复习专题定语从句难点、易错点
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Summary----Attributive Clauses一、用什么词引导定语从句?我们要判断到底使用关系代词还是关系副词,应先把先行词放回定语从句中如果先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,则用关系代词that(充当主语、宾语或表语)who(充当主语、宾语或表语)whom(充当宾语)which(充当主语、宾语或表语)as(充当主语、宾语或表语)whose(充当定语)如果充当状语,则用关系副词“where, when, why”二、在什么情况下一般只能用that引导定语从句?先行词同时是人和物时先行词是不定代词:all, any, anything, everything, few, little, much, none等先行词前面有:all, any, every, little, much, no,some, the only, the very, the last修饰时在以which/who为疑问词的特殊疑问句中当主句以there is/here is/ it is开头时三、在什么情况下一般只能用which引导定语从句?当先行词本身就是that时引导非限制性定语从句时直接放在介词后作定语从句宾语时四、如何区分the same…as和the same…that?“the same…as”表示同一类人或物“the same…that”指同一个人或物五、在什么情况下whose和of which不能互换?whose和of which在用来指物时可以互换但在下列情况下不能互换:1.先行词是人时,只能用whose, 不能用of which;2. of不具有所属关系含义时,只能用of which(或of whom),不能用whose。
六、在什么情况下一般用who不用that?先行词是人称代词时,一般用who不用that。
七、way后面的定语从句way后面的定语从句的引导词有in which, that或不填。
2023年中考英语语法定语从句考点归纳及易错陷阱一、概述所谓定语从句,就是指在主从复合句用作定语的从句。
定语从句通常修饰名词或代词,对它进行限制、描绘和说明。
受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词,引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。
关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。
关系词不仅引导定语从句,同时还在定语从句充当一定的句子成分:The girl who spoke is my best friend. 进话的姑娘是我最好的朋友。
此句中,who spoke是由关系代词who引导的定语从句,用以修饰先行词the girl,同时who 在定语从句中用作主语.This is the town where l was born.这就是我出生的城市。
此句中,where l was born是由关系副词where引导的定语从句,用以修饰先行词the town,同时where在定语从句中用作状语。
二、考点归纳考点1 考查关系代词的判断与用法在初中英语中,应该掌握的关系代词不多,主要有that,who.whom,whose,which,其中who和whom只用于指人,which 只用于指事物,whose和 hat既可于指人也可用于指物。
各个关系代词在定语从句中的用法是:that可用作主语或宾语,who用作主语,whom用作宾语,whose用作定语,which用作主语或宾语。
选用关系代词有两个技巧:一看先行词的意义:指人用who.whom,whose,that; 指物用which,that, whose。
二看关系词的句法功能:作主语用that which,who等; 作宾语用whom,that, which等A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种能飞行的机器。
(that指物,在从句中用作主语)The man who lives in that house is my uncle.住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。
落堕市安心阳光实验学校(直击高考)2013高考英语语法重难点系列专题09 定语从句的难点和考点定语从句是由关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose, as)和关系副词(when, where, why)引导的从句,其作用是作定语用来修饰主句的某个成分,被定语从句修饰的那个词叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
关系代词在定语从句中充当句子的主语、表语、宾语;关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。
作宾语的关系代词可以省略。
定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
定语从句和先行词用逗号隔开的叫非限定性定语从句。
限定性定语从句是告诉人们 which one , 去掉之后句子意思不完整,非限定性定语从句是告诉人们更多的信息,去掉之后句子总体意思不受影响。
定语从句的讲点和考点都是关系词。
一、基础题型:用适当的关系词填空:1. The man ____lives next to us deals in vegetables.答案:who/that “住在我们隔壁的那个人是卖蔬菜的”。
关系词在定语从句中作主语。
解析:当先行词是人的时候,关系词用who,whom(作宾语),that2.A plane is a machine _____can fly.答案:that/which “飞机是能飞的机器”。
关系词在定语从句中作主语。
解析:当先行词是物时,关系词用that,which3.This is the actor _____name is known to all.答案:whose “这是那个他名字我们都知道的演员”。
4.The room ______window faces to south is mine.答案:whose “窗户朝南的那个房间是我的”解析:在3.4.题中,当先行词和关系词后面的名词有所属关系时,关系词用whose5.Do you remember the day ____ we first met?答案:when “你记得我们第一次见面的那天吗?”。
语法复习:定语从句考点易错点归纳考点一:关系代词的用法1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:1)The girl who/that is holding a pink umbrella is Jim’s sister.2)I like the novel Gone with the Wind very much, which is popular with readers all over the world.①形式上:非限制性定语从句和主句之间用逗号隔开,不能用that引导。
②作用上:限制性定语从句与主句关系密切,对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。
非限制性定语从句与主句关系不密切,对主句起补充说明作用,去掉从句,意思仍然完整。
2.先行词+who/whom引导的定语从句:1)Most students like the teachers _________ can understand them.2)The professor ____________________they want to visit is president of the university.3)Anyone __________laughs last laughs best.4)Do you know the woman with ____________ my manager talked just now?①who在定语从句中作什么成分?②whom在定语从句中作什么成分?③who/whom什么时候可以省略?④什么时候只能用whom⑤先行词为指人的one, ones, anyone, those 时,关系代词常用who。
3.先行词+whose引导的定语从句:1)The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.2)The school shop, whose customers are mainly students , is closed for the holiday.①whose :“…的”,其后紧跟______词,在定语从句中作________。
定语从句复习1.定语从句类型(2种):2.定语从句关系词关系代词(6个)关系副词(3个)怎样判断一个从句是不是定语从句概念:定语从句又叫形容词性从句,即一个句子修饰一个名词或者代词的结构The boy who got injured in the accident was sent to hospital immediately判断以下句子是不是定语从句并选择I advise you to cancel ___is thought unnecessary.He remembered the weekends ____ he climbed mountains.We took a picture_____ there is a tower.A. WhatB. whenC. thatD. whereE. which考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1.I’ll never forget the days________________ we worked together.2.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together.3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place __________ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason ___________ he was late.6.This is the reason ____________ he gave.考点二只用that不用which①当先行词为all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时②先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时:③先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
