2013届高考英语外研版一轮总复习课件:语法专项突破第七节
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高考英语语法词汇专项突破:聚焦规律主语与句子主语不全都的分词状语一般来说,分词作状语要求与句子的主语保持规律上的全都。
假如不全都,则用独立主格结构,或者是状语从句,信任这一点同学们都很清楚。
但是也有一些作状语的分词与句子的规律主语不全都,也是正确的句子,这样的分词被称为垂悬但不致病分词。
常见的状况有:与副词连用作评注性状语的分词;转变成介词的分词;转变成连词的分词。
一、作评注性状语的分词现在分词speaking与一些副词连用,意思是“……说”,generally (broadly/ frankly/ strictly/ honestly/ personally) speaking 一般地(泛泛地/ 坦率地/ 严格地/ 诚恳地/就个人来)说。
如:1. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.一个人的智力极限,通常来说,诞生时就已经定型了。
但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他所处的环境。
3. Strictly speaking, I’m his stepfather, not his father.严格地说,我是他的继父,不是他的亲生父亲。
二、作介词的分词(一)judging from (by)… 从……推断;依据……来推断。
如:处排起的长队来看, 这部电影格外叫座儿。
(二)including 包括,包含。
如:1. There are 50 students in our class, including 15 girl students.包括十五位女生在内,我们班有五十位同学。
比较:There are 50 students in our class, 15 girl students included.(独立主格结构)2. All the railway officials,including the engine crew, had disappeared in the opposite direction. 全部铁路人员,包括机车组,都在对面消逝了。
(天津山东专用)【走向高考】高中英语一轮总复习第一部分专项语法突破14 外研版选修71.(2012·安徽,22)—May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.—________, thanks. I think I can manage.A. All rightB. No problemC. It's all rightD. There's no way答案:C 句意:——我可以帮助你吗?你好像有麻烦。
——没关系,谢谢。
我认为我能应付。
All right“行,好吧”;No problem“没问题”;It's all right“没关系”;There's no way“没办法,没门”。
由句意可知,C项符合题意。
2.(2012·福建,21)—What are you going to do this weekend?—________. If time permits, I may go to shanghai with my friends.A. Don't mention itB. It doesn't matterC. Forget itD. It depends答案:D Don't mention it.意为“别客气,没关系,别放在心上”;It doesn't matter.意为“没关系”;Forget it.意为“休想!算了吧!别客气,没关系”;It depends.意为“视情况而定”。
由第二句中的“如果时间允许的话,我可能和我的朋友去上海”可知,本周末要做什么事情还没有定下来,因此应用It depends。
故答案为D项。
3.(2012·江苏,33)—Honey, the cat's stuck in the tree.Can you turn off the TV and get a ladder...?—Oh, it jumped off.________.A.Never mind B.All rightC.No problem D.Take care答案:A A项意为“不要紧,不用担心,别管”;B项意为“行,可以,好吧”;C项意为“没问题”;D项意为“小心,注意,当心”。
专项语法突破71.(2012·安徽,25)You can change your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be ________ life.A.of B.onC.to D.for答案:D 句意:你可以换工作,搬家,但是友谊应该是终生的。
for life“一辈子,终生”,符合题意。
2.(2012·北京,34)Do you think this shirt is too tight ________ the shoulders?A.at B.onC.to D.across答案:D 句意:“你认为这件衬衣的肩宽是不是有点紧?”across“横跨,在(身体某部位)上”。
3.(2012·福建,33)Nothing is so easy as ________ parents to raise their expectations of their children too high.A.of B.toC.by D.for答案:D 表示“对某人来说”应用介词for。
4. (2012·辽宁,27)The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place ________ the main road at the far end of the lake.A.to B.forC.off D.out答案:C 句意:威尔酒店坐落于湖的彼岸远离干路的一个僻静之处。
此处off表示“离开,在……之外”。
5.(2012·浙江,6)________ all the animals I've ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.A.From B.OfC.For D.With答案:B 句意:在我养过的所有动物中,这两只狗是对口头语言最为敏感的。
第七讲名词性从句主语从句1.that引导主语从句时,没有具体意思,不充当句子成分,只是起标志性的作用,但that不能省略。
what引导时,在从句中充当成分,且有意义。
◆It is true that the college will take in more new students.这所大学将招收更多的新生是真的。
2.whether连接主语从句时,表示怀疑,不能省略,意为“是否”,在句首时不能用if替换。
◆(重庆卷)It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.旧汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆取代仍然在商讨中。
3.连接代词、连接副词引导主语从句时不能省略,并在从句中充当句子成分。
◆It was never clear why the man h adn’t reported the accident sooner.这个人为什么没有尽快报告这个事故,还不清楚。
4.主语从句要用陈述语序,即主谓语序。
(1)用it作形式主语的常用句型有:①It+系动词+形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)+that从句②It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句③It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句④It+特殊动词(seems,appears,happens,matters)+that从句◆It is a pity that I missed the party held last night.很遗憾我错过了昨晚举行的聚会。
◆It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness.据报道,该事故源于(司机的)粗心(驾驶)。