定语从句语法详解
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定语从句语法专题(Attributive Clauses)教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语,被修饰的名词或代词,叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl(who got the first prize.)girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as(主, 宾, 定)关系副词: when, where, why.(状语)2.关系词的作用:(1)引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用;(2)代替先行词在句中充当成分。
定语从句语法详解与案例分析定语从句是英语中常用的修饰名词的从句结构,它可以给予读者更多的信息,以便更清晰地描述一个人或事物。
在本文中,我们将对定语从句的语法做详细解释,并提供一些案例分析来加深理解。
一、定语从句的基本结构定语从句的基本结构由引导词(关系词)和从句组成。
引导词根据其在定语从句中的功能和先行词的词性可以分为以下几种:1. 关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或属格,其选择要根据引导词在定语从句中所充当的成分来确定。
例句1:The girl who is standing there is my sister.例句2:I have a friend whose father is a doctor.例句3:Is there anything that I can do for you?2. 关系副词:where, when, why关系副词分别表示地点、时间和原因,其在定语从句中充当状语。
例句4:I still remember the day when we first met.例句5:This is the place where we used to study.例句6:I don't know the reason why he left.二、定语从句的用法定语从句在句子中的位置可以灵活变化,但通常紧跟在被修饰的名词后面。
1. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对名词的修饰是必要的,如果去掉将会使句子的意思不完整或不明确。
关系词可以是关系代词或关系副词。
例句7:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.例句8:He is the man who won the first prize in the competition.2. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对名词的修饰是附加的,可以去掉而不影响句子的基本意思。
英语语法讲解之定语从句一、几个基本概念1.定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/which/whom/whose﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why﹙3﹚引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
﹙4﹚引导词的功能(作用):①连接先行词和定语从句。
②在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
5.定语从句的类型:﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句Eg.The man who you’re talking to is my friend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导Eg.The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.=I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.=介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在相关动词之后。
例如:The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.※﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
英语定语从句语法详解定语从句是英语中非常重要的一个语法结构,用于修饰名词或代词,并且在句子中起到定语的作用。
在本文中,我们将详细介绍英语定语从句的概念、用法以及常见的引导词。
一、定语从句的概念和用途定语从句是由一个句子作为整体,用来修饰名词或代词的句子。
它可以提供进一步的信息,使得句子更加具体明确。
定语从句通常放置在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
In this sentence, "that I bought yesterday"是一个定语从句,修饰名词"book",进一步解释了这本书的情况。
二、引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
常见的关系代词有:who、whom、whose、which、that等;常见的关系副词有:when、where、why等。
1. 关系代词的用法a. who/whom/whose:用于人。
who用作主语或宾语,whom用作宾语,而whose表示所有关系。
例如:The man who is standing over there is my father.那个站在那里的人是我爸爸。
The boy whom I met yesterday is my classmate.我昨天遇到的那个男孩是我的同学。
This is the house whose roof is red.这是一座屋顶是红色的房子。
b. which/that:用于物。
which用作主语或宾语,that可用作主语、宾语或定语。
例如:The car which/that is parked in front of the house is mine.停在房子前面的那辆车是我的。
The book which/that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。
英语语法指导:定语从句详解一、定义定语从句是指在句中做定语作用,修饰句中的名词或代词的从句,其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。
当关系代词作定语从句的主语时,其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。
二、定语从句的结构定语从句一般位于先行词的后面,定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which,that, as和关系副词when, where, why等引导。
(一)关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
(1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中做主语和宾语。
例如:·Is he the manwho/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中做主语)·He is the manwhom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中做宾语)(2)whose用作关系词表示所属格,也可看作是关系形容词,因为它后面必须接一个名词连用。
不能单独使用。
例如:·They rushed over to help the manwhose car had brokendown.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
(3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可做主语、宾语等。
作宾语时常可省略。
例如:·A prosperitywhich / that ha d never been seen beforeappears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
(which / that在句中作宾语)(二)关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
英语定语从句语法解析英语定语从句语法解析语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后,系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。
英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。
下面店铺带来英语定语从句语法解析,欢迎阅读!英语定语从句语法解析篇11.先行词为all, anything, something, nothing, everything, much, little, none等不定代词时,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。
在大多数情况下that可以省略.Please tell me everything you know about the matter.Thats all we can do at the moment.2.as引出的限制性定语从句在such as的结构中as可作关系代词,引出限制性定语从句。
有时和same连用,在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语等。
