Curling(冰壶)教学文稿

冰壶英文版介绍作文Title: Unleashing the Gladiators of Ice: A Glimpse into Curling's Esports Appeal。

1. Ice Tides Unleashed: The Game of Strategy。

In the realm of winter sports, curling, often referredto as "the ice dance," doesn't just slide into your heart,it captivates it. This sport, born in Canada, isn't your typical game; it's a symphony of precision and teamwork, played on a frozen canvas. Its English name, "curling," isa direct translation from the Scottish "keltic curling," hinting at its roots in the Highlands.2. The Ice Sheet's Strategic Dance。

Curling, a four-player game, is a test of strategy and timing. Players, each with their own "rock" (curling stone), strategize their throws to target the center of theopposing "house." The game's unique scoring system, whereevery hit adds points, keeps the tension high. It's notjust about skill, but also about reading the ice, a science that's as fascinating as it is challenging.3. The Athlete's Journey。

冰壶科普介绍作文英文英文：Ice curling, also known as ice hockey, is a popular winter sport that originated in Scotland in the 16th century. The sport involves two teams of four players each, who take turns sliding heavy granite stones across a sheet of ice towards a target area called the house. The team with the stone closest to the center of the house at the end of each round earns points.The stones used in ice curling are specially designed with a handle on top to allow players to grip and release them with precision. The ice surface is carefully prepared to ensure a smooth and level playing field, and players use brooms to sweep the ice in front of the stone to controlits speed and direction.Ice curling requires a combination of strategy, skill, and teamwork, and is enjoyed by people of all ages andabilities. It is often referred to as "chess on ice" due to the strategic nature of the game.中文：冰壶，又称冰球，是一项流行的冬季运动，起源于16世纪的苏格兰。

CurlingIntroductionCurling is a team sport in which stones are slid across a sheet of carefully prepared ice towards a target area. It is related to bowls, boule and shuffleboard.Two teams, each of four players, take turns sliding heavy, polished granite stones across the ice curling sheet towards the house, a circular target marked on the ice.[1] Each team has eight stones. The purpose is to accumulate the highest score for a game, points being scored for the stones resting closest to the centre of the house at the conclusion of each end, which is completed when both teams have thrown all of their stones. A game may consist of ten or eight ends.The curler can induce a curved path by causing the stone to slowly turn as it slides, and the path of the rock may be further influenced by two sweepers with brooms who accompany it as it slides down the sheet, using the brooms to alter the state of the ice in front of the stone. A great deal of strategy and teamwork goes into choosing the ideal path and placement for each situation, and the skills of the curlers determine how close to the desired result the stone will achieve.Origins and historyCurling is thought to have been invented in late medieval Scotland, with the first written reference to a contest using stones on ice coming from the records of Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, in February 1541. Two paintings (both dated 1565) by Pieter Bruegel the Elder depict Dutch peasants curling—Scotland and the Low Countries had strong trading and cultural links during this period, which is also evident in the history of golf.Evidence that curling existed in Scotland in the early 16th century includes a curling stone inscribed with the date 1511 (uncovered along with another bearing the date 1551) when an old pond was drained at Dunblane, Scotland. Kilsyth Curling Club claims to be the first club in the world, having been formally constituted in 1716; it is still in existence today.[2] Kilsyth also claims the oldest purpose-built curling pond in the world at Colzium, in the form of a low dam creating a shallow pool some 100 ×250 metres in size, though this is now very seldom in condition for curling because of warmer winters.[citation needed]The word curling first appears in print in 1620 in Perth, in the preface and the verses of a poem by Henry Adamson. The game was (and still is, in Scotland and Scottish-settled regions like southern New Zealand) also known as "the roaring game" because of the sound the stones make while traveling over the pebble(droplets of water applied to the playing surface). The verbal noun curling is formed from the Scots(and English) verb curl[3]which describes the motion of the stone.In the early history of curling, the playing stones (or rocks) were simply flat-bottomed river stones that were sometimes notched or shaped; the thrower, unlike those of today, had little control over the stone, and relied more on luck than on skill and strategy.It is recorded that in Darvel, East Ayrshire, the weavers relaxed by playing curling matches. Thestones they used were the heavy stone weights from the weavers' "warp beams", fitted with a detachable handle for the purpose. Many a wife would keep her husband's brass curling stone handle on the mantelpiece, brightly polished until the next time it was needed.[4]Outdoor curling was very popular in Scotland between the 16th and 19th centuries, as the climates provided good ice conditions every winter. Scotland is home to the international governing body for curling, the World Curling Federation, Perth, which originated as a committee of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club, the mother club of curling. Today, the game is most firmly established in Canada, having been taken there by Scottish emigrants. The Royal Montreal Curling Club, the oldest established sports club still active in North America,[5] was established in 1807. The first curling club in the United States began in 1830, and the game was introduced to Switzerland and Sweden before the end of the 19th century, also by Scots. Today, curling is played all over Europe and has spread to Japan, Australia, New Zealand, China, and Korea.[citation needed]The first world curling championship in the sport was limited to men and was known as the "Scotch Cup", held in Falkirk and Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1959. The first world title was won by the Canadian team from Regina, Saskatchewan, skipped by Ernie Richardson. (The skip is the team member who calls the shots; see below.)The first curling club in the United States was organized in 1830 only 30 miles from Detroit, at Orchard Lake, Michigan. Called the Orchard Lake Curling Club, the club used hickory block "stones". The Detroit Curling Club was started in 1840 when Michigan only had a population of 212,000 and had only been in the Union for three years. About this time, an organization called the "Thistle Club" was founded and, curling being a winter sport, was played when the ice was suitable on the Detroit River at the foot of Joseph Campau; on the bay; and at the old Recreation Park. These clubs became the Granite Club, and in 1885, the present Detroit Curling Club was organized.Olympic curlingCurling has been an official sport in the Winter Olympic Games since the 1998 Winter Olympics. In February 2006, the International Olympic Committee retroactively decided that the curling competition from the 1924 Winter Olympics(originally called Semaine des Sports d'Hiver, or International Winter Sports Week) would be considered official Olympic events and no longer be considered demonstration events. Thus, the first Olympic medals in curling, which at the time was played outside, were awarded for the 1924 Winter Games, with the gold medal won by Great Britain and Ireland, two silver medals by Sweden, and the bronze by France. A demonstration tournament was also held during the 1932 Winter Olympic Games between four teams from Canada and four teams from the United States, with Canada winning 12 games to 4.