定语从句---语法规则11111
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语法规则-定语从句定语从句讲义一、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2) You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
定语从句语法总结定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,在句中充当定语的作用。
它可以用来进一步描述、限定或补充名词或代词的含义。
定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
以下是一些关于定语从句的语法总结:1.关系代词:(1)主格:who,which,that- Who用于指人,作主语时代替的人- The person who is standing over there is my brother.- Which用于指物,作主语时代替的事物- The book which is on the table is mine.- That用于指人或物,作主语时代替的人或事物,比who和which 更常用- The man that is talking to Mary is her boss.(2)宾格:whom,which,that- Whom用于指人,作宾语时代替的人- The person whom I met yesterday is my teacher.- Which用于指物,作宾语时代替的事物- The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.- That用于指人或物,作宾语时代替的人或事物,比whom和which 更常用- The man that I saw in the park is my neighbor.(3)所有格:whose- Whose用于指人或物,表示所有关系- The woman whose husband is a doctor is my aunt.2. 关系副词:when,where,why- When用于指时间,修饰表示时间的名词- The day when we met was sunny and beautiful.- Where用于指地点,修饰表示地点的名词- The city where I was born is very beautiful.- Why用于指原因,修饰表示原因的名词- The reason why he came late is that he missed the bus.注意事项:-在非限定性定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词前面需加逗号或分号- 关系代词who,which,that在口语和非正式的书面语中,常可省略-在定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,并且其人称、数要与先行词保持一致-定语从句的谓语动词通常与先行词保持一致,但也有例外情况,如当先行词表示所有者时,谓语动词要与关系代词的先行词保持一致。
英语定语从句的语法规则
定语从句是英语中常用的修饰成分,用来进一步说明或描述名词或代词。
它由一个关系词引导,通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
以下是英语定语从句的基本语法规则:
1. 关系词:
- 关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that
- 关系副词:where, when, why
2. 关系词的使用:
- 关系代词who和whom用来修饰人,表示主语和宾语。
- 关系代词whose表示所属关系,修饰名词,表示所属关系。
- 关系代词which用来修饰物,表示主语和宾语。
- 关系代词that用来修饰人或物,表示主语和宾语。
- 关系副词where用来修饰地点。
- 关系副词when用来修饰时间。
- 关系副词why用来修饰原因。
3. 关系词在定语从句中的作用:
- 关系词引导的从句在句子中充当定语,修饰先行词。
- 关系词在定语从句中可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语。
4. 定语从句的位置:
- 定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
5. 关系词的省略:
- 当关系词在定语从句中作宾语且被省略时,定语从句中的动词要用关系代词所引导的从句中的主语作宾语。
- 当关系词在定语从句中作主语且被省略时,定语从句中的谓语动词要用关系代词所引导的从句中的主语作主语。
需要注意的是,定语从句的使用要考虑先行词的性质和所要表达的具体含义。
有时候也需借助上下文来判断关系词的选择。
以上是英语定语从句的基本语法规则,希望对您有所帮助。
定语从句超详细讲解什么是定语从句定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句,用来对所修饰的名词或代词进行进一步的说明或限制。
定语从句通常由关系词引导,在句中充当修饰成分。
关系词的种类常见的关系词有:who, whom, whose, which, that。
关系词根据在从句中的作用,可分为主格关系词、宾格关系词和属格关系词。
- 主格关系词:who, which- 宾格关系词:whom, which- 属格关系词:whose, of which定语从句结构定语从句的基本结构为:关系词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分。
根据所修饰的名词在定语从句中的作用,可分为三种结构:1. 主语关系从句:关系词在从句中作主语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:The book which is on the table is mine.(在桌子上的那本书是我的。
)2. 宾语关系从句:关系词在从句中作宾语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:She has a brother whom I have never met.(她有个兄弟我从未见过。
)3. 定语关系从句:关系词在从句中作定语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:I live in a house whose roof is red.(我住在一座房子里,它的屋顶是红色的。
)定语从句的使用注意事项- 关系词指代的是先行词,要保持一致性。
例如,主格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是人;宾格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是人或物;属格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是有所属关系的事物。
- 关系词在从句中可省略,但要根据上下文的需要决定是否省略。
定语从句的练题1. The girl _______ is my sister. (who/whom/which/that)2. The man _______ I talked to is the boss. (who/whom/which/that)3. She is the girl _______ mother works at the hospital.(who/whom/whose/which/that)4. The car _______ is parked outside is mine. (who/which/that)5. The book _______ you borrowed from the library is overdue. (whose/which/that)答案:1. who2. whom3. whose4. that5. which以上就是定语从句的超详细讲解。
定语从句语法专题(Attributive Clauses)教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语,被修饰的名词或代词,叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl(who got the first prize.)girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as(主, 宾, 定)关系副词: when, where, why.(状语)2.关系词的作用:(1)引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用;(2)代替先行词在句中充当成分。
定语从句语法知识点总结定语从句是用来修饰一个名词或代词的句子,常常用来给出进一步的描述或限定。
以下是一些定语从句的语法知识点总结:1. 引导词:定语从句通常由关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose)或关系副词(where, when, why)引导。
2.关系代词的选用:- that: 可以引导限定性和非限定性定语从句;用于人和物;- which: 用于非限定性定语从句,用于物;- who/whom: 用于人,在从句中作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom;- whose: 用于人和物,表示所属关系。
3.关系副词的选用:- where: 用于地点,在从句中作地点状语;- when: 用于时间,在从句中作时间状语;- why: 用于原因,在从句中作原因状语。
4.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:-限定性定语从句用来限定所修饰名词或代词的范围,不能省略,不用逗号与主句分开;-非限定性定语从句用来对前面的名词或代词进行补充说明,可以省略,用逗号与主句分开。
5.关系代词作宾语的省略:- 当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略:即省略关系代词that/which/who/whom,但要保留动词的宾语位置。
