定语从句难点突破
(2008-09-25 10:09:25)
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分类：语法专家
标签：
定语从句
学习难点突破
选用关系代词
关系副词
杂谈
定语从句学习的难点突破
所谓定语从句（THE ATTRABUTIVE CLAUSE）是指在主从复合句中修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。定语从句在英语学习中是比较复杂却又是运用的比较广泛的一种从句形式,是各级各类英语语法必考的热点之一，也是考生通常感到较难掌握的语言知识之一，而且随着阅读理解在各种考试中得占分比例的增加，定语从句的重要性
就更加突出了，因为，使阅读文章复杂化的简单途径就是借助于定语从句。所以正确理解定语从句不仅在单项选择，而且在完形填空、阅读理解、以及书面表达中都非常重要，因为定语从句的掌握好坏直接影响到考生们对于长句、难句、复杂句的理解，进而直接影响考生的得分。整理本定语从句语法专题的目的，就是帮助考生用最短的时间攻克定语从句学习难关，在考试中取得好成绩。
(一)定义
(二)关系代词的作用
(三)须用that引导的定语从句
情况1：
nothing,everything,anything,much, all,little，something等不定代词作先行词时，常用that引导从句.
例句:
Is there anything that I can do for you?
情况2:指物的先行词前被序数词修饰时。
例句:
The first thing that we should do is to help him.
情况3:指物的先行词前被形容词最高级修饰时。
例句:
This is the best foreign film that I have ever seen.
情况4:指物的先行词前被the very, the only, the same修饰时。
例句:
That’s the very tool that we are looking for.
情况5:先行词既指人又指物时。例句: They talked about the things and friends that they could remember.
情况6:主句是由Who/Which引导的特殊疑问句时。例句:
Who is the man that is standing over there?
Which is the tool that you are looking for?
(四)不可由that引导的定语从句:
情况1:在非限制性定语从句中。例句:
Mr Smith ,who lives in Chicago, is
a doctor .
情况2:关系代词在从句中作前置介词的宾语时。例句:
This is the room in which Mr Liu once lived .
情况3:由that作先行词时。例句:
The bread which is made by my
sold in food shops.
情况4:
someone.somebody,nobody,anyone,a nybody,everyone,everybody等指人的不定代词作先行词时。例句:
Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
（五）非限制性定语从句的特点：
1.不能用that引导定语从句。
2.关系代词不能省略。
3.非限制性定语从句前需有逗号（六）关系副词的用法：
关系副词代替先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当状语。1．when指代表示时间的先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当时间状语。例如：
October 1，1949 was the day when （=on which）the People’s Republic of China was founded.
语从句中与相应的介词一起充当地点状语。例如：
We will visit the house where(=in which)lu Xun was born.
1)This is the museum which we visited the day before yesterday.
2)We are going to visit the farm which his father bought in the World War Two.
3. why代替先行词在定语从句中相当于相应的介词在从句中充当原因状语.例如: Who can tell me the reason
why(=for which) tom was absent
today?
同学们务必认真分析历届高考中有关定语从句的语言考点分布及命题轨迹，结合平时自己的薄弱环节及容易产生理解误区的容进行归纳总结，特别需要注意以下起六个面的学习难点：
一）选用关系代词还是关系副词？
关系代词和关系副词的选择是定语从句的学习重点和难点。在定语从句中关系代词与关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分。如果该从句缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，须用关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等来
引导定语从句；如果从句缺少状语时，就得选用关系副词when,where,why等来引导包含定语从句的主从复合句。切记：务必根据先行词在定语从句中所从当的成分及从句的句子结构或功能来选择相应的关系代词或关系副词。试比较：1）I still remember the days which we spent in london.（注：先行词days在从句中充当spent的宾语。）
2）I still remember the days when we studied in london..(注：先行词days 在从句中充当时间状语。)
3）I still remember the days in which we studied in the same class.(注：先行词days在从句中充当前置介词in的宾