[6][7]EquipmentThe curling sheetThe playing surface or curling sheet is defined by the World Curling Federation Rules of Curling.[8]The sheet is an area of ice, carefully prepared to be as flat and level as possible, 146 to 150 feet (45 to 46 m) in length by 14.5 to 16.5 feet (4.4 to 5.0 m) in width.A target, the house, is marked at each end of the sheet. The house consists of three concentric rings formed by painting or laying coloured vinyl sheet under the ice and are usually distinguished by colour. These rings are defined by their diameters as the four-foot, eight-foot and twelve-foot rings. The rings are merely a visual aid for aiming and judging which stone is closer to the centre, they do not affect scoring but a stone must at least touch the outer ring or it does not score, (see Scoring below).Each house is centred on the intersection of the centre line, drawn lengthwise down the centre of the sheet and one of the tee lines, drawn 16 feet (4.9 m) from, and parallel to, each backboard. These lines divide the houses into quarters.The centre of each house, at the intersection of the centre line and the tee line, is known as the button.Two hog lines, are drawn 37 feet (11 m) from, and parallel to, each backboard.The hacks are fixed twelve feet behind each button; a hack gives the thrower something to push against when making the throw. On indoor rinks, there are usually two fixed hacks, rubber-lined holes, one on each side of the centre line, with the inside edge no more than 3 inches (76 mm) from the centre line and the front edge on the hack line. A single moveable hack may also be used.The ice may be natural but is usually frozen by a refrigeration plant pumping a brine solution through numerous pipes fixed lengthwise at the bottom of a shallow pan of water. Most curling clubs have an ice maker, whose main job is to care for the ice. At the major curling championships, ice maintenance is extremely important. Large events, such as the Brier or other national championships, are typically held in an arena that presents a challenge to the ice maker, who must constantly monitor and adjust the ice and air temperatures as well as air humidity levels to ensure a consistent playing surface. It is common for each sheet of ice to have multiple sensors embedded in order to monitor surface temperature, as well as probes set up in the seating area (to monitor humidity) and in the compressor room (to monitor brine supply and return temperatures).The surface of the ice is maintained at a temperature of around 23 °F (−5 °C).[9]A key part of the preparation of the playing surface is the spraying of water droplets onto the ice, which form pebble on freezing. Because the stone rolls over the pebble, any rotation of the stone causes it to curl to the inside or outside; the amount of curl can change during a game as the pebble wears.Curling stoneThe curling stone or rock is made of graniteAn old-style curling stoneThe curling stone, (also sometimes rock, North America) as defined by the World Curling Federation is a thick stone disc weighing between 38 and 44 pounds (17 and 20 kg) with a handle attached to the top.[8]The maximum allowable circumference is 36 inches (910 mm).[8]The minimum height is 4.5 inches (110 mm).[8]The handle is attached by a bolt running vertically through a hole in the centre of the stone. The handle allows the stone to be gripped and rotated upon release; on properly prepared ice, the stone's path will bend (curl) in the direction the front edge of the stone is turning, especially as the stone slows. The handles are coloured to identify the stones by team. Two popular colours in major tournaments are red and yellow.[10] The only part of the stone in contact with the ice is the running surface, a narrow, flat annulus or ring, 0.25 to 0.50 inches (6.3 to 13 mm) wide and about 5 inches (130 mm) in diameter; the sides of the stone bulge convex down to the ring and the inside of the ring is hollowed concave to clear the ice.Traditionally, high quality curling stones are made from a specific type of granite called "ailsite", found on Ailsa Craig, an island off the Ayrshire coast in Scotland. Ailsite has very low water absorption, which prevents the action of freezing and melting water from eroding the stone.[11] In the past, most curling stones were made from ailsite; however, the island is now a wildlife reserve and the quarry has closed. The rarity of ailsite has led to high prices for curling stones, as much asUS$1,500 for the best stones.[citation needed] Many curling clubs use a lower-grade stone that can cost upwards of $500.[citation needed] There are also stones that use a disc of ailsite as the running surface attached below another type of granite. Very informal neighbourhood curling clubs with limited resources may make cylindrical "curling stones" out of concrete-filled cans or bowls.[12]Kays of Scotland has been making curling stones since 1851 and has the exclusive rights to Ailsa Craig granite, granted by the Marquess of Ailsa, whose family has owned the island since 1560. The last "harvest" of Ailsa Craig granite by Kays took place in 2002. Kays have said that they harvested 1,500 tons, sufficient to fill anticipated orders through at least 2020. Kays has been the exclusive manufacturer of curling stones for all three Olympics where curling has been a medal sport.