浅析《飘》中的女性意识

二、独立的人格、坚强的性格和现实的人生态度
• 女性的独立首先在于经济上的独立。南北战争的飓风横扫 过思嘉的世界,将她扫出了生活的安乐窝。“黑人都走了, 田亩荒废了,仓库烧光了,母亲死了,父亲痴了,丈夫丧命了,两 个妹妹病了。于是,自出世以来从来没有不戴帽,不披纱罩 在太阳里走过路的她,无可推卸地担起了生活的 重担,成了 一家之主”。 孤独和身心的疲惫虽时时袭击着她。她觉 得 很累,想有人替她挑起,但最终还是自己担负起所有重担, 没有逃避,没有退缩,靠自己坚强的毅力解决生平从来没有 经历的一切问题,并且都做得很成功,这表现出她顽强的拼 搏精神和非凡的生活能力。思嘉的行为方式既源于她内心 的生命力和坚强的性格,也取决于她相对独立的观念。
好莱坞影史上最值得骄傲的一部 旷世巨片，影片放映时间长达4小 时，观者如潮。其魅力贯穿整个 20世纪，因此有好莱坞“第一巨 片”之称。影片当年耗资400多万 美元，历时三年半完成（挑选演 员+拍摄），其间数换导演，银幕 上出现了60多位主要演员和9000 多名配角演员。在1939年的第12 届奥斯卡奖中一举夺得八项金像 奖，轰动美国影坛。这部耗资巨 大，场景豪华，战争场面宏大逼 真的历史巨片，以它令人称道的 艺术成就成为美国电影史上一部 经典作品，令人百看不厌。
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“面对这个完全陌生而又极其严酷的生存环境,思嘉清楚 地认识到只有理智地面对,才能保全她自己、她的家人和 她的塔拉,所以思嘉以‘举世皆蚀我独清’的姿态,以‘敢 为天下先’的大智大勇顽强地开辟着自我 生存空间”。 在这种观念的支配下,金钱对她来说显得越来越重要 了。 为了能赚取更多的钱,她公开在亚特兰大与摧毁他们家园 的北方佬做生意,也毫不在意作为丈夫的弗兰克会无地自 容。她丢开妇女足不出户的规矩,抛头露面地经营木材厂, 即使在她怀孕时也照样出入。但事实证明,她是很优秀的, 她把木材厂经营的条条有紊。

文学评论・外国文学略议小说《飘》中的女性意识王星 西南民族大学作者简介：王星(1996.2-)，男，湖北襄阳人，大学本科学历。

[中图分类号]：I106 [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139(2016)-35-120-02在著名小说《飘》中，美国作家玛格丽特以美国内战作为写作背景，刻画了诸多鲜明的女性人物，她们无一不是敢爱敢恨、无畏无惧，勇于追求自由以及自我价值的形象。

在玛格丽特的笔下，《飘》中的女主人公郝思嘉便是其中最为典型的形象。

作者借助于对郝思嘉成长历程的刻画，反映出女主人公女性意识的萌芽和崛起，也在小说中肯定了其对于社会发展所做出的伟大贡献。

《飘》中所蕴含的女性意识以及优秀的精神品质也让这部小说具备了极大的魅力，吸引着东西方无数的读者。

小说《飘》可以说是玛格丽特的经典作品，她在回顾美国南北战争的过程中，在小说里潜移默化的透露出对女性地位的关注以及女性意识觉醒的赞扬。

作者所刻画的郝思嘉人物形象十分丰满，她不仅具备觉醒的女性意识，从不依靠男人的力量，属于一个勇敢、自信、无惧无畏的新时代的女性。

女主人公郝思嘉转变了当时人们对于传统女性的看法，她不希望受到传统观念的制约，有着自由的意志。

因为战争的缘由，女主人公经历了往复三次的婚姻，随着南北战争的推进，郝思嘉的性格也逐渐产生了改变，女性意识也日益成熟，开始从一位南方贵族慢慢转化为追求金钱与自由的女商人，从战争开始前的日复一日享乐到战争后的成熟，女主人公性格形象的改变，也反映出了玛格丽特自身所想表达出的那种女性意识的觉醒。

一、郝思嘉女性意识在战争前后的发展（一）战前小说开始时，玛格丽特为我们描绘了一副宁静的画面，广阔的土地，工作的奴隶以及优雅高贵的南方淑女，在当时的社会条件下，美国南方依旧是奴隶制度，表面上看起来优雅繁荣，但是从根本上来说传统思想十分严重，这里的女性依旧被家庭女社会所束缚，她们并没有经济收入，也缺乏自主权，生活上必须要屈服于男性。

《飘》中的女性主义分析作者：孙天怡来源：《青年文学家》2019年第03期摘要：《飘》通过斯嘉丽在爱情、事业、生活上的经历和转变来阐明女性主义的立场，唤醒人们对于女性主义的思考。

斯嘉丽有着鲜明的固执叛逆的性格，造成她这种性格的主要原因是外部环境、家庭影响以及内心的冲突等方面。

本文对其中女主人公的性格矛盾，在爱情和婚姻上追求独立和自由的诉求，以及对于家庭我行我素的态度进行全面深入的分析。

总之，通过对女性主义浪潮的解读，分析其对作者的影响，并以此来解读这部作品中的女性主义思想，分析女性对男权统治的突破。

关键词：女性主义浪潮；矛盾性格；女性主义；女性意识[中图分类号]：I106 [文献标识码]：A[文章编号]：1002-2139（2019）-03--02米切尔耗费了接近十年的时间，才在1936年出版了《飘》。

米切尔在这本书中给予寄托了自己非常大的希望，在20世纪30年代到四十年代中的妇女解放以及觉醒运动受到了这本书的极大影响，肯定了小说对妇女解放的重要意义，引导着许多国家的人民和女性的女性主义意识的觉醒，对世界妇女的解放有着重要的积极影响，加速了女性主义在世界上的发展，在书中表达了主人公渴望独立与自由，并且也在一定程度上暗示了妇女意识的觉醒。

一、女性主义对玛格丽特·米切尔创作的影响女性主义它可以说是一种文学的批判理论或者有关于哲学的社会思潮，在文学中的主要表现是女性追求女性意识，并且用女性的观点来解读文学作品，研究女性的特有的书写的方式。

由于米切尔良好的教育以及自身的婚姻，加之当时美国的女性主义运动，在这种内外环境下以及正处于世界大变动中而形成的女性主义思想，由此才创造了斯嘉丽这一位女性主义中的代表人物。

二、分析《飘》中的女性主义（一）斯嘉丽的矛盾性格可能也正因为斯嘉丽对于强者崇尚的价值观念，导致在斯嘉丽各种自私贪婪、虚荣、叛逆等性格形成的时候，也形成了在艰难困苦的情况下化悲痛为力量，能够不屈不挠的在艰难的生活中战斗。

毋庸 置疑 ，《飘》是一部名 作。但是长久 以来 ，不 少读 者都是将其看做是 一部通俗 的言情小说 ，大 多 数读 者 为 书 中 曲折 动人 的 故 事 情 节 所 着 迷 ，但 对 书 中所 蕴涵的思想价值 忽视不见 。其 实 ，《飘》这本书中 蕴涵着深刻的进步思 想 ，其 中不少哲理对 当今 ２１世 纪的女性仍有着极 大的启示 。玛格 丽特在书 中塑造 的斯 嘉丽形象 ，勇敢坚强 ，可 以作 为当今女性 的精神 楷 模 。
二 、斯 嘉 丽 女 性 意识 的 觉醒
《飘 》 中女主人 公斯嘉 丽 出生在一 个奴 隶制 崩 溃 、资本 主义开始萌芽 、资产阶级逐渐 兴起 的历史 转 折 时期 ，这个 时代背景赋予斯嘉丽不一样的性格 。她 一 生都在努力追 求幸福 、追 求爱情 ，也 追求 自我价值 的实现。从 故事开头我们就可 以看 出，斯 嘉丽不是 一 个安分守 己的女孩 ，她不肯被动 接受父亲为她一 手 安排 的婚 姻 ，也不肯接受男性 的挑 选 ，当她爱上卫希 里之后 ，她主动 向他表达爱情。斯嘉丽的行为已经超 越 了 当时社会对妇 女的定位 ，充分展 现出斯嘉丽 自 我 意 识 的 张 扬 。
在 １９世 纪 中期 的南 方社会 里 ，妇女一直被男 性 压制 着 ，吃饭 、睡觉 、参加 宴会 都要征求 男性的意见 。 但是斯嘉 丽是一个勇敢 的斗 士 ，她力争冲破传统 社 会套在女性身上的重重枷锁。她不再委 曲求全 ，不再 忍气 吞声 ，不再 压制 自己 ，在寻 求 自主权 利 、自身价 值 的过程中 ，体现 了女 性强大 的魄 力和勇气。 当然 ， 斯 嘉丽的勇敢 、坚强不是 出生就有 的，而是 循序渐 进 、慢 慢 发展 的 。
浅析 中斯嘉丽形象 对 ２ １世 纪 女性 的 启示
◎孙 凤 杰

