中考英语语法复习-名词考点
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一、选择题1.Jim and I know her last name.A.am not B.isn’tC.aren’t D.don’t D解析:D【解析】试题分析:句意:吉姆和我都不知道她的姓。
分析:know为实义动词,因此改为否定句时,要借助于助动词do.因此选择第四项正确。
故选 C考点:考查主谓一致。
2.The newspaper came just now. I ________it yet.A.has read B.have read C.hasn’t read D.haven’t read D解析:D【解析】【详解】句意:刚刚报纸到了,我还没有读。
考查现在完成时。
四个选项都是现在完成时的形式。
根据题干结合选项可知此处要用现在完成时;由主语I可知要用助动词have,再结合题干中“yet”可知此处是否定句,用haven’t read符合题意。
故选D。
3.--- Mum, there's no milk in the fridge.一Oh; but there ____________ two bottles of apple juice in it.A.are B.isn't C.aren't D.is A解析:A【解析】【详解】句意:——妈妈,冰箱里没有牛奶了。
——哦;但是里面有两瓶苹果汁。
考查there be结构。
there be结构遵循就近原则,two bottles两瓶,系词需用are;but表转折,根据句意语境,可知本句是肯定句,故选A。
4.Mr. White __________ the blue trousers because __________his shirt well.A.likes; they don't match B.doesn’t like; they don’t match C.likes; it matches D.doesn't like; it matches B解析:B【解析】【详解】句意:怀特先生不喜欢这个蓝色的裤子,因为他们不能和他的衬衫很好地搭配。
语法专题五、名词(必考)名词即表示人或物名称的词,它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
专有名词表示人、地方、事物、组织等名称的词,如:Lucy, China, the Great Wall.考点1 可数名词的复数形式1.名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)与不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns),可数名词有单数与复数两种形式,名词复数构成形式部分规则如下:情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s在清辅音后读/s/在浊辅音和元音后读/z/在t后读/ts/在d后读/dz/cake-cakes day-days student-students bed-beds以-s, -x, -sh, -ch等结尾的词加-es读/IZ/bus-buses,box-boxeswatch-watches以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i,再加-es读/z/baby-babies,city-citiescountry-countries以元音字母加y结尾的词加-s读/z/toy-toysmonkey-monkeys以f(fe)结尾的词变f(fe)为ves读/vz/leaf-leaves,life-liveswolf-wolves不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母;单复数形式相同;其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, sheep-sheep mouse-mice2.某国人变复数(1)中国人a Chinese-Chinese; (2)日本人a Japanese- Japanese (2)英国人an Englishman-Englishmen;(3)法国人a Frenchman-Frenchmen (4)美国人American- Americans (5)德国人German-Germans 考点精讲可用口诀记忆这一点,即:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。
3.以-o结尾的名词,有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆”。
1.名词(n.):名词用来表示人、事物或抽象概念,如:boy 男孩,morning 早晨,duty 责任;在句子中主要作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、同位语、定语等。
例如:The tomatoes on the table are very fresh. 桌子上的西红柿很新鲜。
(作主语)He is a doctor. 他是个医生。
(作表语)We’ll call the baby Mary. 我们要给这个婴儿取名玛丽。
(作宾语补足语)英语的名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数形式两种形式,但有时两种形式是相同的。
可数名词单数形式可以与不定冠词连用,例如:a book(一本书);an apple (一个苹果)。
可数名词复数形式可以与few,a few,many,several等连用,例如:a few girls。
不可数名词是表示不可以计数的事物的名词,不能用不定冠词a(an)或数词one修饰,并且不分单复数,物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词一般都是不可数的,例如:milk (牛奶);education(教育)。
2. 可数名词的单数变为复数的规则:(1)一般情况下,在可数名词的单数形式后面加字母-s构成复数形式。
例如:book -books pen -pens eraser -erasers(2)以字母x;s;ch;sh结尾的单词,其复数形式是在单词后面加字母-es。
例如:bus -buses box -boxes watch -watches(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是把字母y变为i再加-es。
例如:baby -babies country-countries city -cities注意:如果是以元音字母+y结尾的单词则直接加字母-s。
例如:boy -boys toy-toys(4)以字母f或者fe结尾的可数名词,其复数形式是先把字母f变为v再加-es。
第一讲名词一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事、物、地点以及抽象概念的词。
二、名词的分类(一)专有名词和普通名词名词根据其意义分为普通名词和专有名词1、专有名词是表示特定的人或事物名称的词。
如:Peter, Snow White, Sunday, April,Christmas Day, China, Changsha, the Great Wall, the WTO, West Street...2、凡不属于特定的人或事物的名称的词,叫普通名词。