[13]In competition, an electronic handle known as the eye on the hog may be fitted to detect hog line violations, the game's most frequent cause of controversy. This electronically detects whether the thrower's hand is in contact with the handle as it passes the hog line and indicates a violation by lights at the base of the handle. The eye on the hog eliminates human error and the need for hog line officials. It is mandatory in high-level national and international competition but its cost, around US$650 each, currently puts it beyond the reach of most social curling.Curling broomThe curling broom, or brush, is used to sweep the ice surface in the path of the stone, (see "sweeping"), and is also often used as a balancing aid during delivery of the stone.In earlier days, brooms were made of corn strands and were similar to household brooms. Brushes were used primarily by elderly curlers as a substitute for corn brooms. Today, brushes have replaced traditional corn brooms at every level of curling, but are universally referred to as brooms. Curling brushes may have fabric, hog hair, or horsehair heads. Modern curling broomsticks are usually hollow tubes made of fiberglass or carbon fiber instead of a solid length of wooden dowel.These hollow tube handles are lighter and stronger than wooden handles, allowing faster sweeping and also enabling more downward force to be applied to the broom head with reduced shaft flex.ShoesCurling shoes, showing a slider soleCurling shoes are similar to ordinary athletic shoes except that they have dissimilar soles; the slider shoe is designed for the off foot (or sliding foot) and the non-sliding shoe for the hack foot:The slider shoe is designed to slide and typically has a Teflon sole. It is worn by the thrower during delivery from the hack and by sweepers or the skip to glide down the ice when sweeping or otherwise traveling down the sheet quickly. Stainless steel was once common for slider soles, and "red brick" sliders with lateral blocks of PVC on the sole are also available. When not throwing, sliding shoes can be temporarily rendered non-slippery by using a slip-on gripper. Ordinary athletic shoes may be converted to sliders by using a step-on or slip-on Teflon slider or by applying electrical or gaffer tape directly to the sole or over a piece of cardboard. This arrangement often suits casual or beginning players.The non-sliding shoe, or hack foot shoe, is worn by the thrower on the hack foot during delivery and is designed to grip. It may have a normal athletic shoe sole or a special layer of rubbery material applied to the sole of a thickness to match the sliding shoe. The toe of the hack foot shoe may also have a rubberised coating on the top surface or a flap that hangs over the toe to reduce wear on the top of the shoe as it drags on the ice behind the thrower.Other equipmentCurling pants, made to be stretchy to accommodate the curling delivery.A stopwatch to time the stones while sweeping to get a feel of the speed of the stone. Stopwatches can be attached either to clothing or the broom itself.Curling gloves and mittens, to keep the hands warm and improve grip on the broom.GameplayInternational competitive game are ten ends, so most of the national championships that send a representative to the World Championships or Olympics also play ten ends. However, there's a movement on the World Curling Tour to make the games only eight ends. Most tournaments on that tour are like the vast majority of recreation games, and are eight ends. An end consists of each player from both teams throwing two stones down the sheet with the players on each side alternating shots, for a total of sixteen stones. A game may be conceded if considered unwinnable. If the teams are tied play continues for as many ends as may be required to break the tie. The winner is the team with the highest score after all ends have been completed (see Scoring below).In international competition, each side is given 73 minutes to complete all of its throws. Each team is also allowed two 60-second timeouts per 10-end game. If extra ends are required, each team is allowed 10 minutes of playing time to complete its throws and one added 60-second timeout for each extra end.DeliveryThe process of sliding a stone down the sheet is known as the delivery.At the 2006 Winter Olympic Games a curler from Team Canada delivers a stone, while his teammates look on, ready to begin sweeping. The curler uses his broom to help keep his balance during delivery.The skip will usually determine the required weight, turn and line of the stone. These will be influenced by the tactics at this point in the game, which may involve taking-out, blocking or tapping another stone.▪The weight of the stone is its velocity, which depends on the leg drive of the delivery rather than the arm.▪The turn is the rotation of the stone, which gives it a curved trajectory.▪The line is the direction of the throw ignoring the effect of the turn.The skip may communicate the weight, turn, line and other tactics by calling or tapping a broom on the ice. In the case of a takeout, guard or a tap, the skip will indicate the stones involved.Before delivery, the running surface of the stone is wiped clean and the path across the ice swept with the broom if necessary because any dirt on the bottom of a stone or in its path can alter the trajectory and ruin the shot. This is called a pick up or pick.Players must push out of the hack to deliver their stones.The thrower throws from the hack. Another player, usually the skip, is stationed behind the button to determine the tactics, weight, turn and line and the other two may sweep in front of the stone to influence the trajectory (see Sweeping, below). When the skip throws, the third takes his role.The thrower's gripper shoe (with the non-slippery sole) is positioned against one of the hacks; for a right-handed curler the right foot is placed against the left hack and vice-versa for a left-hander. The thrower, now in the hack, lines the body up with shoulders square to the skip's broom at the far end for line.The stone is placed in front of the foot now in the hack. Rising slightly from the hack the thrower pulls the stone back to the toe (some older curlers may actually raise the stone in this backward movement) then lunges smoothly out from the hack pushing the stone ahead while the slider foot is moved in front of the gripper foot, which trails behind. The thrust from this lunge determines the weight and hence the distance the stone will travel. While not compulsory, most curlers deliver the stone while sliding out from the hack. Balance may be assisted by a broom held in the free hand with the back of the broom down so that it slides.The stone is released as the thrower's momentum wanes, or the hog line is approached, at which point the turn is imparted by a slight clockwise or anti-clockwise twist of the handle from around the two or ten o'clock position to the twelve o'clock on release. A typical rate of turn is about 2½ rotations before coming to a rest.The stone must be released before its front edge crosses the near hog line and it must clear the far hog line or else be removed from play (hogged). An exception is made if a stone fails to come to rest beyond the far hog line after rebounding from a stone in play just past the hog line. The rule concerning releasing the stone before the hog line is rarely enforced in club play, unless abuse of the rule occurs. In major tournaments it is enforced; the "eye on the hog" sensor in the stone will indicate whether the stone has been legally thrown or not. If the lights on the stone turn red, the stone will be immediately pulled from play instead of waiting for the stone to come to rest.SweepingAfter the stone is delivered its trajectory can still be influenced, if necessary, by the two sweepers under instruction from the skip. Sweeping is done for two reasons: to make the stone travel farther, and to change the amount of curl. The stones curl more as they slow down, so sweeping early in travel tends to increase distance as well as straighten the path, and sweeping after sideways motion is established can increase the sideways distance. When sweeping, pressure and speed of the brush head are key in slightly increasing the layers of moisture that builds up under the stone.