英汉汉英视译教程上篇英译汉第三单元数词句视译
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《汉英翻译多媒体教程》第一编汉英词语翻译第二十二讲汉语数词的翻译一汉语数词的英译处理汉语数词英译的难点在于以下两个方面:一是数词带有形容词或副词的特点,表示概数或夸张;二是数词用于政治、经济和教育等方面的专有名词当中。
下面将分别予以说明。
1汉语数词在修辞中有时候只具有象征作用,表示大小、轻重、程度、远近等概念,并不表示具体确切的量。
在翻译的时候,不必拘泥于汉语的形式,要服从英语的习惯用法,不必照实译出。
1)三回五次,留得宋江,就山寨里吃了一日酒。
Being repeatedly urged to stay, Song Jiang spent the day in the lair feasting with them.2)三径就荒,松菊犹存。
Deserted though the garden-paths.The pine stands, the chrysanthemums bloom.3)他千方百计想调到商检局,最后还是没成。
He has tried a thousand and one ways to be transferred to the CommodityInspection Bureau butfailed.4)现在,我十分愿意回答诸位关心的一些问题。
Now, I feel more than happier to answer some questions that you are concerned about.5)有些国营商店的售货员态度冷若冰霜,拒人千里之外。
Shop assistants in some state-run shops are frosty in man-ner, repelling customers from a distance.6)这事十拿九稳。
It is in the bag.7)这里的交通四通八达。
Traffic lines here radiate in all directions.2当数词被用于一些政治、经济、教育等方面的专有词汇中时,在翻译的时候通常采用三种方式:对于一般性的东西就用直译;对于国外读者不太熟悉的东西有些采用直译加注,有些干脆就采用意译。
第三单元视译单位之间的衔接一、技巧讲解:类意群之间的衔接1.需要增加名词或代词做连接成分的句子An old friend came to our university to visit us last night.笔译:一位老朋友昨晚来到我们学校来探望我们。
视译:An old friend came to our university // to visit us // last night.一位老朋友来到我们学校来探望我们,这是昨晚的事情。
加入指示代词“这”例1: In this small town, almost everyone knew Mr. Smith, the onetime boss of a prestigious company called Smith & Sons.断句:In this small town,// almost everyone knew Mr. Smith,// the onetime boss of a prestigious company// called Smith & Sons.最后一个部分分开作为一个类意群,翻译时就必须加入连接成分。
在这里加入了一个指示代词“这家”并重复名词“公司”,是最后的部分与前面自然衔接。
译文1: 在这个小城里,几乎每个人都认识史密斯先生,他曾经是一家叫做史密斯父子的大公司的老板。
译文2:在这个小城里,几乎每个人都认识史密斯先生,他曾经是一家大公司的老板,这家公司叫做史密斯父子公司。
例2:The method was largely developed by physicists, chemists and biologists; it was later adopted by people working in such areas as education, psychology and sociology, where the subjects of research were often people.断句:The method was largely developed// by physicists, chemists and biologists;// it was later adopted// by people working in such areas// as education, psychology and sociology, //where the subjects of research were often people.翻译:这种方法的发明者主要是//物理学家、化学家和生物学家,//后来采用种方法的是//另外一些灵域的研究人员,//这些领域包括教育、生理学和社会学,//研究对象多是人本身。