一系列复杂的生理和生化过程实现自我修复，保持其正常功能。
本文将深入探讨植物自我修复的原理及其在生态系统中的重要作用。
1. 植物损伤的类型在开始介绍植物自我修复机制之前，我们首先需要了解植物常见的损伤类型。
主要有以下几种：a. 机械损伤机械损伤可以分为自然因素引起的如风灾、雹灾，以及人为因素引起的如割伤、划伤等。
机械损伤会导致细胞的破裂和组织的断裂。
b. 病菌感染病菌感染是指寄生在植物体内并引发病害的微生物。
病菌侵入植物体内后，会繁殖并破坏植物组织，从而对植物造成严重伤害。
c. 寄生虫袭击寄生虫是指以植物为宿主进行寄生的生物。
它们通过汲取植物体内的养分和水分，在很大程度上削弱了植物的健康状态。
2. 植物的自我修复机制a. 细胞再生和组织重建在受到机械损伤后，植物会通过细胞再生和组织重建来修复受损组织。
在受损部位，周围健康组织的细胞会开始分裂，并通过增殖填补受损区域。
同时，激活干细胞也可以促进损伤部位的再生。
b. 切断供应和分离感染当植物受到寄生虫或病菌感染时，有些植物会通过切断供应通路或分离感染部位来阻止病害传播。
这一过程通常通过树脂或其他树液来实现，这些液体具有抗菌和抗虫特性，能够“封闭”受损区域，并阻止进一步感染。
c. 抗氧化防御系统氧化应激是指由于环境压力引发的过氧化物生成过程。
在面对机械损伤、病菌感染或寄生虫袭击时，植物会激活抗氧化防御系统，抑制氧化反应的发生，并降低细胞中活性氧化物水平。
d. 生长调节在受到损伤后，植物会调整其生长模式以适应新的环境条件。
例如，在被剪枝后，一些树木可能会重新分配养分和资源，促进新枝条的生成以填补空缺。
3. 自我修复对生态系统的意义自我修复机制不仅为植物个体提供了保护和恢复功能，还对整个生态系统具有重要影响。
首先，自我修复能力使得受到损伤的植物能够迅速恢复正常功能，保持其参与能量流和养分循环等重要生态功能，并能在竞争中更好地适应。
湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)2024，50(1)：31–35．DOI：10.13331/ki.jhau.2024.01.005Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)引用格式：施美君，刘伊芸，周灿，张一扬，王妍妮，李迪秦．胺鲜酯与氯化钙配施对烤烟育苗的影响[J]．湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)，2024，50(1)：31–35．SHI M J，LIU Y Y，ZHOU C，ZHANG Y Y，WANG Y N，LI D Q．Effect of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoatecombined application with calcium chloride on the flue-cured tobacco seedling[J]．Journal of Hunan AgriculturalUniversity(Natural Sciences)，2024，50(1)：31–35．投稿网址：胺鲜酯与氯化钙配施对烤烟育苗的影响施美君1，刘伊芸2，周灿3，张一扬1，王妍妮4，李迪秦1*(1.湖南农业大学农学院，湖南长沙410128；2.贵州省中烟工业有限责任公司，贵州贵阳550003；3.云南省烟草公司大理州剑川县公司，云南剑川671300；4.云南省烟草公司丽江市公司，云南丽江674800)摘要：以云烟87为材料，研究8%胺鲜酯(DA–6)(质量浓度15.0、10.0、5.0 μg/L)与10.0 mmol/L氯化钙配施对烤烟育苗的影响。
结果表明：与清水对照相比，播种7 d和15 d后配施处理的烤烟出苗率分别提高4.50%⁓10.40%、2.74%⁓8.33%，成苗率提高3.19%⁓8.81%；成苗期的苗高、茎基宽、最大叶叶面积分别提高了5.99%⁓17.66%、1.29%⁓5.47%、21.1%⁓73.6%；根、茎、叶、全苗干物质积累量分别提高了25.0%⁓55.0%、16.7%⁓33.3%、14.1%⁓33.8%、16.5%⁓36.9%，根冠比提高了9.1%⁓17.0%；配施处理的叶片叶绿素(叶绿素a+叶绿素b)含量增加26.0%⁓64.9%；配施处理硝酸还原酶活性提高了52.1%⁓95.9%；过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量分别降低了41.5%⁓59.3%、27.9%⁓62.9%、30.3%⁓81.1%和34.0%⁓63.7%，表明用10 μg/L DA–6 +10 mmol/L氯化钙配施浸种效果最佳。
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETAgrisel USA, Inc. General Information No. 1-877-AGRISEL (247-4735) P.O. Box 3528In Case of Emergency, Call 1-877-854-2494Suwanee, GA 30024I.PRODUCT IDENTIFICATIONProduct Name: Agrisel Tengard Pro Termiticide/InsecticideActive Ingredient: Permethrin (36.8%)Chemical Family: Pyrethroid InsecticidePOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTSChemical Compound % by wt. CAS No. OSHA PEL EU ClassNone R2252645-53-1Permethrin 36.8Ingredients not precisely identified are proprietary or non-hazardous.Values are not product specifications.III.HAZARDS IDENTIFICATIONEMERGENCY OVERVIEWKEEP OUT REACH OF CHILDRENCAUTION: Harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin. Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. Avoid breathing vapor or spray mist. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling and before eating, drinking, chewing gum, or using tobacco. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDSThis product is highly toxic to bees exposed to treatment and for 3 days following treatment. Do not apply this pesticide to blooming, pollen-shedding or nectar-producing parts of plants if bees may forage on the plants during this time period. The 3 day limitation does not apply if the applicator operate in a state with a formal, state-approved bee protection program, and the applicator follows all applicable requirements of the state-approved program designed to ensure that managed bees are not present in the treatment area during this time period.This product is extremely toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of equipment washwaters. Do not apply when weather conditions favor drift from treated areas.PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL HAZARDSDo not use or store near heat or open flame.IV.FIRST