[14]The front end of Team Sweden has been joined by the skip in sweeping a stone into the house at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games in VancouverAfter the stone is delivered its trajectory can still be influenced, if necessary, by the two sweepers under instruction from the skip. Sweeping is done for two reasons: to make the stone travel farther, and to change the amount of curl. The stones curl more as they slow down, so sweeping early in travel tends to increase distance as well as straighten the path, and sweeping after sideways motion is established can increase the sideways distance. When sweeping, pressure and speed of the brush head are key in slightly increasing the layers of moisture that builds up under the stone.[14]One of the interesting strategy aspects of curling is knowing when to sweep. When the ice in front of the stone is swept, a stone will usually travel both farther and straighter. In some situations, one of the two is often not desirable (for example, a stone may have too much weight, but needs sweeping to prevent curling into a guard), and the team must decide which is better: getting by the guard but traveling too far, or hitting the guard.Much of the yelling that goes on during a curling game is the skip calling the line of the shot and the sweepers calling the weight. The skip evaluates the path of the stone and calls to the sweepers to sweep as necessary to maintain the intended track. The sweepers themselves are responsible for judging the weight of the stone, ensuring the length of travel is correct and communicating the weight of the stone back to the skip. Some teams use stopwatch timing, from back line to the nearest hog line as a sweeping aid. Many teams use the Number System, which divides the playable area into 10 zones each assigned a number and used to communicate where the sweepers estimate the stone will stop.Usually, the two sweepers will be on opposite sides of the stone's path, although depending on which side people's strengths are, this may not always be the case. Speed and pressure are vital to sweeping. In gripping the broom, one hand should be one third of the way from the top (non-brush end) of the handle while the other hand should be one third of the way from the head of the broom.The angle of the broom to the ice should be so that the most force possible can be exerted on the ice. The precise amount of pressure may vary from relatively light brushing "just cleaning" (to ensure debris is not in the way) to maximum-pressure scrubbing.Sweeping can be done anywhere on the ice up to the tee line, as long as it is only for one's own team stone. Once the leading edge of the team's stone crosses the tee line, only one player may sweep it. Additionally, when the stone crosses the tee line, one player from the other team is allowed to sweep it. This is the only case that a stone may be swept by an opposing team member. In international rules, this player must be the skip; or if the skip is throwing, then the third.'Burning' a stoneOccasionally, players may accidentally touch a stone with their broom or a body part. This is often referred to as "burning" a stone. Players touching a stone in such a manner are expected to call their own infraction (see Good sportsmanship). Touching a stationary stone when no stones are in play (there is no delivery in progress) is never an infraction and is a common way to indicate where a stone that is to be taken out should be struck.The World Curling Federation Rules[15] require that if a moving stone is touched by a member of the team to which it belongs before it reaches the far hog line the offending team should declare the violation immediately and remove the stone from play. If the infraction occurs after the stone has crossed the far hog line, the skip of the opposing team may elect to: leave the stones where they stop; remove the touched stone from play and reset any stones that were moved; or place the touched stone and any stones it would have affected where he or she thinks they would have stopped.If the moving stone is touched by a member of the opposing team before it crosses the far hog line, the touched stone may only be redelivered. If the stone is touched after crossing the far hog line, the non-offending team may only place the stones where, in the skip's opinion, they would have stopped had the stone not been touched.If a stationary stone is touched in a way that would have affected the result of a moving stone, the skip of the non-offending team may choose to: leave the touched stone and any affected stones where they end up; replace the affected stones in their original positions and remove the stone whose cours e would have been altered from play; or place all affected stones where, in the skip’s opinion, they would have stopped had the infraction not occurred. If a touched stationary stone would not have affected the result of a moving stone, the touched stone is simply returned to its original position.The Canadian Curling Association Rules[16]generally follow the World Curling Federation Rules but differ in the following respects:If a moving stone is touched by the team to which it belongs before crossing the far hog line, all stones must come to rest before the offending team may declare that the violation occurred. The non-offending skip may then elect to either leave all stones where they stopped or remove the touched stone from play and return any other stones in their original positions. If the incident occurs after the stone has crossed the far hog line, the skip may move the burned stone and any stones that it would have affected to where, in the skip’s opinion, they would have ended up had the stone not been burned. It is also a violation for the delivering player to touch the stone once he has released the handle, even if the stone has not yet crossed the near hog line.If the moving stone is touched by a member of the opposing team, the non-offending team may elect to: leave the stones where they end up; place them where, in the skip's opinion, they would have ended up had the infraction not occurred; or place all stones in their prior positions and have the touched stone delivered.If a stationary stone is touched by the opposing team, the skip of the non-offending team may elect to either leave the stones where they stop or place them where, in the skip's opinion, they would have stopped had the infraction not occurred.Types of shotsMany different types of shots are used to carefully place stones for strategic or tactical reasons; they fall into three fundamental categories as follows:Guards are thrown in front of the house in