6.关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用:-关系代词在定语从句中充当一个成分,可以作主语、宾语、表语等;-关系副词在定语从句中充当一个状语,只能作时间、地点或原因状语。
7.先行词和定语从句的一致性:-关系代词的单复数和人称应与其在定语从句中的先行词保持一致;- 关系代词whose引导的定语从句是表示所属关系的,后面的先行词是被关系代词修饰的名词。
需要注意的是,定语从句的位置可以是句首、句中或句尾,要根据具体情况进行调整。
定语从句语法总结定语从句语法总结定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
在定语从句中,被修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词,而引导定语从句的词包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词包括that/who/whom/which/as,而关系副词包括when/where/why。
引导词通常位于定语从句之前,而定语从句的位置则紧跟在先行词之后。
定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
限定性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号,而非限定性定语从句和主句之间则用逗号隔开。
在限定性定语从句中,引导词可以直接引导定语从句,也可以由介词+关系代词引导。
介词的选用可以根据从句中的相关词组确定,通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。
非限定性定语从句通常由引导词直接引导。
I live in a house that is far away from the city。
In front of my house stands a big tree.At the gate。
there is an apple tree with many apples on it.This is the man to whom I gave the book.He has five children。
two of whom are living abroad.We have three books。
none of which are interesting.Non-restrictive relative clauses can be introduced by any relative pronoun except for "why" and "that"。
They are set off by commas and provide nal n about the antecedent。
They can be translated as two separate sentences.The engineer。
定语从句语法知识整理定语从句是英语中常用的表达方式之一,它用来修饰一个名词或代词,从而给出更多关于该名词或代词的信息。
在本文中,我们将对定语从句的语法知识进行整理和总结。
一、定语从句的基本结构定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,介绍一个与主句中的名词或代词有关的信息。
常见的关系代词有:who、whom、whose、which、that;常见的关系副词有:when、where、why。
定语从句的基本结构如下:关系代词引导的定语从句:- The person who (that) is standing over there is my brother.- I have a friend whose car broke down yesterday.关系副词引导的定语从句:- This is the restaurant where we had dinner last night.- Do you still remember the reason why he left?二、关系代词的使用1. "who"和"that"用来引导修饰人的定语从句,其中"who"可以作为主语或宾语,"that"只能作为宾语。
- The girl who (that) is talking to our teacher is very intelligent.- I have a friend who (that) I can always rely on.2. "whom"和"that"用来引导修饰人的定语从句,其中"whom"只能作为宾语,"that"可以作为主语或宾语。
- The man whom (that) we met yesterday is our new neighbor.- Is there anyone that you want to invite to the party?3. "whose"用来引导修饰人或物的定语从句,表示所属关系。
定语从句的用法及注意事项定语从句是英语中非常常用的一种修饰手段,它能够进一步丰富句子的信息内容,使语言表达更加精准和准确。
在使用定语从句时,我们需要注意一些语法规则和注意事项。
本文将详细介绍定语从句的用法,并提供一些使用定语从句时需要遵守的准则。
一、定语从句的概念和基本结构定语从句是指在句子中作为修饰成分的从句。
它由关系代词或关系副词引导,并且与先行词在词义上有一定关系。
定语从句通常用来修饰名词或代词,进一步解释或限定它们的意义。
定语从句的基本结构为:关系词 + 主句。
其中,关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
关系代词包括who, whom, whose, which和that;关系副词包括where, when和why。
根据具体语境选择合适的关系词。
二、定语从句的用法1. 修饰人:a. 关系代词who和whom用来修饰主格和宾格的人,代指先行词在先行词中作主语或宾语的人。
例如:I met the girl who/whom you mentioned yesterday.(我昨天见到了你提到的那个女孩。
)b. 关系代词whose用来修饰所有格的人,表示所属关系。
例如:This is the man whose car was stolen.(这是那个汽车被偷的男人。
)2. 修饰物:a. 关系代词which用来修饰主格和宾格的物,代指先行词在先行词中作主语或宾语的物。
例如:I bought a book which/that is very interesting.(我买了一本非常有趣的书。
)b. 关系代词whose用来修饰所有格的物,表示所属关系。
例如:This is the house whose roof was damaged.(这是那栋屋顶受损的房子。
)3. 修饰地点、时间、原因:a. 关系副词where用来修饰地点,指代先行词在先行词中表示地点的名词。
例如:Do you know the place where we met?(你知道我们见面的地方吗?)b. 关系副词when用来修饰时间,指代先行词在先行词中表示时间的名词。
定语从句语法总结定语从句语法总结介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。
以下是小编为大家整理分享的定语从句语法总结,欢迎阅读参考。
定语从句语法总结一.几个基本概念1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
(1)关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as(2)关系副词:when/where/why5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
【as除外】6.引导词的功能(作用):(1)连接先行词和定语从句。
(2)在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型:(1)限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you’re tal king to is my friend.② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。
例如:The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting isfrom Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.(2)非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
一.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别。
限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用。
而非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用。
非限制性定语从句中,先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开。
非限制性定语从句相当于并列句,状语从句等。
如:I want this man ,who(=for he) can speak English.He gave up the plan, which(=though it) was a very good one.I will take this one, which(=for it)seems to be the best one.He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has more than two sons.) 二.非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法。
1.关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略。
2.who(主语),whom(宾语),which(主语,宾语) 不能用that 代替,也不能互相替换。
3.介词+which/whom +从句结构中,介词不能移到从句后面。