《飘》读后感《飘》是美国作家玛格丽特·米切尔创作的长篇小说，以美国南北战争和战后重建为背景，讲述了女主角斯嘉丽的爱情与生活。

在阅读过程中，我被这部作品的魅力所深深吸引，其中几个感悟值得分享。

首先，《飘》以生动细腻的笔触刻画了人物形象。

斯嘉丽，这位女主人公，具有独特的人格魅力。

她美丽、聪明、独立，同时又有着不屈不挠的精神。

在面对生活的挫折和爱情的曲折时，她始终保持坚韧不拔的态度，努力追求自己的幸福。

这种勇敢和决心值得我们学习和借鉴。

其次，小说中的爱情描写令人动容。

斯嘉丽与艾希礼、瑞德等人的感情纠葛让人感慨万千。

爱情在小说中既是情感交流的纽带，也是心灵的契合。

通过斯嘉丽的爱情经历，我深刻领悟到爱情的真谛：爱情需要勇气、理解和包容，只有当我们真正懂得珍惜和付出，才能收获美好的爱情。

此外，《飘》还让我对历史有了更深入的了解。

小说以南北战争和战后重建为背景，生动地再现了那个时代的风貌。

通过阅读这部小说，我不仅了解了美国历史上的这段重要时期，也看到了人性的光辉和黑暗。

历史对于我们来说是宝贵的财富，它教会我们如何面对困境、如何成长。

最后，《飘》所传递的人生哲理也让我受益匪浅。

小说中斯嘉丽的人生充满了起伏和转折，但她始终坚持自己的信念和追求。

这种勇敢面对人生的态度，让我意识到我们应该珍惜当下、勇敢追求自己的梦想，不论遇到多少困难和挫折，都不能放弃自己的信念和目标。

总之，《飘》是一部充满智慧和启示的作品。

它让我更加深入地思考了人生、爱情和历史的问题，也让我更加珍惜现在的生活和所拥有的一切。

我相信这部小说将会成为我人生中的宝贵财富，时刻激励着我追求更加美好的未来。

108论《飘》中斯佳丽的女性意识文/邓建波摘要：《飘》是美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔的一本小说。

作者成功塑造了斯佳丽这位具有女性意识的独特人物形象：独立、勇敢、顽强等。

关键词：《飘》；斯佳丽；女性意识《飘》(Gone with the Wind)，也被译为《乱世佳人》，是美国著名女作家玛格丽特·米切尔创作的小说。

小说以塔拉庄园的奥哈拉家与十二棵橡树庄园的威尔克斯家及两家的奴隶、亲朋好友为主要背景，展开佐治亚人在美国内战全过程中的宏伟画面。

主要人物是塔拉庄园的大小姐斯佳丽·奥哈拉、瑞特·巴特勒、阿什礼·威尔克斯及其妻子梅拉妮。

阿什礼与梅拉妮代表的是古老的社会传统，而斯佳丽与瑞特敢于向古老南方传统挑战，不让社会道德规范束缚他们的个人自由。

他们知道在社会大动荡中如何生存。

斯佳丽是作者在该小说中成功塑造的一个鲜明、生动、复杂的人物形象。

本文试图从女性主义视角来解读小说主人翁斯佳丽的性格特征及其独立意识。

斯佳丽虽然骄傲、自私、虚荣、任性，但独立、坚强、勇敢。

一、女权主义的理论和背景西蒙·波娃认为：“女性主义是指独立于阶级斗争之外，专门为女性问题而奋斗的主义。

”吉尔曼将女性主义定义为：“女性主义是全世界妇女的社会觉醒。

”凯特则认为：女性主义是“反抗举世用法律或习俗强行阻扰妇女享有一切人为障碍”。

由于不同时代、地域、文化情境下产生的女性主义理论受到主流思潮的影响不同，女性主义衍生出了各种流派。

[1]20世纪60年代中后期，西方出现了日益高涨的妇女解放运动，提出男女平等和妇女解放，把性别问题视为社会政治问题，被称为“激进的女权主义”，后来逐渐形成了“文化的女权主义”。

“文化的女权主义”强调把妇女从“男性价值”的压迫下解放出来，根据“女性价值”创造一种替代性文化，旨在改变妇女形象。

大部分女权主义者认为，由于妇女解放运动，她们才开始注意她们的作品与生活的联系，注意到她们作为小说的女主人翁、女作家或者学者有限的、第二位的作用。

浅析小说《飘》中斯嘉丽的女性意识作者：张宁来源：《新生代·上半月》2018年第09期《飘》由美国现代著名女作家玛格丽特·米歇尔所著，这是她短暂的一生中唯一一部小说作品。