the free guard zone, usually to protect the shot-rock (the stone closest to the button at the time) or to make the opposing team's shot difficult. Guard shots include the centre-guard, on the centreline and the corner-guards to the left or right sides of the centre line. See Free Guard Zone below.Draws are thrown only to reach the house. Draw shots include raise and angle-raise, come-around, and freeze shots.Takeouts are intended to remove stones from play and include the peel, hit-and-roll and double shots.For a more complete listing, look at the complete list Glossary of curling terms.Free guard zoneUntil four stones have been played (two from each side), stones in the free guard zone(those stones left in the area between the hog and tee lines, excluding the house) may not be removed by an opponent's stone. These are known as guard rocks. If the guard rocks are removed, they are replaced to where they were before the shot was thrown, and the opponent's stone is removed from play and cannot be replayed. This rule is known as the four-rock rule or the free guard zone rule (for a while in Canada, a "three-rock rule" was in place, but that rule has been replaced by the four-rock rule).Originally, the Modified Moncton Rule, was developed from a suggestion made by Russ Howard for a cashspiel (with the richest prize ever awarded at the time in a tournament) in Moncton, New Brunswick, in 1991. "Howard's Rule" (also known as the Moncton Rule), used for the tournament。

冰壶英语介绍作文Title: Introduction to Curling。

Curling, a beloved sport originating from Scotland, has gained global recognition for its unique blend of strategy, skill, and precision. At the heart of this sport lies the humble yet formidable tool known as the curling stone or, as it's commonly referred to, the "ice stone" or "curling rock."### The Curling Stone: A Symbol of Tradition and Innovation。

Crafted from dense, polished granite, the curling stone is a symbol of both tradition and innovation in the sport of curling. Each stone weighs approximately 19.1 to 19.96 kilograms (42 to 44 pounds) and features a circular handle affixed to its top surface. This handle facilitates the controlled release and manipulation of the stone by the curler, known as the "skip" or the "thrower."### Construction and Composition。

About the T utorialCurling is all about ice, shuffleboard, and bowls. It is an ice sport in which the players need to slide the stones over a sheet of ice. Their target area is segmented into four corners of the sheet. Through this tutorial, one can get an overall idea about Curling and its rules. AudienceThis tutorial is meant for anyone who wants to play Curling. It is prepared keeping in mind that the reader is unaware about the basics of the sport. It is a basic guide to help a beginner understand the art of Curling.PrerequisitesBefore proceeding with this tutorial, you are required to have a passion for Curling and an eagerness to acquire knowledge on the same.Copyright & DisclaimerCopyright 2022 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute, or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher.We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or inthistutorial,******************************************.T able of ContentsAbout the Tutorial (1)Audience (1)Prerequisites (1)Copyright & Disclaimer (1)Table of Contents (2)CURLING – OVERVIEW (3)CURLING – EQUIPMENT (5)CURLING – HOW TO PLAY? (7)CURLING − TYPES OF SHOTS (10)CURLING – SCORING (12)CURLING – RULES (13)CURLING – CHAMPIONSHIPS (14)Curling Curling is a sport that is played on an ice platform and the best thing about Curling is that it can be enjoyed by any age group. It has many names. Some call it chess set on ice , whereas some call it a hybrid of bowling , but the perfect synonym will be shuffleboard . The objective of this sport is to slide stones into the concentric circles made on an ice base. Two teams each consisting of four players compete in the sport. Each team having eight stone needs to push their stones towards the circle and should position them as close as possible. More close is the stone near to the circle area, higher will be the point. At the end of the session, the team having highest point becomes the winner.A Brief History of CurlingThe sport is believed to have originated from Scotland during the 16th century. The people of Scotland used to play with various stones on the frozen pond. The Grand Caledonian club formulated the rules for Curling during the late 1838. In 1843, the name of the club was changed to Royal Caledonian Curling Club.The peek development in the sport took place in the 20th century. In 1924, curling was introduced for the first time in the Winter Olympics in Chamonix. Later it was dropped from the Olympics and again re-introduced as a demonstration sport in lake placid in the year 1932. Finally, in 1998, it was given official Winter Olympic sport status and since then it has been played in both men and women category.In February 2002, International Olympic Committee named it as the official sport. The first award for the sport was given to the 1932 demonstration match in which, Great BritainCurling – OverviewCurling and Ireland bagged gold medals whereas Sweden and France won two silvers and one bronze medals respectively.Participating CountriesThe governing body for curling competition is The World Curling Federation (WCF). 26+ nations are taking active participation in this sport through various tournaments and championships. The list of countries includes Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, Japan, Spain, Russia and United States etc. The participant nations are often called as curlers. Canada is the country, where world’s 90% of the curling people live. Norway and France have improved their rankings considerably in men’s curling category while Russia and Japan showing their best in women’s category.The rankings of different countries are done by taking their performance of last six seasons into account. In Winter Olympic Games, the maximum points that can be awarded to the first rank holder is 480 whereas; for that of World Curling Championships, the maximum point is 240.According to the latest ratings (2013-2014 season), the top 5 countries in men’s category are:∙Canada∙Sweden∙Scotland and Great Britain∙Norway∙SwitzerlandSimilarly, the list of top five countries in women’s category is as follows: ∙Canada∙Sweden∙Switzerland∙Scotland and Great Britain∙ChinaCurlingCurling – EquipmentThose who play Curling admire it as one of the most fascinating sports invented ever. The craziness of this sport can be seen much in the ice countries. It is often played by all age groups because the best thing about this sport is that it requires no strong physique; rather it requires only good strategy. But before moving to the playing strategies involved in Curling, let us have a look upon the equipment that we are going to require while playing this sport.Curling requires three basic equipment:∙Curling sheet∙Curling broom∙Curling stonesIn addition to the above equipment, the list includes