如:desk, book , people, air, interest,idea...(二)可数名词和不可数名词名词根据是否能够用数字来计算,可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1、可数名词复数的变化规则a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches;c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families, city-cities ;d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:wife- wives, knife-knives,wolf -wolves, leaf-leaves ;e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况1)__________+es 如:mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) ___________+s 如:photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, child-children, foot-feet,tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, goose-geese单复数同形:fish-fish deer -deer sheep -sheep people(人们)-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese(中日不变英法变,其余后面加s)Englishman-____________________, Frenchman-_________________Russian=_____________________ American-__________________2、复合名词变复数boy student-boy students man doctor-men doctors3、不可数名词◆不可数名词没有复数形式,如:tea,,meat.◆不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词(a/an)直接修饰,若要表示数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。
中考英语考点专项复习专题一名词第一部分:名词基本考点解析考点一:名词的数掌握可数名词单数变复数的相关知识,包括规则变化和不规则变化,除此外掌握一些特殊名词的单复数情况。
1. 可数名词单数变复数规则变化如下表:规则例词1通常(除不规则和下面情况)在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, d ish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives,wife-wives, half-halves加-s chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2.不规则变化的情况归纳如下:①改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式:例如:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice②单复数相同:sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan③一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police④表示“某国人”单复数相同的:Chinese, Japanese需要加s的:加s复数,不加s单数:Americans, Australians, Germans以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women:Englishmen, Frenchwomen⑤合成名词将主体名词变为复数:sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends将两部分变为复数:women singers, men servants3.特殊的情况①有些名词只有复数形式:trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses②有些集体名词,当作整体概念是可以作单数,看成集体中的成员也可以作复数。
中考英语语法复习—名词名词部分的考查重点为:1、名词的可数与不可数性。
2、名词单复数在特定情况下的使用。
3、名词的普通格与所有格作定语的选用。
4、物质名词、抽象名词具体化。
名词词义的区别与固定搭配。
【考点诠释】一、名词的各种分类。
单、复数的用法及单数名词变复数名词的方式,包括可数名词的复数的变化规则,少数不规则名词的复数形式及部分单复、数同形的名词。
【考例】There is good_________ for you. I've found your lost watch.A. newsB. ideasC. messagesD. thoughtsMy uncle will come to my house for dinner.I want to buy some ___to make a vegetable salad for him.A.meat B.tomatoes C.apple juice The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert.A. farmersB. doctorsC. driversD. singersAt night the koala bear gets up and eats___________.A.1eaf B.1eaves C.leafsThe PLA man saved three ____lives in the accident.A.children’s B.children C.child D.childs' Come on,children.Help yourselves to some_________ if you like.A.fish and chicken B.fishes and chicken C.fish and chickens D.fishes and chickensAll the ____teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,because it was their own holiday.A.man B.men C.womanD.women二、不可数名词数量的表达法。
用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”这样的结构来表示,量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后面的名词只能用单数。