《飘》作为美国文学史上的一部佳作，更是享有“南方种植园传奇的百科全书”的美誉。

在该作品中，作者成功塑造了女主人公斯嘉丽这一坚强独立而且反叛的人物形象，而斯嘉丽的成长历程，也恰恰是她形成女性意识的过程。

斯嘉丽从一个懵懂少女逐渐成长为一个独立、坚强的女性，从侧面反映了女性寻求独立追求解放的过程。

本书充分体现了女性主义思想，对女性主义起到了很大的推动作用，在文学界掀起了一股女性主义思潮，受到了一致的好评与赞扬。

本文将会从三个方面具体分析斯嘉丽性格中女权意识的主要精神体现。

一、对封建礼教的蔑视美国南北战争期间，南部党派主张保留奴隶制骑士时代的腐朽思想。

而这片土地上的女人就像温室里的花朵，丧失了自我意识，和愚昧无知，一切以男人为中心，完全服从于男人，无法主宰自己的命运。

女人一旦脱离了家庭，便会被认为脱离了宗教的圣洁。

可斯嘉丽正好相反，她性格独特，想法奇异，周围总是围绕着一群追求者。

每次与他们谈话一旦脱离了自己的主体地位，便会不高兴。

她从小就有一股叛逆精神，拒绝向任何人屈服。

斯嘉丽的母亲艾伦是一个端庄优雅、贤淑沉稳的女人，艾伦希望自己的女儿能成为同自己一样的淑女，所以努力培养斯嘉丽的淑女气质，但是却无法消除斯嘉丽骨子里的叛逆。

斯嘉丽整天跟男生混在一起，喜欢男生向自己献殷勤，享受被人吹捧的感觉。

遇到爱情，她敢于向艾希礼表达自己的爱意，并想同他私奔，她不顾世俗的眼光，任何言行举止都是她内心的真实写照，是她对封建礼教的蔑视。

尽管超过了当时女性的社会地位，充分体现了她的自我意识，是她女性意识觉醒与形成的开端，并为她不平凡的一生奠定了基础。

二、对经济独立的追求经济独立是女性独立的基础。

战争期间，斯嘉丽的老家遭到北方军的洗劫，田园荒芜，民不聊生。

浅析《飘》中斯嘉丽的女性意识毕业论文(设计)题目：On the Feminine Awareness of Scarlettin Gone with the Wind系别：外语系专业班级：学号：学生姓名：指导教师：时间：2012年10月10日至2013年5月17日ContentsAbstract ....................................................................... .................................................. I Key Words .......................................................................... (I)V. Inspirations to Modern Females (20)A. Inspirations to Career (20)B. Inspirations to Family (21)Conclusion (23)Bibliography (25)Acknowledgements (27)On the Feminine Awareness of Scarlettin Gone with the WindAbstractIn the life of the American female writer Margaret Mitchell，the novel Gone with the Wind is the only work that influences the world. According to the love life, war life, marriage life and economic life of a southern planter’s daughter before andafter the American Civil War, the novel deeply shows a complex character that has multiple personalities. Ever since its publication in 1936, Gone with the Wind has received extensive attention from literary world. Literary critics, on the basis of their respective knowledge and understanding, have given different evaluations about this novel. Most of their researches concentrate on the historical background of the American Civil War,the abolitionist thought, Scarlett’s particular characters and the cultural differences between the North and the South. Meanwhile, many readers are only fascinated by its intricate and moving narration but neglecting its intrinsic ideological values. Starting from analyzing related background of Gone with the Wind, this thesis dig into the heroine Scarlett’s characteristic of feminine awareness and its cause with the comparison between other representative females, thereby to make the unique feminine awareness of Scarlett deep-rooted in the hearts of people. Finally, integrating theory with practice, this thesis will have another look at women’s social position on the basis of modern society. Key WordsGone with the Wind, Scarlett, feminine awareness浅析《飘》中斯嘉丽的女性意识IntroductionGone with the Wind, the masterpiece of American female writer Margaret Mitchell is one of the most distinguished representative works of American literature. In1937, the novel won the Pulitzer Prize and was adapted into an Academy Award-winning 1939 film with the same name for her sweeping portrayal of the crumbling of the Old South. Merely on her singular work, the author Margaret gains a world-wide reputation. With breaking the sales records and has been translated into multiple foreign languages, it has been read not only in the United States, but also remains its eternal fame throughout the world. However, quite a number of readers regard Gone with the Wind as a simple love story and just be fascinated by its complicated and moving narrationwithout paying attention to its implicit ideological values.Therefore, Gone with the Wind is not only a famous human romantic masterpiece, but also a demonstration of the great and profound changes in the historical period, and meanwhile it is the declaration of the feminine awareness.This thesis aims to take a through exploration of feminine awareness implicated in the novel. The first part is a general introduction of the Background of Margaret Mitchell and Scarlett O’Hara. Then the following part will be an overview of the meaning of feminine awareness with the next part fully probing into the feminine awareness of Scarlett in this work. The forth part keeps on digging into the heroine Scarlett’ s characteristic of feminine awareness with the comparison between other representative females. In the end, it will come back to the modern society, to discuss about the conditions that arouse modern feminine awareness and the existed problem in today’s social life.I. The Background of Margaret Mitchell and Scarlett O’Hara A. The Background of Margaret MitchellMargaret Mitchell was born in Atlanta. Her mother was a suffragist and father was a prominent lawyer and president of the Atlanta Historical Society. Mitchell grew up with listening to stories about the history of her family and some war stories. Imaging herself lived in the past; she made up a lot of small stories where she was a hero in a war. All of these became materials when she wrote Gone with the Wind many years later. At the age of fifteen, she wrote in her journal that ―If I were a boy, I would try for West Point, if I could make it, or well I'd be a prize fighter , anything for the thrills‖(Margaret Mitchell, 2008: 45). At 18 years old, she met a young handsome officer, Clift Henry, who was the Ashley in her heart. Pretty soon, they fell into love. But he lost his life in the First World War, which brought lifelong sad to Mitchell. Her mother’s death made her father lose the courage and motivation of life, as Scarlett’s father got mad after his wife died.Like Scarlet, Mitchell was born a rebel girl. She got married with a bad-temperedand cold bully. Not surprisingly, this marriage came to an end shortly afterwards. Even though she cheered up again, she often felt the shadow of failed marriage for the rest of her life. In 1944, she got married again. Her husband Marsh was a reporter, who had loved and supported Mitchell for many years. Without Marsh’s encouragement, Mitchell couldn’t finish Gone with the Wind. She spent nearly 10 years on writing the novel. It took her half of a year to check the time and place of historical events in her novel.However, because of the publication of Gone with the Wind, her life became a tragedy. Overnight success changed her life thoroughly. In one of her letters, she said: ―I never imagined a writer’s life would be like this. If I had known before, I would never try to becoming a writer.‖ Only in the first week, hundreds of readers sent hercopies and requested her to sign on the copies and send the copies back to them. She was a woman who loved quiet and simple life, but copyright issues made her involved in a series of legal affairs. So, it is not hard to understand why from finishing Gone with the Wind to dying in 1949 she had never published any work.B. The Background of Scarlett O’HaraScarlett O'Hara is not beautiful in a conventional sense, as indicated by Margaret Mitchell's opening line, but a charming Southern Belle who grows up on the Clayton County, Georgia plantation Tara in the years before the American Civil War. Selfish, shrewd and rebellious, Scarlett inherits the strong will of her Irish father Gerald O'Hara, but also desires to please her well-bred, gentle French American mother Ellen O'Hara, from a good and well respected Savannah, Georgia family.1. The Family Background of ScarlettIn Gone with the Wind, Tara was founded by Irish immigrant Gerald O'Hara after he won 640 acres of land during an all-night poker game. The house is not pretty but large, warm with whitewashed brick and timber. Scarlett is the oldest of three daughters. Her two younger sisters are lazy and whiny Suellen and gentle and kindCaroline. Her mother also gave birth to three younger sons, who were all named Gerald Jr. and died as infants.Sc arlett’s father and mother had a great influence on her characters’ information. Scarlett’s father, Gerald O’Hara, a little, hard-headed and blustering Irish man, is not well educated but like a friend of Scarlett, they talk with each other freely. In order to avoid making her mother worried and angry about what bad things they have done, they prefer to keep secrets for each other rather than tell her mother. Since her father taught her that the black slaves were most honest and industrious, Scarlett was concerned a lot about them. Gerald O’Hara believes that a man who wants to be rich should be strong and unafraid of work. This character seemed to fit for Scarlett and showed up when she saved Melanie, Tara, her family members out of the dangerous situation. It is obviously that her characters were deeply affected by her father. Meanwhile, Scarlett is well disciplined by her mother, who was a well-bred, gentle woman. Scarlett regards her mother as ―something holy and apart from all the rest of humankind‖ and ―the embodiment of justice, truth, loving tenderness and profound wisdom—a great lady.‖ Young Scarlett, or Scarlett before the war, wants very much to emulate her mother Ellen, but in order to avoid missing joys of life, she will follow her mother only on condition that ―some day when she was married to Ashley and old, some day when she had time for it‖(Mitchell, 2008:62). Nevertheless, Ellen does influence Scarlett much.2. The Society at Her TimeThe novel Gone with the wind was written by Margaret Mitchell on the background of The American Civil War. The American Civil War (1861–1865) was a civil war in the United States of America. ―The causes of this war were that the north and the south have different views upon whether the slave policy should be abolished or not‖(Stampp, 1980:102). However, the city of Atlanta, Georgia, which the novel Gone with the wind had happened there, was also involved in the American civil war. It was an important rail and commercial center during the American Civil War. ―The fall ofAtlanta was a critical point in the Civil War, giving the North more confidence, and along with the victories at Mobile Bay and Winchester leading to the re-election of President Abraham Lincoln and the eventual surrender of the Confederacy. After the war was over，the US had been through the reconstruction era. Reconstruction activities started immediately.‖ (Thompson, 2001:99).II. Feminine AwarenessA. Definition of the Feminine AwarenessFeminine awareness is a cross-cultural concept. Female awareness and female subject awareness, the concept originated from the social gender awareness, refers to the female perspective and cognitive gender awareness. The so-called gender awareness refers to the conscious awareness of gender relations, studying the political economy culture and environment from the gender perspective, doing the gender analysis and planning, and the subject awareness of gender category is introduced, its theory basis is the emphasis on human subjectivity (张敏,2010:23) .Therefore, the female awareness is that females, as the subjects in the objective world, be aware of their own position, role and value. Specifically, female awareness is women's unique kind of the women's awareness, is to fulfill their historical mission, social responsibility, obligation, and aware of their own characteristics, to find a unique way to participate in the social life of the reformation from psychological structure, population structure and cultural structure three respects, and certainly achieve their own needs and values.It includes status awareness, value awareness, right awareness, and independent awareness, sense of participation, enterprising awareness and self awareness.B. Features of the Feminine AwarenessIn A Room of One’s Own, Virginia Woolf discusses feminine awareness from the literary sense. She explains why there are so few women writers and why it is difficult for woman to write. There are three important points in this essay as follows. Firstly, women’s previous lack of success as writers proceeds not from any absence of talent,but from social disadvantages. Secondly, she suggests two crucial remedies: financial independence and personal space in order for women to achieve their full potential aswriters. And thirdly, Virginia Woolf argu es that female writers shouldn’t think of their gender when doing some writing.Thus it can be seen, t he feminine awareness contains two features. One is that females know themselves, have a well understand of self nature and some ideas of what life means for them. Besides, ―women need to fulfill their personal and national destinies, but they also need to fulfill the spiritual destiny of humanity‖(Madsen, 2006:79). The other is thinking highly of females’ position and grasping the female life characteristics. Its core is to emphasize females’independent existence, as the famous director Huang Shuqin says, ―Female awareness must be female self, self awareness, self development, the protagonist should be active or is a kind of active behavior‖. III. Feminine Awareness of ScarlettIn Gone with the Wind, Margaret Mitchell has described a series of strong and courageous female images that are always making every effort to pursue their true love and free marriage. What they have done is just for women’s self-awareness and self-realization and for economical equality and personal independence. They are not the ignorant vulnerable group at all, though the southern women are under suppression in the author’s description. Propping up the civilization of the South with their great love and tenacity as well as its plantation economy, they confirm the truth that women completely with the ability to be self-reliant and as great and tough as men. They have a kind of power——―soft power‖. Women reflect soft but powerful spirit with the value. They are like bamboo, can bend, but can never be broken. Therefore, when the southern society is falling, the female awareness becomes firm spiritual force, leading people to advance forward bravely. ―The only reason we lasted as long as we did was because of the ladies behind us who wouldn’t give up‖(Mitchell, 2008:189).A. Analysis of Scarlett’s Feminine AwarenessIn Gone with the Wind, Margaret Michel described the heroine Scarlett as a very clear cut image. Scarlett is so brave that she dares to pursue economic and personal independence and fight against traditional conventions and emphasis on self-awareness. Coming