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.Ive never seen such a talented young man as he is.I have the same trouble as you .3.as引出的非限制性定语从句as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句,通常译为(正)如一样,(正)象一样等。
as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开,可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面.I live a long way from work, as you know.She did not, as her friend had feared, break down.As is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.4.分隔式定语从句定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但有时会被其他句子成分与先行词隔开,从而构成分隔式定语从句。
定语从句语法知识归纳一、基本概念(一)定语从句在复合句中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
(二)先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
一般情况下,定语从句紧跟先行词。
但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
(三)关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。
与先行词关系密切,因此紧跟先行词,并在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词有:who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外,as也可充当关系代词。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
关系副词有:when, where和why。
在定语从句中充当状语。
一.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词的用法(一)基本用法根据先行词的不同,和在从句中所充当的成分不同,选用不同的关系代词。
如下表:例如:(注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分)①Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? (作主语)②I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. (作主语)③The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. (作宾语)④This is the new secretary (who/whom/that)I would like to introduce to you. (作宾语)⑤The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. (作定语)注意:关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略,充当主语时则不能。
(见上例③④)(二)关系代词that代替which的一些情况which, that 在代替物时,一般可以通用。
定语从句详解+例句定语从句是英语重点语法之一,几乎每个人在研究英语时都会遇到,也是高考、四级、六级等考试的重点,因此需要系统的掌握和练。
定语从句在英语中经常出现,用于修饰名词或代词,从而可以更加精准地表达意思。
以下是定语从句的详细解释和例句。
一、什么是定语从句定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词,从而使该名词或代词的含义更加精确。
在定语从句中,包含了一个关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)或一个关系副词(where,when,why)等。
二、定语从句的种类1. 定义性定语从句定义性定语从句是限制性的定语从句。
它的作用是进一步说明名词的具体内容和范围。
这种定语从句中的关系代词一般用that/who/which。
例:The book which is on the desk is mine. (在桌子上的书是我的。
)2. 非定义性定语从句非定义性定语从句是非限制性的定语从句。
它用来为名词或代词提供附加的描述或补充信息。
这种定语从句中的关系代词一般用which/who。
例:My husband, who is a doctor, is very busy. (我丈夫是个医生,非常忙。
)三、定语从句的引导词1. 关系代词关系代词包括 that、which、who、whom、whose。
指物指人主格 which who宾格 which/ that whom/who形容词性物主代词 whose whose2. 关系副词关系副词有三个,分别是 when、where 和 why,表示时间、地点和原因。
四、定语从句的位置定语从句通常紧跟在它所修饰的名词之后,用于对该名词进行限制或描述。
五、注意点1. 先行词需要同定语从句中的关系代词在性、数上保持一致。
2. 当先行词在定语从句中作为主语时,关系代词要使用主格形式 who 或者 that。
若先行词在定语从句中作为宾语,关系代词要使用宾格形式 whom 或者 that。
【高中英语】英语语法讲解之定语从句(一)定语从句的结构:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that,which,who,whose,when,where,why)。
先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。
结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1.thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.2.在日本,有人看到其他人在谈论他们时,会认为这意味着钱。
4.theparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheirhabitatsin theriversandcoastalwatersofasia.5.访客可以在他们可以看到的地方查看他们在自己的房间内看到的东西。
6.oprahwinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.(二)定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,缺少它,则句义显得不完整,从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限制性定语从句:补充和解释先行词。
它与先行词之间用逗号分隔。
1.beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.2.树木一棵接一棵地被水砍倒,水的深度必须达到米。
3.flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.4.他们的演讲包括节奏和押韵词,这些词经常引起听众的掌声。
定语从句一、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词:that(指代人或物),which(指代物),who(指代人)(宾格whom,所有格whose)等。
作主语时,不可省略;作宾语时,可省略。
关系副词:where,when,why等。
关系代词和关系副词起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句:紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
非限制性定语从句:主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法1. that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。
作宾语时,that可省略。
例如:Mary likes music tha t is quiet and gentle.(that作主语)There are two books (that)I want to read.(that作宾语)有两本书我想读一读。
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语。
例如:They planted the trees which don't need too much water. (which作主语)他们种植了不需要太多水的树。
The fish(which)we bought was not fresh. (which作宾语)我们买的鱼不太新鲜了。
3.who,whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。
例如:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.(who作主语)经常帮助我学习英语的那个女孩来自英国。
The girl (who/whom)we met yesterday is Li Lei’s sister.(whom作宾语)昨天我们见到的那个女孩是李雷的妹妹。
