Porosity and permeability of foamed concrete

专业英文术语A【返回检索】Abram's rule阿勃拉姆规则Abrasion磨耗Accelerated strength testing快速强度试验Acid resistance耐酸性Adiabatic temperature rise绝热升温Admixture外加剂Aggregate集料（混凝土）Air entrainment引气（加气）Autoclave高压釜Accelerated curing快速养护Absorbed water吸附水Added water附加水Aggregate bulk density集料松散容重Auti-corrosion Admixture防锈剂Anisotropic materials各向异性材料Air-entrained concrete引气混凝土Air Entrain Admixture引气剂Aggregate porosity集料孔隙率Artificial marble人造大理石Alite阿利特Alkali-aggregate reaction碱－集料反应Alkalies in Portland cement波特兰水泥中的碱Alkali-silica reaction碱－二氧化硅反应Anhydrite无水石膏（硬石膏）Autoclave expansion test高压釜膨胀试验Air-entrained concrete加气混凝土Adhesion agent粘着剂Accelerating agent速凝剂All mesh ferrocement无筋钢丝网水泥Allyl-Butadiene-Styrene丙烯氰－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚树脂（ABS）Air pockets鼓泡Axial tensive property轴心受拉性能Axial compressive property轴心受压性能Air impermeability气密性Abnormal Polypropylene无规聚丙烯（APP）Asbestos fibres石棉纤维Asbestos insulation石棉绝热制品Autoclave expansion test压蒸法Artificial人造石Air entraining and water-reducing admixture 引气减水剂Active addition活性混合材Addition of cement水泥混合材Aluminoferic cement clinker铁铝酸盐水泥熟料Age龄期，时期Aluminum silicate wool硅酸铝棉Aluminum foil铝箔Air space insulation封闭空气间层Areal thermal resistance（specific thermal resistance）比热阻（热导率的倒数）Absorptivity吸收率Air permeability（Air penetration coefficient）空气渗透率BBrick 绝热砖Bond strength 粘结强度Bleeding 泌水Bitumen-determination of penetration 沥青针入度测定法Battery-mold process 成组立模工艺Bar spacing 加筋间距Binder bonding agent 粘合剂Barytes 重晶石Batchhing 称量（配料）Belite 贝利特Biaxial behavior 双轴向性质Blaine fineness 勃来恩，细度Blast-furnace slag 高炉矿渣Blast-furnace slag cements 高炉矿渣水泥Blended portland cements 掺混合料的波兰水泥Bogue equations 鲍格方程式Bond 粘结Brucite 氢氧镁石（水镁石）Bulking of sand 砂的湿胀Bull-float 刮尺Board（block）insulation 绝热板Bitumastic paint 沥青涂料Bituminous road materials 沥青筑路材料Blowing agent 发泡剂Bar between mesh 加筋Ball impact test （冲击强度）落球试验法Basic constituent 碱性组分基本成分Basicity 碱度，碱性Batch mixture 配合料Bend stress 弯曲应力Bituminous paint 沥青涂料Bituminous concrete 沥青混凝土Block brick 大型砌块Blunger 搅拌器，打浆机Brick setting 砖砌体(brickwork)Brittle point of asphalt 沥青冷脆点Broken stone 碎石Bubbing potential 发泡能力Building brick 建筑红砖Building system 建筑体系，建筑系统Brittle material 脆性材料C【返回检索】Calcium aluminate cement 铝酸钙水泥Calcium aluminates 铝酸钙Calcium chloride 氯化钙Calcium ferroaluminates 铁铅酸钙Calcium hydroxide 氢氧化钙Calcium oxide 氧化钙Calcium silicate hydrate 水化硅酸钙Calcium silicate 硅酸钙Calcium sulfates 硫酸钙Calcium sulfoaluminate 硫铅酸钙Calcium sulfoaluminate hydrates 水化硫铝酸钙Capillary voids（pores）in cement 水泥中的毛细管Capillary water 毛细管水Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cavitation 混凝土中的大孔洞，空蚀作用Cement fineness 水泥细度Cement paste 水泥浆Cement soundness 水泥安定性Cement specifications 水泥规范Cement strength 水泥强度Cement types 水泥品种Cold rolled steel 冷轧钢Cellular concrete 多孔混凝土Complex accelerator based on triethanolamine 三乙醇胺复合早强剂Component 组分，成分，构件Compliance 柔度Composite 复合，合成，复合材料Composite insulation 复合绝热层Composite portland cement 复合硅酸盐水泥Concrete 混凝土Condensed silica fume 浓缩（凝聚）的二氧化硅烟雾（硅粉）Consistency 绸度Core tests 钻芯试验Corrosion of steel in concrete 混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀Cost of concrete 混凝土成本Cracking 开裂Creep 徐变Critical aggregate size 临界集料尺寸C-S-H 水化硅酸钙Ceramsite 陶粒Chalcedony 玉髓Chemically combined water 化学结合水Chert 燧石（黑硅石）Chloride 氯化物Chloroprene Rubber 氯丁橡胶（CR）Chord modulus 弦弹性模量Clinker 熟料Coarse aggregate 粗集料Cold-weather concreting 冷天浇筑混凝土Compacting factor test 捣实系数试验Compaction（consolidation）捣实（捣固）Compressive strength 抗压强度Computer control system 计算机控制系统Concrete batching plant 混凝土搅拌站Concrete composition 混凝土配合比Concrete products 混凝土制品Concrete pump 混凝土输送泵Coefficient of permeability of concrete 混凝土渗透系数Carbonated lime sand brick 碳化灰砂砖Carbonating 碳化处理Cement resistance to chemical 水泥抗化学侵蚀性Coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数Conductivity 导热性Coefficient of shrinkage 收缩系数Coefficient of permeability of concrete 混凝土收缩系数Cement mortar 水泥胶砂Crescent ribbed bars 月牙肋钢筋Concrete block 混凝土砌块Cold-drawn reinforcement bar 冷拉钢筋Cold rolled steel 冷轧钢Condensation polymerization 缩聚反应Critical degree of saturation 临界饱和度Critical stress 临界压力Cryogenic behavior 低温性质Crystallization pressure of salts 盐的结晶压力Crystal structure and reactivity 结晶结构和活性Curing 养护Civil Engineering 土木工程Cement 水泥Crack 裂缝Calcium silicate insulation 硅酸钙绝热制Cube size 立方体试件尺寸Characteristic strength 特征强度Coarse aggregate ratio to fine 粗集料玉细集料之比Carbonated shrinkage 碳化收缩Calcium silicate insulation 硅酸钙绝热制品Cellular（foamed）glass 泡沫玻璃（多孔玻璃）Composite insulation 复合绝热层品Cement mortar 水泥砂浆Cork 软木Cork insulation 软木绝热制品Cellular（foamed）plastics 泡沫塑料（多孔塑料）Cellular（foamed）polystyrene 聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料Cellular（foamed）polyurethane 聚氨脂泡沫塑料Calcium-resin insulating board 钙塑绝热板Cellular（foamed）rubber 泡沫橡胶D【返回检索】Darby 刮尺D-cracking D行裂缝Deicing salts action 除冰盐作用Diatomaceous earth 硅藻土质泥土Dicalcium silicate（C2S）硅酸二钙Dynamic modulus of elasticity 动弹性模量Dolomite 白云石Drying shrinkage 干燥收缩（干缩）Ductility 延性Durability 耐久性Durability factor 耐久性因素Decoration glass 装饰玻璃Decoration mortar 装饰砂浆Deformed bar 变形钢筋，螺纹钢Defoamer 消泡剂Dense concrete 密实混凝土Diatomaceous silicate 硅藻土(Kieselguhr，diatomite)Diatomite insulation 硅藻土绝热制品Density 密度Deformation 变形钢筋Degree of hardness 硬度Degree of humidity 湿度E【返回检索】Early-age behavior早期性质Ecological benefit生态效应Effective absorption有效吸收Efflorescence白霜Elastic modulus弹性模量Electron micrographs电子显微图Energy requirement能量需要Entrained air引入的空气Extensibility可伸长性Emerging wire露丝Emerging mesh露网Expanded perlite膨胀珍珠岩Epoxy Resin环氧树脂Erosion 冲刷风化、剥蚀Ettringite 钙矾石Expanded clay and shale 膨胀粘土和页岩Expanded slag aggregate 膨胀矿渣集料Expansive cement concrete 膨胀水泥混凝土Expansive cement 膨胀水泥Expansive phenomena in concrete 混凝土中的膨胀现象Expanded vermiculite 膨胀蛭石Expanded rermiculite insulation 膨胀蛭石制品Expanded plastics 多孔塑料Engineering plastics 工程塑料F【返回检索】Fabriform 土工模袋False set假凝Feldspar长石Fiber-reinforced concrete纤维增强混凝土Final set终凝Fine aggregate细集料Fineness modulus细度模量Flowing concrete流动混凝土Fly ash粉煤灰Foamed slag泡沫矿渣Formwork removal拆模Ferromanganese锰钢Flow of cement mortar水泥胶砂流动度Fiber reinforced plastics纤维增强塑料Fiber-glass reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料Facebrick饰面砖，面砖Facing tile外墙面砖Faience mosaic嵌花地砖，釉陶锦砖Fiber cement纤维水泥Figured glass压花玻璃Fine sand细砂Fineness of cement水泥细度Finishing抹面（修整）Flash set闪凝（瞬间凝结）Flexural strength弯曲强度Flint燧石Floating刮平Fracture toughness断裂韧性Free calcium oxide游离氧化钙Freeze-thaw resistance抗冻融性Fresh concrete新拌混凝土Facing面层Fiber insulation纤维绝热材料Flexible insulation柔性绝热制品Frost action on aggregate骨料受到冰冻作用Frost action on cement paste水泥浆受到冰冻作用Future of concrete混凝土的前景Fire resistance耐火性Ferrocement钢丝网水泥Ferrocement with skeletal bar加筋钢丝网水泥Flexural property受弯性能Fatigue resistance耐疲劳性Forst resistance抗冻性Fineness modulus细度模数（M）Flexural rigidity抗弯刚度（B）Foamed concrete泡沫混凝土Fiber board纤维板Frost action on concrete混凝土受到冰冻作用G【返回检索】Gamma raysγ-射线Gel pores凝胶孔Gel/space ratio凝胶/空隙比（对强度的影响）(Effect on strength）Geonet 土工网Geotextile 土工格栅Geotextile 木织物Glass geogrid 土工复合排水材Geomat 土工垫Gradation级配Gypsum石膏Granulated wood粒状棉Giving an acid reaction发生酸性反应Grading颗粒级配Grain-size refinement级配曲线Gravel砾石、卵石Graywacke杂砂岩Grout薄浆（灌浆）Granite花岗岩Graph图表、图解Green concrete新拌混凝土Gritly粗砂状的Ground slag矿渣粉Gypsum wall board石膏墙板Glass geogrid 玻纤网Glassfiber Reinforced Plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料Glass wool玻璃棉Granular（powder）insulation颗粒绝热材料Gap-graded aggregate间断级配材料Gas concrete加气混凝土Glass玻璃体Giving a basic reaction发生碱性反应Gypsum concrete石膏混凝土H【返回检索】Hardening 硬化Hcp 水化水泥浆的简写Heat of hydration 水化热Heavyweight aggregate 重集料Heavyweight concrete 重混凝土Hemihydrate 半水化物High-alumina cement 高铝水泥High-early strength cement 高早强水泥High-strength concrete 高强混凝土High-workability concrete 高工作性混凝土Hot-weather concreting 热天浇筑混凝土Hydrophilic and hydrophobic 亲水与憎水Hydrated（portland）cement paste 已水化的水泥浆Hydration of portland cement 波特兰水泥的水化Hydration reaction of aluminates 铝酸盐的水化Hydration reaction of silicates 硅酸盐的水化反应Hydraulic cement 水硬性水泥Hydraulic pressure 水压力Honeycomb 蜂窝Heat transfer rate 热流量Homogeneous materials 均质材料High-tensile reinforcing steel 高强度钢筋High-tensile wire 高强钢丝High carbon steel 高碳钢High strength concrete 高强混凝土High performance concrete 高性能混凝土I 【返回检索】Igneous rocks for aggregate 作为集料的岩浆岩Impact strength 冲击强度Impregnation with polymers 用聚合物浸渍Initial set 初凝Initial tangent modulus 初始正切模量Interlayer space in C-S-H C-S-H中的层间空间Interlayer water in C-S-H C-S-H中的层间水Impact strength 抗冲击强度Impermeability 抗渗性，不渗透性Impermeability to water 抗渗水性，不透水性Impregnate 浸渍，渗透Index of quality 品质指标，质量控制标准Inhomogeneous 不均匀的，多相的Iron blast-furnace slag 化铁高炉渣Iron ores aggregate（heavyweight）铁矿石（重集料）Isotropic materials 各向同性材料Iron wire 低碳钢丝Impact ductility 冲击韧性Initial shrinkage 早期收缩Initial strength 早期强度Insulating layer 隔热层Intarsia 玻璃锦砖Impact resistance 抗冲击性J 【返回检索】Jet set cement 喷射水泥Jolting table 振动台Job mix 现场配合Jaw crusher 颚式破碎机"Jian-1" water reducer "建-1"型减水剂K 【返回检索】Killed steel 镇静钢Kiln dust 窑灰，飞灰Kiln building 窑房Kiln plant 窑设备Kilogram calorie 千卡，大卡Knot 木节Kominuter 球磨L【返回检索】Low PH value cement 低碱水泥Laitance 浆皮Leaching of cement paste 水泥浆渗漏Lime cement 石灰水泥Limestone 石灰石Lightweight aggregates 轻集料Lightweight concrete 轻混凝土Lignosulfonate 木质磺酸盐Low heat Portland cement 低热波特兰水泥Laboratory 实验室Lean concrete 贫混凝土Loss of slump of concrete 混凝土的坍落度损失Le chatelier soundness test 雷氏夹法Loss on ignition 烧失量Light weight ferrocement 轻质钢丝网水泥Longitudinal bar 纵筋Longitudinal bar spacing 纵筋间距Loose fill insulation 松散填充绝热层Low alloy steel 低合金钢Low caron colddrawn steel 冷拔低碳钢丝Longitudinal rib 纵肋Lumber grading 木材等级M 【返回检索】Macrostructure 宏观结构Magnesium oxide 氧化镁Magnesiun salts solution effect on concrete 镁盐溶液对混凝土的影响Map cracking 地图形裂纹Marcasite 白铁矿Mass concrete 大体积混凝土Maturity concept 成熟度概念Maturity meters 成熟度测定仪Microcracking 微裂缝Microsilica 微细二氧化硅（硅粉）Minimum crack spacing 最小裂缝间距Microcrack 微裂Modulus of deformation 变形模量（EB）Mineral wool insulation 矿棉绝热制品Mineral fibres 矿棉纤维Masonry cement 砌筑水泥Mild steel 低碳钢Medium carbon steel 中碳钢Moisture content of wood 木材含水量Moisture 湿度水分Moisture condition 含水状态Mumicipal-waste aggregate 城市废物集料Moisture absorption 吸湿率（water vapour absorption）Moisture content of aggregate 骨料含水量Matrix 基材Mesh-bar placement and tying 铺网扎筋Manual plastering 手工抹浆Maximum size of sand 砂的最大粒径Mortar consistency 砂浆绸度Mortar