shoes, gloves, and protection equipment.Curling SheetCurling needs a flat and smooth surface to provide good friction. The surface is a rectangular sheet having dimensions 45m×5m, as decided by the World Curling Federation. Due to the elongated shape, multiple matches can be played simultaneously by laying more than one surface.A back line of 1.83m is drawn at the back of the house. It is parallel to tee line which is drawn bearing a length of 4.3-4.75 m. A line that passes exactly through the center of the sheet is known as center line. Target house is present at the intersection of this tee line and center line. Apart from the central circle, three other circles are also printed with different colors.To get points, the stones must touch the outer circle. The position of two hog lines is at a distance of 6.40m on the either side of the center. The positions of the hacks are at 12 feet behind the center. The ice is manufactured and taken care of by different manufacturers.The curling of the stone depends upon the pebble on the surface. More is the pebble on the surface, more the stone curls after hitting it on the surface. So the ice manufacturers prepare pebbles on the ice surface and re-pebble it in case of wear and tear. The formation of pebble is done by spraying water droplets on the ice surface.Curling BroomA curling broom is a kind of brush that servesthe following two purposes:∙Balancing the stones while delivering∙Sweep the path through which thestone moves.Earlier curling brooms were made up of fabric.Some were also made up of horsehair or hoghair but with the passage of time, modern curling brooms came into the market. Nowadays, the curling brooms have the structure of a hollow tube which are made up with fiber glass or carbon fiber.Curling The reason of using hollow tubes is that they are lighter than wooden brooms and they provide a good downward force to the handle of the stone but some are accusing the modern brooms giving an unfair advantage to the payers in the match.Curling StonesIt is nothing but a granite stone bearing a weight of 38-44 pounds with a maximum circumference of 36 inches. The height is maintained usually at 4.5 inches. All these standards are maintained under the guidance of world curling federation.The lower part of the ring only comes in contact with the surface and it is called as running surface. The inner part of the ring is having a shape of concave and is hollow. The purpose is to clear the ice while sailing on the surface. From the figure above we can clearly see a handle attached to it. This is bolted at the center of the stone and is used for gripping purpose.Curling ShoesCurling shoes is different in the constructionbecause of having dissimilar soles on both. Oneis known as slider shoe, whereas; other isknown as gripper shoe.As the name suggests, the slider shoe is usedto slide on the ice surface and gripper shoe isuse to hack the surface. It is generally worn bythe thrower on the foot which he is going tohack the surface.Curling shoes also have a rubber coating toprotect them from wear and tear while moving on rough ice surface.Curling Curling – How to Play?Starting the MatchTwo teams each having eight stones, play alternatively. In each trial, the team tries to push their stones nearer to the button as close as possible. At the end of successful accumulation of 16 stones near the centre area, the scoring procedure begins. The team having highest score is declared as winner. However, if it is a tie, then the two teams again compete until a winner is declared.Each match varies in between eight ends to ten ends depending upon the level of match. After the end of ten ends, the teams are given two 60 seconds time out. A 73-minute timeslot is allocated to each team to complete their throw of 8 stones. In case extra ends are required, the team may be granted additional 10 minutes with a 60 second time out.DeliveryThe process involving sliding the stones on the sheet is known as delivery. Rather than physical power, it requires tactics to successfully slide the stone towards its destination. The captain of the team is known as skip. He takes the charge of making decision about the turn, weight,and even the line of the stone.∙Weight – The velocity of the stone is known as weight. It directly depends upon the leg drive of the delivery whereas the arm has nothing to do in it.∙Turn –Turn is the term associated with the curling of the stone. The direction in which the stone is initially thrown, irrespective of its curling path, is called its line.Communications about the weight, line, and turn among the players is allowed and they do it by tapping the broom on the ice.Before delivering the stone, the bottom of the stone and the path through which it is going to travel is cleaned with the help of broom if necessary because any stones or obstacles on the path may change the desired trajectory of the stone. The intrusion of foreign objects is often termed as pick up or pick. Hence proper cleaning is necessary.The role of every person changes in a rotational basis. The position of the skip is usually behind the button. He gives the direction about choosing the weight, line and turn of the curl. The person who throws the stone will be present behind the hack. The role of remaining players will be to clean the traveling path of the stone with brooms.The thrower stumps his gripper shoe near the hack. Then with a slightest backward motion, he pushes the stones outwards moving the slider foot ahead of the gripper foot. It is a usual practice to put your right leg against the left of the hack, if you are a right handed curler and vice versa.Just before the stone crosses the hog line, the stone is released. Unless it clears the hog line completely, it will be removed from the match. To keep track on the illegal throw eye on the hog sensor is used. It can detect the illegal manipulation of the handle while throwing and indicates light accordingly. The green light indicates for legal throw whereas red light indicates illegal attempt.SweepingEven after the pushing of the stone, two players continue to sweep the path of trajectory in advance. Sweeping has the following reasons:It reduces the frictional loss between the stone and its surface.∙The process minimizes the amount of curl.∙It ensures that the trajectory path is free from any unwanted obstacles.When the stones start losing their kinetic velocity, they tend to curl more. Keeping in mind these facts, sweeping is done much early to provide an elongated and straight path. Some basic facts that one player should know regarding sweeping are:∙The player should be able to judge the necessity of sweeping well in advance.Because sometimes too much sweeping can give too much weight to the stone and it can travel to an undesirable direction.∙The sweeping player should inform about the weight of the stone to the skip at every small fraction of time. It makes the skipper able to decide the line of the stone.∙ A sweeper should stand at that side of the stone in which he is strong at giving push.