on the stage from sixteen to twenty-eight as an apple of her parents’ eyes, she has married three husbands, twice been a widow, had three children and also did her best to revive the whole family. In order to create this unique female image, the writer puts the heroine under the broad social background of the American Civil War and the background of post-war reconstruction, shows her characteristic in many aspects, life in love, war and family life with a reflection of winding and changing mind journey to brings a female’s rich inner world to readers and presentsimage that is brave enough to face her life and persistent in pursuing self value.1. Fight against Traditional Conventions In patriarchal society, God stands for men. It has been shown in Holy Bible. ―But I want you to understand that Christ is the head of every man, and the man is the head of a woman, and God is the head of Christ‖(Bible, 2008:67). For this reason, women’s rebelling against ―God‖who stands for men or the authority of men is a manifestation of their female awareness. For Scarlett, the heroine in the novel is such a woman who is never afraid of ―God‖ or men.In Disorderly Conduct: Visions of Gender in Victorian America, Carroll Rosenberg have said,―the American society of the 19th century has provided women with only one acceptable role——being a good wife and loving mother‖(Rosenberg, 1975:33). At that time, this role needs women to sacrifice themselves and give their heart and soul to meet men. In pre-war times, as is known to all, women of the south were educated to be ignorant, incapable, and weak, to win the men's compassion and love from an early age. In addition to this, they could not be in charge of her own life and never say what they thought. Such women in the patriarchal society were representativesof moral codes and manners. Under the patriarchal education, women were submissive and they were required to submit themselves to the female ethical criteria and show unquestioning submission to the males in their families, just as Simone de Beauvoir has said in The Second Sex―One is not born a woman, but becomes one‖ (Beauvoir, 1949:188).All these rules are of no use to Scarlett, although she practices it when it will be beneficial for her. However, she has a practical way of looking at southern customs, so it doesn't influence her a great deal when other ladies gossip about her for not acting like a lady. Scarlett is not a traditional woman though she lives in such a culture. Unwilling to surrender under the male world, Scarlett dares to challenge authority of men and fully express her own thoughts. ―Some day I’m going to do and say everything I want to do and say, and if people don’t like it I don’t care‖(Mitchell,2008:100). As long as she wants to achieve her goals, she will attain the end by hook or crook and never be afraid of the public angry which was led by her unacceptable behaviors. This is Scarlett, a woman beyond secular world, having the courage of showing her nature and risked the danger of violating traditional conventions.On the surface Scarlett behaves like a good-mannered lady. ―But for all the modesty of her spreading skirts, the demureness of hair netted smoothly into a chignon and the quietness of small white hands folded in her lap, her true self was poorly concealed.‖ (Beye, 1975: 43).2. Persistency in LoveIn the patriarchal society, men were positioned to play an initiative role and women played a passive role in the traditional marriage. Yet Scarlett initiatively pursued her own marriage which is actually a fight against the male-dominated society. Refusing to passively accept the male selection, Scarlett did not accept her father’s decision of her marriage but initiatively declare her love to Ashley. She fell inlove with As hley since ―that day two years ago when Ashley, newly home from his three years’ Grand Tour in Europe, hand called to pay his respects, she had loved him‖(Genovese 35). While she failed to get the heart of Ashley, Scarlett had some marriages because of some reasons. Though these marriages were her compromise to life, they are also her active and hard choice.The love of Scarlett is actually a self-centered love. Scarlett has loved a person for many years, which is Ashley. For Scarlett, Ashley is always a rejecter. She couldn’t help herself loving Ashley since a man came up to her with dreamy and honorable qualities. In order to get Ashley's heart, Scarlett ingratiated herself with him and tried all her skills to make him notice her. In addition to this, she bravely confesses her love for him.Scarlett: Well...Ashley, I love you.Ashley: Scarlett...Scarlett: I love you, I do.…Scarlett: Don't tease me now! Have I your heart, my darling? I love you. I love you...(Mitchell, 2008:210) Love is blind, In order to revenge him, Scarlett regarded her marriage as play games and would rather give up her most profits just to keep him. For Ashley, He thought he loves her for she i s ―so fine and strong and good, so beautiful, not just her sweet face, but all of her, her body and her mind and her soul‖ (Margaret, 2008:270). However, this love is not real love. In the heart of Ashley, Scarlett is just a longing with fresh and exciting smells. In a word, Ashley only has a thing for Scarlett. As the novel progresses, Scarle tt’s idealization for Ashley was gone with the wind. After the war, because Ashley is depressed and unable to get up from a fall, Scarlett makes every attempt in the material to give him support until one day, she finally found that the Ashley is just a man who is beautified and embellished by her imagination and she found out that her love is notAshley --a lifeless idols.But for Rhett, he wanted Scarlett's mind and heart more than any other things. ―She is a great woman, the greatest woman I have ever seen.‖ He loved her not just for her body that was different from Ashley but for her heart. No matter how passionately Rhett treated to her, Scarlett always didn’t mind at all. When she needed his help, she went to him, and then putted him behind her. For Scarlett, Rhett was so easy to get that she never treasured him and finally resulted in the leave of Rhett. Later, Scarlett determined to do anything to find Rhett again and she still believed that never there was man she could not conquer. As long as she wanted, she would think out a way to get him back. After all, tomorrow is another day! The relationship built between Scarlett and Rhett is closely related to her character and female consciousness. Scarlett can abandon others, but she could not tolerate that others abandoned her, because that will be a great insult to her. She never can recognize failure. She must take the destiny in her own hands. Apparently, in Scarlett’s subconscious, there are strong conquer consciousness to man.From the above, Scarlett’s persistency in love shows on two aspects. One is that she loves Ashley no matter how many troubles around her, no matter how far they are separated by distance, or even Ashley has married Melanie, she has never thought of compromise or giving up this love. Another aspect is shown on Scarlett’s love for Rhett. Even though Rhett finally leaves Scarlett, she still firmly believes that she will think of some way to get him back. In the view of Scarlett, her persistency in love is just like her strong belief for living. Nothing can prevent her from pursuing what she want, even love.3. Pursuit of IndependenceThe famous British female writer Virginia Woolf once said in A Room of One’s Own, ―If a woman wants to write novels, she must have money and also a room of her own‖ (Virginia, 1957:78). In this word, ―money‖ and ―room‖ are connotation which indicates that if a woman wants to be independent; her economic life must beindependent first of all. Only in this way can women achieve personality's independence. Furthermore, women can not please men and ingratiate themselves with others any more. In Gone with the Wind, when the American Civil War broke out, the previous warm and happy life of Scarlett had been taken away and left sufferings to her: the former black slaves had gone, the lands had been ravaged, the cotton had been burned, mother was dead; father was mad; two sisters were falling ill… Tara, the ―cozy nest‖ of Scarlett, once brought her many golden dreams, had been ruined with the wind. However, Scarlett, ―the belle of the County, the sheltered pride of Tara‖(Mitchell, 2008:289), not compromised by cruel reality and even ―to pick up her discarded stockings from the floor or to tie the laces of her slippers‖(Mitchell, 2008:289), bearing the burden of her whole family without hesitation. In order to feed the whole family, Scarlett worked day and night and ignored that her thin and white-skinned hands were becoming more and rougher. All the people including Ashley and Melanie in Tara were living dependent on Scarlett. "Without her help, Melanie and her child would be dead in the war. Without Scarlett to be an evil, Melanie could not be respected as an angel." (Sarris, 1976:75) Her independence is at the expense of being an ―evil‖. To collect money for the sky-high taxes of theplantation, Scarlett even married the fiancé of her sister and received fierce criticism from public voices.During the period of Tara’s reconstruction, Scarlett paid her whole attention to money and the rebuilding of her family, even regardless of the morality. In order to success, Scarlett went out and worked like a man and persevered to try to achieve a particular aim in spite of difficulties. She bought a wood factory and run it by herself. She did the business and competed against males with her strong and confident heart and extraordinary insight which reflects women's self-awareness. While pregnant, she still shuttle back and forth between factories and cities in spite of the family’s prevention.The success of her career helped her get out from depending on men to realize her self-value and make her personality stand up.From one instant, Scarlett transformed from a girl who only treated life as merely playing games into a mature and wise owner of a big family with constructing and managing her life until becoming a tough and power inside woman. Her sweet and beautiful look she used to appear has gone with the wind but a confident and strong expression left on her face. What make people admit that she has completely achieved self-actualization are her courage, resolution, perseverance and action. ―Scarlett’s transformation is the collapse of southern gentlewoman, is the awakening of new female’s self-consciousness, and is the confidence of her ability and the pursuit of self worth and independent personality.‖ (魏旭峥,2008:143-145)4. Courage of LifeWhen The Civil War broke out, and also, the hard life begins. Scarlett’s husband died for suffering of fever after he joined the war. Because she did not love her husband, she would not feel some sad for the death of her husband. At the same time the south army was being gradually withdraw in defeat. But these had not made Scarlett afraid, what brought her great sadness was that Ashley also decided to join the war. What’s worse, in the meantime, both Scarlett and Melanie were pregnant and they fell into a very difficult situation. Since Scarlett is much more strong and healthy than Melanie, she gave birth to the baby smoothly. On the contrary, Melanie was in a very dangerous situation. At this very moment, for she had promised Ashley to look after Melanie when he went to war, Scarlett didn’t give up Melanie and did her best to help her even she knew nothing about delivering a baby. With the help of Rhett, they decided to return to Tara. However, on the way to Tara, Rhett said he must join the war as soon as they will arrive at Tara. Scarlett could not accept this.Rhett disappeared at the end of the road, without his help, Scarlett feel lonely and scared. However, she would not give up ―I will make is, mother will help me…‖Scarlett is very courage and never bows her heads, never retreat to life. Arriving home at Tara, she found the war had taken everything she possessed away. Facing what she had lost, Scarlett even felt desperate, but she was not lost into sadness. Soonshe realized she must support the family, feed more than ten mouths and challenge against difficulties like her ancestors. The War only leaved her the red earth, that’s enough, she thought of her father’s words,―Land is the only thing in the world that amounts to anything,‖ and begins her hard work. Dropping her reserve and pride, she worked like a black slave day and night, but she never thought to give up, she has a persistent pursuit of better life. She never gives up and continues to work to make their life better. Without food, she went out to find it. In order to protect all their scarce food, she even shoots a northern soldier who has the intention of robbing and taking away their horse and money. But before the war, Scarlett was a kind girl. But now, hard life makes Scarlett learn to face the cruel fact and also gives her courage and power to live indomitably.There is a belief in the heart of Scarlett---make life better and better. Like a courageous fighter, she fights for hunger, fights for money and fights for a better life. Life is still hard, but there is hope, Scarlett, like her mother, shouldered all the responsibilities of Tara, her family.B. Factors I nfluencing Scarlett’s Feminine AwarenessThe American Civil War brings Scarlett’s life a great change, and also, some personalities which are slightly visible before is gradually obvious and sharp on her body. These personalities are major factors that influence the feminine awareness of Scarlett. In addition to this, the strong sense of responsibility and love for her land, Tara, give her strength to overcome what difficulties she has met and stimulate her feminine awareness. Therefore, personality, war and land, the three points are factors that influence Scarlett’s feminine awareness.1. PersonalityThe American Civil war is the background of Gone with the Wind. At that time, in the old south, to keep elegant and beautiful surface and to maintain the shadow of knight age, women must like delicate flower, living in the soil of this culture, attached to the man. They suffer double pressures caused by male, female, lowly social。