4.when,where可用于非限制性定语从句。
题组训练○1That is my father, and he works in Shanghai.That is his father,_________works in Shanghai.○2I like the boy, who is very lovely.I like the boy, ________is very lovely.○3He told me a story yesterday, and I think it is very interesting. \He told me a story yesterday,_________ I think is very interesting.关系代词的用法(一)关系代词的作用和分类1.关系代词的作用有三个:(1)连接作用:关系代词引导从句,把它和主句连接起来。
(2)替代作用:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词。
(3)成分作用:关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。
2.关系代词的用法分类:(1)根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性。
(2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物。
(3)根据它在从句中所充当的成分―――主语,宾语,表语或定语。
(二)关系代词that和which的用法。
1.限定性定语从句中,必须用关系代词that的情况。
(1)当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时。
Eg:Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?Y ou should hand in all that you have.(2) 当先行词前面被the only, the very(恰恰,正好), any , few, little, no, all 等词修饰时。
如:This is the very bus that I’m waiting for.The only thing that we can do is (to) give you some money.(3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
如:This is the best that has been used against pollution.This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.(4) 当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
如:This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.What is the first American film that you have seen?(5) 当先行词既有人又有物时。
如:Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(6) 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
如:Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the boy that won the gold medal?(7) 有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系从句代词宜用which,另外一个宜用that。
如: They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.(8) 当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
如:Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.2.定语从句中,必须用which的情况:(1)在非限制性定语从句中,只用which,不用that。
如:Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.(2)当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which,不用that。
This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.注意:在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。
如:This is a the pen (which/that) I’m looking for.不可以说:This is the pen for which I’m looking.题组训练用关系代词that 或which 填空。
1.Is there anything_________you don’t understand about the problem?2.The worst matter_______ I’m afraid of happened in the end.3.All the presents_________your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.4.This is the very book _________ I have been looking for.5.He was late for the opening ceremony,_________was very surprising to me.三.关系代词who, whom 和whose 的用法。
当先行词指人:1.在从句中作主语时,用who ,不可省略;2.在定语从句中作宾语时,用whom/that 可以省略;3.在定语从句中作定语时,用whose ,不可省略。
如:She is the girl who lives next door.先行词在定语从句中作主语That’s the girl (whom/that) I teach.先行词在定语从句中作宾语。
This is the scientist whose achievements are well-known.先行词在定语从句中作定语。
This is the house, whose window broke last night.=This is the house,the window of which broke last night.=this is the house, of which the window broke last night.用关系代词Who,whom 或whose填空。
1.Luxun,_______real name was Zhou Shuren,wrote many political novels and essays.2.The man________you met just now is my old friend.3.The man_______is walking on the playground is my old friend.4.A child_______parents are dead is called an orphan.四.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,关系代词只能用which指物,whom指人.2.当介词在关系代词前面时,关系代词只能用which 或whom ,且不能省略。
如:Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.2.在限制性定语从句中,当介词位于定语从句末尾时,可用that/which 指物,that/whom/who 指人作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。
如This is the hero that/who/whom we are pround of.This is the pen that/which I wrote the letter with.3。
复合介词短语+关系代词which 引导的定语从句,这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。
如:He lives in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.5.介词+which/whom +不定式结构The poor man has no house in which to live.=The poor man has no house to live in=The poor man has no house in which he can live.The beggar has no money with which to buy food.=The beggar has no money to buy food with.=The beggar has no money that/which he can buy food with.1.Mrs.lee will move into the new house next Monday,__A____it will be completelyfinished.]A. by which timeB. by that timeC. by this timeD. by the time.2.Have you seen the book ___C____is yellow?A. the cover of itB. which coverC. the cover of whichD. which’s cover3.Frank’s dream is to have his own garden ____D____many produce many beautifulflowers.A. in it to produceB. which produceC. it producesD. in which to produce五.关系代词as 引导的定语从句。