strength 砂浆强度Maximum crack width 最大裂缝宽度Mix proportion by absolute volume 绝对体积配合比（设计）Mix proportion by loose volume 现场松散体积配合比（设计）Mixed-in-place 现场拌和Mix proportion by weight 重量配合比Mixed process 混合过程Mixing time 拌和时间Mixing water 拌和水Modility 流动性Membreane curing 薄膜养护Mocromolecule high polymer 高分子Microstructure 微观结构Mixing of concrete 矿物外加剂Mixing water 拌合用水Mix proportioning（designing）配合比（设计）Mix proportions 配合比Modified portland cement 改性的波特兰水泥Modulus of elasticity 弹性模量Modulus of rupture 挠折模量（破裂模量）Monosulfate hydrate 单硫酸盐水化物Mortar 砂浆Multiaxial strength 多轴向强度Map cracking 龟裂Mastic 玛脂Modulus of elasticity concrete 混凝土弹性模量Modulus of water-glass 水玻璃模数Masonry mortar 砌筑砂浆Maximum aggregate size 最大集料粒径Marber 大理岩Moderate heat portland cement 中热硅酸盐水泥Moderate heat of hydration 中热Moderate sulfate resistance 中抗硫酸盐Magnitude of self-stress 自应力N 【返回检索】NDT 非破损试验的缩写Neutron radiation 中子辐射Neoprene 氯丁橡胶NNO water reducer NNO型减水剂Non-hydranlic cement 气硬性水泥Non-destructive tests 非破损试验Nuclear shielding concrete 核屏蔽混凝土Normal distribution 正太分布Non-evaporable water 非蒸发水Nominal diameter 公称直径Normal consistency of cement paste 水泥净浆标准绸度Neat cement paste 水泥净浆Needle crystal 针状晶体Needle penetrometer 维卡仪O 【返回检索】Oscillating screen 振动筛Oscillation generator 振动器Oscillator 振动器Oil-well platform concrete 油井平台混凝土Opal 蛋白石Overlays of concrete 混凝土覆盖层Oriented water 定向的水Osmotic pressure 渗透压力Oven-dry aggregate 炉干骨料Overall thermal conductance 总导热系数Organosilicon 有机硅Organosilicon resin 有机硅树脂Oscillate 振动，振荡Ordinary low-alloy steel 普通低合金钢Ordinary oil well cement 普通油井水泥Ordinary portland cement 普通硅酸盐水泥P 【返回检索】Particle size 颗粒尺寸Penetration resistance 抗贯入性Periclase 方镁石Perlite 珍珠岩Permeability 渗透性Phosphate 磷酸盐Phenolic Formaldehyde 酚醛树脂（PF）Placing of concrete 混凝土的浇筑Plaster of paris 建筑石膏Polypropylene 聚丙烯（PP）Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯（PS）Polystyrene-plywood laminate 聚苯乙烯胶合木板Polyester plastics 聚酯塑料Plastic veneer 塑料贴面板Plastic-steel window 塑钢窗Polyester 聚酯Polyester Resin 聚酯树脂（PR）Plastic shrinkage 塑性收缩Poisson's ratio 泊松比Polymer concrete 聚合物混凝土（PC）Polymer-impregnated concrete 聚合物浸渍混凝土（PIC）Polymer-cement concrete 聚合物水泥混凝土（PCC）Polymethylmethacrylate 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯Prestressed steel 预应力钢筋Pumped concrete 泵送混凝土Pumice concrete concrete block 浮石混凝土砌块Plastics 塑料Polythene 聚乙烯（PE）Polyvinyl Alcohol 聚乙烯醇（PV A）Polyvinyl Acetate 聚醋酸乙烯（PV AC）Polyvinyl Chloride 聚氯乙烯（PVC）Polyvinyl Formal 聚乙烯醇缩甲醛（PVFO）Porosity 孔隙率Portland cement 波特兰水泥Portland blast-furnace slag cement 高炉矿渣波特兰水泥Portlandite 氢氧钙石Portland pozzolan cement 火山灰质波特兰水泥Potential compound composition 潜在化合物成分Pyrite pyrrhotite 硫化铁，黄铁矿Particle size distribution 粒度分布Pat test 试饼法PH-value PH值Pozzolan 火山灰Pozzolanic reaction 火山灰质反应Preplaced aggregate concrete 预填集料混（PMMA）Pore-size distrbution 孔径分布Pore-size refinement 孔径尺寸修整Prestressded ferrocement 预应力钢丝网水泥Plain round bar 光圆钢筋凝土Proportioning 配合Pulverized fuel ash 磨细粉煤灰Pull-out test 拔出试验Pumice 浮石Q 【返回检索】Quality assurance 质量保证Quick set 快凝Quality 质量Quality control 质量控制Quartz glass 石英玻璃Quartz glass fiber 石英玻璃纤维Quartz sand 石英砂Quick lime 生石灰[CaO] Quartz 石英Quatzite 石英岩Quick-taking cement 快凝水泥Quick hardening 水硬性水泥Quench 水淬，骤冷R 【返回检索】Radiation shielding concrete辐射屏蔽混凝土Rapid setting and hardening cement快凝与快硬水泥Revibration重新振捣Rice husk ash谷糠灰Ready-mixed concrete预拌混凝土Recycled-concrete aggregate再生混凝土集料Regulated-set cement调凝水泥Retarding admixtures缓凝外加剂Retempering重新调拌Roller-compacted concrete滚筒-压实混凝土Reinforced plastics加筋塑料Reinforcement mat钢筋网Resistance to chemical attack of mortar砂浆耐蚀性Rock wool岩石棉Rigid insulation刚性绝热制品Rib height肋高Rib spacing肋间距Ribbed bars带肋钢筋Rich concrete富混凝土Residue on sieve筋余Raw limestone石灰石Raw gypsum二水石膏S 【返回检索】Salt crystallization pressure 盐的结晶压力Sand 砂Sandstone 砂岩Saturated surface dry condition 饱和面干条件Scaling 起皮，鳞片状剥落Schmidt rebound hammer 希密特回弹仪Screeding 抹平Seawater 海水Secant elastic modulus 正割弹性模量Sedimentary rocks for aggregate 作为集料的沉积岩Segregation 离析Self-stressing cement 自应力水泥Setting of cement paste 水泥浆的凝结Special hydraulic cement 特种水硬性水泥Specifications 规范Specific heat 比热Specific surface area 比表面积Sphericity 圆度Splitting tension strength 劈裂抗拉强度Standard specifications 标准规范Standard test method 标准试验方法Stiffening of cement paste 水泥浆的变硬Strain 应变Self-stressing cement mortar 自应力水泥砂浆Shear steel 剪切钢筋Saturation capacity 饱和含水量Saturation point 饱和点Stearic acid 硬脂酸Surface-active agents 表面活性剂Synthetic resin binder 树脂粘结剂Synthetic lightweight aggregate 人造轻集料Shotereting process 喷浆工艺Scaling 麻面Surface dusting 表面起砂Sandwich 夹层Shrinkage crack 收缩裂缝Stressed crack 受力裂缝Special steel 特种钢Sawdust concrete 锯屑混凝土Softening point test 软化点试验Solidification 凝固作用Stress 应力Stress intensity factor 应力强度因素Stress-strain curve 应力－应变曲线Surface moisture 表面水Splitting strength 劈裂强度Splitting failure 劈裂破坏Strength 强度Setting of concrete 混凝土的凝结Shear-bond failure 剪切粘结破坏Shear strength 剪切强度Shotcreting 喷射混凝土浇筑Shrinkage 收缩Shrinkage-compensating concrete 收缩补偿混凝土Sieve analysis of aggregate 集料的筛分析Silica fume 硅粉Slag 矿渣Slip-formed concrete 滑模混凝土Slump cone test 坍落度锥体试验Slump loss in concrete 混凝土中坍落度损失Solid/space ratio 固体∕空隙比Solid-state hydration 固态水化Soundness 安定性Spacing-factors of entrained air 引入空气的间距因素Structural lightweight concrete 结构轻混凝土Structure（microstructure）of concrete 混凝土的（微观）结构Structures（concrete）in photographs 混凝土结构照片Standard error 标准误差Stand sieve 标准筛Static modulus 静弹性模量Steam curing 蒸汽养护Strength grading 强度级别Strength of cube 立方体强度Strength at 28 days 28天强度Stress concentration 应力集中Styrene Butadiene Rubber 丁苯橡胶（SBR）Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene 苯－丁－苯乙烯Sulphoaluminate cement clinker 硫铝酸盐熟料Surface energy 表面能Surface hardness 表面强度Surface tension 表面张力Sand-lime brick 灰砂砖Saturated aggregate 饱和水集料Superplasticized admixture 超塑化外加剂Surface area 表面积Strength of aggregate 集料强度Strength of cylinders 圆柱体强度Supersulphated cement 石膏矿渣水泥Setting time of concrete 混凝土的凝结时间Standard of concrete 混凝土强度Standard deviation 标准差Sulfate attack 硫酸盐侵蚀Sulfate resisting cement 抗硫酸盐水泥Sulfates in portland cement 波特兰水泥中的硫酸盐Sulfides and sulfate aggregate 硫化物与硫酸盐集料Standard sand 标准砂Strength of cement mortar 水泥胶砂强度Strength grade of cement 水泥强度等级Spiral reinforcement 螺纹钢筋Stirrup 箍筋Struture lightweight concrete 结构用轻混凝土Specimen 试件Self-stressing concrete 自应力混凝土Sand grading 砂的级配Sand grading curve 砂的级配曲线Sand grading standard region 砂的级配标准区Self-stressing ferrocement 自应力钢丝网水泥Structure high density concrete 结构高表观密度混凝土Steel-fibre concrete 钢纤维混凝土Set retarder admixture 缓凝剂Set retarding and water-reducing admixture 缓凝减水剂Superplasticizer admixture 高效减水剂Superplasticized concrete 超塑性混凝土Setting time 凝结时间Sulphonated formaldehyde melamine 磺化甲醛三聚氰胺Saturated and surface-dry aggregate 饱和面干集料T 【返回检索】Tangent modulus of elasticity 正切弹性模量Temperature effects 温度效应Tensile strain 拉伸应变Tensile strain capacity 拉伸应变能力Tensile strength 拉伸强度（抗拉强度）Test methods 试验方法Thermal conductivity 导热性Thermal expansion coefficient 热膨胀系数Thermal shrinkage 热收缩Truckmixing 卡车搅拌Total water/cement ratio 总水灰比Trial mixes 试拌合物The particle grading 颗粒级配Tough aggregate 韧性集料Timber 木材Thermal insulation material 保温材料Test sieve 试验筛Through-solution hydration 通过溶液的水化Time of set 凝结时间Tobermorite gel 莫来石凝胶Topochemical hydration 局部水化Testing of material 材料试验Testing sieve shaker 试验用振动筛分机Test load 试验负荷Test method 试验仪表Test report 试验报告Test result 试验结果Tetracalcium aluminate hydrate 水化铝酸四钙Texture of wood 木材纹理Theories of cement setting and hardening 水泥凝结硬化理论Thermal contraction 热收缩Thermal diffusivity 热扩散性Thermosetting plastics 热固性塑料Technical manual 技术规范Test method of ferrocement panels in flexure 钢丝网水泥板受弯试验方法Transverse barspacing 横筋间距Thermo plastics 热塑性塑料Transverse rib 横肋Transverse bar 横筋Toughness 韧性Transition zone 过渡区Transporting concrete 混凝土输送Tricalcium aluminate 铝酸三钙Tricalcium silicate 硅酸三钙Triethanolamine 三乙醇胺Temperature shrinkage 温度收缩Thermal insulation material 绝热材料Thermal insulation properties 保温性能Thermal insulating concrete 绝热混凝土Thermal insulating plaster（Thermal insulating mortar）绝热砂浆U 【返回检索】Ultrasonic pulse velocity 超声脉冲速度Unixial compression behavior 单轴向受压状况Ultimate creep 极限徐变Ultimate strain 极限应变Unlimited swelling gel 无限膨胀凝胶Units of measurement 计量单位Unit weight 单位重量Ultimate gation 极限伸长值Ultimate principles 基本原理Ultrasonic inspection 超声波样份Uncombined CaO 游离CaOV 【返回检索】Vander Wale force 范德华力Vebe test 维勃试验Vermiculite 蛭石Very high early strength cement 超高早强水泥Vibration 振动，振捣Vicat apparatus 维卡仪V oid in hydrated cement paste 水化水泥浆中的孔隙V olcanic glass 火山玻璃Vinsol resin 松香皂树脂Viscometer 粘度仪Viscosity 粘度粘滞性Viscosity of asphalt 沥青粘滞性Voids ratio 孔隙率Vibro-moulding process 振动成型工艺Vibrating stamping process 震动模压工艺Vibrating vacuum-dewater process 振动-真空脱水工艺Vacuum insulation 真空绝热Vapour barrier，water vapour retarder 隔汽Vapor pressure 蒸汽压力Variegated glass 大理石纹Veneer 墙面砖、饰面砖Vesicular structure 多孔结构Vicat needle 维卡仪层Vibrating table 振动台Voids detection 空隙的测定V-B test（vebe test）维勃证W 【返回检索】Water 水Water/cement ratio 水灰比Water-reducing admixture 减水剂Water tightness 水密性、不透水性Water content 用水量Water requirement 需水量Water-lightness 透水性Water-reducing retaders 缓凝减水剂White cement 白水泥Windsor probe 温莎探针Winter concreting 混凝土冬季浇筑Workability 工作性（工作度）Wetting agents 温润剂Water solubility 水溶性Water retentivity 保水性Water storage 在水中养护Water repellent 疏水的、不吸水的、憎水的Workability loss of with time 和易性随时间损失Workability of ready-mixed concrete 预拌混凝土和易性Workability of light-weight concrete 轻混凝土和易性Water-reducing admixture 普通减水剂Water-proofing 防水的Water-proofing admixture 防水剂Wire rope 钢绞线Workability measurement 和易性测量Wire mesh 钢丝网Welded mesh 焊接网Wood wool slab 木丝板Water content（moisture content）含水率（湿度）Water absorption 吸水率Water resistance 抗水性Water vapor 水蒸汽Wearability 耐磨性Weather resistance 耐候性Workability 可加工性Wood-preserving process 木材防腐处理Work done by impact 冲击功Weighting error 称量误差Wet screening 湿法筛分，湿筛析Wetting and drying 潮湿与干燥Workability control 和易性控制Workability definition 和易性定义Water pepellent admixture 防水剂Water requirement for normal consistency of cement paste 水泥净浆标准绸度用水量Water proofing compound 防水化合物X 【返回检索】X-ray diffiraction analysis X射线衍射分析X-ray phase analysis X射线相分析X-rayogram X射线图式X-ray spectrometer X射线光谱仪Y 【返回检索】Yield limit 屈服极限Yield point 屈服点Yield strength 屈服强度Yield stress 屈服应力Yield of steel 钢材的屈服Z 【返回检索】Zeolite 沸石Zones for sand grading 砂级配区Zeta-potential ζ－电位Zone of heating 预热带。

