现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
- 格式:ppt
- 大小:1.74 MB
- 文档页数:15
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别(一)分词的作用·现在分词可用于:·①构成进行时。
. We are studying English.·②当副词作状语。
. The children came, singing and dancing.·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
·. Falling leaves danced in the air.·I saw many birds flying along the river.·The story is very moving.·过去分词可用于:·①构成完成时。
. The play had begun when we arrived there.·②构成被动语态。
. English is widely spoken in the world.·③当副词作状语。
. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
·. a boy named Tom·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes.·I’m interested in English.(二)现在分词与过去分词的两大差别1.在语态上:现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动。
2.在时态上:现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成。
(三)确定分词的使用的具体步骤(1)根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分(2)找准逻辑主语(3)判断主、被动关系(4)选定现在或过去分词1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be playing3. What’s the lan guage ____ in GermanyA. speakingB. spokenC. be spokenD. to speak4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. inviting5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written(四)分词作表语共同点:分词作表语时,它起着形容词的作用。
现在分词和过去分词的用法区别
过去分词和现在分词的区别
1.在语态上现在分词表示主动的意思,表示它所修饰的人或物的行为;及物动词的过去分词表示被动的意思,表示它所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。
换言之,现在分词是它修饰的成分所作出的动作,过去分词是它修饰的成分所承受的动作。
2.在时间上,现在分词往往表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示动作已完成。
3.做表语时的不同。
现在分词做表语表示主语所具有的特征,意思是“令人如何”。
过去分词多表示主语所处的状态,意思是“感到如何”。
4.做状语的区别,分词短语在句中可做时间、原因、方式、伴随状语。
现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生、意思是主动的。
而过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生、意思是被动的。
过去分词的用法
1.表示过去:即表示过去某时已发生的被动动作--由于既有完成的意味,又有被动意味,符合过去分词的基本特征。
2.表示同时:即表示与谓语动词同时(或几乎同时)发生的被动动作。
3.表示状态:即现在已经存在的态或过去(当时)的存在的一种被动的状态。
4.表示经常性或泛指:过去分词有两个基本特点,一是表示被
动,二是表示完成。
现在分词的用法
1.现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与主语动作同时发生。
2.当要表示一个被动动作时,现在分词就用被动形式。
3.分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前,遇上现在分词的完成式、被动式以及完成被动式,否定词应置于整个结构之前。
过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别在哪儿过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别在哪儿1. 过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别现在分词在句中也可以作时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随状语,但所不同的是现在分词与句子的主语在逻辑上是主谓关系。
也可以用现在分词的完成式,则表示动作的完成。
过去分词作状语时,它表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间是被动关系。
现在分词的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作,过去分词表示被动完成的动作。
如:_____D____ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (2009江西)A. GivingB. Having givenC. To giveD. Given_____A______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. (2008北京)A. SeeingB. To seeC. SeeD. Seen2. v-ing形式与不定式作结果状语的区别v-ing形式作结果状语表示意料之中的结果,而不定式作结果状语表示意料之外的情况。
比较:The child fell, striking his head against the door.She went home only to find her house broken into.He hurried to the booking office only ____B_________ that all the tickets had been sold out. (2006陕西)A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told3. 悬垂分词状语分词短语一般要与句子主语保持一致,但有一些固定的分词短语却不必与其逻辑主语保持一致。
V-ing (现在分词)作状语v-ed/done(过去分词)作状语,表语,定语,宾补一.现在分词的形式形式主动形式被动形式否定形式一般式doing beingdone not doing/beingdone完成式havingdone having been done not having(been)done二.现在分词作状语辨析:动词的-ing 形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别。
辨析:(1)动词的-ing 形式作结果状语通常表示自然而然的结果。
(2)动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果,常与only 连用,构成“only to do sth.”三.连词+动词的-ing 形式作状语,省略状语从句的主语和系动词be ,表示主动或者正在句子功能例句1.作时间状语,相当于when,while,as,after 等引导的时间状语从句Crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.=When he was crossing the road,the old man was knocked over by a car.2.作原因状语,相当于as,because,since 等引导的原因状语从句Having eaten too much ,he couldn 't go to sleep.=Because he had eaten too much,he couldn't go to sleep.3.作条件状语,相当于if,once,unless 等引导的条件状语从句Using your head,you 'll find a good way.=If you use your head,you'll find a good way.4.作方式或伴随状语,相当于and 连接的并列谓语动词。
Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.=Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.5.作结果状语,可扩展为有并列谓语的句子。
现在分词和过去分词的用法现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行”,过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。
分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
表示伴随 1. 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行”,过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。
分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
表示伴随1. 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果(补充说明)、让步、伴随等。
分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。
作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
补充说明补充说明【例】Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness.分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系:主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
【例】Not shavings enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we don't have enough hands) Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us)Inspired by Leifeng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their modernization.____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6)A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed本句意思为:相信地球是平的,许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。