∙He should have the idea about where to sweep the stone because there are some invalid lines or areas in which if your stone travels, then it will yield you no point.∙Two persons are not allowed to sweep the team’s stone beyond the tee line is not allowed by two persons. Only one person may be allowed.∙Beyond the tee line, one player from the opponent team may sweep your stone.This is where there is a chance that the stone may deviate from its destination. Burning a StoneOccasionally players touch the stones with their body or broom by accident. This is known as burning a stone. Any of the following three steps can be taken after burning a stone: ∙Positioning the disturbed stones as they finish up after the touch∙Positioning them as they were present prior to the touch∙Completely remove the touched stone from the matchIf a stone is not in a delivery position and the player touches it, then it does not go under this category; but if the touching impacts the position of the stationary stone, then it is a matter of infraction. Skippers often take the advantage of this rule and use this to indicate their teammates the next stone that they should sweep.Curling Curling − Types of ShotsCurling is not a sport of physical power, rather it is a sport that only needs good strategy and statistics. Different types of shooting strategies are followed to push the stone to its destination. Let’s have a look at them.Guard Shots∙To protect the shot rock, the players throw the guards into the free zone.∙The stone which are close to the buttons are known as shot rock.∙Teams often use this type of shots to make the opponent team difficult in playing their shots.∙The position of the center guard is at the center line.∙Corner guards position themselves to the right or left side of the center line.CurlingDraws∙The aim of this type of shot is to reach the house.∙In this process if a stone is thrown with such a weight in such a line that it positions itself just in front of an opponent’s rock then the process is called Freeze.∙In Tap back, the rock is thrown to change the angl e of play of the opponent’s ro ck without changing its position.Takeout∙The basic purpose is to remove the stones from the match.∙If a stone is given enough weight so that it reaches at the back bumper and remove the opponent’s stone, then the strategy is called hack or bumper weight.∙ A strategy where one stone removes another stone of opponent team and then spinning takes place to a new direction, it is known as hit and roll.∙ A strong shot which results in the removal of guard and rolling out of shooter as well is known as Peel.∙If the stone removes more than one stones at a time, then the strategy is named as double (for taking out two stones), triple (for taking out three stones) etc.CurlingCurling – ScoringScoring in a match depends upon the position of the stone. If a stone lies within the 12-foot zone of the house, then only it is eligible for scoring. Sometimes, scoring can also be done if the edge of the stone is only inside the region or it just barely touches that. These types of stones are often named as biter.After the end of 8/10 ends, scoring process is done. The stones of both the teams are analyzed by noting their closeness near to the button.Suppose there are two teams: Team A and Team B. After successful completion of throwing 8 stones each by both teams, each stone’s closeness of group A with respect button is analyzed as compared to B.For every successful close move, the corresponding team is awarded one point. Suppose Team A has 5 stones much nearer to button as that of Tem B, then Team A will get 5 points and will win the match.CurlingCurling – RulesApart from basics and strategies, you should also know about the rules of the sport. Otherwise your hard work may award you with penalties instead of points. So let’s know about some important rules.∙Neither the sweeper nor any other player of either team is allowed to touch the moving stone with their body or broom.∙Till the end is over, no measurements are allowed. The stones which are nearer to the button as compared to that of opposing team’s stone will fetch one point.∙The disputes regarding the shots will be settled down by the vice captains of both the teams.∙The stone will be out of the play if it passes the back line.∙Unless one stone strikes another stone, it should pass the hog line to remain in the match.∙Delivery should be done from the hog line itself by the curlers. If any body part ofa curler passes the hog line, then the stone is automatically removed from thematch.In addition to the actual rules, there are quite a few courtesies that are followed in Curling. That is the reason it is often told that curling is a Gentleman’s sport. Before the starting and after ending of each tournament, both the teams greet each other by handshake and wish each other. This called good curling. It is also a tradition that, if your team wins the match, you have to give fresh refreshment to the opponent team.Here is a list of some other important etiquette in Curling:∙Vice-captain will toss the coin at the starting of each match to decide the last stone advantage.∙Even if your opponent team makes a good shot, complement them.∙You have to take your position in the hack, as soon as your opponent strikes the stone.∙To speed up the sport, you should place your skip’s rock in front of the hack∙Till the opposing thirds have not agreed upon the score, the players are advised to stay outside of the ring.Curling Curling – ChampionshipsCanada is popular to organize many curling championships. Apart from Canada, many other countries like Europe, United States and Scotland have their own curling federations all governed under world curling federations.Here is a list of some important championships in Curling:∙World Curling Championship∙Canada Cup∙Continental Cup of Curling∙Curling at Winter Olympics∙World Junior and Senior Curling Championships∙World Mixed Double Curling Championship∙Scotties Tournaments of Hearts。

With the Winter Olympics starting in Vancouver next Friday,China's fabled sports system has got a new gold medal target fixed firmly in its sights–curling.A decade ago,almost no one in China had ever heard of curling,let alone played the sport.China has never before competed in curling at an Olympics.Yet Wang Bingyu and her team go into the women's event at Vancouver as the reigning world champions,having won the title last year in South Korea.Even after China dominated the games in Beijing in2008,the rise from nowhere of China's women curlers is one of the most dramatic examples of the way in which the country is able to forge medal-winning athletes in sports for which there is no tradition or home audience.With the Winter Olympics starting in Vancouver next Friday,China's fabled sports system has got a new gold medal target fixed firmly in its sights–curling.A decade ago,almost no one in China had ever heard of curling,let alone played the sport.China has never before competed in curling at an Olympics.Yet Wang Bingyu and her team go into the women's event at Vancouver as the reigning world champions,having won the title last year in South Korea.Even after China dominated the games in Beijing in2008,the rise from nowhere of China's women curlers is one of the most dramatic examples of the way in which the country is able to forge medal-winning athletes in sports for which there is no tradition or home audience.。