涂料专业术语入门－英语Extender(filler) 体质颜料颜色三属性：色调hue , 明度lightness，饱和度saturation color matching, complementary color 互补色Tinting strength 着色力lighting power 消色力light fastness 耐光性hiding power遮盖力heat resistance 耐热性bleeding 渗色thixotropy 触变性freeze-thaw resistance耐冻融性storage ability 贮存稳定性compatibility of a product with the substratecontrast ratio 对比率surface drying time 表干时间practical drying time 实干时间leveling, flow 流平性blush resistance 防白性film thickness膜厚度gloss 光泽aging 老化salt spray(fog) resistance 耐盐雾性stages in drying 干燥阶段water vapor transmission 水汽透过性humid-dry cycling resistance 耐干湿交替性temperature change resistance耐温变性gloss retention 保光性artificial weathering 人工老化weathering resistance 耐候性fungus(mold) resistance 防霉性scrub resistance 耐擦洗性consistency 稠度chalking 粉化curtaining 幕式流挂flaking 片状剥落lifting 咬底pinhole 针眼exudation 融出wrinkling 起皱matting agent 消光剂color difference 色差pigment volume concentration 颜料体积浓度agglomerate附聚体practical spreading 实际涂布率efflorescence 泛碱lithopone 立德粉，锌钡白baryte重晶石粉precipitated calcium carbonate 沉淀碳酸钙preservative 防腐剂ethyl cellulose 羟乙基纤维素titanium dioxide 二氧化钛synthetic silica 合成二氧化硅asbestos石棉primary color 原色undertone底色color of clear liquids water content of coating涂料水分ash content of coating 涂料灰分condition in container容器中状态application property施工性mildew-growing长霉heavy body高稠度full-bodied highly dispersivity 高分散性high solid lacquer 高固体漆high gloss finish 高光泽面漆dispermix, dispersal mixer 分散混合机dispersion disc 分散盘chalk rating粉化级别edge sealing封边en capping封端coverage 覆盖率HSD, high speed dissolver 高速分散机forklift *车platform. balance 台秤, 地磅balance 天平tare 称皮重application range 应用范围applicator 涂膜器applicator blade 刮漆刀applicator roll 上漆辊子ardomorite 膨润土tale powder 滑石粉natural calcium silicate 硅灰石in accordance with 按照brush out cards = hiding power chart 黑白格纸，遮盖力试验纸brush marks 刷痕hacking knives 铲刀all purpose primer 通用底漆abrasive paper 砂布acceptability of color match 容许色差coat the reverse sides of the test specimens, coat the edges and the sides of the test specimens 封边texture coating 浮雕涂料color floating 浮色pot sauce pan 釜adhesion tester 附着力测定仪pull off test of adhesion （附着力）拉脱实验adhesion strength 附着强度fineness gauge 刮板细度计black and white check board 黑白格板coalescing agent 成膜助剂thixotropy, shear thinning 触变性protective clothing 防护工作服guard mask 防护面罩water repellent agent 防水剂flake 剥落anti-mildew agent 防霉剂anti dripping agent anti-sagging agent 防流挂剂clouding 发浑discoloration变色thickening 增稠fattening 变厚livering 肝化flocculation 絮凝gelling 凝胶化skinning 结皮settling沉淀caking结块seedy 有粗粒pig skin返粗floating发花flooding浮色bubbling起气泡pinholes针眼wrinkling 起皱orange skin橘皮blushing发白runs ,sags, curtains 流挂ropiness丝纹brush mark 刷痕cissing收缩cratering缩孔fat edge厚边creeping蠕变miss漏涂区lapping defect接痕piling堆漆lifting咬底bleeding渗色non-hiding不盖底flashing闪光loss of gloss失光softening软化blistering起泡whitening变白swelling溶胀cracking 开裂deep cracks 深裂growing长枚rusting生锈peeling剥落flaking片落chalking粉化embrittlening脆化after tack回粘midew-test panel, the number of the test panelstore the coated test specimens at standard conditions(23±2℃) and (50±5)relative humidity in accordance with ~ for max 28 daysDetermination of residue on sievewhiteness 白度kaolin, china clay 高岭土ultra-fine 超细mica powder 云母粉PH value of aqueous suspension 水悬浮液PH值outward appearance 外观oil adsorption 吸油量mesh residue 孔筛余物residue on sieve 筛余物water soluble substance 水溶物PH of water extract水萃取液PH值Abrasion Resistance 抗磨性The ability of a coating to resist degradation due to mechanical wear.Accelerated Weathering 耐候性试验A test designed to simulate but at the same time intensify and accelerate the destructive action of natural outdoor weathering.Acid resistance 抗酸性Acrylic Latex 丙烯酸乳液An aqueous dispersion of acrylic resins.Acrylic Resin 丙烯酸树脂A clear resin attained by polymerizing various acrylic monomers either alone or in combination.Adhesion 附着力Aggregate 骨料Airless Spray 无气喷涂A spraying system in which paint is atomized using high hydraulic pressure rather than compressed air.Alkali 碱An aqueous liquid which has a pH value of between 7 and 14. A base or caustic material.Algae 藻菌、霉菌Alligatoring 鳄裂Surface imperfections of a coating film having the wrinkled appearance of alligator skin.Ambient Temperature 室温/环境温度Room temperature or the existing temperature of the surroundings.Asphalt 沥青A black resinous material of petroleum origin.Binder 基料The nonvolatile portion of the vehicle of a coating which holds together the pigment particles.Blistering 起泡The formation of blisters in paint films by the local loss of adhesion and lifting of the film from the underlying substrate.Blushing 发白A film defect which manifests itself as a milky appearance which is generally caused by rapid solvent evaporation or the presence of excessive moisture during the curing process.Brushability 涂刷性The ease of applying a coating by brush.Chalking 粉化The formation of a friable powdery coating on the surface of a paint film, generally caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation resulting in a loss of gloss.Carbonation depth 碳化深度Clear top coat 罩面漆、罩光漆Coat 涂料The paint applied to a surface in a single application to form. a film when dry.Coating System 涂料系统A number of coats separately applied, in a predetermined order, at suitable intervals to allow for drying and curing, resulting in a completed job.Color Retention 保色性The ability to retain its original color during weathering or chemical exposure.Corrosion 腐蚀The decay, oxidation or deterioration of a substance (steel, concrete, and others) due to interaction with the environment. See also "Rust"Coverage 覆盖率Cement 水泥Concrete 混凝土Compressire strength 抗压强度Cracking 裂缝Splitting of a paint film usually as a result of aging.Crosslinking 交联The setting up of chemical links between molecular chains to form. a three dimensional network of connected molecules.Density 密度Mass per unit volume, usually expressed as grams per milliliter or pounds per gallon.Dilute 稀释剂Dew Point 露点The temperature of a surface, at a given ambient temperature and relative humidity, at which condensation of moisture will occur.DelaminationDiscolorationDry Time 干燥时间Time allotted for an applied coating film to reach a set stage of cure or hardness.Efflorescence 风化、粉化Water soluble salts, deposited as moisture evaporates, on the exterior of brick or concrete.Elastic 弹性Emulsion 乳胶A two phase liquid system in which small droplets of one liquid are immiscible in and are dispersed uniformly throughout a second continuous liquid phase.Enamel 磁漆A term used to characterize a coating which has a glossy smooth finish. A common term for alkyd coatings.Exterior 外墙Fading 失光Loss of gloss or sheen.Filler 腻子A compound used to extend or bulk a coating to provide extra body or hiding power.Film 漆膜A layer of coating or paint.Finish coat 面漆Flash Point 闪点The lowest temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is provided to form. an ignitable mixture when mixed with air.Fungus 真菌类Gloss 光泽Semi-gloss 半光Matt 无光The sheen or ability to reflect light.Gloss Retention 保光性The ability to retain the original sheen during weathering.Glass deterioration 失去光泽Grease 剥落Hardener 硬化剂An activator curing agent, catalyst or cross linking agent.Hiding 遮盖The ability of a coating to obscure the surface to which it is applied.Impact Resistance 抗冲击性The ability to resist deformation or cracking due to a forceful blow. InterionLead-Free Contains, by weight, less than 0.5% lead for industrial products and less than 0.6% lead in consumer products.Lifting 咬底Softening and raising or wrinkling of a previous coat by the application of an additional coat; often caused by coatings containing strong solvents.Mastic 厚浆A term used to describe a heavy bodied coating.Masonry 砖石结构Mil （厚度单位）One one-thousandth of an inch; 0.001 inches. Commonly used to denote coating thickness.Mildew 霉菌A superficial growth of living organic matter produced by fungi in the presence of moisture; results in discoloration and decomposition of the surface.Mosaic 马赛克Moisture contrentNonvolatile 不挥发The portion of the paint left after the solvent evaporates; solids.Opacity 遮盖力The ability of a paint film to obliterate or hide the color of the surface to which it is applied.Panel board 预制板Peeling 剥落、脱皮A film of paint or coating lifting from the surface due to poor adhesion. Peeling normally applies to large pieces. (See chipping )Permeability 渗透性The degree to which a membrane or coating film will allow the passage or penetration of a liquid or gas.Pigment 颜料A finely ground natural or synthetic, insoluble particle adding color and opacity or corrosion inhibition to a coating film.Pigment/Binder 颜料/基料A ratio of total pigment to binder solids in paint.Plaster 抹灰Polymer 聚合物A substance of molecules which consist of one or more structural units repeated any number of times.Porosity 孔隙度The presence of numerous minute voids in a cured material.Primer 底漆The first coat of paint applied to a surface, formulated to have good bonding, wetting and inhibiting properties.Putty 腻子Relative Humidity 相对湿度The ratio, expressed as a percent, of the quantity of water vapor actually present in the air to the greatest amount possible at a given temperature.Resin 树脂A group of organic materials, either natural or synthetic, which can be molded or dissolved.Repeated warning and coolingRetrofitt 翻新Refurbishment 翻新Rigid 刚性Roller 滚筒A cylinder covered with lamb“s wood, felt, foamed plastics or other materials used for applying paint.Rust 生锈The corrosion of steel or iron is an electrochemical phenomena wherein the base metal reverses to a lower, more stable energy state. If the corrosive environment is water or brine, then the corrosion product formed is commonly known as rust. In the case of other chemicals, such as alkalies or acids, other combinations of iron salts are formed as part of the corrosion product.Sag Resistance 抗流挂The ability of a paint to be applied at proper film thicknesses without sagging.Satin Finish 无光饰面A descriptive term generally referenced to paints with a 60 degree gloss reading between 10 and 40.Shelf Life 贮存期The maximum time interval in which a material may be kept in a usable condition during storage.Skinning （油漆桶内表面）起皮、结皮The formation of a solid membrane on the top of a liquid, caused by partial curing or drying of the coating during storage.Solution 溶液Solvent 溶剂Scruf 擦洗Stain 沾污Suspen ded 吊篮Scaffolding 吊篮Substrate assessment 基面评估Stripp 剥落Solids by Volume 固体含量The percentage of the total volume occupied by nonvolatile compounds.Substrate 基底The surface to be painted.Thixotropic 触变性An adjective which describes full bodied material which undergoes a reduction in viscosity when shaken, stirred or otherwise mechanically disturbed but which readily recovers its original full bodied condition upon standing.Thinners 稀释剂A liquid (solvent) added to a coating to adjust viscosity.Texture coating 结构漆Undercoat 底漆The coat appli ed to the surface after preparation and before the application of a finish coat.Vinyl Copolymer 乙烯聚合物A resin produced by copolymerizing vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride.Vapor Transmission Rate 透气性The rate at which moisture passes through a material or coating.V olatile Organic Compounds (VOC)A measure of the total amount of organic compounds evaporating from a coating film, excluding water.Viscosity 粘度Water permeability 水渗透Weather resistant 耐风化Water vapour diffusion 水汽扩散性。