第12讲定语从句的4个易错点以及解题的3种方法备考指导定语从句是历年高考中考查的最多的一个考点,通常是以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的形式进行考查。
解决定语从句类题目通常使用的方法有:看是否是考查固定句型中固定用法,是否可以运用分析句式结构与句子成分来判断,是否可以运用句子中的某些特定的动词来判断,是否可以通过运用还原法来做出正确的判断。
一、定语从句的4个易错点易错点1 as与which在定语从句中的区别正确判断找出先行词,看是否有“such”“the same”等词的修饰,是否翻译为“正如……”。
典例展示1A lot of language learning, ________ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.答案as解析关系代词指整个一句话A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life 。
as用在句首,which用在句末,正确答案应该是as。
典例展示2We recommend that our human beings treat the nature with t he same care ________ we give to our eyes.答案as解析先行词有the same修饰,其后定语从句则用that或as 引导。
that表示同一个物,as表示同类中的一个。
根据题意可知应用as。
易错点2 关系词在句中的作用判断失误定语从句中先行词为case, point, position, situation等词时,一定要确定它们在定语从句中所作的成分,如作状语,用关系副词where;作主/宾语时,用that或which。
英语定语从句易错点小结定语从句在英语学习中非常重要,在各种考试中,定语从句的内容也占有相当大的比例,尤其是在阅读理解题里最为常见。
如果对定语从句掌握不透,对内容的理解就会出现偏差,从而影响答题效果。
定语从句,顾名思义,在句子中充当定语,可修饰名词或代词。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,而定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由引导词引出。
请大家记住这两个概念,方便后面学习。
例:This is the book which I bought yesterday.上句中,book为先行词,which为引导词。
引导词一般为关系代词或关系副词。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
易错点1:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
这个规则一定要记住,因为也是经常出现的考点,且大家容易出现错误的地方。
例:This is the student who wants to see you.上一句中,先行词是student,是单数第三人称,而引导词who 在定语从句中作主语,这时候定语从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与student(先行词)一致,所以应该用单三形式。
例:There are some students who want to see you.上一句中,先行词是students,是复数形式,而引导词who在定语从句中作主语,这时候定语从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与students(先行词)一致,所以应该用复数形式。
易错点2:引导词that不可以置于介词后引导宾语从句。
例:This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。
上一句中,介词in后面的引导词不可以用that,只能用which.易错点3:引导词用关系代词或关系副词分不清。
高考定语从句易错点高考定语从句易错点高考定语从句易错点高考易错点:定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who (宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词 where when why 等,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词that,which,who,whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,whose在从句中作定语,而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。
如:①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together.②I will never forget the days which/that we spent together.解析:在句①中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语,所以用关系副词when来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词the days;而在句②中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语,所以用关系代词that或which来代指。
同样,表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语,则用关系副词where 或why来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语,则用which或that来代替。
如:①This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作状语)②This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作宾语)注:当先行词为time,reason, place时,引导词可以省略。
如:① This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss.② That is the reason (why) I did it.③ This is the place (where) we met yesterday.另外,定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。
定语从句知识梳理1. 定语从句的概念定语从句(也称形容词性从句),一个句子跟在一个名词或代词(先行词)后进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。
2. 定语从句的关系词易错知识点1. 混淆that 和which 的用法that 和which 都是关系代词,在句中可做主语、宾语、表语。
一般来说,当先行词是物的时候,两者都可以用,但并不是都通用。
要注意一些只能用that 或者只能用which的特殊情况。
1.1 易错例题1This is the very book ________I've looked everywhere for.A. thatB. asC. whatD. which【陷阱】误选D。
认为A/D都正确。
【分析】最佳答案A。
本句是定语从句,先行词为the very book,切忌看到物就直接选which,要注意这里book前面有the very 修饰,关系词只能用that。
【点拨】只能用that的情况有:☆当先行词为:all,little,few,much,none 及some-,any-,no-,every- 与thing 所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。
如:There is nothing that will stop us making progress.没有事情会阻止我们进步。
☆当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very等形容词修饰时,只能用that。
如:This is the only problem that we can't work out. 这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。
☆当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。
如:This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。
☆当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。