Curling, a sport that may seem as ancient as the ice its played on, has a rich history and a unique set of rules that make it both a strategic and physically demanding game. My introduction to this fascinating winter sport was nothing short of serendipitous, and it has since become a significant part of my life.It all began during a family trip to a ski resort in the mountains during the winter holidays. The resort was abuzz with various winter activities, but it was the sight of a curling match that caught my eye. The players, with their focused expressions and coordinated movements, glided across the ice, pushing polished granite stones towards a target area called the house. The precision and teamwork involved were captivating.Curling stones, made from rare, dense granite found only on the Scottish island of Ailsa Craig, are about 42 pounds 19 kilograms each. The sport requires a combination of strength, balance, and finesse. The objective is to slide the stones to the far end of the ice sheet, aiming for the concentric circles of the house. Each team has eight stones, and the game is played over ten ends, with points awarded for the team whose stones are closest to the center of the house after all sixteen stones have been played.What intrigued me the most was the sweeping. Sweepers use brooms to alter the ices temperature and texture, which affects the stones speed and curl. This strategic element adds a layer of complexity to the game, as the decision to sweep can change the trajectory of the stone significantly.I decided to give it a try, and the experience was both exhilarating andhumbling. The stone felt heavy in my hands, and the first few attempts were far from graceful. But as I practiced, I began to understand the subtleties of the delivery, the importance of the handles position, and the timing of the release.The social aspect of curling is also noteworthy. Its a sport where camaraderie and sportsmanship are highly valued. The curling community is known for its friendly atmosphere, where newcomers are welcomed and experienced players are eager to share their knowledge.Moreover, curling has a competitive side, with international tournaments such as the Winter Olympics, the World Mens Curling Championship, and the World Womens Curling Championship. These events showcase the highest level of skill and strategy in the sport, drawing spectators from around the world.One of the most memorable moments in curling history occurred during the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, when the sport was demonstrated but not yet an official event. The enthusiasm and excitement generated by the demonstration led to its inclusion as an official Olympic sport in 1998.As I delved deeper into the sport, I learned about the importance of curling in Canadian culture. Its often referred to as chess on ice due to the strategic thinking required. The sport has a strong following in Canada, with local clubs and leagues that foster a sense of community and competition.In conclusion, curling is more than just a sport its a blend of tradition, strategy, and physical prowess. It has taught me the value of patience, precision, and teamwork. Whether youre an enthusiast looking for a new challenge or a casual observer intrigued by the sports unique characteristics, curling offers an experience that is both rewarding and enjoyable.。

玩冰壶的英语作文Title: The Joy of Curling。

Curling, a sport that originated in Scotland and gained worldwide popularity, is not just about sliding stones on ice but encompasses a unique blend of strategy, precision, and teamwork. Having recently delved into the world of curling, I have come to appreciate its intricacies and the exhilarating experience it offers.One of the most captivating aspects of curling is its rich history. Dating back to the 16th century, curling has evolved from a casual pastime on frozen ponds to a highly competitive sport with international acclaim. Its inclusion in the Winter Olympics has further elevated its status, attracting participants and spectators from all corners of the globe.The essence of curling lies in its simplicity yet complexity. At first glance, it may seem like merelypushing a granite stone across the ice towards a target. However, as one delves deeper, they uncover the strategic depth involved. Each shot requires careful consideration of factors such as weight, angle, and the condition of the ice. Moreover, teamwork plays a crucial role, with teammates collaborating to plan and execute each shot with precision.On a personal level, participating in curling has been both challenging and rewarding. The initial learning curve was steep, as mastering the technique of sliding and delivering the stone accurately demanded patience and practice. However, with perseverance and guidance from experienced players, I gradually honed my skills and gained confidence on the ice.Beyond the physical aspects, curling fosters camaraderie and sportsmanship among its participants. Whether competing in a friendly match or a competitive tournament, there is a sense of mutual respect and appreciation for the game. Sharing post-game conversations and laughter with opponents further highlights the sense of community that permeates the curling world.One of the most memorable moments in my curling journey was achieving my first "perfect shot" – a stone perfectly positioned to block an opponent's path while setting up a potential scoring opportunity for my team. The sense of accomplishment and camaraderie in that moment was truly indescribable, solidifying my love for the sport.In addition to the thrill of competition, curling also provides a welcome escape from the hustle and bustle of everyday life. Gliding across the ice, surrounded by the serene beauty of a winter landscape, offers a sense of tranquility and mindfulness that is difficult to replicate elsewhere. It is a sport that allows one to immerse themselves fully in the present moment, focusing solely on the task at hand.As I continue my journey in the world of curling, I look forward to further honing my skills, competing in tournaments, and forging lasting friendships with fellow enthusiasts. With each sweep of the broom and slide of the stone, I am reminded of the timeless allure of this ancientsport and the joy it brings to all who partake in it.In conclusion, curling is much more than a mere recreational activity – it is a sport that embodies tradition, strategy, and camaraderie. Whether you're a novice or a seasoned veteran, the thrill of gliding across the ice and the satisfaction of executing the perfect shot are experiences that resonate with curlers of all levels. So, grab your broom and stone, and join me in embracing the joy of curling.。