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第三层级|注意“行文逻辑”——争满分语法填空和短文改错这两种题型主要是从词法、句法和行文逻辑三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力, 同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。
相对于词法、句法来说, 行文逻辑题是考生失分最多的题目。
究其原因, 这类题目的解题信息不局限于某句或某个句群, 大多是需要从全文的角度去审视、去思考, 对于这类较难题目, 考生在做题时, 一定要注意以下三点：一、注意时态是否一致有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相一致。
若全文都是在使用过去时态, 则考查角度一般就是针对过去时态的。
[典例1](2016·全国卷Ⅰ)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I __62__ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador ...[易误点拨]分析句子成分可知句子缺少谓语动词, 需要考虑其时态、语态及主谓一致。
I与allow之间是被动关系, 故用被动语态；又因上一句主句用过去时, 可确定此句也用过去时。
再根据主语I, 可知应填was allowed。
本题容易受下文将来时态的影响而错填别的时态。
[典例2](2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that (→where) I live. Though not very big, but (去掉but) the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had (→have) to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest (→honesty). Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or (→and) high quality oil are using (→used) for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams (∧of) becoming rich in the (→a) short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our (→his) business will grow steady (→steadily)．[易误点拨]全文的时态为一般现在时, 第四句中用了过去时had, 应该引起重视, 重点核查。
动词是历年高考的必考点，对动词有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空和短文改错两种题型中得高分的关键。
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语形式的变化（如时态、语态和虚拟语气）、非谓语形式的变化（如不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词）及主谓一致。
语法填空和短文改错两种题型对动词的考查基本围绕动词的上述形式变化而设题。
谓语动词的形式变化主要有时态、语态、语气和主谓一致。
语法填空主要考查形式为给出提示词——动词，主要考查时态、语态和主谓一致（语法一致、意义一致和就近一致）；短文改错主要考查这三种形式的误用。
虚拟语气虽然在语法填空与短文改错中鲜有考查，但在写作中属于高级句式，它的合理运用能给作文增色添彩，因此在二轮备考中，考生也应加强对这一部分知识的学习。
（一）考点练悟（用所给词的适当形式填空）My best friend Kaiya is like me. She １．________ （remind）me of myself. In the past, I ２．________ （be）never confident because of my appearance. People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etＣ．At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I started getting depresseＤ．However, someone told me something that I will always remember.It was in March. Surrounded by a group of girls who ３．________ （point）at me and laughed at me, I couldn't help crying. The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river. To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “You ４．________ （be）perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People ５．________ （accept）you for who you 6．________ （be）. But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7．________ （inspire）by her words. Over the past few months, I 8．________ （learn）that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9．________ （love）me for who I am.Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li １0．________ （tell）me.答案：１．reminds ２．was ３．pointed ４．are ５．will accept 6．are 7．was inspired8．have learned 9．love １0．told（二）快捷技法思考趋向１填谓语动词的时态和语态变化提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。
第四讲动词动词是历年高考的必考点，对动词有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空和短文改错两种题型中得高分的关键。
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语形式的变化(如时态、语态和虚拟语气)、非谓语形式的变化(如不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词)及主谓一致。
语法填空和短文改错两种题型对动词的考查基本围绕动词的上述形式变化而设题。
谓语动词的形式变化主要有时态、语态、语气和主谓一致。
语法填空主要考查形式为给出提示词——动词，主要考查时态、语态和主谓一致(语法一致、意义一致和就近一致)；短文改错主要考查这三种形式的误用。
虚拟语气虽然在语法填空与短文改错中鲜有考查，但在写作中属于高级句式，它的合理运用能给作文增色添彩，因此在二轮备考中，考生也应加强对这一部分知识的学习。
(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)My best friend Kaiya is like me. She 1.________ (remind) me of myself. In the past, I 2.________ (be) never confident because of my appearance. People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hairstyle, etc. At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I started getting depressed. However, someone told me something that I will always remember.It was in March. Surrounded by a group of girls who 3.________ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldn't help crying. The tears rolled down my face like a rushing river. To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “You 4.________ (be) perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People 5.________ (accept) you for who you 6.________ (be). But if you cannot accept yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7.________ (inspire) by her words. Over the past few months, I 8.________ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9.________ (love) me for who I am.Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li 10.________ (tell) me.答案：1.reminds 2.was 3.pointed 4.are 5.will accept 6.are7.was inspired8.have learned9.love10.told(二)快捷技法思考趋向1填谓语动词的时态和语态变化提示词是动词，且空格位于主语之后，分析句子成分后发现句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语，此时要结合语境考虑动词的时态和语态变化。
专题一语法填空[做考题·明考情]A(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __61__ (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long __62__ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of __63__ (die) early by running.While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it __64__ (be) more effective at lengthening life __65__ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __66__ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __67__ (cause)．The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to __68__ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always __69__ (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __70__ a try.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。