第 35 卷 第 3 期2021年 6月Vol ・35 No ・3Jun. 2021粉煤灰综合利用FLY ASH COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION*基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助（11472098、12072105）。

作者简介：姜凯（1996-）,男，硕士研究生，研究方向：计算力学与工程仿真。

收稿日期：2020-11-12基于Voronoi 模型的梯度孔隙率泡沫铝力学性能研究*Study on Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Foams with Gradient Porosity based on Voronoi Model姜凯(河海大学力学与材料学院，江苏南京211100)摘 要：通过孔径梯度的变化调整孔隙率梯度，得到多组整体孔隙率相同、但内部孔隙率梯度不同的胞状泡沫金属Voronoi 模型。

对具有均匀孔隙率的泡沫铝试件进行冲击试验和数值模拟，两种结果吻合良好，初步验证了采用Voronoi 模型可以较为准确地模拟泡沫金属材料的力学行为。

基于Voronoi 模型对具有不同孔隙率梯度的泡沫铝的压缩 过程进行数值模拟，研究孔隙率梯度、梯度方向、围压作用等因素对泡沫铝力学性能的影响。

结果表明：在不同荷载 情况下，梯度的存在使得泡沫铝的坪应力降低，同时在屈服平台阶段出现了明显的硬化现象；外力较大时，梯度泡沫铝有更好的承载能力和吸能能力。

关键词：泡沫铝；梯度孔隙率；力学性能；能量吸收；数值模拟中图分类号：TB331文献标志码：A 文章编号：1005-8249 (2021) 03-0064-08DOI ：10.19860/ki.issn1005-8249.2021.03.012JIANG Kai(College of Mechanics and Materials , Hohai University , Nanjing 211100, China)Abstract : By adjusting the porosity gradient through the change of pore diameter , a group of cellular foam Voronoi models with the same overall porosity but different internal porosity gradient were obtained. The impact test and numerical simulation of aluminum foam samples with uniform porosity are carried out , and the two results are in good agreement. It is preliminarily verified that Voronoi model can be used to accurately simulate the mechanical behavior of metal foam materials. Based on the Voronoi model , the compression process of aluminum foam with different porositygradient was numerically simulated , and the effects of porosity gradient , gradient direction and confining pressure on the mechanical properties of aluminum foam were studied. The results show that under different load conditions , the existence of gradient reduces the plateau stress of aluminum foam , and at the same time , there is obvious hardening phenomenon in the stage of yielding platform ； when the external force is large , thegradient foamed aluminum has better bearing capacity and energy absorption capacity.Keywords : foamed aluminum ； gradient porosity ； mechanical property ； energy absorption ； numerical simulation0引言近年来，为满足结构轻量化设计的需求，轻质、高强度材料日益受到关注。