- 238 -校园英语 /《飘》中郝思嘉的女性主义解析安徽广播电视大学滁州分校 /顾翰翊【摘要】《飘》是美国女作家玛格丽特•米切尔创作的描写美国南北战争时期的经典作品。

本文从女性主义视角解析女主人公郝思嘉，从战前到战后郝思嘉的女性意识在不断增强。

她突破传统，追求爱情和自我价值，她的乐观、勇敢、坚强使她成为新女性代表。

【关键词】《飘》 郝思嘉 女性主义《飘》是美国女作家玛格丽特•米切尔一生中创作的唯一一部作品。

自1936年首次出版后，这部美国南北战争时期的罗曼史便打破了美国出版界的记录，成为美国小说中最畅销的作品。

1937年小说获得普利策奖，三年后根据小说而改编的电影一举轰动了电影届，成为了美国电影史上不可多得的经典之作。

作者玛格丽特于1900年出生在美国南方城市亚特兰大，是个典型的南方姑娘。

虽然她没有经历过美国南北战争，但从小经常听到许多有关这段历史的谈论，因此玛格丽特萌发了创作一部以美国南北战争为题材的小说的想法。

《飘》以19世纪60年代美国南北战争和战后重建时期为背景，以女主人公郝思嘉的爱情经历和生活境遇为主线，描述女主人公郝思嘉从无忧无虑的南方种植园主的女儿逐渐成长为一个资产阶级新女性的过程。

小说再现了美国南部种植园经济由兴盛到衰败，奴隶制经济最终转为资本主义经济这一美国历史。

出身种植园主家庭的郝思嘉年轻漂亮、争强好胜、任性贪婪、为达目的不择手段。

思嘉十六岁时遭遇情场失意，她一心爱慕着的邻居卫希礼将和善解人意的媚兰结婚。

接着战争爆发，战火蔓延至整个南方社会。

郝思嘉在残酷的战争和艰辛的生活之中，坚韧不屈地进行抗争，历经各种磨难之后成为了一位成熟女性。

l9世纪末至20世纪初，正是第一次女性主义浪潮兴起时期。

女性主义最早出现在法国，后在其他欧美国家流传开来。

女性主义(Feminism)，“是女性观察、审视任何事物的思想、主张，是一种基于反父权制政治利益的结盟，是一种在具有特殊政治目标中女性思维方式、行为方式的总和。

《飘》是美国作家玛格丽特·米切尔所著的一部经典小说，于1936年出版。

这
部小说以南北战争时期的美国为背景，以主人公斯嘉丽·奥哈拉的故事展开，描绘了爱情、战争和女性意识觉醒等重要主题。

首先，让我们来关注小说中的爱情主题。

斯嘉丽是一个坚强而独立的女性角色，她与阿希利、约翰和雷特三位男子之间有着不同的感情纠葛。

阿希利是她深爱
但无法得到的男人，他代表着斯嘉丽追求未曾拥有过的爱情；约翰则是一个可
靠却平淡的伴侣选择；而雷特则是斯嘉丽最后嫁给的男人，在相濡以沫中找到
了彼此成长与扶持。

其次，战争主题贯穿整个小说。

南北战争对于人物命运产生了巨大影响。

小说
中刻画了南方庄园文化在战火中逐渐衰落与破灭，同时也反映了战争对个人生
活的冲击。

斯嘉丽及其他人物不得不适应战争的残酷现实，付出巨大牺牲并面
对无法挽回的损失。

最后一个重要主题是女性意识觉醒。

在男性主导的社会背景下，斯嘉丽通过战
争和生活中的种种困境逐渐觉醒，并展示出无与伦比的进取精神。

她放弃了传
统女性角色的束缚，使用自身智慧和勇气来改变自己的命运。

同时，小说也揭
示了其他女性角色如梅兰妮和苏尔文特等人的成长与觉醒过程。

总结一下，《飘》中爱情、战争和女性意识觉醒是该小说中凸显的重要主题。

通过斯嘉丽等形象丰满而复杂的角色，作者成功地揭示了这些主题所承载的深
刻内涵。

《飘》在文学史上具有重要地位，并对读者们提供了关于个人抗争、
追求幸福以及超越社会期望的思考与启示。

飘中的女性意识与坚强《飘》是美国作家玛格丽特·米切尔于1936年出版的一部名著，轰动全球，并被改编成同名电影。

小说以南北战争和重建时期为背景，主要围绕着女主人公斯嘉丽·奥哈拉的生活展开。

在这个男权社会中，小说中呈现了不同类型、不同性格的女性形象，她们展现了独立自主、机智聪明、坚毅勇敢等多种品质。

本文将通过对《飘》中的几位重要女性角色进行分析，来探讨其中所折射出的女性意识与坚强。

1. 斯嘉丽·奥哈拉：欲望和坚忍斯嘉丽是小说的核心人物之一，她成长于南方贵族家庭，爱慕阿帕奇县农场主艾希利·威尔克斯，但后来却被迫嫁给他的堂弟查尔斯·汉密尔顿。

在南北战争爆发后，她经历了失去亲人和财富的苦难。

斯嘉丽的聪明才智和顽强的生存欲望使她在困境中逐渐崭露头角。

她在战争期间独自经营塔拉庄园，充分展现出了女性坚持的决心和能力。

斯嘉丽通过各种手段来维持家庭和生计，她甚至参与了禁运贸易以获取资金。

然而，斯嘉丽也展示了女性属性中的脆弱一面。

她对艾希利仍有着无法割舍的情感，在整个小说中，爱情是斯嘉丽内心最深处的诱惑与困扰。

尽管她被认为是坚强而无情的人物角色之一，但她内心深处依然渴望着爱与幸福。

2. 梅·梅伊尔思：传统价值与守约梅·梅伊尔思是斯嘉丽最好的朋友之一，义愤填膺地支持南方保守价值观，并在小说中代表了传统女性角色。

梅·梅伊尔思具备柔和、温善、纯洁等传统女性特质，并自始至终忠诚于她的丈夫查尔斯。

她是那个时代普遍认可的贤妻良母形象。

然而，在战争后期，梅·梅伊尔思也经历了很多困难与痛苦。

她在失去孩子和丈夫之后一直保持着贞节传统，为了维护家庭的荣誉和尊严而选择了自我牺牲。

她对传统价值观的坚守反映出了女性对道德准则和家庭责任的重视。

3. 蒂娜·海密尔顿：自由精神与社会觉醒蒂娜·海密尔顿是一个不拘小节、追求个人自由的人物。

她不愿意墨守成规，以实实在在的能力和才华逐渐摆脱了传统束缚，并开始独立生活。

飘在乱世，佳人有约——《飘》中女性意识分析摘要:《飘》以美国南北战争为背景，以女主人公斯嘉丽的爱情纠葛和人生遭遇为主线，生动地描述了内战前后美国南方人的生活。

此书不仅有独特的审美视角和艺术表达，更为深刻的是它有对时代的侧面反映，它描述了那个时代女性意识的崛起。

本文主要探讨《飘》中的女性意识和斯嘉丽自信、自立、自强的形象对21世纪女性的启示。

关键词:性格塑造;女性意识;执着反抗;自由平等一、性格独立勇敢追求爱情的斯嘉丽斯嘉丽原本是美国南方一个庄园主的千金，她美丽优雅又精明豪爽,父母的溺爱和家庭的富足就让斯嘉丽养成了骄傲、倔强和自我、自负的性格。