定语从句语法专题(Attributive Clauses)教案一.定语从句的概述:1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语,被修饰的名词或代词,叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl(who got the first prize.)girl先行词who充当从句主语,从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词,who broke the window是限制性定语从句,明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句:是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子,复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语,主句是复合句的主体,可以独立存在,从句需要有一个连词引导,是修饰说明主句的,不能独立存在,根据在句中的不同作用,从句可以分为三类:定语从句,名词性从句,状语从句。
二.引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1. 关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词:that, who, whom, whose, which,as(主,宾,定)关系副词:when, where, why.(状语)2. 关系词的作用:(1)引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用;(2)代替先行词在句中充当成分。
三.定语从句的分类:限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1.限定性定语从句:限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或者失去意义。
从句和主句的关系十分密切,不可用逗号隔开,也不可省略。
eg She has found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago.That代替先行词necklace,在从句中充当lost的宾语The man who spoke last was Dr Li.Who代替先行词man在从句中充当主语2.非限制性定语从句:从句和主句的关系不是十分密切,从句只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚完整,这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,一般不that引导。
eg Lijiang, (where I was born), is very beautiful.关系副词where代替先行词Lijiang,在从句中充当地点状语,如果去掉从句,主句依然完整,这就称为非限制定语从句I , who am your friend, will share the work with you.我是你的朋友,将与你分担这项工作。
I是先行词,who am your friend是非限制性定语从句,对先行词I起附加说明的作用,如果去掉,主句依然清楚完整四.Which与that的用法1. 只用that的情况:(1) 当先行词是不定代词时,如everything, anything, nothing, none, the one(something除外)all,little,much,few 等,或被不定代词修饰时。
eg This is all that I want to say .He did everything that he could to help me .他尽他所能来帮助我。
Is everything __we need to do __.Yes,You needn’t worry about it.A. Which,has doneB. which ,doingC.that,has doneD.that,done去掉疑问句变成everything is done一般现在时被动语态Everything that we need to do我们所需要做的每一件事情I had to remember everything that the teacher taught me.我必须记住老师教给我的一切知识。
(2)先行词前有序数词或形容词,副词的最高级修饰,或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词,副词最高级时This is the most interesting film that I have seen。
He was the first student that got to school today.他是今天第一个到学校的学生。
He worked out the most difficult problem that I had seen.他解答出我所见过最难的题目。
(3) 当先行词被the only,the last,the very(正好,恰恰),the just等修饰时The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice。
我们能做的唯一的一件事就是给你们一些建议。
I need the same dictionary that you have.我需要同你一样的字典。
This is the very bus that I’m waiting for .This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.(4) 先行词中既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard.他给我们讲了许多我们从来没有听说过的有趣的人和事。
The film star and her films that you have just talked about are really well-known。
你们刚刚谈论的那个明星和她的电影非常有名。
(5) 当主句是以who, which引导的特殊疑问句时(先行词前有who,which等疑问代词时)Who is the man that you spoke to just now?你刚才跟他说话的那个人是谁?Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the boy that won the gold medal?(6) 句中有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which时,另一个宜用thatThey secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution。
(7) 当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中作表语Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be。
He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be.口诀:That 用法真有趣,两个地方它不去;逗号后面它不去,介词之后不考虑;that,which代替物,区别听我来叙述;先行若是不定代,that就把which踹;先行词前有序数,用上that定无误;先行词前最高级,还用that定无疑;句中若有there be ,that应把which替;多背诵,多操练,that用法要牢记。
关系副词when/where/why,从中作状莫懈怠;时用when因用why,where地点经常在;关系副词可互换,介词加上关系代;关系代,关系代,that与who要除外。
挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行2.只用which的情况(1)关系代词前有介词且指物时只用whichThis is the house in which I lived two years ago。
(2)引导非限制定语从句时Football ,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world。
(3)先行词本身就是that,those时常用whichI have that (which)you gave me。
This is that which he bought yesterday。
(4)一个句子中有两个定从时,为避免重复,一个用that,另一个用which。
Let me show you the novel that I have borrowed from the library which was newly opened to us.巧记that和which用法异同That,which可互换,下列情况勿照办That情况比较多,先来对你说一说不定代词这一伙,全用that准没错先行词前有修饰,千万不要用which要用which别着急,介词提前逗隔离五.介词+which/whom结构用法介词+ which 物whom 人1. “介词+关系代词”引导定从时,介词的宾语只能用which或whom介词+which在定从作时间,地点,原因状语,相当于when,where,why。
She still remembers the day on which (when)she won the prize。
Potatoes can be grown in places in which (where)it is too cold to grow rice.有些地方太冷不能种水稻,但可以种马铃薯。
This is the reason why he came late。
This is the reason for which he came late。
2.“介词(短语)+which”在定语从句中作目的,方式状语。
There is a big window in my room through which I can see the railway station.3.“介词+which/whom”在含有被动结构的定从中作状语,表示动作的执行者The rascal by whom the little boy was beaten was arrested this morning .The little boy was beaten by the rascal...4.“不定代词,数词或名词+of which /whom”在定从中作主语Here are the questions ,some of which I think are difficult for you。