第三讲名词性从句一、明备考方向二、攻重点难点(一)引导名词性从句的连接代词(如what)，连接副词(如when)，连接词(that, if, whether)的用法和区别解答名词性从句中连接词的选用题目时，可采用“句子翻译法”，即看空缺处在句中是什么意思，充当什么成分。
若在从句中不作成分只起引导作用，用that；若表达“是否”意义，用if/whether；若充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，用连接代词；若充当状语，则用连接副词。
What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回到家。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到玛丽可能生病了。
(二)连接代词who/whom, what, which与whoever/whomever, whatever, whichever的用法和区别在这两类连接词中，前面三个连接词在引导名词性从句时依然带有疑问的语气和含义，分别表示“谁”“什么”和“哪一个”。
后面三个连接词则表示“无论……”的含义，并带有具体的针对性，不带疑问的语气和含义。
The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们找谁去替代她。
Whoever did it should be punished.无论是谁干的都应当受到惩罚。
(三)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用一般来说，在某些特定动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should 可省略。
常见的这类动词有“一个坚持”(insist)；“两个命令”(order, command)；“三个建议”(suggest, advise, recommend)；“四个要求”(desire, require, demand, request)；“外加一个敦促”(urge)。
I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我坚持她应当单独做她的工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。
(四)同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句的作用相当于名词，用来解释说明前面名词(短语)的内容，常见的名词(通常是抽象名词)有idea, thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, proposal, truth, news, possibility等；定语从句的作用相当于形容词，充当定语用来修饰主句中的某个名词或代词。
The news that our football team won the match was true.(同位语从句)我们足球队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
The news (that) we heard on the radio was true.(定语从句)我们在收音机里听到的那则消息是真的。
三、练高频题点Ⅰ.语法填空题点全练1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.2．(2018·北京高考改编)This is what my father has taught me —to always face difficulties and hope for the best.3．(2018·天津高考改编)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.4．(2018·河南中原名校联考)Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming.5．(2018·福建安溪模拟)Success partially depends on whether you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.6．From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about 71% of its surface is covered by water.7．Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.8．The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.9．(2018·石家庄模拟)Finally, keep in mind that there are many things that can't be learnt immediately, and never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.10．Mr White is opposed to repairing the old building, and that's where I don't agree.Ⅱ.短文改错题点全练1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.that→where 2．I wonder that whether he has decided to go abroad.去掉that3．What he noticed was one of the windows facing south was open.第一个was后加that 4．Everyone could figure out what happened and Tom fixed everything.Tom前加that 5．(2018·唐山模拟)It's a great pity what we won't be able to finish the task on time.what→that6．(2018·河北石家庄质检)Finally I want to express my hope which all the younger fellows can make full use of time.which→that7．What we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.What→How8．If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.去掉when[课堂应用体验]Ⅰ.完成句子并改写1．大家的确都知道的是穷人都喜欢她，因为她总是帮助那些需要钱的人。
All that they did know was that she was loved by poor people because she always helped those who was in need of money.→What_they_did_know was that she was loved by poor people because she always helped whoever_was_in_need_of_money.(用名词性从句改写)2．她今天早晨来晚了，因为她不得不照顾她生病的女儿。
She came here late this morning, because_she_had_to_look_after her sick daughter.→The_reason_why she came here late this morning was_that_she_had_to_look_afterher sick daughter. (用名词性从句改写)3．我姐姐的梦想是拥有自己的商店，在里面她可以做自己最喜欢的蛋糕。
My sister's dream is to have_her_own_shop_in_which_she_can_make_her_favourite _cakes.→My sister's dream is_that_she_has_her_own_shop_in_which_she_can_make_her _favourite _cakes.(用名词性从句改写)4．看到这个女孩，我很吃惊。
I was surprised to see the girl.→What_surprised_me was to see the girl. (改为主语从句)→I saw the girl, which_surprised_me. (改为定语从句)5．众所周知，2020年奥运会将在东京举行。
As_is_known_to_us_all/As_we_all_know,_the 2020 Olympic Games will take place in Tokyo.(用定语从句翻译)→What_is_known_to_us_all_is_that the 2020 Olympic Games will take place in Tokyo.(用主语从句改写)→It_is_known_to_us_all_that the 2020 Olympic Games will take place in Tokyo.(用it作形式主语改写)Ⅱ.语法填空(2018·广州市综合测试)My doorbell rings at 11 a．m.On the step, I find an elderly Chinese lady holding the hand of a little boy.In her other hand __1__ (be) a paper bag.She is the little boy's grandmother, and her daughter, Nicole, bought __2__ house next door last October.Nicole has __3__ (obvious) told her mother that I am having a heart operation shortly, and the result is that her mother has decided __4__ (supply) me with meals.I know what is inside the paper bag — a bottle of hot soup and a __5__ (contain) with a meal of rice, vegetables and meat.It's become a daily occurrence.Communication __6__ us is somewhat difficult because she doesn't speak English and all I can say in Chinese is hello.Once, she brought an iPad as well as the food.She pointed to the screen, __7__ showed a message from her daughter telling me that her mother wanted to know __8__ the food was all right for me.So here we are, two grandmothers, neither of __9__ (we) being able to speak the other's language but communicating one way or another (with some help from technology)．The doorbell keeps __10__ (ring) and there is the familiar brown paper bag, handed smilingly to me.语篇解读：本文讲述了两位异国的老太太，虽然语言不通，但是在现代技术的帮助下互相交流，彼此关心，让人再次想起“远亲不如近邻”这句古语。