AID MEASURESIf Swallowed: Immediately call a poison control center or doctor. Do not inducevomiting unless told to do so by a poison control center or doctor. Donot give any liquid to the person. Do not give anything by mouth to anunconscious person.If on Skin or Clothing: Take off contaminated clothing. Rinse skin immediately with plenty ofwater for 15-20 minutes. Call a poison control center or doctorimmediately for treatment advice.If in Eyes: Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes,then continue rinsing eye. Call a poison control center or doctor fortreatment advice.I f Inhaled: Move person to fresh air. If person is not breathing, call 911 or anambulance, then give artificial respiration, preferably by mouth to mouth,if possible. Call a poison control center or doctor for further treatmentadvice.NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: Contains petroleum distillates- vomiting may cause aspirationpneumonia. For emergency medical assistance, contact the RockyMountain Poison Control Center at 1-866-767-5089. For moreinformation regarding this product, call 1-877-AGRISEL (247-4735).V.FIRE FIGHTING MEASURESFlashpoint (method used): 44°C (111°F)DataAutoignition Temperature: NoFlammable Limits (LFL-UFL): Not ApplicableUnusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: None Known.Extinguishing Media: Foam CO2, or dry chemical. Soft stream water fog only if necessary.Contain all runoff.Fire and Explosion Hazard: Moderately combustible. When heated above the flash point, thismaterial releases vapors which, when mixed with air, can burn or beexplosive.Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Isolate fire area. Evacuate downwind. Wear full protective clothing andself-contained breathing apparatus.Hazardous Decomposition: Chlorine, hydrogen chloride, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, andaldehydes.VI.ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURESSteps To Be Taken If Material Is Released Or Spilled:Isolate and post spill area. Wear protective clothing and personal protective equipment as prescribed in Section VIII Exposure Controls. Personal Protection. Keep unprotected persons and animals out of the area. Keep material out of streams and sewers. Dike to confine spill and absorb with an absorbent such as clay, sand or soil. Vacuum, shovel or pump waste into a drum and label content.To clean and neutralize spill area, tools and equipment, wash with a suitable solution of caustic or soda ash and an appropriate alcohol (methanol, ethanol or isopropanol). Follow this by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Absorb as above, any excess liquid and add to the drums of waste already collected. Repeat if necessary. Dipose of drummed waste according to the method outlined in Section XIII Disposal Considerations.VII.HANDLING AND STORAGEKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENPESTICIDE STORAGE: Store at temperatures above 40°F (5°C). Shake container well beforeusing. If crystals form, warm to room temperature by placing containerin a room at ambient temperature 70°F (21°C) until crystals dissolve.Do not use or store near heat, open flame or hot surfaces. Keep out ofreach children and animals. Store in a dry place and avoid excess heatin storage. Store in original containers only.VIII.EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTIONSpecific Personal Protective Equipment: All pesticide handlers (mixers, loaders, and applicators) must wear long-sleeved shirt and long pants, socks, shoes, and chemical-resistant gloves.After the product is diluted in accordance with label directions for useand/or when mixing and loading using a closed spray tank transfersystem such as U-Turn, or an in-line injector system, shirt, pants, socks,shoes, and waterproof gloves are sufficient. In addition: all pesticidehandlers must