涂料词汇中英文对照汇总extender(filler) 体质颜料颜色三属性：明度 lightness，saturation color matching, complementary color 互补色tinting strength 着色力lighting power 消色力light fastness 耐光性hiding power遮盖力heat resistance 耐热性bleeding 渗色thixotropy 触变性freeze-thaw resistance耐冻融性storage ability 贮存稳定性compatibility of a product with the substrate contrast ratio 对比率surface drying time 表干时间practical drying time 实干时间leveling, flow 流平性blush resistance 防白性film thickness膜厚度gloss 光泽aging 老化salt spray(fog) resistance 耐盐雾性stages in drying 干燥阶段water vapor transmission 水汽透过性humid-dry cycling resistance 耐干湿交替性temperature change resistance耐温变性gloss retention 保光性artificial weathering 人工老化weathering resistance 耐候性fungus(mold) resistance 防霉性scrub resistance 耐擦洗性consistency 稠度chalking 粉化curtaining 幕式流挂flaking 片状剥落lifting 咬底pinhole 针眼exudation 融出wrinkling 起皱matting agent 消光剂color difference 色差pigment volume concentration 颜料体积浓度agglomerate附聚体practical spreading 实际涂布率efflorescence 泛碱lithopone立德粉，锌钡白baryte重晶石粉precipitated calcium carbonate 沉淀碳酸钙preservative 防腐剂ethyl cellulose 羟乙基纤维素titanium dioxide 二氧化钛synthetic silica 合成二氧化硅asbestos石棉primary color 原色iquids water content of coating涂料水分ash content of coating 涂料灰分condition in container容器中状态application property施工性mildew-growing长霉heavy body高稠度full-bodied highly dispersivity 高分散性high solid lacquer 高固体漆high gloss finish 高光泽面漆dispermix, dispersal mixer 分散混合机dispersion disc 分散盘chalk rating粉化级别edge sealing封边en capping封端coverage 覆盖率hsd, high speed dissolver 高速分散机platform. balance 台秤, 地磅balance 天平tare 称皮重application range 应用范围applicator 涂膜器applicator blade 刮漆刀applicator roll 上漆辊子ardomorite膨润土tale powder滑石粉natural calcium silicate 硅灰石in accordance with 按照brush out cards = hiding power chart 黑白格纸，遮盖力试验纸brush marks 刷痕hacking knives 铲刀all purpose primer 通用底漆abrasive paper 砂布acceptability of color match 容许色差coat the reverse sides of the test specimens, coat the edges and the sides of the test specimens 封边 texture coating 浮雕涂料color floating 浮色pot sauce pan 釜adhesion tester 附着力测定仪pull off test of adhesion (附着力)拉脱实验adhesion strength 附着强度fineness gauge 刮板细度计black and white check board 黑白格板coalescing agent 成膜助剂thixotropy, shear thinning 触变性protective clothing 防护工作服guard mask 防护面罩water repellent agent 防水剂flake 剥落anti-mildew agent 防霉剂anti dripping agent anti-sagging agent 防流挂剂clouding 发浑discoloration变色thickening 增稠fattening 变厚livering 肝化flocculation 絮凝gelling 凝胶化skinning 结皮settling沉淀caking结块seedy 有粗粒pig skin返粗floating发花bubbling起气泡pinholes针眼wrinkling 起皱orange skin橘皮blushing发白runs ,sags, curtains 流挂ropiness丝纹brush mark 刷痕cissing收缩cratering缩孔fat edge厚边creeping蠕变miss漏涂区lapping defect接痕piling堆漆lifting咬底bleeding渗色non-hiding不盖底flashing闪光loss of gloss失光softening软化blistering起泡whitening变白swelling溶胀cracking 开裂deep cracks 深裂growing长枚rusting生锈peeling剥落chalking粉化embrittlening脆化after tack回粘whiteness 白度kaolin,china clay高岭土ultra-fine 超细mica powder云母粉ph value of aqueous suspension 水悬浮液ph值outward appearance 外观oil adsorption 吸油量mesh residue 孔筛余物residue on sieve 筛余物water soluble substance 水溶物ph of water extract水萃取液ph值abrasion resistance 抗磨性the ability of a coating to resist degradation due to mechanical wear.accelerated weathering 耐候性试验a test designed to simulate but at the same time intensify and accelerate the destructive action of natural outdoor weathering.acid resistance 抗酸性acrylic latex 丙烯酸乳液an aqueous dispersion of acrylic resins.acrylic resin 丙烯酸树脂adhesion 附着力aggregate 骨料airless spray 无气喷涂alkali 碱an aqueous liquid which has a ph value of between 7 and 14.a base or caustic material.algae 藻菌、霉菌alligatoring 鳄裂surface imperfections of a coating film having the wrinkled appearance of alligator skin.ambient temperature 室温/环境温度asphalt 沥青binder 基料blistering 起泡blushing 发白brushability 涂刷性the ease of applying a coating by brush.chalking 粉化carbonation depth 碳化深度clear top coat 罩面漆、罩光漆coat 涂料the paint applied to a surface in a single application to form.a film when dry.coating system 涂料系统color retention 保色性the ability to retain its original color during weathering or chemical exposure.corrosion 腐蚀the decay, oxidation or deterioration of a substance (steel, concrete, and others) due to interaction with the environment. see also 'rust'coverage 覆盖率cement 水泥concrete 混凝土compressire strength 抗压强度cracking 裂缝splitting of a paint film usually as a result of aging.crosslinking 交联the setting up of chemical links between molecular chains to form. a three dimensional network of connected molecules.density 密度mass per unit volume, usually expressed as grams per milliliter or pounds per gallon.dilute 稀释剂dew point 露点the temperature of a surface, at a given ambient temperature and relative humidity, at which condensation of moisture will occur.delminationdiscolorationdry time 干燥时间time allotted for an applied coating film to reach a set stage of cure or hardness.efflorescence 风化、粉化water soluble salts, deposited as moisture evaporates, on the exterior of brick or concrete.elastic 弹性emulsion 乳胶a two phase liquid system in which small droplets of one liquid are immiscible in and are dispersed uniformly throughout a second continuous liquid phase.enamel 磁漆a term used to characterize a coating which has a glossy smooth finish. a common term for alkyd coatings.exterior 外墙fading 失光loss of gloss or sheen.filler 腻子a compound used to extend or bulk a coating to provide extra body or hiding power.film 漆膜a layer of coating or paint.finish coat 面漆flash point 闪点the lowest temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is provided to form. an ignitable mixture when mixed with air.fungus 真菌类gloss 光泽 semi-gloss 半光 matt 无光the sheen or ability to reflect light.gloss retention 保光性the ability to retain the original sheen during weathering.glass deterioration 失去光泽grease 剥落hardener 硬化剂an activator curing agent, catalyst or cross linking agent.hiding 遮盖the ability of a coating to obscure the surface to which it is applied.impact resistance 抗冲击性the ability to resist deformation or cracking due to a forceful blow. interionlead-free contains, by weight, less than 0.5% lead for industrial products and less than 0.6% lead in consumer products.lifting 咬底softening and raising or wrinkling of a previous coat by the application of an additional coat; often caused by coatings containing strong solvents.mastic 厚浆a term used to describe a heavy bodied coating.masonry 砖石结构mil (厚度单位)one one-thousandth of an inch; 0.001 inches. commonly used to denote coating thickness.mildew 霉菌a superficial growth of living organic matter produced by fungi in the presence of moisture; results in discoloration and decomposition of the surface.mosaic 马赛克moisture contrentnonvolatile 不挥发the portion of the paint left after the solvent evaporates; solids.opacity 遮盖力the ability of a paint film to obliterate or hide the color of the surface to which it is applied.panel board 预制板peeling 剥落、脱皮a film of paint or coating lifting from the surface due to poor adhesion. peeling normally applies to large pieces. (see chipping ) permeability 渗透性the degree to which a membrane or coating film will allow the passage or penetration of a liquid or gas.pigment 颜料a finely ground natural or synthetic, insoluble particle addingcolor and opacity or corrosion inhibition to a coating film.pigment/binder 颜料/基料a ratio of total pigment to binder solids in paint.plaster 抹灰polymer 聚合物a substance of molecules which consist of one or more structural units repeated any number of times.porosity 孔隙度the presence of numerous minute voids in a cured material.primer 底漆the first coat of paint applied to a surface, formulated to have good bonding, wetting and inhibiting properties.putty 腻子relative humidity 相对湿度the ratio, expressed as a percent, of the quantity of water vapor actually present in the air to the greatest amount possible at a given temperature.resin 树脂a group of organic materials, either natural or synthetic, which can be molded or dissolved.repeated warning and coolingretrofitt 翻新refurbishment 翻新rigid 刚性roller 滚筒a cylinder covered with lamb's wood, felt, foamed plastics or other materials used for applying paint.rust 生锈the corrosion of steel or iron is an electrochemical phenomena wherein the base metal reverses to a lower, morestable energy state. if the corrosive environment is water or brine, then the corrosion product formed is commonly known as rust. in the case of other chemicals, such as alkalies or acids, other combinations of iron salts are formed as part of the corrosion product.sag resistance 抗流挂the ability of a paint to be applied at proper film thicknesses without sagging.satin finish 无光饰面a descriptive term generally referenced to paints with a 60 degree gloss reading between 10 and 40.shelf life 贮存期the maximum time interval in which a material may be kept in a usable condition during storage.skinning (油漆桶内表面)起皮、结皮the formation of a solid membrane on the top of a liquid, caused by partial curing or drying of the coating during storage.solution 溶液solvent 溶剂scruf 擦洗stain 沾污suspen ded 吊篮scaffolding 吊篮substrate assessment 基面评估stripp 剥落solids by volume 固体含量the percentage of the total volume occupied by nonvolatile compounds.substrate 基底the surface to be painted.thixotropic 触变性an adjective which describes full bodied material which undergoes a reduction in viscosity when shaken, stirred or otherwise mechanically disturbed but which readily recovers its original full bodied condition upon standing.thinners 稀释剂a liquid (solvent) added to a coating to adjust viscosity.texture coating 结构漆undercoat 底漆the coat appli ed to the surface after preparation and before the application of a finish coat.vinyl copolymer 乙烯聚合物a resin produced by copolymerizing vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride.vapor transmission rate 透气性the rate at which moisture passes through a material or coating.volatile organic compounds (voc)a measure of the total amount of organic compounds evaporating from a coating film, excluding water.viscosity 粘度water permeability 水渗透weather resistant 耐风化water vapour diffusion 水汽扩散性精品推荐阅读化学人不可不知的表面活性剂的基本理论知识涂料中溶剂的作用理论总结怎样理解水性双组份聚氨酯的成膜机理？聚脲弹性体涂料成膜反应机理兴奋剂的历史渊源及其种类介绍我们身边的十大食品添加剂不可不知的溶剂毒性分类及高关注物质环氧树脂用稀释剂总结香皂的手工制作的原理及方法概述pvc加工工艺及常用助剂汇总一、助剂综合常见的十大涂料品种及其特性防涂鸦涂料性能的改进方法研究让我们一起揭秘水性涂料助剂的奥妙让我们一起揭开涂料油墨用助剂的神秘面纱？（绝对的干货）高分子材料中的助剂28问【值得收藏】二、流平剂涂料的流动与流平（绝对经典）流平剂作用机理及使用方法总结三、润湿分散剂润湿和分散剂是怎样影响涂料的综合性能的？四、发泡助剂机理有机硅泡沫稳定剂的作用机理发泡知识大汇总（收藏）聚氨酯湿法合成革发泡机理总结聚氨酯发泡工艺简介五、消光助剂涂料消光原理及其应用涂料消光知识大汇总六、其它助剂无机磷酸盐的防锈机理该怎么预防塑料薄膜上的静电？纳米碳酸钙特性以及应用催化剂对异氰酸酯反应活性的影响塑料添加剂种类的选择方法涂料的基本组成介绍高分子材料蠕变和松弛原理及实际应用关于环氧树脂胶粘剂中添加剂的综述谈油墨的成分与油墨性能的关系....抗静电剂的类型及其作用机理概述展开剂的选择以及常用溶剂极性表高分子材料的阻燃机理总结制革用柔软剂的种类及作用机理总结柔软整理剂的分类和各类柔软剂总结组成UV油墨的成份及其作用几种常见化工助剂概述药用气雾剂原理及应用介绍防静电pvc的用途及性能评论区可以交流了！QQ交流群：146043823百度贴吧讨论区：搜索“高分子合成研究”进行交流学习。