从小她就对美国南方社会的男权控制之下对女人的种种约束和规范表现出了极度的蔑视。

她自由、热情、奔放，向往美好的爱情，而她的飞扬跋扈、追求自由的个性与当时的社会格格不入，和当时上流社会的规则背道而驰。

斯嘉丽执著地追求自己的爱情，表现出了强烈的叛逆精神。

她蔑视传统，不循规蹈矩，向传统婚姻观念和社会性别角色发起了挑战。

她将婚姻自主的权利牢牢地抓在自己的手上，坚持自己对婚姻的选择与自主，冲破了家人的反对，更加无视当时的社会舆论的压力，只求能够获得自己心中的幸福。

她有三次婚姻经历，而且每次的婚姻都是自己主动做出的决定，不从俗，不流俗。

在婚后，她充分发挥自己的聪明才智，利用自己所能获得的一切资源，坚持自己的独立地位，无论是在物质生活上，还是在精神层面上。

在她与弗兰克结婚之后，她并没有像那个时代的女性一样在家相夫教子，而是做起了木材生意，开创了属于自己的事业，像个男人一样负责起全部的进出用度。

在她嫁给瑞德后，她更没有放弃自己的事业，仍在努力经营着生意。

当最爱自己的瑞德也在自己长期的忽略和伤害之中离自己远去，并丢下深深刺痛她的话：“实话告诉你吧，亲爱的，我才不在乎呢。

”她在伤心之余仍对生活充满希望，她还是选择勇敢去追回失去的爱情。

她始终相信一切磨难和挫折都会过去，相信“明天又是新的一天”，太阳依然会光芒万丈地升起，希望将会重燃。

《飘》读后感《飘》是一部经典的爱情小说，通过女主角斯嘉丽·奥哈拉的爱情与生活经历，生动地展现了美国南北战争和战后重建时期的社会风貌。

读完这本书，我深感其独特的故事情节和深刻的思想内涵。

首先，我被小说中的人物所吸引。

斯嘉丽·奥哈拉是一个美丽、坚强、独立的女性形象，她在面对生活的困境时，始终不放弃对爱情的追求和对生活的希望。

她的性格特点非常鲜明，具有强烈的个性和自我意识。

此外，小说中还有其他许多鲜活的人物形象，他们都有着各自的性格特点和成长历程。

这些人物形象的刻画让我更加深入地了解了人性的多样性和复杂性。

其次，小说中的故事情节非常精彩。

斯嘉丽·奥哈拉的命运波折和生活经历是整个故事的线索，通过她的视角，我看到了美国南北战争和战后重建时期的社会风貌。

这个时期的历史背景为故事增添了更多的复杂性和深刻性。

同时，小说中还穿插了许多其他情节和细节，如斯嘉丽与其他人物之间的感情纠葛、南方贵族的衰落等，这些情节的设置让整个故事更加紧凑、引人入胜。

此外，《飘》还让我对爱情有了更深刻的认识。

斯嘉丽·奥哈拉在面对生活的困境时，始终不放弃对爱情的追求和对生活的希望。

她的爱情经历让我深刻地认识到，爱情并不是一种完美的理想，而是一种坚韧不拔的力量。

这种力量可以让我们在面对生活中的困难和挫折时，始终保持坚强和乐观的心态。

最后，我想说，《飘》是一本值得一读再读的经典之作。

它不仅让我感受到了生活的无常和残酷，更让我认识到了人性的多样性和复杂性。

同时，这部小说也教会了我珍惜当下、勇敢面对未来的勇气和力量。

它让我深刻地认识到，生活中的每一个瞬间都值得我们去珍惜和把握，而每一个人都有可能成为自己生命中的主角。

从《飘》的主人公斯佳丽身上看玛格丽特的女性意识◎付秀萍徐圣稚（江西宜春学院外语学院江西・宜春336000）摘要在《飘》中，玛格丽特・米切尔塑造了一系列光彩照人的女性形象,来展现女性的勇敢和博爱的品质,自我意识的觉醒和对自主权力的追求。

本文论述了玛格丽特・米切尔在《飘》女主人公斯佳丽身上所体现出来的女性意识及其成因。

关键词女性意识《飘》女性主义一、序言1936年,玛格丽特・米切尔发表了长篇小说《飘》(Gone W ith the Wind),充分展现了美国南北战争时期南方动乱的社会现实，以主人公斯佳丽为主线，描写了几对南方青年的情感纠葛。

作为一名女性,玛格丽特・米切尔在回顾南北战争这一段历史时,字里行间流露出对女性命运的关切和对女性追求自主权的赞美，并寄予了自己对女性独立的厚望。

在小说《飘》中，尽管作者笔下的南方女性长时期地受到压制,但绝不是无知的弱势群体,她们以自己的博爱、智慧和坚韧撑起了南方文明和南方种植园经济,证明了她们完全有能力走出家庭,摆脱男性附属品的社会地位。

透过小说中的人物,我们可以时时看到米切尔在颠覆传统与发扬传统中的与时俱进及历史责任感；透过小说中的人物,我们可以看到美国精神的自豪感,及其所提供给世界文明的新意,正是斯佳丽身上所迸射出的这种美,这种征服饥荒与蔑视世俗的力量之美,桀骜不逊与勇往直前的生命之美。

二、玛格丽特・米切尔女性意识在斯佳丽身上的体现一般说来，作家的思想、情感及价值取向总是通过作品及其人物言行表现出来，玛格丽特的女性意识在主人公斯佳丽身上得到了完美地体现。

有人说女性自我意识觉醒的标志“总是对父权、夫权家庭的否定与背叛，努力挣脱血缘锁链，追求从‘穴居’状态走向宇宙之我”。

斯佳丽的叛逆从语言到行为，从塔拉庄园到亚特兰大，从16岁到28岁，从一位南方大家闺秀到一位新兴的资产阶级自始至终都渗透了米切尔的女性意识及女性意识的觉醒。

年仅16岁斯佳丽在藏书室向卫希理求婚不成,变得恼羞成怒时两人有一段对话:“那么你为什么不说呢?你这懦夫!你是怕跟我结婚呢!你愿意跟那傻小丫头过日子,她是百依百顺的,过几天替你养出一窝小猪来,也是百依百顺的!为什么呢?”“你不应该把媚兰说得这么不堪!”“我偏要这样讲,算我得罪你家媚兰了!不过你是谁,配来说我应该不应该！你是懦夫,你是王八蛋，你不该哄骗我,使我相信你会跟我结婚。

学教育 2018.04
鉴赏者
浅析《飘》中斯嘉丽的“双性同体”意识
张珊
内容摘要：《飘》是美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔的经典作品，描述了一个典型具有双性同体特质的女主人 公斯嘉丽。战前的骄傲、虚荣与任性、勇敢，战中的坚强、果敢和自立、拼搏，战后的理智、贪婪和冷漠、自私的性 格，展现了斯嘉丽身上同时存在的男性特质和女性特质。作者赋予斯嘉丽双性同体的特征，使其完成了从真女 性向新女性的完美蜕变。
关键词：《飘》 双性同体 男性特质 女性特质 真女性 新女性
一.性同体理论的内涵 双 性 同 体（Androgyny），又 译 作两性同体、雌雄同体。双性同体 是说任何个体都是具有男性和女 性的特征的混合体。在古希腊神 话中，宙斯也是集父母于一体的； 而在圣经中，夏娃也是用亚当的 一根肋骨造出来的。因此心理学 家认为任何人都具有双性人格。 之后荣格在“双性同体”的理论基 础 上 提 出 了 阿 尼 玛 (anima)和 阿 尼 姆斯(animus)概念— ——男性的女性 特质和女性的男性特质。他认为， 男人可以拥有女人的某些特点， 女人也可以拥有男人的某些特 点。 二.斯嘉丽双性同体性格分析 由米切尔创作的长篇巨著 《飘》描述了1861年美国南北战争 前后南方少女斯嘉丽在困境中改 变自我和家族命运，蜕变成一名 新时代的女性。所谓的双性同体 主要指相互对立的男性特质和女 性特点在一个人身上得以体现。 而斯嘉丽就是最具典型的一个双 性同体的女性代表。她的这种性 格在亲身经历战争的残酷中不断 地变化和发展，激发了她女性意 识的觉醒和追求自我的强烈愿 望，代表了资产阶级生产力下的 南方新女性。 （一）战前的骄傲、虚荣、任性 与勇敢 在十 九 世纪 美 国 社 会 中，南 方极其崇尚教养礼仪； 在家庭 教育中，父母都希望自己的孩子 将来成为彬彬有礼的绅士或温柔

