中考英语语法(1)名词
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2013年中考英语语法之名词
1、可数名词与不可数名词
A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge（粥）;
不可数名词应注意以下几点：
1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.
2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用lots of短语
eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [C]
A. a
B. one
C. a piece of
D. many
There is some_______ on the plate. [B]
A. apple
B. fish
C. milks
D. deer
2、可数名词的复数
A、不规则变化：
man—men ; woman—women ;child—children
policeman—policemen
Englishman—Englishmen
Frenchman—Frenchmen
foot—feet ; tooth—teeth mouse(鼠)—mice
B、规则变化
1）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加es 读[iz]
2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加s
eg. box es [b ks iz] blous es [blauz iz]
3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz]
eg. kniv es [na ivz]
4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清[s]
5)一般加s 浊就浊[z]
eg. book s[buk s] pen s[pen z] babi es[beibi z]
但注意以下几点：
①potato—potatoes ; tomato—tomatoes ; negro—negroes; photo—photos (凡是以“o”结尾有其意思是有生命的就加“es”, 否则就加“s”)
②单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese
③由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数
man doctor — men doctors
④reef—reefs
⑤“某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面. eg. German—Germans
⑥people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概念The police are looking for the missing boy.
3、名词所有格：名词’s (意思是“……的”)
A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”但注意：
1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”
Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲
Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.
2)以s结尾的词只加“’ ”
eg. 1) the boys’ books 2) James’ father
3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导
eg. the leg of the desk
4)双重所有格：a friend of my father’s
a friend of mine ( √) a friend of my( × )
练习
选择正确的答案
( )1.—Are those ______?
---No, they aren’t. They’re _____.
A. sheep ; cows
B. sheep ; cow
C. sheeps ; cow
D. sheeps ; cows
( )2.Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ____.
A. two orange
B. two bottles of orange
C. two bottles orange
D. two bottles of oranges
( )3.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do you want to know?
A. a very good
B. any
C. a piece of
D. two pieces
( )4.___ room is on the 5th floor.
A. Lucy and Lily
B. Lucy and Lily’s
C. Lucy’s and Lily
D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ____ to his office.
A. 20 minutes’ walk
B. 20 minute’s walk
C. 20-minutes walk
D. 20-minute walk
( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him ____.
A. Mr. Green
B. Mr. Allan
C. Mr. James
D. James Green
( )7.Jack and Tom are ____.
A. good friends
B. good friend
C. a good friend
D. good a friend
( )8.It’s only about ten ____ wal k to the nearest post office. A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’ D. minute
( )9.He often has ____ for breakfast.
A. two breads
B. two piece of breads
C. two pieces of bread
D. two pieces of breads
( )10.Mrs. Green has two ____. They’re very bright.
A. childs
B. child
C. children’s
D. children
( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jim’s ______.
A. two months holiday
B. two months’ holiday
C. two-month holiday
D. two month’s holidays
( )12.I won’t go there with you, for I have a lot of ____ to do.
A. works
B. job
C. work
D. working
( )13.Li Lei is a friend of ___.
A. I sister
B. my sister’s
C. me sister
D. my sister of
( )14.Have you read ____?
A. today’s
B. today paper
C. the today’s paper
D. today’s pape r
( )15.How many ___ are there in the room?
A. boxes
B. box
C. boxs
D. boxxes
( )16.Many ____ have been built in our city since 1987.
A. factorys
B. factories
C. factoryes
D. factorys
( )17.There are lots of ___ in the basket on the table .
A. tomatos
B. tomato
C. tomatoes
D. tomatoss
( )18.The cat caught two ___ last night.
A. mouses
B. mice
C. mouse
D. mices
( )19.Jack went to have two ___ pulled out yesterday afternoon.
A. tooths
B. tooth
C. teeth
D. toothes
( )20.In our school there are fifty-five ___.
A. women teachers
B. woman teachers
C. women teacher
D. woman’s teacher
( )21.The three ___ will be put into prison.
A. thiefs
B. thief
C. thieves
D. thiefs’。