小学上册英语第四单元真题(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What do you call the main character in a story?A. AntagonistB. ProtagonistC. Supporting CharacterD. Narrator答案: B2.The ______ (生态) plays a role in the survival of many species.3.I enjoy crafting gifts for my friends and family, such as __________.4.My favorite color is ______ (蓝色). It reminds me of the clear ______ (天空).5.The ______ is a measure of how much matter is in an object.6.Which season is known for blooming flowers?A. WinterB. SpringC. SummerD. Autumn答案: B7.We can find many ________ (植物) in the rainforest.8.The doctor, ______ (医生), gives advice on staying healthy.9.小猴子) eats bananas all day. The ___10.__________ are used to represent elements in the periodic table.11.I call my neighbor ______ when I see him. (我见到我的邻居时称他为)12.What is the capital of the United States?A. New YorkB. Washington, D.C. C. Los AngelesD. Chicago答案:b13.The capital of Barbados is __________.14.n Tea Party was a protest against _____. The Bost15. A gazelle is known for its speed and ______ (优雅).16.What is the name of the famous river that runs through Egypt?A. AmazonB. MississippiC. NileD. Yangtze答案: C. Nile17.The __________ (历史的教训) is invaluable.18.The Earth's magnetic field protects us from ______.19.The sky is _______ (非常晴朗).20.The __________ is a famous city known for its historic buildings. (伊斯坦布尔)21.The _____ (ancient) Romans built roads that connected their empire.22.My sister is a ______. She enjoys singing.23.What is the process of taking in oxygen called?A. InhalationB. ExhalationC. RespirationD. Digestion答案: A24.The puppy is very ________.25.Listen and number.(听录音标号.)26.Enzymes are biological ______ that speed up reactions.27.The __________ is famous for its cherry blossoms.28.The dog is ______ with a ball. (playing)29.What do you call a place where animals are kept for public display?A. FarmB. ZooC. ParkD. Aquarium答案: B30.The __________ is a region known for its deserts.31.We will go ______ for a picnic tomorrow. (outside)32.We like to listen to ___. (music)33.I enjoy painting ________ (水彩画) in art class.34.What do we call the act of keeping something safe from harm?A. ProtectionB. PreservationC. ConservationD. Safeguarding答案: A35.The chemical symbol for neon is _______.36.I like to ________ my friends.37.My sister is _______ (在画画).38.We have English class _____ (on/in) Tuesday.39.The _____ (狐狸) is clever and quick on its feet.40.Elements are organized in the periodic ______.41.The rabbit’s ears help it hear _______ (声音).42.My favorite dish is ______ (意大利面).43.Fish come in many _________. (颜色)44. A __________ is a mixture that can be separated by centrifugation.45.在历史上，________ (battles) 常常改变了国家的命运。