《飘》与妇女觉醒飘》中女性价值观浅析一、本文概述1、简要介绍《飘》这部小说及其背景。

《飘》是美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔的代表作，首次出版于1936年。

这部小说以美国南北战争为背景，通过女主角斯嘉丽·奥哈拉的生活经历，生动地描绘了一个充满动荡与变革的时代。

在这个大背景下，斯嘉丽从一个天真烂漫的少女逐渐成长为一个坚韧不拔的女性，她的命运随着战争的爆发和家族兴衰而起伏不定。

小说所描绘的19世纪60年代美国南方社会，是一个以种植园经济为基础、深受奴隶制度影响的社会。

在这个社会中，女性的地位普遍较低，她们的生活往往受限于家庭和传统的束缚。

然而，《飘》却通过斯嘉丽这一角色的塑造，向读者展示了女性如何在困境中自我觉醒，如何在艰难的环境中展现出惊人的生存能力和智慧。

斯嘉丽的生活经历了多次变故，包括战争的磨难、家庭的破碎、爱情的失落等。

然而，正是这些经历促使她从一个依赖他人的女性逐渐成长为一个独立、坚强的女性。

她不仅在经济上努力维持家族的生计，更在精神上不断寻求自我价值的实现。

她的坚韧和勇气，不仅赢得了周围人的尊重，更成为了女性自我觉醒的典范。

因此，《飘》这部小说不仅是一部描绘战争与爱情的历史巨作，更是一部展现女性自我觉醒和成长的经典之作。

它向读者展示了在特定历史背景下，女性如何通过自我努力和不懈追求，实现自我价值的提升和心灵的觉醒。

2、阐述《飘》中的女性角色及其在小说中的地位。

在《飘》这部小说中，女性角色占据了非常重要的地位，她们不仅是故事情节的推动者，更是作者玛格丽特·米切尔展现当时美国南方社会女性价值观的重要载体。

其中，斯嘉丽·奥哈拉无疑是最为突出和引人注目的女性角色。

斯嘉丽·奥哈拉是一个充满矛盾和复杂性的女性形象。

她美丽、自信、野心勃勃，同时又固执、自私、善变。

在小说中，她经历了多次生活的变故和情感的波折，但始终坚守着自己的价值观和人生信仰。

她勇敢地面对生活的挑战，不断地追求自己的幸福和梦想，成为了一个充满魅力和力量的女性形象。

《飘》中斯嘉丽女性意识的觉醒摘要:玛格丽特·米切尔，美国作家，1937凭借《飘》获得普利策奖。

这既是她一生中唯一也是最著名的作品。

玛格丽特·米切尔出生于亚特兰大，在这儿她听说了许多有关美国南北方故事。

当她因伤在家时，她决定写一部有关这场战争的作品。

这是第一部以女性的角度描述有关美国内战的作品。

玛格丽特将视角放在了因遭受战乱而困于家中的女性。

纵观许多关于内战的作品，将重心放在了战争上。

而不是关于战争的主角人，而作为人类组成重要的一部分，女性也罕为许多作品所重视。

而这部作品，以女性的角度来观察内战。

许多批评家认为这是仅仅只是一部爱情故事。

然而，如果你带着对玛格丽特，对斯嘉丽，以及我们自己的一份思考，你会了解其背后的内涵。

本文将会从女性主义的角度分析这部作品。

第一部分是对作品的一个简单介绍，第二部分是对于女性主义的介绍，最后是关于作品中女性主义的具体分析。

关键词：内战；女性角度；女性主义The awakening of female consciousness of Scarlett's character inGone with the WindAbstractAs the first novel which describe American Civil War from women’s perspective, Margaret focuses on the suffering from the war of those women who stay at home and their difficult journey of reconstruction. Literary critics, on the basis of their respective knowledge and understanding have given different evaluation about this novel. Most of their researcher concentrates on the historical background of American Civil War, the abolitionist though, Scarlett’s particular character and the cultural discrepancy between the North and the South. Many critics question the literary value and outdated racial issue of Gone with the Wind. Some consider the novel superficial while treated it only a simple love story. However, the author thinks that the novel is most valuable if read with an understanding of three historical backgrounds, our own, Mitchell’s, and Scarlett’s. On the base of perspective of feministic, this paper wound analyzes the awakening of female self-consciousness reflected in this novel and its positive effect on the cause of women liberation. The first part of this paper is a general introduction to the work. Then the following chapter is introduction of the female consciousness, Chapter three is feminist analysis of Gone with the Wind and of Scarlet’s characteristic.Key words:Margaret; Scarlett; Civil War.AcknowledgementsFirst of all, I want to express my great gratitude to my supervisor, Mr. Ge Youjin, both for her valuable advice and critical comments during the process of writing this essay. With patience and courage , he guided me this essay and discovered defects in my theorizing. Thought I know that the thesis might still contain some errors, for which I bear the whole responsibility.My thanks also go to all the teachers in the Department of English, whose scholarship has impressed me during my college years.I am also very grateful to my friends, who have given me useful help and courage when I am writing this essay.Finally, I greatly appreciate my parents's support and endless love. My heart swells with gratitude to all the people who helped me.Contents中文摘要 (i)Abstract (ii)1. Gone with the wind1.1 The introduction of the author (3)1.2 The brief introduction of the story (5)2.The Female Consciousness ················································································2.1 The definition of the Female consciousness (5)2.2 The background of the Female consciousness (7)2.3 The development and influence of the Female consciousness (8)3.Specific analysis (8)3.1 The analysis of the characters in the novel character (8)3.2 The specific examples and analysis of the awakening of the consciousnes of the novel (9)3.3 The great significance of the female consciousness of Gone withthe Wind (9)4.Analyzing the novel's theme and its significance and enlightenment for the modern society (14)5.Conclusion (17)6.Notes Bibliography (14)introduction1.1 The introduction of the authorMargaret Mannerly Mitchell, an American author, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937 for her novel Gone with the Wind. It was the only and best book she wrote in her all life, Margaret Mitchell was born in Atlanta, where she can hear many stories about the war between the northern and southern states in American, and when she was wounded in home, she decided to write a book about the war .This work is one of the most popular books of all time.1.2 The brief Introduction of the storyThe novel Gone with the Wind was set the times of the Civil War in Atlantic. At that time, the South is a new reclaimed land where the industrial civilization has not yet penetrated it. Soon or later, the American Civil War broke out. Ashley and Charles joined the war. Unfortunately, Charles died in the war. Scarlett became a widow, but she has been in love with Ashley.2.The female consciousness2.1 The definition of the female consciousnessFeminism is the belief that women should be allowed the same rights, power and opportunities as men and be treated in the same way, or the set of activities int ended to achieve this state. Hundred years ago, women’s social statue was quite low, women was treated as appendage to men, they only had rights of living, their manner, speaking and behavior were regulated by a series of serious rules and discipline. With the education spreading among women and the awakening of female self-consciousness, they came to realize that they should defend their economic, political and other rights and pursue equal treatment like men. Then there appear feminism. Feminism is a series of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for women. Feminism is mainly focused on women's issues.2.2 The background of the female consciousnessHundred years ago, women’s social statue was quite low, women was treated as appendage to men, they only had rights of living, their manner, speaking and behavior were regulated by a series of serious rules and discipline. With the education spreading among women and the awakening of female self-consciousness, they came to realize that they should defend their economic, political and other rights and pursue equal treatment like men.2.3 The development and influence of the Female consciousnessFirst-wave feminism was a series of activities during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. In the U.K. and U.S., it focused on promoting equal contract, marriage, parenting, and property rights for women. However, by the end of the nineteenth century, activism focused mainly on gaining political power, particularly the right of women's voting, though some feminists were active in campaigning for women's sexual and economic rights at this time.Second-wave feminism is a feminist movement beginning in the early 1960s and continuing to the 20th and it coexists with third-wave feminism. Second wave feminism is largely concerned with issues of equality not only suffrage, but things like ending discrimination. Second-wave feminists treat women's cultural and political inequalities as its main purposes that to be deal with. During this period, feminist encourage women to understand aspects of their personal lives deeply by means of public promoting. The feminist activist and author Carol Hamish came up with the slogan for the first time "The Personal is Political", which became synonymous with the second wave.Third-wave feminism is start from 1900 to the present. It arose as a response toward failures of the second wave and also as a response to the movements created by the second wave. Third- wave feminism often correct the second wave’s ideas and movements that are not good for females. It accommodates contradictions; conflict and changes. The third wave has its origins in the mid-1980.3.Specific analysis3.1 The analysis of the characters in the novel character3.2 The specific examples and analysis of the awakening of the consciousnes of the novelScarlett’s mother Ellen, a typical noble and elegant female character, is a faultless woman with selfless love. Although she abides by the traditional conventions, she is also a girl with flesh and blood, thought and love. When her love is against ethical codes, she also flares resistant sparks, showing her self-consciousness. At the age of fifteen, Ellen irrevocably falls in love with her cousin Philip, a playboy. Her father firmly objects to it and manage to extrude Philip. Later Philip dies of a bar rioting. His death takes away all of Ellen’s hope. She adopts the only way a gir l can take to fight against her father’s autocracy——forcing her father to agree with her own choice of marriage with the threat of being a nun. She buries her desperation down in her heart and exhausts her life in selfless dedication to her family. However on her deathbed, what she calls out are not the names of her daughters or her husband, but her beloved Philip. Although her fight dose not make her live with her lover, it reflects women’s longing and pursuit for free love and self-directed marriage. This obviously oversteps the meaning of love and marriage themselves and extends to the pursuance of human rights and women’s independence.Scarlett O’Hara, the heroine, is an artistic character that has strong, clear-cut, and rebellious individuality. As t he apple of her parents’ eyes, she comes on the stage from the age of 16 to 28, during which she has married three husbands, been a widow twice, given birth to three babies and also has spared no efforts to revive the family business. When creating this female image, the author places her under the wild social background of American Civil War and the background of the reconstruction after the war, demonstrates her disposition and manners in multi-aspects of her life in love, war and family with a full reflection of her winding and changing psychological journey; thus brings about for the readers a female who is brave enough to face life, unwilling to be indifferent, and