wear a respiratory protection device approved by the MineSafety and Health Administration (MSHA)/ National Institute forOccupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) such as TC-23C, TC-21C, TC-19C, TC-13F, and TC-14G when working in a non-ventilated space; allpesticide handlers must wear protective eyewear when working in a non-ventilated space or when applying termiticide by rodding or sub-slabinjection.IX.PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIESAppearance and Odor: Amber liquid, faint mild petroleumMelting Point: No dataVapor pressure: No dataVapor Density (Air-1): No dataSolubility in H2O, % by Wt.: EmulsifiespH: 4.8 – 5.0 @ 20°C (6% in water)Specific Gravity (H2O=1) 1.039 @ 20°C (water = 1)% Volatiles by Vol.: No dataMolecular Weight: 391.3 (permethrin)Weight per Volume: 8.65 lb./gal (1039 g/L)X.STABILITY AND REACTIVITYConditions Contributing to Instability: This product is stable.Incompatibility: Excessive heat and fire.Conditions Contributing ToHazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.XI.TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATIONAcute Effects from Overexposure:General: Agrisel Tengard Pro Termiticide/Insecticide has low oral, dermal andinhalation toxicity. It is minimally irritating to the eyes and slightlyirritating to the skin.Ingestion: Vomiting after ingestion of this product may cause aspiration ofhydrocarbon solvents into the lungs that may result in fatal pulmonaryedema.Skin Contact: Experience to date indicates that contact with permethrin has rarelyproduced skin sensations such as numbing, burning, tingling. These skinsensations are reversible and usually subside within 12 hours. Largetoxic doses of Agrisel Tengard Pro Termiticide/Insecticide administeredto laboratory animals have produced central nervous system effects withsymptoms that include hypersensitivity to touch and sound, tremors, andchronic convulsions.to animals via inhalation has also produced symptoms Inhalation: Overexposuresuch as squinting eyes, irregular and rattling breathing and ataxis.Inhalation of hydrocarbon solvent vapors may cause dizziness,disturbance in vision drowsiness, respiratory irritation, and eye, skin andmucous membrane irritation.Chronic Effects from Overexposure: No data available for Agrisel Tengard Pro Termiticide/Insecticide. Instudies with laboratory animals, permethrin did not cause reproductivetoxicity or teratogenicity. Analysis of chronic feeding studies in bothmice and rats with permethrin resulted in the conclusion thatpermethrin’s potential for induction of oncogenicity in experimentalanimals in low and that the likelihood of oncogenic effects in humans isnonexistent or extremely low. Long term feeding studies in animalsresulted in increased liver and kidney weights, induction of the livermicrosomal drug metabolizing enzyme system, and histopathologicalchanges in the lungs and liver. An overall absence of genotoxicity hasbeen demonstrated mutagenicity testing with permethrin. Chronicexposure to hydrocarbon solvents may cause headaches, dizziness, lossof sensations or feelings, and liver and kidney damage.XII.ECOLOGICAL INFORMATIONPHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIESIn soil, permethrin is stable over a wide range of pH values. When applied at agricultural use rates, permethrin has a moderate rate of degradation in soil. At termiticidal use rates, permethrin degrades at a slower rate, which is governed by soil characteristics. Due to its high affinity for organic matter (Koc-86,000), there is little potential for movement in soil or entry into ground water. Permethrin has a Log P ow of 6.1, but a low potential to bioconcentrate (BCF=500) due to the ease with which it is metabolized.ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGYPermethrin is highly toxic to fish (LC50 = 0.5 ug/L to 315 ug/L) and aquatic arthropods (LC50 = 0.02 ug/L to 7.6 ug/L). Marloe species are often more sensitive than the freshwater species. Bacteria, algae, mollusks, and amphibians are much more tolerant of permethrin than the fish and arthropods. Care should be taken to avoid contamination of the aquatic environment. Permethrin is slightly toxic to birds and oral LD50 values are greater than 3600 mg/kg. Longer dietary studies showed that concentrations of up to 500 ppm in the diet had no effect on bird reproduction.XIII.DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONSPESTICIDE DISPOSAL: Pesticide wastes are toxic. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spraymixture or rinsate is a violation of Federal law. If these wastes cannotbe disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your StatePesticide or Environmental Control Agency or the Hazardous Wasterepresentative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. CONTAINER DISPOSAL: Nonrefillable container. DO NOT reuse or refill empty container. Oncecleaned, some agricultural plastic pesticide containers can be taken to acontainer collection site or picked up for recycling. To find the nearestsite contact your chemical dealer or manufacturer, or contact the AgContainer Recycling Council at . Triple rinsecontainer promptly after emptying.For containers smaller than 5 gallons,triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tankand drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Fill the container¼ full with water and recap. Shake for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate intoapplication equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use ordisposal. Drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Repeatthis procedure two more times.For containers larger than 5 gallons,triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank.Fill the container ¼ full with water. Replace and tighten closures. Tipcontainer on its side and roll it back and forth, ensuing at least onecomplete revolution, for 30 seconds. Stand the container on its end andtip it back and forth several times. Empty the rinsate into applicationequipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal.Repeat this procedure two more times.XIV.TRANSPORT INFORMATIONUS DOT (Department of Transportation)Reportable Quantity (RQ): NoneUS Surface Freight Class: Insecticides, NOI, other than Poison, NMFC item 102120.For highway and railroad shipment in the USA: Insecticides, NOI, other than PoisonFor air and water shipment, and also road and rail other than in the USA: Flammable Liquids, n.o.s. (contains hydrocarbon solvent), 3. III, UN1993, NAERG Guide 128MARPOL Designation: #1 Severe Marine Pollutant (permethrin 36.8%)TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act):XV.REGULATORY INFORMATIONSARA Title III (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act)Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances (40 CFR 355): Not listedSection 302.4 Reportable Quantity (RQ) (40 CFR 355): NoneSection 311 Hazard Categories (40 CFR 370): Immediate, Delayed, FireSection 312 Threshold Planning Quantity (40 CFR 370): The threshold planning quantity for this product, if treated as a mixture, is 10,000 lb. This product contains the following ingredients with a TPQ of less than 10,000 lb.: NoneSection 313 (40 CFR 372): This product contains the following ingredients subject to Section 313 reporting requirements: permethrin (36.8%)CERCLA Reportable Quantity (RQ) (40 CFR Table 302.4): Not listedCOMMENTS: Australian Hazard Code: 3XEXVI.OTHER INFORMATIONDISCLAIMER: The information presented herein is based on available data from reliable sources and is correct to the best of Agrisel USA, Inc. knowledge. Agrisel USA, Inc. makes no warranty, express or implied, regarding the accuracy of the data or the results obtained from the use of this product. Nothing herein may be construed as recommending any practice or any product in violation of any law or regulations. The user is solely responsible for determining the suitability of any material or product for a specific purpose and for adopting any appropriate safety precautions.。