Mr Smith always has _________to tell us.A.some good pieces of news B.some pieces of good newsC.some good piece of newes D.some piece of good newes——Would you like to have a look at some pants?They may fit you well.一Well,I'd like to try those blue__________.A.pairs B.one C.pantD.pair―Would you like some drinks, boys?―Yes,, please.A. some orangesB. two boxes of chocolatesC. some cakesD. two bottles of orangeexciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam.A. What an, aB. What, aC. How an, theD. How, the三、名词所有格及其用法。
以-s结尾的单数名词加“’”或“’s”构成所有格;以-s或-es结尾的复数名词只加“’”;不规则复数名词在词尾加“’s”;两者或两者以上共同所有,把“’s”加在最后的名词上;表示各自拥有某件东西时,每个名词都要用所有格形式。
_________fathers are both scientists.A.Jim's and Bob B.Jim's and Bob's C.Jim and Bob's D.Jim and Bob_____room is big and bright.They like it very much.A.Tom and Sam B.Tom's find Sam C.Tom and Sam's D.Tom's and Sam's―How’s Joy’s skirt?―Her skirt is more beautiful than.A. her sister’s and KateB. her sister and KateC. her sister and Kate’sD. her sister’s and Kate’s四、表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词,也可以加“'s”来构成所有格。
如:today's newspaper.ten minutes,walk,China's industry—Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here?—No, it’s about _______.A. 7 minutes walkB. 7 minute walkC. 7 minutes’ walkD. 7 minute’s walk——Come and see me in .——With pleasure.That’s what I'm expecting.A.two or three days' B.two or three day's time C.two or three days' timeI'm going on holiday on the 12th.I have to be back at work on the 26th.So I've got two_______ holiday.A.weeks B.week's C.weeks'D.week五、名词作主语时的主谓一致。
主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式,主语为复数,则谓语动词也用复数;主语形式上是单数,但表达复数意义,那么谓语动词要用复数形式;主语形式上是复数形式但表达单数意义,则谓语动词也采用单数形式;谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。
六、语境中名词的选择。
根据语境确定名词的词义,再根据句法进一步确定词形。
Studying in a foreign country is a different _____and you can learn a lot.A.event B.exercise C.experienceD.exhibition---Would you like some_________?---No, thank you. I'm not hungry at all.A. teaB. waterC. breadD. coffeeIt's common ____that the Japanese eat Sushi.A.information B.knowledge C.direction D.instructionThe thing that ____is not whether you fan or not,but whether you try or not.A.minds B.cares C.mattersD.considers——I don't know how to use this machine.一It doesn't matter.Here is the____.A.instruction B.direction C.information D.advertisement——What do you know about____?——Line drawings that show how something works.A.pictures B.diagrams C.programmes D.paintings七、易混名词的区别。
主要是要求区别一些常见的容易混淆的名词的用法。
---Look, the tall building looks very modern.---Yes, and there is a garden on its ___________. A garden in the air!A. topB. groundC. sideD. floor一How can I tell one tree from another?一You can mostly tell them by the _________of their leaves.[07武汉市]A.shape B size C.age D color---Oh! There isn't enough _________ for us in the bus.---No hurry. Let's wait for the next.A. placeB. landC. roomD. floor0ur school held an activity called “Recommend Books to Your Teachers”.The students made a____of 1 000 books.A.note B.1ine C.menuD.1ist【语法回顾】名词是用来表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。
英语名词一般分为两类,即专有名词和普通名词。
普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词。
个体名词和集体名词一般可数,有单复数之分;物质名词和抽象名词一般不可数。
所以从可数性方面看,名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
主要是不可数名词.可数名词的单复数以及名词和其他词类(如冠词、动词、介词等)组成的固定短语,还包括具体情景中名词词义的辨析等知识的综合。
一、名词的数1.一般名词的复数形式是在词尾直接加-s构成。
如:2.以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,变成复数时在词尾加-es。
如:3.以-f和-fe结尾的词变f或fe为v,再加-es。
如:注意:roof,gulf,belief,chief,safe,proof,staff等其复数直接在词尾加-s。
handkerchief的复数为.4.以辅音字母加一y结尾之名词,先将y变成i,再加-es。