persistent in the pursuit of self-value.In the patriarchal society, Scarlett opposes to the gender discrimination from the bottom of her heart; she is neither reconciled to the passive position nor to the failure; besides, she keeps being herself, and always directly expresses and immediately takes action for what she wants. All of these are the epitomes of her strong sense of feminism. It can be said that she, form beginning to end, is against sexism and the fetters imposed on her by the gender attribution, and does her utmost to look for women’s rights which are equal to or even more than those of men’s with her own practices. She is the perfect embodiment of Virginia Woolf’s “androgyny” thought governed by two kinds of power at the same time: the feminine power, soft on theoutside while staunch on the inside; and the masculine power, tender inside despite a hard shell. She overthrows the images of “angels” or “lamias” in the patriarchal literature, and becomes a masculine woman——a woman with men’s wisdom, indomitable will and wild ambitions. As an image with the ideal personality of “androgyny” which is the deconstruction of gender binary opposition, Scarlett announces Margaret’s strong protest against male-centered values.French famous sociologist Julia Kristeva once said that “God” in patriarchal religion creates the world: he separates light from darkness, land from ocean, and a variety of animals and human beings from himself, putting over the original chaotic connection. Through similar separation, humans are divided into two categories: men and women. Women are departed from men, turning into wives, daughters, mothers, or being the three at the same time with the function of multiplication (Julia Kristeva, 1974). God seldom talks to women and most of religions in western cultures oppress women’s consciousness. In patriarchal society, Go d stands up for men, the evidences of which can be traced in the Holy Bible “But I want you to understand that Christ is the head of every man, and the man is the head of a woman, and God is the head of Christ” (Bible, 2008). Therefore women’s rebellion against “God” who defends male rights is an exhibition of their self-consciousness. Scarlett, the heroine, is such a woman who is afraid of neither “God” nor men.For Scarlett, religion is just a thing on the lips. When the whole family is praying, her disappointment and sadness have indeed gone with the wind, and she gains a sense of hope; however such comfort is not from God but from her mother’s peaceful face as she is praying. In Scarlett’s eyes, her mother Ellen rather than God is her real spiritual backbone and source of wisdom. Therefore when Scarlett leaves her mother, her religious convention becomes quite weak. “Scarlett’s conscience smote her at this last, for it had been months since she had been to church.”(Margaret Mitchell, 2008). In addition, the misery later brought by the war further stops Scarlett from going to the church, praying or communicating with God, for she feels that asking for God’s blessing dose little good to relieve her sufferings. She even questions God’s power and justice in her heart “For some time she had felt that God was not watching out for her, the Confederates or the South, in spite of the millions of prayers ascending to Him daily” (Margaret Mitchell, 2008). After pushing through the flames of the war and going through thick and thin, Scarlett return home Tara only to find her mother’s death and the devastated house with nobody and nothing to rely on. The death of her mother completely cuts off the contact between God and her, and becomes the symbol of her non-believing. The so-called “Omniscient and omnipotent” God cannot give her strength, nor can he be the one that can be counted on. Hence, she dose what she wants to do, says what she wants to say, and creates her own life with her own hands, regardless of the God’s wil l.From the very beginning she denies accepting the marriage proposed by her father. At the barbeque in the Twelve Oaks, she casts off lady’s style, takes the initiative to reveal her true love to Ashely and even proposes the idea of elopement. She throws off family bondage, steps out of the cave of “home” into society and no longer blindly sacrifices herself to fulfill others. Instead she courageously quests fortrue self and her value. Through her numerous anti-conventional behaviors, Scarlett demonstrates her outstanding judgments and courage. Her behavior outdoes what the patriarchal society has set for women, expressing women’s desire for self-consciousness and independent rights.3.3 The great significance of the female consciousness of Gone with the WindAs for the marriage in the traditional patriarchal society, men occupy the positive role while women are passive. However, Scarlett actively keeps searching for her own marriage and true happiness. She chooses to express her deep love to Ashely instead of accepting the marriage selected by her father. Although her later marriages are resulted from life forces, they are her own decisions. She is the rare master of her love and marriage in that era.For many years, there is only one man in her heart——Ashely. In order to win his love, she simpers, pretends to be innocent and shows her off with every means which she despises so much. For this blind love, she would rather to raise Ashely’s whole family. Furthermore, she is even willing to give up her lumber mill’s half profits just for Ashely’s stay. After Ashely’s return from the war, he has nothing except depression and inability. However Scarlett, who always disdains the weak and the coward, shows her great tolerance and understanding to him, taking every possible measure to support him materially. Lost in her love, Scarlett considers Ashely as a deity. She would give everything even her life to do what he wants. But when she stands a chance to get Ashely, she miserably finds that he is not her “Mr.Right”. “He never really existed at all, except in my imagination” (Margaret Mitchell, 2008). She realizes her real beloved is Rhett, the man who stands behind her but quietly supports and loves her. But unfortunately it is too late to realize it because Rhett, with a deeply broken heart, decides to leave her. Although Scarlett is at her wits’ end for a while, she regains her fighting spirit. She makes up her mind to get him back. She believes that she can make it as long as she has determined to do. She will not and neither can she admit failure. Her fate and her happiness are in her own hands. Therefore in Scarlett’s sub-consciousness, she has strong awareness of male conquest.4.Analyzing the novel's theme and its significance and enlightenment for the modern societyBefore the Civil war, the South is a new reclaimed land where the industrial civilization has not yet penetrated it. The residents rest on the rolling money gained by cotton planting and picking. There, within the shadow of chivalry, keeps the skin-deep grace and splendor. Women living on the red soil are delicate flowers, tightly clinging to men and decorating men’s world. They have no rights to vote. Nor can they control their belongings or children after they get married, let alone draw a will or make a treaty without their husbands’ permission. Their social status is parallel to “that of a minor or a slave” (Deborah L.Madsen, 2006). They endure dualoppression not only from men but also from themselves, lying in the subordinate social position without the privilege to manage their own lives. In this male-dominated world, men stifle women’s development from every aspect.5. ConclusionGone with the Wind, an American novel by Margaret Mitchell is one of the most popular of all time. The author of Gone with the Wind is Margaret Mitchell, an American modern woman writer. She is frequently neglected by critics. Many people neglect the value of feminist learning contained in her work. So in her novel, we can find her idea of women’s equality and independence with men.Gone with the Wind is a very successful commercial novel; however it doesn’t get enough attention from the literary critics accordingly. If we focus on the limited critiques of Gone with the Wind, we can find that the novel was discussed only as a realistic romance. Few scholars analyze the novel from the feminist perspective. Actually, Gone with the Wind turns out turns out to be a valuable target to be studied and analyzed from the feminist perspective. The value of feminist leaning contained in the novel is very obvious.The author of Gone with the Wind is a woman who was deeply influenced with Feminism. The story of Gone with the Wind is set during the American Civil War and Reconstruction period. At that time, in the South, men were the dominance of women. In order to obey the passive femininity, the Southern women needed to appear timid, helpless, and feeble. They didn’t have the fundamental political and civil rights. And their economic and educational opportunities were also very limiter. This paper has analyzed the awakening of female self-consciousness reflected in this novel by analyzing the changes Scarlett gone through before the war, during the war and after the warThere are many lively and vivid characters in Gone with the Wind, and the most important one is Scarlett O’Hara. She is an extraordinarily energetic woman. Scarlett has the courage to survive the horrors and chaos of the war years. Her transformation is closely associated with the changing Southern culture and society. What impress the reader most is her constant feminist leanings which become and more noticeable in the novel. According to the analysis done by the thesis, it is found that Gone with the Wind is a valuable work which contains feminist leanings. We should read it and study it from different perspectives.At last, as the limitation of the thesis, the paper ends here, but it is obvious that researches on Gone with the WindWorks CitedAbraham, M Francis.,and P Subhadra, ed. Women, Development and Change: The Third World Experience. U.S.A: Wyndham Hall Press,1988.Bodin, Jeanne.,and Beth Millstein, ed. We, the American Women. U.S.A: Publisher, 1977.Chatham, New Jersey. Citizen Politics in Western Democracies . U.S.A:House Publisher Inc,1988.Norton, Mary Beth. 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