收稿日期：2023-10-03基金项目：国家自然科学基金（32072598）；广东省教育厅重点学科建设-基础研究重大项目（2021ZDJS004）；贵州省毕节市科学技术揭榜挂帅项目（毕科合重大专项〔2022〕3号）；广州市科技计划项目（2023B03J1082）；广东省农业厅种业振兴与科技兴农项目（2022-NPY-00-024）作者简介：赵威（1999-），男，在读硕士生，研究方向为蔬菜生物技术及分子育种，E-mail：*****************通信作者：吴智明（1981—），男，博士，教授，研究方向为蔬菜生物技术与遗传育种，E-mail：wuzm2012@广东农业科学2023，50（11）：59-65Guangdong Agricultural SciencesDOI:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2023.11.006赵威，徐晓美，徐小万，衡周，王恒明，陈金金，吴智明. 基于SSR 分子标记的‘汇丰2号’辣椒杂交种子纯度和真实性鉴定［J］. 广东农业科学，2023，50（11）：59-65.基于SSR 分子标记的‘汇丰2号’辣椒杂交种子纯度和真实性鉴定赵 威1，徐晓美2，徐小万2，衡 周2，王恒明2，陈金金1，吴智明1（1. 仲恺农业工程学院园艺园林学院，广东 广州 510225；2. 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室，广东 广州 510640）摘 要：【目的】‘汇丰2号’辣椒为杂交一代新品种，具有中早熟、抗病性强、耐储运和品质佳等特性，深受农户和消费者喜爱。
为保障种子质量，拟建立一套快速、简便的种子纯度和真实性鉴定方法。
【方法】基于辣椒基因组已公开的SSR 分子标记资源，以‘汇丰2号’父、母本为材料，筛选多态明显、条带清晰且扩增稳定的SSR 标记，对‘汇丰2号’杂交种子进行纯度鉴定，并结合田间形态鉴定验证分子标记鉴定的准确性。
此外，利用筛选出的SSR 标记对‘粤红1号’、‘汇丰1号’、‘汇丰2号’和‘汇丰5号’4个品种进行真实性鉴定。
D A T A S HE E TAZ® Developer,400K, and 421KInorganic DevelopersDescriptionAZ® inorganic developers are either sodium- or potassium-based developers. Most are buffered to maintain a uniform pH and to provide maximum developer bath life and process stability.These developers are odorless aqueous alkaline solutions that are compatible with batch and in-line development processes. AZ developers are defi ned by a product name and, as applicable, a dilution inparts of developer concentrate to parts of deionized water, e.g., AZ® 400K developer 1:4. AZ® Developer and AZ 400K developer are supplied as concentrates or prediluted. AZ® 421K developer is prediluted.Key Characteristics• A Z Developer: Sodium-based buffered developer that provides optimal process control while minimizing the attack on aluminum surfaces.• A Z 400K developer: Potassium-based buffered developer that provides optimal process control while minimizing con-tamination risks by using the less mobile potassium ion. Provides high throughput and contrast, particularly for thick fi lm AZ®9200 and P4000 series photoresists.• A Z 421K developer: Potassium-based unbuffered developer that provides high throughput and contrast, particularly for thicker fi lm AZ P4000 series photoresists.Features• B road range of developers provides numerous options from which to obtain wide process latitude, high contrast, and superior production throughput.• E xcellent batch-to-batch consistency from tight productspecifi cation control.ProcessingDevelopers typically have a limited range of useful dilutions. Highly concentrated dilutions have high sensitivity and allow faster photo-speeds, but they are limited by high dark fi lm losses and reduced contrast. The more dilute concentrations enable high contrast and provide greater selectivity between the exposed and unexposed resist. These require longer development times or increased exposure energy. They also have greater sensitivity to the effects of standing waves from monochromatic exposure.• A ll the high contrast and high sensitivity formulations of AZ inorganic developers are suitable for a 60 to 120 second batch immersion development at 20 to 25°C. High sensitivity dilutions and/or longer development times are recommended for dyed photoresists. While inorganic developers are not as sensitive to temperature changes as metal-ion-free developers, temperature control of ± 1°C is recommended to maintain a stable process. Mild agitation is recommended to achieve uniform development.