炼铁名词 2018.11.10.a batch of burden ,一批料Absolute pressure绝对压力absolute temperature ,绝对温度absorbing sheath吸音罩accelerate wear on the lining ,加速砖衬磨损acceleration / gravity ,加速度acid slag ,酸性渣active coke zone ,活动焦炭带adding machine ,加法器age hardening ,时效硬化air flow indicator ,空气流量指示器allotropy ,同素异形alloy / ferro,合金alumina ,Al2O3 aluminum ,AlAnchor point ,支点annular gap scrubber for gas c;eaning环缝式洗涤塔anthracite ,无烟煤antimony,锑apparent porosity,显气孔apparent specific gravity , ρ堆比重（容重）apron feeder带式给料机argon ,氩arsenic ,砷available ,有效弹axial blower ,轴流式风机back draft stack ,回压管ball mill ,球磨机banking ,封炉basicity 碱度batch weight ,批重batches charging ,分批装料bed charge ,底料bed coke ,底焦bell clearance ,炉喉间隙Bell’s reaction ,贝尔反应Bell-less top,无钟bellows expansion joint,膨胀器belly炉腰BF settler ,炉前big bell hopper ,大料斗bin料仓black coke ,空焦blast ,鼓风blast control 风量控制blast furnace ,高炉blast furnace dissection ,高炉解剖Blast furnace lines ,高炉内衬blast pressure ,风压blast system送风系统blast temperature,风温blast velocity 风速blast volume / blast rate ,风量blasting爆破bleeder ,放散管bleeder value / snuffle valve,放风伐 放散伐blending the tuyere ,堵风口bloomers / bloomery ,熟铁吹炼炉bloomery furnace / stuckofen ,块炼炉blow off ,停炉blow off valve,放风伐 废气伐blow on ,开炉blow pipe ,直吹管Blow through 吹透高炉blowing down ,降料面blowing in ,送风blowing in burden ,开炉配料blowing out休风停炉boron ,硼bosh 炉腹bosh gas 炉腹煤气boundary layer ,边界层break down temperature ,碎裂温度break through ,穿破breakage ,烧穿Brick lined ,砖衬brick work ,砌砖Bridging悬料briquetted pig iron热压铁块brittle zone ,脆化层bucked elevator(hoist),料罐捲揚机bull specific gravity ,容积比重burden炉料burden calculation /calculate a charge ,配料计算burden program ,装料程序burden sheet ,配料表burden structure炉料结构burdening ,配料Burner ,燃烧器burnt-out ,烧坏bustle pipe ,环管by-pass ,冷风支管by-product ,付产品calcia CaO calcination ,焙烧 煅烧calcium oxide ,生石灰calorie / calory ,卡campaign life ,寿命carbide ,碳化物carbon ,碳Carbon block ,碳砖carbon deposition碳沉积carbon dioxide ,二氧化碳carbon monoxide ,一氧化炭carbon solution loss碳融损carbonate ,炭酸盐carburizer ,渗碳剂carburizing ,渗碳法cast house ,出铁场cast iron / foundry pig ,铸铁casting machine ,铸铁机catalan furnace ,熟铁炉cement carbon ,渗碳central gas flow ,中心气流centrifugal blower ,离心式风机CFB Circulating fluidized bed ,环形流动床chamotte粘土砖Channeling ,管道characteristic number of batch weight , D 批重特徵数characteristic number of stock distribution E 布料特徵数charcoal ,木炭charcoal blast furnace ,木碳高炉charge / charging / filling ,装料 上料charge charactor ,炉料特性charging sequence(order) ,装料次序check checking坐料Checker brick ,格子砖chemical composition ,化学成分chert ,燧石chevron人字纹，人字型断口Chill ,凉 冷却chilled hearth ,炉冷chimney valve ,废气伐chlorine ,氯chrominum ,铬circumference direction ,圆周方向cking coal ,粘结煤clean the walls ,洗炉closel loop soft water cooling loop冉水密闭循环冷却系统closely spaced copper plate ,密集铜水箱coagulum凝结物coal injection ,喷煤coal iron gasfication process ,铁浴造气炼铁法coarse coke ,焦炭coarse ore ,粗粒矿cobalt ,钴coefficient of internal friction ,内摩擦系数cohesive zone软融带coke ,焦炭coke base ,焦炭批重coke base （road） ,焦炭负荷coke blank ,净焦coke breeze焦粉Coke Chimney焦炉烟囱；coke gas ,焦炉煤气coke layer ,矿层coke rate (ratio) ,焦比coke slits ,焦窗coking coal ,焦煤cold blast header ,冷风管cold blast valve ,冷风伐cold screen 冷筛collector ,收集器combustibility ,可燃性combustible,易燃的Combustion chamber ,燃烧室combustion zone ,燃烧带compact coke zone ,死料堆 死焦带compaign live寿命composition of pig iron , 生铁成分compressibility ,可压缩性compressibility factor,压缩系数compressor ,压缩机conditions furnace ,炉况conprehensive utilization综合利用continuous tapping ,连续出铁control room ,值班室convection ,对流Coolant ,冷却剂cooler plate (bosh) ,炉腹冷却板Cooling intensity ,冷却强度cooling plate (stack) / plate cooler ,冷却板Cooling rate ,冷却速度cooling system ,冷却系统coranit ,刚玉氮化物corrosion ,（化学）侵蚀Counting variable ,计数变量crew room ,休息室CRI coke reaction index焦炭反应性critical batch weight ,W0临界批重Cross section ,剖面图crucible steel ,坩埚钢crusher / rock crusher ,破碎机crystal ,结晶水CSR coke strength after reduction还原后焦炭强度Cupola ,化铁炉cyanides ,氰化物dam ,闸 坝deformation ,变形Dehumidifying ,脱湿Deign drawing / plan ,设计图density ,密度 浓度deoxidation ,脱氧deoxidizer ,脱氧剂dephosphotize ,脱P depressurizing valve ,减压伐desulphurization ,脱硫differentia ltemperature of cooling water冷却水温差diffusion ,扩散direct reduction 直接还原direction reduction process ,直接还原炼铁法discharge hole ,出料口discharge side ,出料口一侧distributing chute ,溜槽distribution of burden ,布料distributor / top distributor ,布料器dolomite ,白云石dosing 配料double peak melting zone ,双峰型软熔带down comer（take）,下降管draft control ,回压伐Drawing ,草图DRI Direct reduction iron ,海绵铁, 直接还原铁drilling 钻孔driving rate ,作业率dropping zone ,滴落带dross ,铁屑dry cleaning干法除尘dry coke quenching ,干熄焦drying ,烘干ductility ,韧性dump hopper料斗durability ,耐久性dust ,炉尘dust catcher ,除尘器dust catcher ,灰尘捕集器dust collector ,灰尘收集器dynamic response ,动态响应early slag ,初渣effective working volume ,有效容积effective(useful) height ,有效高度elective current ,电流electric furnace ,电炉electric furnace ironmaking ,电炉炼铁electrostatic precipitator ,电除尘器elephant foot erosion ,象脚侵蚀elephant foot wear ,象脚磨损energy-saving and emission 节能减排environment protection环保equalizing valve均压阀equivalent diameter ,当量直径Erection drawing ,安装图erosion ,（机械）侵蚀evaporation ,蒸发exothermic reaction ,放热反应explosion door ,安全防爆门external cooled ,外部冷却extraction metallurgy ,提取（萃区）冶金fabric（bag）filter ,布袋除尘器Fabrication drawing ,制造图Fahrenheit ,华氏feeder spout ,导料管fell down ,脱落ferric oxide ,Fe2O3ferrite ,铁素体ferro manganese ,锰铁ferro silicon ,硅铁fettling 补炉fettling time ,铸锭时间fine（power） ore ,矿粉finery ,精炼fire clay ,耐火泥fire clay brick ,耐火砖first order reaction ,一级反应fixed shaft probe ,炉身固定探测器flactuation,波动 起伏flame temperature ,火焰温度floating ,浮动的 流动的flooding ,液泛flow control valve（gate） ,节流伐Flow sheet /flow diagram ,流程图（表）Flue ,烟道Flue gas ,废气fluidity / runnability / flowability ,流动性fluidization ,流态化fluidized bed ironmaking ,流态化炼铁fluorite / fluorspar / fluor ,萤石flushing furnace洗炉flux / agent of fusion ,熔剂foamed slag ,泡沫渣foldspar ,长石Forced circulation ,强制循环foundation ,炉基foundry ,铸造franklinite ,锌铁矿free running temperature ,自由流动温度free standing BF ,自立式高炉freeze line ,凝固线friction coefficient ,摩擦系数fuel consumption ,燃料消耗fuel injection ,喷吹燃料fuel rate(ratio) ,燃料比fundamental law ,基本规律fundamental principle ,基本原理Furnace "kicking" 静压波动fusibility ,易熔性 熔化性fusion curve ,熔化曲线fusion zone / cohesive zone / melting zone软熔带gangue ,脉石尾矿gas cleaner ,煤气清洗器gas distribution ,煤气分布Gas fired regenerative furnace ,煤气发生炉gas flow ,煤气流gas main ,煤气总管gas profile(curve) ,煤气曲线gas seal （sealing）valve ,气密伐gas uptake上升管gas utilization ,煤气利用gas utilization rate ,ηco煤气利用率gas washing tower ,洗涤塔gauge rod探料尺General layout ,总图glass slag ,玻璃渣go out of blast ,停风grain size ,粒度granite ,花岗岩granulating pit水渣池granulating slag水渣Graphite ,石墨graphitization ,石墨化作用Gray iron ,灰口铁growth ,膨胀half reverse charging （filling） ,半倒装hand charging / hand feed ,人工装料Hanging ,悬料hardness ,硬度harmful elements有害元素HBI Hot briquetted iron ,热压块hearth / well of BF ,炉缸hearth accumulation炉缸堆积hearth bottom ,炉底hearth deposition炉缸堆积hearth freeze-up炉缸冻结hearth layer gate铺底料闸门hearth layer material 铺底料hearth-layer feeding铺底料给料系统Heat balance ,热平衡heat conductivity ,导热率heat function ,热函 焓heat loss ,热损失heat of fusion ,熔化热heat treatment ,热处理heating up烘炉heavy burdener ,重料hematite ore / iron glance ,赤铁矿High alumina brick ,高铝砖Hi-QIP High quality iron peebble ,高质量铁块H-iron processes ,氢铁法hot blast main ,热风管Hot blast stove ,热风炉hot blast valve热风阀hot condition ,热状态Hot metal ,铁水Hot metal ladle ,铁水罐hot spot ,（炉皮）红点hot stove热风炉H-rion process 氢铁法humidified blast蒸汽鼓风humidity ,湿度hydraulic diameter ,水力学直径hydrogen ,氢HYL process HYL直接炼铁[法] igniter ,点火器ignition furnace 点火炉ignition temperature of fuel ,燃料着火点IISI= International Iron and Steel Institut国际钢铁协会ilmenite ,钛磁铁矿impact point ,碰点impact zone ,碰撞区impregnation ,穿透 入侵incomplete combustion ,不完全燃烧Index of BF height ,高炉高度指数Index of Fuel Smelting Intensity ,高炉强度指数Index of Smelting Intensity ,强化指数indicator ,指示器indicator for carbon dioxide ,二氧化碳指示器indirect（indirect) reduction间接还原inertia ,惯性inertial ,惯性的injector喷射器instrument ,仪器insulation ,绝缘 绝热interface effect ,界面效应inwall ,内墙inwall batter ,内墙斜度iron ladle铁[水]罐Iron notch / tap（tapping） hole ,铁口iron notch drill开铁口机iron oxide / ferrous oxide ,FeO 氧化铁iron penetration zone ,滲铁层iron runner铁沟iron silicatte ,硅酸铁iron-bath process铁浴法iron-carbon equilibrium diagram ,铁碳平衡图Ironmaking ,炼铁isotherm ,等温线iss-viscosity line ,等粘度线jacket ,炉皮jasper ,碧玉kaolin / clay ,粘土kiln calcination ,煅烧炉kiln ironmaking ,回转炉炼铁Kinematics viscosity ,动力粘度kinetic energy ,动能Krupp rotary kiln iron-making克虏伯回转窑炼铁[法] lamp ore / sized ore ,块矿Large bell ,大钟large sized blast furnace大高炉leak humting捡漏leaking tuyere ,风口漏水life-ending period ,末期lighting ,点火lignite / brown coal褐煤lime ,石灰limestone ,石灰石limonite / morass ore ,褐铁矿lining ,炉衬loop ,循环 闭环Low phosphorus iron ,低磷铁Low shaft furnace ,矮身高炉lower heat exchanger下部的热交换luppen ,粒铁magneium oxide / magnesia ,MgOmagnesite ,镁砂 菱镁矿magnesium ,镁magnet ,磁, 磁体 磁铁magnetic concentration ,磁选magnetite ,磁铁矿Major capital ,大修malleable cast iron / forge pig ,可锻铸铁malleable iron ,锻铁manganese ,锰manganese oxide ,MnOMantle ,环梁 支圈marble ,大理石Material balance ,物平衡Mckee Revolving ,马基式布料器measures on operation ,操作措施mechanical stress ,机械应力mechanism ,机械作用melting point / fusion point ,熔点melting viscosity ,熔化粘度mesh ,筛孔metallography ,金相学Metallurgy ,冶金meteoric iron /陨铁methane ,甲烷micropore（microprorous） carbon , 微孔碳砖midrex process米德法直接炼铁[法mild steel ,软钢milk of line ,石灰浆miscellaneous weigh hopper ,杂矿称量罐mix consolidation 混合料压实mixed charging ,混装mixed injection混合喷吹mixed layer ,混合层mixer ,混合器mixer main ,混风管mixer selector valve混风阀mixing calculation配料计算mixing drum混料器modification ,η 修正（变换）系数Module ,模数 模量modulus of elasticity ,弹性系数Moisture removal from blast ,脱湿molecule ,分子molybdenum ,钼Monkey / slag notch / cinder notch ,渣口mother oil ,原油movable armor/ adjustable armors ,活动炉喉 /变径炉喉Mud gun / clay gun ,泥砲mushroom wear ,蘑菇状磨损near net shape ,近净化成型nickel ,镍nitrogen ,氮nodulizing ore / briquitting ,团矿 压块non-coke iron making非焦炭炼铁nut coke ,焦丁off grade iron ,出格铁oil injection ,喷油on blast of stove, on blast送风期on gas of stove, on gas燃烧期opaline ,蛋白石open pit mines 露天矿开采operation rate of blast furnace高炉作业率ore ,矿石ore body矿体ore layer ,焦层ore layer ,矿石层ore size矿区的规模outside combustion stove外燃式燃烧炉outward batter ,外倾overland conveyor 皮带传输oxidation ,氧化oxide ,氧化物oxidizing zone ,氧化带oxygen氧Oxygen enrichment ,富氧率packed bad ,固定床 填充床packed coke in slag ,渣内堆积焦particles rebounding off wall ,弹离炉墙PCI: pulverized coal injection 喷煤比peak position ,堆尖位置pearlite ,珠光体Peephole ,窥孔pelletizing ,造球penetration ,渗透percolator ,渗透层periodic table ,周期表periphery / outside ,边缘permeability ,透气性permeability index ,透气性指数permeable layer ,透气层petrified wood ,木化石phologiston ,燃素phosphorous ,磷physical metallurgy ,物理冶金pig bed ,砂床Pig iron ,生铁pillaring ,料柱作用, 冷料柱pipe stove ,管式热风炉porosity ,孔隙度porous ,多孔的 疏松的positive measures ,切实措施potential heat ,潜热PR= production rate,还原率Prereduction ,预还原Pressure drop ,压降pressure drop in furnace炉内压差pressure equalizing valve ,均压伐pressure gauge ,压力表pressure entry hearth曲损Pressurized ,充压pressurizing valve ,充压伐productivity ,利用系数 生产率profile ,furnace lines炉型property ,特性Protecting brick ,保护砖puddled steel ,搅拌钢 熟铁pursuit of low Si operation ,追求低硅操作pyrite ,黄铁矿pyrometer ,高温计quench ,熄火quench ,淬火quick lime ,活性石灰raceway ,循环区 回旋区radiation ,辐射rator assembly ,转子raw material ,原料raw(original) coal ,原煤reactivity ,反应率receiving hopper ,受料斗Recuperater ,蓄热室 换热器red shortness ,热裂现象redistribution ,再分布reduced burden ,轻料reducibility ,还原速率reduction ,还原reduction velocity / reducibility ,还原速度reference frame 座标refinery ,提纯refractor ,耐火材料regular charging ,正装regular joint （mixed ） charging ,正同装regular unit(layer) charging(filling) / nor mal uni c ,正分装regulating valve ,调解伐regulator ,调解器remained brickworks ,残砖厚度Removable trough cover ,活动沟盖replacement ratio ,替换比repose angle ,自然堆角Reserve zone ,稳定区 热储备区residual brickworks ,残砖厚度residual thickness ,剩余厚度resistance coefficient （drag coefficient ）阻力系数reverberatory furnace ,反射炉reverse charging(filling) ,倒装reverse joint （mixed ） charging 倒同装reverse unit(layer) charging(filling) ,倒分装revolving hopper ,旋转料斗revolving （rotating ） distributor ,旋转布料器Ring pattern 布料矩阵riser pipe / uptake / gas off take ,上升管Rist diagram ,R式操作图roll scale ,轧钢皮rotary hearth iron making 转底炉炼铁run number ,试验号 编号SAF Submerged arc furnace ,潜弧炉Salamander ,炉底积铁Scabs / skull /.accretion ,炉瘤Scaffolding ,结瘤scale car ,称量车scar炉瘤，炉结scarp ,废铁scouring effect ,摩擦作用screening分选筛self coating ,自结sementite ,渗碳体semi-coke ,半焦sensible heat ,显热sensor ,传感器serpentine ,蛇纹石Set up data ,设定数据Shaft / Stack ,炉身Shaft furnace ,竖炉Shop drawing ,施工图shrinkage ,收缩shut off valve / blast isolation ,切断伐silica ,菱铁矿silicate ,硅酸盐silicide ,硅化物silicomanganese ,硅酸锰single（dual- or multi-）ring charging ,单（双或多）环布料sinter / agglomerate ,烧结矿sinter strand ,带式烧结机sintering / agglomerate ,烧结sintering machine ,烧结机size segregation’ ,粒度偏析Skimmer / Iron dam ,撇渣器skimming the metal ,渣铁分离Skip ,料车skip hoist ,料车捲揚机slag ,炉渣Slag car / pot ,渣罐slag crust渣皮slag crust fall off渣皮脱落Slag dam ,渣坝slag irrigates the tuyere 涌渣slag notch cooler渣口水套Slag pit ,渣坑Slag runner ,渣沟slag specimen ,渣样Slag thimble ,渣口套slag to iron ratio,slag ratio渣比Slag volume ,渣量slaked lime ,消石灰slight change zone ,微变区Slip ,塌料slow change zone ,缓变区sludge ,尘泥sluggish tuyere挂渣风口slugs slugging洗炉Slurry injection ,喷煤浆smelting ,熔炼smelting cycle ,冶炼周期smelting intensity ,冶炼强度Smooth running / unformity of process ,顺行snort valve ,消音伐soda ash ,苏达soft coal ,烟煤soft-melting zone软融带solid solution ,固溶体solidification凝固solution loss ,溶碳损失sow主铁沟space speed(velocity) ,空区速度specific gravity（weight） ,比重specific heat ,比热specular hematite / specularite ,镜铁矿speed of burden ,料速speed of rotation ,旋转速度spiegel iron ,镜铁Spiegeliesen / spiegel ,镜铁spilt(layer) charging / separating charging分装splasher ,防溅板Sponge iron ,海绵铁spray cooling / external shower cooling喷水冷却spray water ,喷水spray zone喷水带stack angle炉身角Stack valve ,烟道伐stack（lumpy）zone ,块状带Static pressure ,静压力stave cooler ,冷却壁stock heap（pile） ,料堆stock house ,捲揚机室stock indicator ,料线指示器stock level monitoring system ,料线指示器stock line / stock level ,料线stock rod ,料尺Stock s raw ,斯托克定律stock yard ,料场stock（charge） column / pillaring ,料柱stockpile料堆storage bin ,料仓streamline ,流线 流线型streamline flow ,层流边缘气流strong wall flow （working）/ peripheral gas flo ,suction 抽风sulphide（sulfide） ,硫化物sulphur（sulfur） ,硫sump depth ,铁口到炉底深度suppress the wind憋风surface tension ,表面张力surplus（excess） air coefficient ,空气过剩系数swan neck /goose neck ,鹅颈管switching runner摆动溜槽tap hole铁口Taphole drill ,开口机tapping ,出铁teeming time ,补炉时间temperature conversion ,温度转换temperature gradient ,温度梯度tensile strength ,抗张强度Test room ,试验室the mining method开采的方法theorem ,定理theoretical combustion(flame) temperature理论燃烧温度theoretical flame（burning） temperature理论燃烧温度theoretical investigation ,理论研究theory ,理论thermal capacity ,热容量thermal compensation 热补偿thermal reserve zone热储区thermal Reserve zone ,热稳定区,热储备区thermal road ,热负荷thermal state ,热状态thermo-camera ,热成象thermo-chemical attack ,热化学侵蚀thermocuple ,热电偶therom-stress ,热应力throat 炉喉throttle ,节流伐throttling valve ,节流伐through put ,生产能力throwing effect ,抛掷作用Ti(C,N) crystols钛碳、氮化物晶体Ti-containing material钛化物Tie rod ,吊杆time study ,时间测定titanium ,钛title converter ,傾动式转炉top combustion stove顶燃式热风炉top gas ,blast furnace gas炉顶煤气 高炉煤气top gas analysis （recorder） ,煤气分析器Top gas pressure ,炉顶压力Top gas Recovery （expansion）Turbine ,TRT 高炉煤气回收 torpedo car鱼雷车total carbon ,全碳tramp element ,残余元素Trial plant内 ,试验厂trial rod ,料尺true specific gravity ,真比重try hole ,料尺孔tube mill ,棒磨机tumbler test , 转鼓试验 转鼓强度tungsten ,钨turbine ,涡轮机turbo blower ,涡轮风机tuyere风口Tuyere cap ,风口小盖tuyere cooler风口水套Tuyere loss ,风口坏tuyere region ,风口带tuyere sonde sampling ,风口取样器tuyere stock风口弯头two 2 bell valve seal,双钟双伐Two bell top ,two-bells system charging 双钟 双料钟式装料ultimate analysis , 元素分析ultimate capacity ,最高产量under blowing ,慢风underground mine 地下矿开采upper heat exchanger上部热交换upper sealing valve ,上密封伐utilization coefficient利用系数V type melting zone ,V型软熔带V(M)-shaped layer(profile),V 型料面valuation of iron ores ,铁矿石评价vanadium ,钒vaporization cooling汽化冷却Variable ,变量Vector ,矢量velocity / speed ,速度velocity constant ,速度常数venturi meter ,流量计Venturi throat ,文式管vibrating feeder ,震动给料器violent change zone ,激变区viscosimeter , 粘度计viscosity ,粘度viscosity index ,粘度指数voids ,孔隙volatile matter挥发物washer / scrubber洗涤塔water equivalent thermal flow ,水当量water trough ,水槽weathering of iron ores ,铁矿石风化Wedged key ,梢子weigh hopper ,称量罐weighed accurately ,称量精度well depth ,死铁层深度wet cleaning ,湿法除尘wet concentration ,湿选whirler / syclone ,旋转除尘器wool / slag wool ,渣棉Working drawing ,工作图working instruction ,操作规程熟铁working volume工作容积wrought iron ,熟铁zinc ,,锌zone of relatively constant temperature热稳定区风口曲损。