• I n-line development applications require short development times because of equipment throughput constraints. High sensitivity developer formulations are recommended. A wide variety of spray, stream, and puddle combinations can be used. Typical processes follow.Typical Develop ProcessSpray-PuddleWet Wafer in Water Spray 0 - 5 sec, 100 - 200 rpmSpray Developer 5 - 15 sec, 100 - 200 rpmStop Wafer and Continue Spray to Set up Puddle 0 - 2 sec, 0 rpmPuddle Develop 10 - 30 sec, 0 rpmStream on Rinse 5 - 10 sec, 100 rpmSpin Dry 5 - 10 sec, 4000 rpmSpray OnlyWet Wafer in Water Spray 0 - 5 sec, 100 - 200 rpmSpray Developer 30 - 40 sec, 100 - 200 rpmOverlap Rinse and Developer Sprays 0 - 5 sec, 100 - 200 rpmStream on Rinse 5 - 10 sec, 100 - 200 rpmSpin Dry 5 - 10 sec, 4000 rpmNote: Contaminating inorganic developer baths or lines with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) based metal-ion-free developers, even at the parts-per-million level, seriously affects the photospeed of the inorganic developer process. Use caution when changing developing equipment from a metal-ion-free to an inorganic process.Developer bath life is dependent on the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed from the air and on the amount of dissolved photoresist. Replenish the developer periodically, perhaps once a shift or when developer activity is reduced.Typical recommendations for high sensitivity and high contrast dilutions follow.Developer High Sensitivity* High Contrast*AZ® Developer 2:1 1:1AZ® 400K Developer 1:3 1:4*developer:DI waterSpecifi cationsDeveloper: Normality (R1) Normality (R2) Color Chloride Liquid Particle(ppm) Count(#/ml > 0.5 μm)AZ® Developer 0.460 ± 0.010 0.6.00 ± 0.005 25 max. 120 max. AZ® Developer 1:1 0.230 ± 0.005 0.3000 ± 0.0025 15 max. 120 max. AZ® Developer 2:1 0.307 ± 0.005 0.400 ± 0.003 25 max. 120 max. AZ® Developer 3:2 0.276 ± 0.004 0.360 ± 0.003 15 max. 120 max. AZ® 400K Developer 0.482 ± 0.005 1.390 ± 0.005 25 max. 2.0 max. 100 max. AZ® 400K Developer 1:3 0.120 ± 0.001 0.348 ± 0.001 15 max. 2.0 max. 100 max. AZ® 400K Developer 1:4 0.0960 ± 0.0005 0.2780 ± 0.0005 15 max. 1.5 max. 75 max. AZ® 400K Developer 1:5 0.080 ± 0.001 0.232 ± 0.001 15 max. 2.0 max. 100 max. AZ® 421K Developer 0.210 ± 0.001 15 max. 2.0 max. 100 max. Specifi cations are subject to revision. Contact your AZ account manager for additional information.North America:Somerville, NJ, USA (908) 429-3500 Europe:Wiesbaden, Germany 49 (611) 962-6867Far East:Shanghai, China 86-21-64851000 x 323Tsuen Wan, N.T. Hong Kong (852) 24081913Tokyo, Japan 81-3-5977-7938Seoul, Korea 82-2-510-8613Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 603 5101 2888Singapore 65 5630288Taipei, Taiwan 886-2-2516-3268AZ® Developer, 400K, and421K Inorganic DevelopersEquipment CompatibilityAZ® inorganic developers are compatible with most commercially available wafer and photomask processing equipment. Recommended materials of construction include stainless steel, PTFE, polypropylene, and high density polyethylene.StorageKeep in sealed original containers. Protect from sunlight. Store in a cool, dry place. Empty container may contain harmful residue.Handling Precautions/First AidRefer to the current Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for detailed information prior to handling.The information contained herein is, to the best of our knowledge, true and accurate, but all recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee because the conditions of use are beyond our control. There is no implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for purpose of the product or products described here. In submitting this information, no liability is assumed or license or other rights expressed or implied given with respect to any existing or pending patent, patent application, or trademarks. The observance of all regulations and patents is the responsibility of the user. AZ and the AZ logo are registered trademarks of AZ Electronic Materials. © 2005 AZ Electronic Materials. 1/05。