专利名称：Preservation by foam formation 发明人：VICTOR BRONSHTEIN申请号：AU3660697申请日：19970714公开号：AU3660697A公开日：19980209专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：A method of preserving sensitive biological dispersions, suspensions, emulsions and solutions by forming stable foams from fluid materials to be dehydrated, as an aid both to the drying of one or more biologically active substrates in the fluid and as an aid in preparing an easily divisible dried product suitable for further commercial use. The stable foams are formed by partially removing the water to form a viscous liquid and by further subjecting the reduced liquid to vacuum, to cause it to "boil" during further drying at temperatures substantially lower than 100 degrees C. In other words, reduced pressure is applied to viscous solutions or suspensions of biologically active materials to cause the solutions or suspensions to foam during boiling, and during the foaming process further solvent removal causes the ultimate production of a stable open-cell or closed-cell foam.申请人：UNIVERSAL PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.更多信息请下载全文后查看。

第39卷第10期硅酸盐通报Vod39No.10 2020年10月BULLETIN OF THE CHINESE CERAMIC SOCIETY October,2。

2。

颗粒稳定泡沫法制备钢渣泡沫陶瓷袁琦1，郑玉1，李志辉打孟祥宇1，周圆1，刘文杰2(1.辽宁科技大学材料与冶金学院，鞍山114051,2.中国菱镁行业协会，北京100040)摘要：以钢渣为原料，没食子酸正丙酯(PG)为表面活性剂，采用颗粒稳定泡沫法制备钢渣泡沫陶瓷。

研究了钢渣含量、表面活性剂的添加量和烧结温度对泡沫陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响。

结果表明，采用颗粒稳定泡沫法能够制备出稳定的钢渣陶瓷泡沫，其稳定性与pH值和PG浓度有关。

通过调整钢渣含量和烧结温度，可以很好地控制泡沫陶瓷的气孔率和耐压强度。

钢渣含量为40%(质量分数)，烧结温度为1200A时,得到的钢渣泡沫陶瓷气孔率为70.03%,耐压强度为3.08MPa#关键词:钢渣；泡沫陶瓷；颗粒稳定泡沫；表面活性剂；烧结温度；显微结构；力学性能中图分类号:TQ174.7文献标识码:A文章编号：1OO1A625(2O2O)1O933496Steel Slag Foamed Ceramics Prepared by Particle-StabilizerFoaming MethodYUAN Qi，ZHENG Yu，LI Zhihui，MENG Xiangyu，ZHOU Yuan1，LIU Wenji%(1.SchooaofMaieeiaasand Meia a uegy，LiaoningUniaeesiiyofScienceand Technoaogy，Anshan114051，China；2.China Magnesite and Mate/al Association，Beijing100040，China)Abstrach:The steel slag foamed ceramic was prepared by particle-stabilized foaming method，in which steel slag was used as raw mai/ai and p/pyl gallai(PG)was used as surfactant.The effects of steel slag content，surfactant content and sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of foamed ceramics were studied.The results show that the stable steel slag ceramic foams arc prepared by particle-stabilized foaming method，and the stability of ceramic foams closely relates to pH value and PG concentration.The porosity and compressive strength of foamed ceramics arc controlled greatly by changing the solid content of steel slag and sintering temperature.When the content of the steel slag is 40%(ma s feaceion)and ehesineeeingeempeeaeueeis1200A，eheeesuaeingseeeasaagfoamed ceeamichasehepoeosieyof70.03%and ehecompee s iaeseeengeh of3.08MPa.Key words:steel slag；foamed ceramic；particle-stabilized foam；surfactant；sintering temperature；microstructure；mechanicaFpeopeeey0引言工业废弃物的堆积不仅污染环境,而且占用大量的土地，许多国家已经认识到这是一个亟待解决的问题#钢渣作为最常见的工业废弃物之一，是炼钢生产过程中的副产品#目前钢铁厂处理钢渣的方法是将钢渣通过热闷、热泼或粒化等工艺冷却固化后，进一步破碎、球磨和磁选，以回收其中的含铁组分［1］。